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EXFO Power Blazer 88000 Series, User Manual

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EXFO Power Blazer 88000 Series User Manual Download Page 392

Test Results

380

88000 Series

Alarms/Errors Overview

Errors

BIP-8 

(Bit Interleave Parity-8) 

RX

: There is a PM BIP-8 mismatch between the received value and 

locally computed value (0 to 8). 

BEI

 (Backward Error Indication) 

RX

: Interleaved block in error detected by the corresponding ODU path 

monitoring sink using the BIP-8 code.

ODU BEI bits 

(1234)

BIP violations

ODU BEI bits 

(1234)

BIP violations

0000

0

0101

5

0001

1

0110

6

0010

2

0111

7

0011

3

1000

8

0100

4

1001 to 1111

0

Summary of Contents for Power Blazer 88000 Series

Page 1: ...User Guide 88000 Series Power Blazer HIGH SPEED MULTISERVICE TEST MODULE ...

Page 2: ...ation or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO EXFO s Commerce And Government Entities CAGE code under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO is 0L8C3 The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice Trademarks EXFO s trademarks have been identified as such However the presence or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any trade...

Page 3: ...t Modules 11 Inserting and Removing Transceiver Adaptors TA 12 Turning On the Unit 14 Starting the Module Application 15 4 Physical Interfaces and LEDs 17 Port Availability on the 88000 Series 20 Transceivers 24 RJ45 24 BNC 25 SMB 25 LEDs 25 5 Graphical User Interface Overview 27 Main Application Window 27 Main Window 27 Navigation Buttons 28 Status Bar 28 Title Bar 31 Global Indicator 31 Test Con...

Page 4: ...564 59 RFC 2544 61 RFC 6349 63 EtherBERT 64 Traffic Gen Mon 66 Smart Loopback 68 Through Mode 70 TCP Throughput 71 Carrier Ethernet OAM 72 Cable Test 74 1588 PTP 75 SyncE 76 Wander 77 FC BERT 78 CPRI OBSAI BERT 79 7 Selecting and Starting a Test 81 Intelligent Apps 81 Transport Test Applications 85 Ethernet Test Applications 87 Sync Test Applications 89 Fibre Channel Test Application 91 Wireless T...

Page 5: ...75 FTFL PT and PT 177 GFP F GFP T 181 Interface Ethernet Packet Sync Fibre Channel and Wireless 182 Labels 196 Link OAM 198 Local Details iSAM 200 MAC IP UDP 204 Network 220 Network Details iSAM 226 ODU Channels Global 237 Optical Device Under Test iOptics 245 Remote Details iSAM 248 RFC 2544 Global 252 RFC 2544 Subtests 255 RFC 6349 264 S OAM and MPLS TP OAM 267 Services Global 277 Services Profi...

Page 6: ...ogger 432 Messages 434 MPLS 436 OTL SDT 437 Performance Monitoring 439 PTP Stats 446 Quality Level 1588 PTP 448 Quality Level SyncE 450 S OAM and MPLS TP OAM 452 SDT Multi Channel OTN 457 Service Configuration Burst 459 Service Configuration Ramp 460 Service Performance 462 Streams Frame Loss Out of Sequence 464 Streams Jitter 464 Streams Latency 465 Streams Throughput Customer Frame Throughput 46...

Page 7: ...raffic Graph 533 Traffic OAM S OAM and MPLS TP OAM 534 Window Sweep 536 WIS 537 10 Test Functions 539 40 100G 400G Advanced CFP4 CFP8 QSFP Control 542 40 100G 400G Advanced Lanes Mapping Skew 545 APS 550 Client Offset 553 FDL Bit Oriented Message 556 FDL Performance Report Message 560 FEAC 563 Filters 567 Packet Capture 571 GCC BERT 577 GMP 579 OH GFP F GFP T 580 OH OTN 585 OH SONET SDH 591 Ping T...

Page 8: ...ure Recovery 660 When Using the Test Timer 661 13 Maintenance 663 Cleaning LC SC MPO 24 Connectors 664 Battery Safety Information 664 Recalibrating the Unit 665 Recycling and Disposal 666 14 Troubleshooting 667 Solving Common Problems 667 Contacting the Technical Support Group 668 Transportation 668 15 Warranty 669 General Information 669 Liability 670 Exclusions 671 Certification 671 Service and ...

Page 9: ...ort Network OTN 710 Generic Framing Procedure GFP 727 MPLS Labels 739 OBSAI 740 SONET DSn SDH PDH 745 SyncE 755 Unicast Multicast Addresses for Ethernet OAM 757 VLAN ID and Priority 758 C Remote ToolBox 759 Overview 759 Remote ToolBox Installation 761 Starting and Using the Remote ToolBox Application 762 Applications for 764 Index 765 ...

Page 10: ...es reasonable efforts to ensure compliance to the applicable standards The limits set by these standards are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the user guide may cause harmful interferen...

Page 11: ...erence in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following Internet address www exfo com library Laser Your instrument is a Class 1 laser product in compliance with standards IEC 60825 1 2007 2014 and 21 CFR 1040 10 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No 42 dated December 18 1989 ...

Page 12: ......

Page 13: ...GE 88260 88400NGE 8870 8880 Intelligent Apps iOptics X X X iSAM X X Transport Multi Channel OTN X OTN BERT X X SONET SDH BERT X X OTN SONET SDH BERT X X DSn PDH BERT X SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT X NI CSU X Ethernet EtherSAM Y 1564 X X RFC 6349 X X RFC 2544 X X X EtherBERT X X X X Traffic Gen Mon X X X Smart Loopback X X X Through Mode X X TCP Throughput X X Carrier Ethernet OAM X X Cable Test X ...

Page 14: ...pecifications Technical Specifications To obtain this product s technical specifications visit the EXFO Web site at www exfo com Packet Sync 1588 PTP X X SyncE X X Wander 8880 Fibre Channel FC BERT X X Wireless CPRI OBSAI BERT X X Features Model 88200NGE 88260 88400NGE 8870 8880 ...

Page 15: ... Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in component damage Do not proceed unless you understand and me...

Page 16: ......

Page 17: ...peration and maintenance other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure or impair the protection provided by this unit WARNING If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired WARNING Use only accessories designed for your unit and approved by EXFO For a complete list of accessories availab...

Page 18: ...NT When you see the following symbol on your unit it indicates that the unit is equipped with a laser source or that it can be used with instruments equipped with a laser source These instruments include but are not limited to modules and external optical units IMPORTANT Other safety instructions relevant for your product are located throughout this documentation depending on the action to perform...

Page 19: ...er Safety Information This product employs Class 1 Laser transceivers Note Refer to the platform s user guide for additional test equipment safety information and ratings WARNING When the LASER LED is on or flashing the module is transmitting an optical signal on the transceiver ports ...

Page 20: ...ge circuitry intended for intra building use only CAUTION For the dual Bantam connector and the RJ 48C ports use only No 26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord to reduce the risk of fire CAUTION No user serviceable parts are contained inside Contact the manufacturer regarding service of this equipment IMPORTANT All wiring and installation must be in accordance with local building and electri...

Page 21: ... modules can be damaged by static electrical discharge To minimize the risk of damage dissipate static electricity by touching a grounded unpainted metal object before removing inserting or handling the module before connecting or disconnecting cables to from the module before inserting or removing a transceiver to from the module ...

Page 22: ......

Page 23: ...Platform 88200NGE 88260NGE 88400NGE 8870 8880 FTB 2 NA NA NA 2 FTB 2 Pro 2 2 NA 2 FTB 4 Pro 4 4 1a a The platform needs to be connected to a power outlet since this module requires too much power to run on battery power 4 LTB 8 8 8 2 8 CAUTION There is no need to turn off your unit before inserting or removing FTBx modules However inserting removing modules without following the instructions provi...

Page 24: ...kwise until it is loose Hold the FILLER by the handle and or the retaining screw and pull it out CAUTION There is no need to turn off your unit before inserting or removing TA modules However inserting removing TA modules without following the instructions provided in this user documentation could result in the following consequences depending on the operation underway when the modules are inserte...

