VNA Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
199
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 07
A label "Cal Off" appears at the end of the trace line if the system error correction no
longer applies to the trace.
8.2.1.3
Markers
Markers are tools for numerical readout of measured data and for selecting points on
the trace, or, in general, in the diagram area. A marker is displayed with a symbol (e.g.
a triangle, a crossbar or a line) on the trace, which can be a data trace or a memory
trace. At the same time, the coordinates are displayed in a marker info field or in a
table. Each marker can be defined as a normal marker (M), reference marker (R), or
delta marker (
Δ
M).
●
A normal marker ("M1, M2...") determines the coordinates of a measurement point
on the trace.
●
The reference marker ("R") defines the reference value for all delta markers.
●
A delta marker ("DeltaM1, DeltaM2...") indicates the coordinates relative to the ref-
erence marker.
A special set of markers M1 to M4 is provided for bandfilter search mode.
The most common tasks to be performed with markers can be achieved using the
"Marker" menu functions:
●
Determine the coordinates of a measurement point on the trace. In polar diagrams
where no x-axis is displayed, markers can be used to retrieve the stimulus value of
specific points.
●
Determine the difference between two trace points or the relative measurement
result ("Delta Mode").
●
Convert a complex measurement result into other formats.
Markers also play an important role in performing the following advanced tasks:
●
Change the sweep range and the diagram scale ("Marker Function").
●
Search for specific points on the trace ("Marker Search", "Target Search", "Bandfil-
ter").
Activating and Moving Markers
To activate a marker, either select the marker symbol itself or the corresponding line in
the marker info field.
To move the active marker on the trace, use one of the following methods:
●
Drag the marker symbol to the desired position (Cartesian diagrams only).
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