VNA Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
202
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 07
Marker Format
Description
Formula
Imag
Imaginary part of z
Im(z) = y
SWR
(Voltage) Standing Wave Ratio
SWR = (1 + |z|) / (1 – |z|)
dB Mag Phase
Magnitude of z in dB and phase in two lines
20 * log|z| dB arctan ( Im(z) /
Re(z) )
Lin Mag Phase
Magnitude of z (unconverted) and phase in two
lines
|z| arctan ( Im(z) / Re(z) )
Real Imag
Real and imaginary part of z in two lines
x y
R + j X
Unnormalized resistance, reactance, and L or C in
three lines (Smith diagram)
R
X
L or C
**)
G + j B
Unnormalized conductance, susceptance, and L
or C in three lines (Inverted Smith diagram)
G
B
L or C
**)
IMP Mag
Impedance Magnitude (combined complex impe-
dance)
**)
|Z| = (R
2
+ X
2
)
1/2
Index
Index of the current sweep point
–
*)
The delay aperture is defined in the TRACE > FORMAT softtool.
**)
An impedance Z is represented as Z = R + jX, the corresponding admittance as Y =
1/Z = G + jB. For X ≥ 0, we have an inductance L = X/ω, for X < 0 we have a capaci-
tance C = 1/(ωX), where ω denotes the stimulus frequency.
Marker Coupling
It connects the markers of a set of traces.
Marker coupling allows you to compare different measurement results (assigned to dif-
ferent traces) at the same stimulus value. It connects the markers of a set of traces.
Marker coupling can be enabled:
●
either for all traces in the active channel setup that have the same stimulus vari-
able as the active trace
●
or for all traces in a channel
●
or for all traces in a diagram that have the same stimulus variable as the active
trace
When marker coupling is enabled, the same markers are activated for all related
traces: if a marker was active for some related trace, then it is activated for all related
traces.
While marker coupling is active, the marker sets of the related traces are always kept
in sync, i.e.:
●
If a marker is added to (removed from) one of the related traces, it is also added to
(removed from) the other related traces.
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