Page 25: ... 4 Insert the TA module into the FTBx 88260 module 4a Take the TA module and place it so that the connector pins are at the back as shown below The identification sticker and the protruding edges are on the left side 4b Insert the protruding edges of the module into the grooves of the receptacle s module port 4c Push the TA module all the way to the back of the receptacle by pressing firmly on the...

Page 26: ...rew NOT by the connectors and pull it out 4 Cover the empty FTBx 88260 s receptacle with the supplied FILLER Turning On the Unit Turn on the platform Refer to the platform user guide for more information CAUTION Pulling out a TA module by its connectors could seriously damage both the TA module and connectors Always pull out a TA module by its retaining screw and or the handle CAUTION Failure to r...

Page 27: ...o start the application From ToolBox X tap the desired application button Note Refer to the respective user guides for more information on OpticalRF and BBU Emulation applications Module Application Comment 88200NGE 88260 88400NGE Power Blazer 8880 8870a a Only the OpticalRF application is available on RTU 2 Power Blazer OpticalRFb BBU Emulationb b No supported on FTB 2 Only one application can ru...

Page 28: ......

Page 29: ...8 CAUTION To prevent exceeding the maximum input output power level please refer to this product s technical specifications at www exfo com CFP41 QSFP1 EXT LCK REF OUT SFP 1 1 Laser radiation emitted from this port when LASER LED is on 1 Laser radiation emitted from this port when LASER LED is on Port A Port B FTBx 88260 Port A11 TA SFP28 Port A21 Port B11 Port B21 ...

Page 30: ...Physical Interfaces and LEDs 18 88000 Series FTBx 88400NGE QSFP281 1 Laser radiation emitted from this port when LASER LED is on EXT CLK REF OUT CFP81 SFP561 SFP281 ...

Page 31: ...Interfaces and LEDs Power Blazer 19 FTBx 8870 8880 SFP 1 P2 1 Laser radiation emitted from this port when LASER LED is on SFP 1 P1 RJ45 P1 RJ48C BANTAM BNC TX RX2 BNC RX DUPLEX LINK ACT LINK RX LASER BNC EXT CLK ...

Page 32: ...2 4 3 1 4 9 6 1 9 8 Gbit s OBSAI 1 5 3 1 6 1 Gbit s OC 1 STM 0 OC 3 STM 1 OC 12 STM 4 OC 48 STM 16 OC 192 STM 64 OTU1 OTU2 OTU1e OTU2e OTU1f OTU2f CFP4 Optical IN OUT port CFP4 transceivera a Only OTU4 4 Lanes and 100GE 4 Lanes are supported Ethernet 100 Gbit s OTU4 QSFP QSFP or QSFP28 Optical IN OUT port QSFP transceiverb b Only parallel interfaces are supported Ethernet 40 Gbit s OTU3e2 OTU3e1 O...

Page 33: ...port as well as a description and the signals supported on each Transceiver Adapter TA Port Labelled Description Supported Transceiver Adapter TA A TA left port TA SFP28 B TA right port TA SFP28 TA Description Port Labelleda a The ports are listed referred as follows in the GUI Port FTBx 88260 s port A or B TA port 1 or 2 and connector type for example Port A1 SFP28 Supported Signal s TA SFP28 Dua...

Page 34: ...e use Optical IN OUT port SFP28 transceiver Ethernet 100 1000 Mbit s 10 Gbit s 25 Gbit s optical SFP56a Optical IN OUT port SFP56 transceiver Ethernet 50 Gbit s QSFP28a P1 P2 P3 and P4 Optical IN OUT port QSFP28 transceiver Ethernet 40 Gbit s 100 Gbit s CFP8 Optical IN OUT port CFP8 transceiver Ethernet 400 Gbit s REF OUT Electrical port SMA for eye diagram clock signal generation EXT CLKa Electri...

Page 35: ...STM 1e 155Mk 1PPS X Clock IN DS1 1 5M E1 2M 2 MHz 10 MHz 1 PPS BNC EXT CLK Clock IN DS1 1 5M E1 2M 2 MHz 1 PPS X RJ45 RJ45 P1 Ethernet 10 100 1000 Mbit s electrical X X RJ48C RJ48C DS1 1 5M E1 2M X X 1PPS 2 MHz 10 MHz X Clock IN DS1 1 5M E1 2M 2 MHz X Clock OUT DS1 1 5M E1 2M 2 MHz X SFP SFP SFP P1 or SFP P2 Ethernet 100 Mbit s 1000 Mbit s 10 Gbit s LAN WAN optical CPRI 1 2 2 4 3 1 4 9 6 1 9 8 Gbi...

Page 36: ...Modify Structure Button on page 108 and then restart the test RJ45 The electrical port is RJ45 for category 5 unshielded twisted pair UTP Refer to Ethernet Cables on page 708 for cable specifications CAUTION To prevent exceeding the maximum input power level please use an attenuator when a loopback configuration is used CAUTION Before inserting an optical module into the interface receptacle inspe...

Page 37: ...MB to Bantam is required for Bantam connection not supplied LEDs LASER red LED is on when the module is emitting an optical laser signal LINK RX green LED is on when the link is up off when the link is down and flashing when frames are transmitted and or received DUPLEX green LED is on for Full Duplex mode off for Half Duplex mode and flashing when collisions are detected Port blue LED is on when ...

Page 38: ......

Page 39: ... interface Main Application Window The following main application window is displayed when the Power Blazer application is started Main Window The main window is used to setup a test and to view the test status and results Main Window Test Control Test Menu Application Buttons Status Bar Global Indicator Title Bar ...

Page 40: ...Icon and or text Description Test Application Test icon Icon representing the active test application All P1 P2 P3 P4 Port identification number Port x All A1 A2 B1 B2 Port identification number composed of the port of the FTBx 88260 module A or B and the TA port 1 or 2 All FTBx 88260 TX RX TX RX Indicates the direction of the signal per port Transport Wander DS1 E1 Interface Signal The interface ...

Page 41: ...signalb Red with Power Power level is close to damage Gray The operational range value is either not available or not supplied by the transceiver All except Cable Test Laser ONb The laser icon is not displayed when the laser is offa The laser icon is only displayed for optical interfaces The laser is ON by default when the test is created The laser control is not affected when turning off the lase...

Page 42: ... Internal EXT for External RCV for Recovered or BKP for Backplane AUTO is displayed for dual port test when a different clock is used on each port Green Clock Synchronized Red Loss of clock Transport Ethernet Fibre Channel Wireless Indicates a manual change in the OH bytes transmitted Not displayed when using the default OH values Transport Remote PC connection established with the Power Blazer N ...

Page 43: ...nd close buttons Global Indicator The global indicator area displays the global pass fail verdict global alarm and the test duration The global indicator area can be maximized for distant viewing Tap anywhere within the global indicator area to display a maximized view Tap again to exit the maximized view Global Alarm Test Timer Global indicator area History Current Timer Global Verdict ...

Page 44: ...old criteria or when a specific alarm is detected refer to each test application for additional information is displayed with a gray background when at least one of the following conditions is met Pass Fail verdict is not enabled there is no defined criterion the test has not run yet Background color Alarm Error Text displayed Description Gray Current No test result available History Green Current...

Page 45: ...mer icon with the Test Timer indicates that a duration and or a stop time is active Test Control Note Refer to Test Control on page 635 for more information Test Menu The test menu displays the following buttons Setup allows configuring the selected test Refer to Test Setup Test Configurator Timer and System on page 95 for more information Results allows viewing test results Refer to Test Results ...

Page 46: ...Note For information on how to install and activate software options refer to the platform User Guide The Power Blazer application must be restarted once a new software option is installed in order to activate it Software Option Description 10electrical Ethernet 10Base T electrical interface 100optical Ethernet 100Base FX optical interface 100electrical Ethernet 100Base TX electrical interface Gig...

