VNA Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
197
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 07
The trace can be complemented by the following display elements, plotted with the
same color:
●
Reference value (for all traces): The reference value is indicated with a triangle at
the right edge of the diagram and a dashed, horizontal line. The value and position
of the triangle can be changed to modify the diagram scale and shift the trace verti-
cally.
●
Measured quantity (for the active trace): The measured quantity is indicated in the
trace list; see
"Trace List and Trace Settings"
A trace can be either a data trace, a memory trace, or a mathematical trace; see
Trace Types
The VNA mode uses traces to display the current measurement result in a diagram. It
is also capable of storing traces to the memory, recalling stored traces, and defining
mathematical relations between different traces. There are three basic trace types:
●
Data traces show the current measurement data and are continuously updated as
the measurement goes on. Data traces are dynamic traces.
●
Memory traces are generated by storing the data trace to the memory. They repre-
sent the state of the data trace at the moment when it was stored. Memory traces
are static traces which can be stored to a file and recalled.
●
Mathematical traces are calculated according to a mathematical relation between
constants and the data or memory traces of the active channel setup. A mathemat-
ical trace that is based on the active data trace is dynamic.
It is possible to generate an unlimited number of memory traces from a data trace and
display them together. Markers and marker functions are available for all trace types.
The type of each trace in a diagram is indicated in the trace list: "MEM<no>" at the
beginning of the trace name indicates a memory trace (with default naming), Math at
the end of the trace label indicates a mathematical trace. You can also hide a trace
("Invisible") without deleting it.
Trace List and Trace Settings
The main properties of all traces assigned to the diagram are displayed in the trace list
in the upper part of the diagram.
VNA Screen Elements
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