Getting Started
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
58
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 07
Select [Trace] and use the control elements in the "Traces" softtool tab if you wish to
create additional traces and diagrams.
Selecting the Sweep Range and Other Parameters
After a system preset the display shows a diagram with a dB magnitude scale, and the
S-parameter S
21
is selected as a measured quantity. This S-parameter is the forward
transmission coefficient of the DUT. It is defined as the ratio of the transmitted wave at
the DUT's output port (port no. 2) to the incident wave at the DUT's input port (port no.
1).
The R&S
ZNL/ZNLE automatically adjusts its internal source and receiver to the
selected measured quantities: For an S
21
measurement, a stimulus signal (termed a
1
)
is transmitted at the analyzer port no. 1; the transmitted wave (termed b
2
) is measured
at port 2. The stimulus signal from the analyzer port no. 2 is not needed except for
some calibration types.
By default the sweep range is set to the frequency range of the analyzer, which can be
unsuitable for your DUT. The following procedure shows you how to configure a
smaller sweep range.
1. Select [Freq] and set the "Start Frequency" to the lowest frequency you want to
measure (e.g. 1.77 GHz). For convenient data entry, double-tap/click the input field
to open the "Numeric Editor".
Tip:
If you use the keypad at the front panel for data entry, type [1][.][7][7] and ter-
minate the entry with the [G/n] key.
Refer to
Chapter 5.4.3, "Entering Data"
on page 81 to learn more about entering
numeric values and characters.
2. In the "Stop Frequency" input field, enter the highest frequency you want to mea-
sure (e.g. 2.5 GHz).
3. Select [Scale] > "Scale Values" and activate the "Auto Scale Trace" function. The
analyzer adjusts the scale of the diagram to fit in the entire S
21
trace, leaving an
appropriate display margin.
Calibrating the Instrument
Calibration (system error correction) is the process of eliminating systematic, reprodu-
cible errors from the measurement results. E.g., in the current test setup, the connect-
Trying Out the Instrument
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