Page 47: ...FC 8X Fibre Channel 8X FC 10X Fibre Channel 10X FC 16X Fibre Channel 16X CPRI 1 2G CPRI 1 2288 Gbit s CPRI CPRI 2 4576 Gbit s and 3 072 Gbit s CPRI 4 9G CPRI 4 9152 Gbit s CPRI 6 1G CPRI 6 144 Gbit s CPRI 9 8G CPRI 9 8304 Gbit s DP CPRI Dual Port CPRI OBSAI 1 5G OBSAI 1 536 Gbit s OBSAI OBSAI 3 072 Gbit s OBSAI 6 1G OBSAI 6 144 Gbit s ETH CAPTURE Ethernet Frame Capture ETH OAM Carrier Ethernet OAM...

Page 48: ...flex SONET Synchronous Optical Network SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy OTN INTR THRU OTN Intrusive Through Mode SONETSDH INTR THRU SONET SDH Intrusive Through Mode MULTI CH OTN Multi Channel OTN Test Application OTN MIX MAPPING Mix Mapping capability for Multi Channel OTN GCC BERT GCC BERT TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring STS AU and VT TU SONET SDH ETH THRU Through Mode Test Application iOptics ...

Page 49: ...agnifier icon when a zoomed view is available To zoom in tap the magnifier icon or anywhere on the block To zoom out tap on the magnifier icon or anywhere on the block title Arrow Buttons DS3 G747 ITU T Recommendation G 747 PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy NI CSU NI CSU Emulation Software Option Description Moves to the top of the list Moves one page up Moves one line up Moves one line down Mo...

Page 50: ...alue at the cursor position Back deletes the value preceding the cursor position OK completes data entry Cancel closes the keyboard and discards the keyboard entry Previous allows the selection of previously configured values This button is only available for certain fields like IP Address MAC Address etc Note For certain text fields the GUI pops up or uses the unit s on screen keyboard Refer to t...

Page 51: ...d Usage For multiplexing keyboard tap on all mapped signals that have to be added removed to from the test path A mapped signal with an orange background color is part of the test path A mapped signal with a gray background color is not part of the test path ...

Page 52: ...xt 001 0011 DC3 Device Control 3 000 0100 EOT End Of Transmission 001 0100 DC4 Device Control 4 000 0101 ENQ Enquiry 001 0101 NAK Negative Acknowledge 000 0110 ACK Acknowledge 001 0110 SYN Synchronous idle 000 0111 BEL Bell 001 0111 ETB End of Transmission Block 000 1000 BS Backspace 001 1000 CAN Cancel 000 1001 HT Horizontal Tabulation 001 1001 EM End of Medium 000 1010 LF Line Feed 001 1010 SUB ...

Page 53: ...l OTN X 44 SONET SDH BERT X X 50 OTN SONET SDH BERT X X 47 DSn PDH BERT X 53 SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT X 55 NI CSU Emulation X 58 Ethernet EtherSAM Y 1564 X X 59 RFC 6349 X X 63 RFC 2544 X X X 61 EtherBERT X X X X 64 Traffic Gen Mon X X X 66 Smart Loopback X X X 68 Through Mode X X 70 TCP Throughput X X 71 Carrier Ethernet OAM X X 72 Cable Test X 74 Sync 1588 PTP X X 75 SyncE X X 76 Wander 8880 77 Fi...

Page 54: ...orted for each sub test and monitoring task Transceiver s manufacturing information is also automatically collected A fiber loopback patch cord is required to perform the test with applicable attenuation included to protect the optical device Bidirectional single fiber transceivers are not supported since the iOptics test requires a loopback Typical iOptics test application Supported Interfaces Ra...

Page 55: ...test has to be executed in conjunction with a remote module The remote module can be either in loopback configuration for unidirectional testing or in EtherSAM Dual Test Set mode for bidirectional testing The Dual Test Set test allows bi directional testing between two compatible modules providing independent results for each test direction The results from local to remote and remote to local are ...

Page 56: ...els of a single or mixed ODUmux test structure Typical Multi Channel OTN test applications Path Mapping The Multi Channel OTN test application offers the following path mapping structures depending on the inserted CFP4 QSFP transceivers and enabled options Mixed mapping is available with the OTN MIX MAPPING software option Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test...

Page 57: ... BERT test applications Path Mapping The OTN BERT test application offers the following path mapping structures depending on the inserted transceiver and enabled options For 88200NGE up to OTU4 and 8870 8880 up to OTU2f Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Network un...

Page 58: ...Test Setup Test Applications 46 88000 Series OTN BERT ...

Page 59: ...ansport protocol by performing a BERT test to check the traffic or payload stability over a network facility Typical OTN SONET SDH BERT test applications Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Network under test ...

Page 60: ...OTN SONET SDH BERT Path Mapping The OTN SONET SDH BERT test application offers the following path mapping structures depending on the inserted transceiver and enabled options For OTN SONET BERT up to OTU4 for 88200NGE and up to OTU2 for 8870 8880 ...

Page 61: ...Test Setup Test Applications Power Blazer 49 OTN SONET SDH BERT For OTN SDH BERT up to OTU4 for 88200NGE and up to OTU2 for 8870 8880 ...

Page 62: ...rotocol by performing a BERT test to check the traffic or payload stability over a network facility Typical SONET SDH BERT test applications Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Network under test ...

Page 63: ...est Applications Power Blazer 51 SONET SDH BERT Path Mapping The SONET SDH BERT test application offers the following path mapping structures depending on the inserted transceiver and enabled options For SONET BERT ...

Page 64: ...Test Setup Test Applications 52 88000 Series SONET SDH BERT For SDH BERT ...

Page 65: ...f the DSn or PDH transport protocol by performing a BERT test to check the traffic or payload stability over a network facility Typical DSn PDH BERT test applications Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module ...

Page 66: ...est application offers the following path mapping structures depending on model and enabled options For DSn Note It is possible to enable DS0 E0 from Signal Signal Configuration DSn PDH on page 294 For PDH Note It is possible to enable E0 from Signal Signal Configuration DSn PDH on page 294 ...

Page 67: ...DH transport protocol by performing a BERT test to check the traffic or payload stability over a network facility Typical SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT test applications Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Network under test ...

Page 68: ... Test Applications 56 88000 Series SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT Path Mapping The SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT test application offers the following path mapping structures depending on the model and enabled options For SONET ...

Page 69: ...Test Setup Test Applications Power Blazer 57 SONET SDH DSn PDH BERT For SDH ...

Page 70: ...tion Allows DS1 testing in NI CSU Network Interface Customer Service Unit emulation mode Typical NI CSU Emulation test applications Network under test Test Head NI CSU Emulation EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit NI CSU Emulation EXFO Module DSn PDH BERT EXFO Module ...

Page 71: ... The EtherSAM Y 1564 test in single port configuration has to be executed in conjunction with a remote module The remote module can be either in loopback configuration for unidirectional testing or in EtherSAM Dual Test Set mode for bidirectional testing The Dual Test Set test allows bi directional testing between two compatible modules providing independent results for each test direction The res...

Page 72: ...pplications Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 100G Dual Port topology is only available for rates up to 10G WAN Network under test Testing Unit Loopback Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Remote Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module ...

Page 73: ...mote module can be either in loopback configuration for unidirectional testing or in RFC 2544 Dual Test Set mode for bidirectional testing The Dual Test Set test allows bi directional testing between two compatible modules providing independent results for each test direction The results from local to remote and remote to local are available on the local testing unit The Dual Port topology allows ...

Page 74: ...ions Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 100G Dual Port topology is only available for rates up to 10G WAN Network under test Testing Unit Loopback Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Remote Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module ...

Page 75: ...mpatible module in RFC 6349 Dual Test Set or EXFO Worx Interop operation mode allowing bidirectional testing The test provides independent results for each test direction The results from local to remote and remote to local are available on the local testing unit Typical RFC 6349 test application Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 10G LAN 40G and 100G EVC Testing Unit Remote Unit EXFO Module EXFO M...

Page 76: ... with specific test pattern for Bit Error Rate analysis Typical EtherBERT test applications Network under test Testing Unit Loopback Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Testing Units EXFO Module ...

Page 77: ...tions Power Blazer 65 EtherBERT Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 400G Dual Port topology is available for either rates up to 10G WAN or for rates 40 100G Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Loopback Units EXFO Module ...

Page 78: ...lysis of up to 16 streams Typical Traffic Gen Mon test applications Network under test Testing Unit Loopback Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Testing Units EXFO Module ...

