VNA Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
195
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 07
The ranges of numerical values must be compatible with the instrument model. The
conditions for the stimulus range depend on the sweep type:
●
"Lin Freq" / "Log Freq" / "Segmented"
The supported frequency range depends on the instrument type; for an overview
refer to
–
For "Lin Freq" and "Log Freq" sweeps, if the number of sweep points is greater
than 1, the stop frequency must be greater than the start frequency and the
span must be
≥
1 Hz. If a stop frequency smaller or equal than the current start
frequency is set, then the start frequency is adjusted and vice versa.
–
For "Segmented" sweeps, the start and stop frequency in a sweep segment
must not be different. So with a segmented sweep you can measure n
1
points
at frequency f
1
(in segment 1), n
2
points at frequency f
2
(in segment 2) etc.
●
"CW Mode"
The [Freq] and [Span] function keys define the fixed stimulus frequency ("CW Fre-
quency") and the "Number of Points" of the measurement. The other sweep
parameters (e.g. the "Sweep Time") are set via [Sweep] > "Sweep Params".
●
"Time"
The [Freq] and [Span] function keys define the fixed stimulus frequency ("CW Fre-
quency") and the total sweep time ("Stop Time") of the measurement. The other
sweep parameters (e.g. the "Number of Points") are set via [Sweep] > "Sweep Par-
ams".
The sweep time is entered in seconds and must be positive.
The selected sweep range applies to all source and receive ports of the analyzer.
8.2
VNA Screen Elements
This section describes manual operation of the VNA mode, including trace settings,
markers and diagrams. For a description of the different quantities measured by the
instrument, refer to
Chapter 8.3, "Measurement Results"
8.2.1
Display Elements of a VNA Diagram
The central part of the screen is occupied by one or more diagrams.
A diagram is simply a rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces. Dia-
grams are independent of trace and channel settings. A diagram can contain a practi-
cally unlimited number of traces which can be assigned to different channels.
Most diagram settings are arranged on the "Diagram" and "Split" tabs of the "Display
Lines" softtool. To assign traces and channels to diagrams, use the control elements
on the Trace > "Traces" and Channel > "Channels" softtool tabs (hardkeys [Trace] and
[Channel]).
VNA Screen Elements
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