Page 79: ... Applications Power Blazer 67 Traffic Gen Mon Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 100G Dual Port topology is only available for rates up to 10G WAN Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Loopback Units EXFO Module ...

Page 80: ... operates as a physical loopback by transmitting all received frames unaltered and without discrimination The Smart Loopback test can be created locally refer to Ethernet Test Applications on page 87 or remotely using an EXFO unit refer to Discover Remote Button on page 636 or a Third Party device see Third Party Remote Loopback on page 69 Typical Smart Loopback test application Supported Interfac...

Page 81: ...ooped back test stream is received and analyzed by the third party device The third party loopback supports three level of messages Layer 2 Only MAC addresses are swapped Layer 3 MAC and IP addresses are swapped Layer 4 MAC and IP addresses are swapped along with the UDP port To emulate a third party remote device the loopback mode is set in the function of the layer of loop messages received The ...

Page 82: ...l ports for in service troubleshooting of live traffic between the carrier service provider network and the customer s network Typical Through Mode test application Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 10GE LAN and 100GE 10 100 1000M electrical is supported when using an active copper SFP and the RJ45 port Testing Unit in Through Mode Network Ethernet Network Ethernet EXFO Module ...

Page 83: ... TCP segments using the Initial Window Size defined The window size is adjusted following the TCP algorithm The window size is incremented until the Maximum Window Size or congestion is reached However the window size will be reduced when congestion occurs then incremented again as described above when the congestion is cleared TCP Throughput and windows size statistics will be gathered throughout...

Page 84: ...nto two main categories Performance Monitoring measures parameters such as frame delay frame loss and synthetic loss Y 1731 MEF Connectivity Fault Management provides the capability for detecting verifying and isolating connectivity failure Y 1731 802 1ag MEF Typical Ethernet OAM and MPLS TP OAM test applications Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 10G LAN WAN MIP EXFO Module Peer MEP Local MEP MIP ...

Page 85: ...ernet OAM Link OAM The Link OAM test validates the Link OAM protocol capabilities and the Ethernet link connection of a remote equipment Typical Link OAM test application Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 10G LAN WAN EXFO Module NID Switch Testing Equipment ...

Page 86: ...be tested However if the Ethernet signal is unknown all four pairs will be tested Even if a link up is not required when testing with a far end equipment it is preferable to have the far end equipment powered up to maximize the cable test results Supported Ethernet cable categories are Category 3 Class C Category 4 Category 5 Category 5e Class D and Category 6e Class E Note Cable test result is re...

Page 87: ...pplication handles the 1588 PTP communication with the Grand Master GM clock collects statistics related to packets and monitors the clock Quality Level Typical 1588 PTP test application Supported Interfaces Rates 10M to 10G LAN Network under test Testing Unit GM Clock EXFO Module Grand Master Clock Source ...

Page 88: ...ary test primitives to interactively validate the clock management functions of a SyncE capable network equipment Typical SyncE test applications Supported Interfaces Rates 100M to 10G LAN Network under test Testing Unit Network Equipment EXFO Module EEC EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit EXFO Module Testing Unit ...

Page 89: ...signal under test and the time reported by a reference clock Typical Wander test applications Supported Interfaces Rates 100 1000M Electrical 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical DS1 E1 2 MHz 10 MHz and 1PPS Note Only one instance of the Wander application is allowed on a platform due to high processing activity related to MTIE calculation Note The Wander test automatically stops when one of the foll...

Page 90: ...er allowing BER testing for link integrity measurements latency buffer to buffer credit measurements for optimization as well as login capabilities Typical Fibre Channel BERT test applications Supported Interfaces Rates 1X 2X 4X 8X 10X 16X Network under test Testing Unit DUT Loopback EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module EXFO Module ...

Page 91: ...internal interface of radio base stations between the Radio Equipment Control REC and the Radio Equipment RE In the industry the CPRI REC and RE are mainly known as Base Station BTS and Remote Radio Head RRH respectively The Open Base Station Architecture Initiative OBSAI separates a traditional radio base station configuration into a Base Transceiver Station BTS and a Remote Radio Head RRH The BT...

Page 92: ...between two test units Additional CRPI BERT test application Supported Interfaces Rates CPRI 1 2 2 4 3 1 4 9 6 1 and 9 8 Gbit s OBSAI 1 5 3 1 and 6 1 Gbit s Network under test Testing Unit Testing Unit EXFO Module Unframed Framed L2 EXFO Module Network under test Testing Unit Physical Loopback EXFO Module Unframed Network under test Base Station BTS EXFO Module Framed L2 RRH or EXFO Module Network...

Page 93: ... 2 From the Test Applications tab under Intelligent Apps tap the iOptics icon 3 From the Test Configurator tab select the interface port and its rate 3a From the Optical Device Under Test block tap the desired port icon 3b Once the transceiver is correctly detected select its rate 3c From the Test Sequence block select the test parameters and thresholds refer to Test Sequence iOptics on page 329 N...

Page 94: ... will be automatically displayed when the test is started For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 The test automatically stops when the transceiver is invalid or missing 5 When the test ends automatically or is manually stopped the generate report pop up is displayed by default If required tap Yes to generate a report of the test results and statistics refer to Report Button on pa...

Page 95: ...ort parameters or click on More for all settings refer to Local Details iSAM on page 200 Ensure that the link is up and the power level for optical interface when supported is adequate in the status bar before proceeding to the next step refer to Status Bar on page 28 For CFP QSFP interface rates check for the optical validation check mark indicating that the transceiver matches the configured int...

Page 96: ...with the remote module is not established with either DTS or Remote Loopback mode the automatic remote connection process is performed before starting the test The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 5 When the test ends automatically or is manually stopped the genera...

Page 97: ...tructure of the test such as the interface rate connector etc refer to Modify Structure Button on page 108 3b For CFP QSFP interface check for the optical validation check mark indicating that the transceiver matches the configured interface rate refer to Physical Interface Port Test Configurator Overview on page 100 3c Tap the interface block to configure the signal parameters refer to page 95 3d...

Page 98: ...duration refer to Timer on page 330 5 For additional test configurations refer to Test Functions on page 539 6 Tap the Start button from the right navigation bar to start the test refer to Start Stop TX Button on page 657 The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 7 Tap ...

Page 99: ... Modify Structure Button on page 108 3b For CFP4 CFP8 QSFP interface check for the optical validation check mark indicating that the transceiver matches the configured interface rate refer to Physical Interface Port Test Configurator Overview on page 100 3c Tap the interface block to configure the interface parameters refer to page 95 For Dual Port topology there is an interface block for each por...

Page 100: ...the Start button from the right navigation bar to start the test refer to Start Stop TX Button on page 657 The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 7 Depending on the test when the test ends automatically or is manually stopped the generate report pop up is displayed b...

Page 101: ...e 108 3b Tap the interface block to configure the interface parameters refer to page 95 no configuration is available with Wander 10 MHz 2 MHz and 1PPS rates Ensure that the link is up and the power level when supported is present in the status bar before proceeding to the next step refer to Status Bar on page 28 3c Tap the test block to configure the specific test settings refer to page 98 3d For...

Page 102: ...art button from the right navigation bar to start the test refer to Start Stop TX Button on page 657 The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 7 Depending on the test when the test ends automatically or manually stopped the generate report pop up is displayed by default...

Page 103: ... Structure button to set the basic structure of the test such as the interface rate and connector refer to Modify Structure Button on page 108 3b Tap the interface block to configure the interface parameters refer to page 182 Ensure that the link is up and the power level when supported is present in the status bar before proceeding to the next step refer to Status Bar on page 28 3c Tap the protoc...

Page 104: ... refer to Timer on page 330 5 Tap the Start button from the right navigation bar to start the test refer to Start Stop TX Button on page 657 The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 6 When the test ends automatically or is manually stopped the generate report pop up is...

Page 105: ...d its parameters 3a Tap the Modify Structure button to set the basic structure of the test such as the interface rate connector etc refer to Modify Structure Button on page 108 3b Tap the interface block to configure the interface parameters refer to page 182 For Dual Port topology there is an interface block for each port Ensure that the power level is present in the status bar before proceeding ...

Page 106: ...ically start and or stop the test at a given time or for a specific duration refer to Timer on page 330 6 Tap the Start button from the right navigation bar to start the test refer to Start Stop TX Button on page 657 The Summary result page will be automatically displayed when the test is started from any Setup configuration page For additional results refer to Test Results on page 341 7 When the ...

Page 107: ...structure Test Configurator for Intelligent Apps test application Test Application Block Subtab or Pop Up Page iOptics Optical Device Under Test Optical Device Under Test Details 245 Test Sequence 329 iSAM Local Local Details 200 CFP4 QSFP SFP 147 Network Network Details 226 Remote Remote Details 248 ...

Page 108: ... X 108 Signal Auto Detect X X 131 Interface CFP4 QSFP SFP SFP X X X X X 147 Frequencya a Available with parallel interface only X X X 175 FTFL PT and PT X X X 177 Labels X X 196 Signal X X X X X X X 287 Traces 332 332 332 336 336 Protocol GFP F GFP T X 181 Labels X 196 Signal X X 307 Traces X 336 Test BERT X Xb b Only framed test is supported Xb X X 139 EtherBERT Xc c Available with EoOTN client o...

Page 109: ...FP28 SFP SFP X X X X X X X X X 147 Frequency X X X X X X 175 Interface X X X X X X X X X X 182 Network X X X X X X X X X X 220 TA SFP28 X X X X 326 Protocol MAC IP UDP X X X X 204 Services Global X 277 Services Profile X 280 Streams Global X 313 Streams Profile X 315 Test Cable Test X 145 EtherBERT X 155 EtherSAM Burst X 163 EtherSAM Global X 165 EtherSAM Ramp X 169 Link OAM X 198 RFC 2544 Global ...

Page 110: ...88 PTP SyncE Wander Button Modify Structure X X X 126 Interface Interface X X Xa a No configuration available 182 Network X X X 220 SFP SFP X X X 147 Test 1588 PTP X 132 SyncE X 323 Wander X 338 External Reference External Reference X 171 Block Subtab or Pop Up Test Application Page FC BERT Button Modify Structure X 128 Interface Interface X 182 SFP SFP X 147 Protocol Fibre Channel X 172 Test FC B...

Page 111: ...er 99 Test Configurator for Wireless test application Timer see page 330 System see page 325 Block Subtab or Pop Up Test Application Page CPRI OBSAI BERT Button Modify Structure X 129 Interface Interface X 182 SFP SFP X 147 Test BERT and Unframed BERT X 155 ...

Page 112: ...rrows are used to indicate the interconnection between blocks as well as the direction of the clock and data flow Tap on a block or the More button for Intelligent Apps to change the configuration parameters of this block From the Test menu tap Setup and the Test Configurator tab Intelligent Apps iOptics Optical Device Under Test block displays and allows changing the basic interface port settings...

Page 113: ...e basic interface settings Tap on the More button to access all settings Network block displays and allows changing the basic test settings Tap on the More button to access all settings Remote operation mode allows selecting the remote operation mode Tap on the button to change the remote operation mode Remote block displays and allows changing the basic remote settings Tap on the More button to a...

Page 114: ...t Applications Physical Interface Port Test Application Modify Structure Test Block Clock Block Physical Clock Port Interface Block Arrows Protocol Block Topology Port Status Physical Interface Port Test Application Modify Structure Protocol Block Test Block Clock Block Physical Clock Port Interface Block Arrows Port and TA Status ...

Page 115: ...External Reference Block Physical Interface Port Test Application Modify Structure Test Block Interface Block Arrows Physical External Reference Port Modify Structure Protocol Block Test Block Clock Block Interface Block Physical Interface Port Test Application Arrows Physical Interface Port Test Application Modify Structure Test Block Interface Block Clock Block Arrows ...

Page 116: ...on of the physical port and the signal interface structure Port Status icon and its description for a CFP4 CFP8 QSFP interface is only displayed when validating or if there is an problem as described in the following table Validating transceiver Missing transceiver Invalid transceiver or mismatch with the selected signal interface Valid transceiver matching the selected interface rate This icon is...

Page 117: ...ed TA insertion counter exceeds the module insertion limit A1 A2 B1 B2 Insertion counter approaching the limit Optical transceiver module insertion counter exceeds the insertion counter threshold 90 A1 A2 B1 B2 Insertion limit is reached Optical transceiver module insertion counter exceeds the insertion limit Port A B The battery for the insertion counter is low please contact EXFO Support The bat...

Page 118: ...left or received RX arrow pointing to the right at from the physical EXT CLK port Physical External Reference Port indicates the port signal and direction RX of the selected external reference signal Interface Block displays an overview of the interface settings and status Tap on the interface block to change the settings and to see detailed status For Dual Port topology there is an interface bloc...

Page 119: ... status Tap on the clock area to change the settings and to see detailed status For Dual Port topology the clock block is not present but the clock is set to Internal External Reference Block displays an overview of the external reference signal settings and status Tap on the external reference area to change the settings and to see detailed status ...

Page 120: ... the selected test and the rates available on the module Test Interface Rate OTN Parallel OTU4 4 Lanes 111 81 Gbit s OTU3e2 4 Lanes 44 583 Gbit s OTU3e1 4 Lanes 44 571 Gbit s OTU3 4 Lanes 43 018 Gbit s OTN Serial OTU2 10 709 Gbit s OTU1e 11 049 Gbit s OTU2e 11 096 Gbit s OTU1f 11 270 Gbit s OTU2f 11 318 Gbit s OTU1 2 666 Gbit s SONET OC 192 9 953 Gbit s OC 48 2 488 Gbit s OC 12 622 08 Mbit s OC 3 ...

Page 121: ...b OTU3e2 4 Lanes 44 583 Gbit s OTU3e1 4 Lanes 44 571 Gbit s OTU3 4 Lanes 43 018 Gbit s Port 2 QSFPb OTU2 10 709 Gbit s OTU1e 11 049 Gbit s OTU2e 11 096 Gbit s OTU1f 11 270 Gbit s OTU2f 11 318 Gbit s OC 192 9 953 Gbit s STM 64 9 953 Gbit s Port 1 SFP c Port 1 SFP OTU1 2 666 Gbit s OC 48 2 488 Gbit s OC 12 622 08 Mbit s OC 3 155 520 Mbit s OC 1 51 840 Mbit s STM 16 2 488 Gbit s STM 4 622 080 Mbit s ...

Page 122: ... Bantam RJ48C E1 2 048 Mbit s Bantam BNC RJ48C DS3 44 736 Mbit s E3 34 368 Mbit s E4 139 264 Mbit s BNC a Availability of connectors depend on the model b This port accepts QSFP or QSFP28 transceivers c Port 2 is used with OC 192 STM 64 in Decoupled TX RX mode Interface Rate Connectora 8870 8880 88200NGE ...

Page 123: ...llel interfaces allows the selection of the test framing type For serial interfaces Multi Channel OTN OTN BERT and SONET SDH BERT test applications the Framing is set to Framed For OTN SONET SDH BERT test application the test is framed Framed default A single Pattern or Ethernet client applied toward the physical lanes 20 Unframed Logical Lanes Independent test pattern in each logical lane Availab...

Page 124: ...m 112 88000 Series Modify Structure Button 4 Unframed Physical Lanes Independent test pattern in each physical lane Available with OTU3 4 Lanes 43 018 Gbit s OTU3e1 4 Lanes 44 571 Gbit s OTU3e2 4 Lanes 44 583 Gbit s and OTU4 4 Lanes 111 81 Gbit s ...

Page 125: ...ultiplexing field is not displayed Refer to Modify Trib Slots Channels on page 240 for test mapping selection and Multi Channel OTN on page 44 for supported path mapping Interface Rate OTN Multiplexing OTU1 2 666 Gbit s ODU1 ODU1 ODU0 OTU2 10 709 Gbit s ODU2 ODU2 ODU1 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0 ODU2 ODU0 ODU2 ODUflex OTU1e 11 049 Gbit s ODU1e OTU2e 11 096 Gbit s ODU2e OTU1f 11 270 Gbit s ODU1f OTU2f 11 318 Gb...

Page 126: ...ult ODU4 ODU3 ODU4 ODU3 ODU2a ODU4 ODU3 ODU2 ODU1a ODU4 ODU3 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU3 ODU1a ODU4 ODU3 ODU0a ODU4 ODU2 ODU4 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU2 ODU1a ODU4 ODU2 ODU0a ODU4 ODU2 ODUflexa ODU4 ODU1 ODU4 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU0 ODU4 ODU2ea ODU4 ODU1ea ODU4 ODUflexa a Only available on 88200NGE Interface Rate OTN Multiplexing ...

Page 127: ...T SDH ODU4 ODU3a ODU3 a Only available on 88200NGE OC 768 STM 256 ODU4 ODU3 ODU2a ODU4 ODU2a ODU3 ODU2 ODU2 OC 192 STM 64 ODU4 ODU3 ODU2 ODU1a ODU4 ODU3 ODU1a ODU4 ODU2 ODU1a ODU4 ODU1a ODU3 ODU2 ODU1 ODU3 ODU1 ODU2 ODU1 ODU1 OC 48 STM 16 ODU4 ODU3 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU3 ODU0a ODU4 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU2 ODU0a ODU4 ODU1 ODU0a ODU4 ODU0a ODU3 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0 ODU3 ODU1 ODU0 ODU3 ODU0 ODU2 ODU1 ...

Page 128: ... AU 4 4c AU 4 AU 4 TU 3 AU 4 TU 12 AU 4 TU 11 AU 3 AU 3 TU 12 AU 3 TU 11 OC 48 STS 48c STS 12c STS 3c STS 1 STS 1 VT2 STS 1 VT1 5 STM 16 AU 4 16c AU 4 4c AU 4 AU 4 TU 3 AU 4 TU 12 AU 4 TU 11 AU 3 AU 3 TU 12 AU 3 TU 11 OC 12 STS 12c STS 3c STS 1 STS 1 VT2 STS 1 VT1 5 STM 4 AU 4 4c AU 4 AU 4 TU 3 AU 4 TU 12 AU 4 TU 11 AU 3 AU 3 TU 12 AU 3 TU 11 OC 3 STS 3c STS 1 STS 1 VT2 STS 1 VT1 5 STM 1 AU 4 AU 4...

Page 129: ...ows the selection of either Pattern default or an EoOTN 1 GbE 10 GbE 40 GbE 100 GbE or Ethernet flex GFP F client The client is set to Pattern for OTU1f OTU2f OTU3e1 OTU3e2 parallel interfaces rates as well as for Multi Channel OTN OTN SONET SDH BERT and SONET SDH test applications Interface Rate DSn PDH Multiplexing DS3 None default DS1 E1 DS1 None E4 None default E3 E3 E2 E1 E3 None default E2 E...

Page 130: ... Channel OTN Coupled TX RX uses the same settings for both the TX and RX signals Decoupled TX RX supported with SONET SDH BERT on 8870 8880 module DSn PDH BERT and SONET SDH DSn PDH test applications uses independent settings for TX and RX signals However the pattern and some other parameters are always coupled Through loops the RX signal to the TX port without TX overwrite capabilities ...

Page 131: ...tton Through Intrusive loops the RX signal to the TX port with TX overwrite capabilities Only available with OTN rates Dual RX uses two DS1 or DS3 signals at the same time Both RX ports are coupled at the exception of the termination mode Only available with DS1 and DS3 signal rates ...

Page 132: ...0M Electricald a Only available for EtherBERT b Only available for RFC 2544 EtherBERT Traffic Gen Mon and Smart Loopback c Not available with RFC 6349 test application d Also available as a second port when the test application requires two ports Ethernet 10 100 1000 Mbit s electrical is supported when using an active copper SFP Carrier Ethernet OAM 10GE WAN 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical 10 10...

Page 133: ...n of the network configuration parameters will be available on the Primary Port only Connector allows the selection of the module s port Interface Rate Connectora a Availability of connectors depend on the model 8870 8880 88200NGE 88260 88400NGE 400GE 8 Lanes 425 Gbit s Port 1 CFP8 100GE 4 Lanes 103 125 Gbit s Port 1 CFP4 Port 2 QSFPb b This port accepts QSFP or QSFP28 transceivers 40GE 4 Lanes 41...

Page 134: ... 100GE dual port topology and for 400GE test Framed Layer 1 Frame of x bytes that allows connection to any interface that complies with 802 3 Ethernet PHY or DWDM fibre Available with rate up to 10G WAN Framed Layer 2 Frames of x1 bytes without network layer None that complies with IEEE 802a Ethernet II standard Framed Layer 3 4 default Frames of x1 bytes with UDP default or TCP network layer that...

Page 135: ...oded For PRBS31 Unscrambled available with 10G LAN and 25G the pattern is generated at the PCS layer The pattern is not encoded and not scrambled For PRBS and User Pattern Pattern generated by the PCS scrambler The pattern is encoded Unframed is only available with optical interface up to 10G LAN Encoded pattern generated by the PCS scrambler Unframed with Sync is only available with optical inter...

Page 136: ...ength test pattern in each PCS lane no blocks and no lane markers Available with 100GE 4 Lanes 4 Unframed XLAUI Independent infinite length test pattern in each XLAUI lane no blocks Available with 40GE 4 Lanes 4 Unframed CAUI 4 Independent infinite length test pattern in each CAUI 4 lane no blocks Available with 100GE 4 Lanes ...

Page 137: ...ble Note The Transparent mode is intended to be used for point to point topology not for switched or routed networks Use the Transparent mode with caution because all received frames are looped back without discrimination Topology allows the selection of the network test topology Single Port default or Dual Port Dual Port is only available with EtherSAM RFC 2544 and Traffic Gen Mon for rates up to...

Page 138: ...face rate Choices depend on the selected test and the rates available on the module Test Interface Rate 1588 PTP SyncE 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical 10 100 1000M Electricala a The 10M rate is not available for Wander test application Wander 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical 10 100 1000M Electricala DS1 1 544 Mbit s E1 2 048 Mbit s 10 MHz 2 MHz 1PPS ...

Page 139: ...e Interface Rate Connectora a Availability of connectors depend on the model 8870 8880 88200NGE 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical Port 1 SFP Port 2 SFP b b Not available with Wander Port 1 SFP 10 100 1000M Electrical Port 1 RJ45 Port 1 SFP RJ45 c c Ethernet 10 100 1000 Mbit s electrical is supported when using an active copper SFP 10 MHz 2 MHz 1PPS BNC Port labelled TX RX2 RJ48C ...

Page 140: ...Interface Rate choices depend on the rates available on the module Connector allows the selection of the module s port available for the selected interface rate see above table Interface Rate Connectora a Availability of connectors depend on the model 8870 8880 88200NGE 1X 2X 4X 8X 10X Port 1 SFP Port 2 SFP Port 1 SFP 16X ...

Page 141: ...rt available for the selected interface rate see table above Framing Framed L2 default is mainly used to validate connectivity with the base station REC or remote radio head RE over the fiber interface Unframed is mainly used to validate the continuity of the dark fiber at CPRI or OBSAI 3 1 Gbit s rate Interface Rate Connectora a Availability of connectors depend on the model 8870 8880 88200NGE CP...

Page 142: ...RRH For OBSAI it initiates the State Machine events and provides synchronization with the RRH Remote Radio Head is used to validate the communication with a base station For CPRI it begins its start up sequence when it detects a valid signal from the base station For OBSAI the State Machine events depend on the Base Station signal transmission Topology allows the selection of the network test topo...

Page 143: ...he test is stopped when Loopback is not activated for NI CSU Emulation test Note Test Pattern is not detected with NI CSU Emulation test application During the detection process the following messages may be displayed Detecting Successful and or Failed When the auto detection is successful the detected parameters are automatically applied as the test interface configuration Upon detection of speci...

Page 144: ... communicate with the Grand Master clock 0 to 255 However the standard values are 4 default to 23 for G 8265 1 and 24 default to 43 for G 8275 1 Framing is not selectable and is set to UDP IPv4 for G 8265 1 and Ethernet for G 8275 1 Mode is not configurable and is set to Unicast for G 8265 1 and Multicast for G 8275 1 Unicast implies a dedicated communication link between the master and the slave ...

Page 145: ...sed by the 1588 PTP function to communicate with the Grand Master clock Refer to Delay Request Response on page 697 for more information Delay Mode is not selectable and is set to Two way which uses Sync Follow Up Delay Request and Delay Response messages Connect1 button is used to initiate the Grand Master Connection process This process is also automatically initiated when starting the test if n...

Page 146: ...quest determines the transmission interval of the Delay Request messages 1 msg 16s 1 msg 8s 1 msg 4s 1 msg 2s default 1 msg s 2 msg s 4 msg s or 8 msg s 16 msg s default for G 8275 1 32 msg s default for G 8265 1 64 msg s or 128 msg s The Delay Request message rate is limited by the Sync rate selection the Delay Request message rate is automatically updated to be smaller than or equal to the Sync ...

Page 147: ... reports the identity type of the PTP port GM Identity reports the clock identity of the Grand Master Clock Priority 1 reports the priority 1 attribute of the Grand Master Cock Priority 2 reports the priority 2 attribute of the Grand Master Clock Steps Removed reports the number of communication paths crossed between the local clock and the Grand master Clock Log Message Interval Announce reports ...

Page 148: ... Source reports the source of time used by the Grand Master Clock Code Description 0 5 8 12 15 51 53 57 59 67 123 132 171 186 188 192 194 215 233 247 249 254 Reserved 6 Sync to primary reference 7 14 Holdover 13 Sync to application specific reference 52 58 187 193 Degraded 68 to 79 81 109 odd values 11 122 133 170 216 232 Alternate PTP profiles 80 110 even values a a Refer to QL table on page 448 ...

Page 149: ...Threshold defines the inter packet delay variation threshold used to raise the Unusable message alarm The alarm is raised when IPDV is not within the configured IPDV Threshold 0 001 to 1000ms default is 2ms The minimum value of 0 001 is adjusted when the Sync or Delay Req is set to 4 messages s or less Quality Level The quality level characterizes the clock quality in terms of network synchronizat...

Page 150: ...ail verdict is based on the following criteria alarms Link Down Loss Sync Loss Announce Unusable G 8265 1 and or QL Mismatch when QL Mismatch Monitoring is enabled or the test is automatically aborted service request denied session canceled or no reply for G 8265 1 sync message rate changed for G 8275 1 Restore 1588 PTP Defaults Reverts the 1588 PTP test application to its default factory settings...

Page 151: ...o pattern allows the selection of the transmission rate Unit choices are Kbit s Mbit s and Gbit s default Coupled RX to TX check box when selected default allows coupling both the TX and RX signal with the same test pattern For a framed test the Coupled RX to TX check box is selected and cannot be cleared For an unframed test the Coupled RX to TX check box is selectable selected by default when Al...

Page 152: ...and Square Wave 16 zeros onesc b Not available with OTU4 4 Unframed Physical Lanes c Square Wave patterns are only available when the All Lanes check box is selected Not available with 20 Unframed Physical Lanes and OTU4 4 Unframed Physical Lanes OTN SONET SDH BERT SONET SDH BERT PRBS9 PRBS11 PRBS15 PRBS20 PRBS23 PRBS31 1111 1100 1010 0000 1in8 1in16 2in8 and User Pattern EtherBERT unframed PRBS9 ...

Page 153: ...interface When selected it allows setting the same TX and or RX test pattern for all lanes When All Lanes check box is cleared default a different test pattern may be set for each lane When the All Lanes check box is cleared for an unframed test the following pattern settings are available for each lane TX Pattern RX Pattern Select the test pattern from the list see page 140 for each lane and dire...

Page 154: ...rate allowed before declaring a fail verdict 1 0E 14 to 1 9E 01 The default value is 1 0E 12 Service Disruption The Service Disruption Time SDT corresponds to the duration associated to a defect that occurred in the network For example a disruption that occurs during a network switching from the active channels to the backup channels or vice versa Note The service disruption measurements are clear...

Page 155: ...P SONET VT TU Path AIS V TU AIS LOP V TU LOP UNEQ V LP UNEQ RDI V LP RDI REI V LP REI BIP 2 DS1 AIS OOF RAI Framing Bit CRC 6 DS3 AIS OOF Idle RDI F Bit C Bit P Bit FEBE E1 AIS CRC 4 E Bit LOMF TS16 AIS LOF FAS RAI RAI MF E4 E3 E2 AIS LOF FAS RAI OTLb LOF OOF LOL LOR OOR Inv Marker FAS FEC FEC CORR FEC UNCORR OTUkc AIS LOF OOF LOM OOM BDI IAE BIAE BIP 8 BEI FAS MFAS ODUkc AIS OCI LCK BDI BIP 8 BEI...

Page 156: ...ict 0 001 to 299999 999 ms default is 50 ms For EtherBERT the minimum value is adjusted with respect to the No Traffic Time Multi Pattern Configuration Note Only available for DSN PDH BERT test application with DS1 signal DS0 disabled and when the pattern is Multi Pattern This feature allows sending each pattern for a specific duration sequentially and continuously Pattern represents a sequence of...

Page 157: ... the unit used for cable length and distance to fault results Meter default or Feet PoE check box when selected cleared by default allows verifying that the Power Sourcing Equipment PSE is capable to deliver appropriate power PoE to the Powered Device PD The PoE test is performed after the cable test is executed confirming that the cable is ready to carry data and power either the Wire Map test re...

Page 158: ...een the fastest and slowest pairs of a 1000 Base T signal 0 to 120 ns default is 50 ns Length Threshold m is the maximum acceptable cable length 0 to 120 m 0 to 394 feet default is 100 m 328 ft PoE Loaded Voltage Thresholds V available when the PoE check box is selected allows the configuration of the acceptable voltage range when a load is applied minimum value is either 37 default for Class 0 to...

Page 159: ...QSFP SFP SFP SFP28 CFP4 CFP8 QSFP SFP SFP SFP28 This tab gives hardware information related to the inserted transceiver module From the Test menu tap Setup Test Configurator tap on the interface block or on the Local block for iSAM and on the CFP4 CFP8 QSFP SFP SFP SFP28 tab ...

Page 160: ...ced to Recovered for 1GE electrical interface using Slave local clock see Local Clock on page 185 External Clock signal from the EXT CLK port Backplane Clock from another module on the platform only supported on FTB 2 and FTB 2 Pro platforms The other module must support the backplane clock feature and must be enabled Not available when the Backplane Clock check box is selected see page 153 The Ba...

Page 161: ...her indicates that the BNC connector type is used for the clock or on 8880 allows the selection of Bantam or RJ48C when the BNC connector is used by the test application The module connector blue LED used for Ext Clock In is flashing Termination mode specifies how the module is connected to the synchronization signal The Termination mode is set to TERM for 2MHz and configurable for DS1 and E1 For ...

Page 162: ...ction of the interface line coding For DS1 AMI and B8ZS default For E1 AMI and HDB3 default Framing Allows the selection of the interface framing For DS1 SF SLC 96 and ESF default For E1 PCM30 default PCM30 CRC 4 PCM31 and PCM31 CRC 4 Frequency MHz displays the frequency of the received signal rate Offset ppm displays the positive or negative frequency offset between the standard rate specificatio...

Page 163: ...8880 either indicates that the BNC connector type is used for the clock or on 8880 allows the selection of Bantam or RJ48C when the BNC connector is used by the test application LBO Line Build Out available with DS1 only allows the selection of the interface Line Build Out that meets the interface requirements over the full range of cable lengths DSX 1 0 133 ft default DSX 1 133 266 ft DSX 1 266 3...

Page 164: ...Hz on page 133 Frequency MHz displays the frequency of the clock generated on the REF OUT port based on the test interface rate1 and divider ratio as follows 1 For parallel interfaces the REF OUT signal is derived from the interface lane rate Interface Rate Divider Ratio 1 8a a Only available with CFP4 and QSFP28 transceivers 1 16 1 40a 1 160a OC 192 STM 64 10G WAN 622 08 MHz 10G LAN 40GE 644 5313...

Page 165: ...d on FTB 2 and FTB 2 Pro platforms when the Clock Mode is set to External Recovered or Internal Backplane Clock check box when selected cleared by default makes available the source clock Clock Synchronization Clock Mode to other modules on the platform Other modules on the platform need to set the Clock Mode as Backplane to use this clock The Backplane Clock should be only enabled on one module o...

Page 166: ... is as follows Internal Internal clock of the unit STRATUM 3 Recovered Line clock from the input port signal involved in the test External Clock signal from the EXT CLK port Backplane Clock from another module on the platform only supported on FTB 2 and FTB 2 Pro platforms The other module must support the backplane clock feature and must be enabled The Backplane clock cannot be shared between FTB...

Page 167: ... red arrow indicates alarms at the PCS level the link is down The Local Fault Detected Local Fault Received Remote Fault LOA OTU4 Hi BER OTU4 LOBL1027B OTU3 Hi BER1027B OTU3 and LOAML1027B OTU3 alarms are displayed Refer to Ethernet on page 359 Ethernet PCS Lanes on page 364 and Transcoding on page 405 for more information Restore Test Application Defaults Reverts the current test application to i...

Page 168: ...and User Pattern Pattern is not configurable and set to PRBS31 for 40 100GE dual port topology and for 400GE test When User Pattern is selected enter the payload pattern hexadecimal value Invert check box when selected cleared by default inverts the generated expected test pattern meaning that every 0 will be changed for 1 and every 1 for 0 For example the pattern 1100 will be sent as 0011 Bit Pat...

Page 169: ...rdict 0 default to 999999 For Rate enter the maximum bit pattern error rate allowed before declaring a fail verdict 1 0E 14 to 1 9E 01 The default value is 1 0E 12 2 1E 5 for CLR4 unframed 5 0E 5 for SR4 CWDM4 and Other unframed CPRI OBSAI Note Available with CPRI OBSAI BERT test application with Framed L2 Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the pass fail verdict A pass verdi...

Page 170: ...available with CPRI OBSAI Disruption Monitoring check box when selected disabled by default enables the disruption time measurements However the measurement will only start if the test is already started or when the test will be started Note Clearing the Disruption Monitoring check box will stop the measurement without clearing the results The disruption monitoring is automatically stopped without...

Page 171: ...bytes when the Latency Tag check box is selected Latency Tag Insertion Note Only available with FC BERT Round trip latency measures the average round trip latency delay between the time the data was transmitted and received Latency Tag check box when selected enables latency measurements Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected enables the pass fail verdict and allows setting the Round Trip Laten...

Page 172: ...n 100 percent by default Mbit s Gbit s Frame s or IFG for Ethernet Mbit s Gbit s MB s or for Fibre Channel For Ethernet the maximum percentage is 105 percent depending on the frame size selected Enable TX check box is automatically selected when starting the test allowing stream client generation The Enable TX check box may also be selected or cleared while the test is running Not available for FC...

Page 173: ...frame size 1518 in switched network may result in losing all frames 1 The minimum frame size will be adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected 2 The maximum frame size is limited to 10000 for 10 100 1000Mbps electrical interface Component Description VLAN 4 bytes per VLAN up to 3 VLAN for EtherBERT test application and only 1 VLAN for EoOTN client EoE Header 16 bytes EoE VL...

Page 174: ...is the destination MAC address for the stream The default setting is the MAC address of the port Tap the Destination MAC Address field if the stream MAC address has to be changed and enter the new MAC address VLAN ID check box when selected cleared by default allows the configuration of the following VLAN parameters Selecting the VLAN check box affects the Frame Size value VLAN ID sets the VLAN ID...

Page 175: ...rder from left to right Refill Delay represents the pre burst recuperation time in percentage that is equal to the remaining percentage not used by the post burt time Refill Delay Ratio Burst Frames represents the burst frame ratio in percentage that is equal to the substraction of 100 Burst IR Frame Ratio Refill Delay represents the post burst recuperation time in percentage that is equal to the ...

Page 176: ...t CIR EIR rate for the EBS test The Burst IR Frame Ratio is configurable from 10 to 90 percent 90 percent is the default as well as the standard s recommended percentage value Table Note Test time values are only displayed for enabled services Service No indicates the service number Service Name indicates the name of the service Direction available with Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology indicate...

Page 177: ...ed indicates that there is no connection established with a remote module NAT LAN WAN and WAN IP indicate presence of NAT Network Address Translation router The NAT router is automatically detected and graphically displayed with LAN WAN indication as well as the WAN IP address when the module is behind a NAT router Note When there is a NAT at the Remote site it is required to create UDP TCP port 6...

Page 178: ...he throughput is increased incrementally in steps until the CIR level is reached During the first stage the maximum Jitter Latency Frame Loss and throughput are measured and are compared to the SLA thresholds to declare a pass fail verdict In the second stage of the test when the CIR EIR check box is selected see SLA Parameters on page 285 the throughput is increased to the CIR EIR level to compar...

Page 179: ... are compared to the SLA thresholds to declare a pass fail verdict For EBS the throughput is compared to the SLA thresholds to declare a pass fail verdict The burst test procedure is generated for each enabled service Service Performance Test check box when selected default verifies that the SLA parameters see SLA Parameters on page 285 are met over time by running multiple services simultaneously...

Page 180: ...ass fail verdict is given for the EtherSAM test Service Configuration and Service performance for each service The pass fail verdict is based on the following criteria Frame Loss Max Jitter Round Trip Latency and Average RX Rate Latency Measurement Mode available with Dual Test Set for rates from 10M to 10GE allows the selection of the latency measurement mode Round Trip default or One Way Synchro...

Page 181: ...s are as per each service configuration CIR CIR EIR and Traffic Policing steps are part of the step list as soon as they are enabled for at least one service even if that service is not enabled Dynamic Ramp The graphic displays the percentage of each CIR level step in time Step Time The step time is the test duration for each ramp step 5 default to 60 seconds Ramp Duration The ramp duration indica...

Page 182: ...urator Timer and System 170 88000 Series EtherSAM Ramp Delete Step Allows deleting a step from the ramp Select the step from the list and tap on Delete Defaults Reverts the ramp configuration to its default factory settings ...

Page 183: ... Ext Reference In Allow the selection of the reference signal for TE TIE measurements Signal allows the selection of the reference interface 2 MHz 10 MHz and 1PPS Only 1PPS reference is available for 1PPS interface rate test Ext Ref In on a green background indicates that a valid reference is received LOS on a red background indicates that the received signal is not valid Connector indicates the c...

Page 184: ...pology after a successful login Buffer to Buffer Flow Control Buffer to Buffer BB Flow Control also called Flow Control Management manages the control of data traffic between the local and remote fibre channel ports based on the network distance and traffic congestion Each remote port advertises the buffer size BB_Credit during the login Enable check box when selected allows setting or use buffers...

Page 185: ...when the Login Enable check box is selected The Login button initiates a log in when not logged in while the Re Login re initiates a log in after changing the BB_Credit and or WWN when already logged in The capability to login is available only with Framed Layer 2 FC 2 when a successful link has been established There are two Login processes supported by Fibre Channel Port Login PLOGI and Fabric L...

Page 186: ...nning not completed yet Logged out default indicates that the system has not logged in yet or has received a valid Logout command from the remote port Port Status indicates the state of the port login process Logged in indicates that the login process has completed successfully Failed indicates that the login process is not completed successfully or an error has been detected In Progress indicates...

Page 187: ...ecrement Size or directly type the frequency offset value in the field The range is 120 ppm for Ethernet test applications and 50 ppm for Transport Framed and 120 ppm for Transport Unframed test applications Step Size ppm allows setting the increment decrement value from 0 1 to either 50 or 120 depending on the test configuration that will be used when changing the frequency offset with the or but...

Page 188: ...lowing background colors are used Max Negative Offset ppm indicates the maximum negative frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate from the received signal Max Positive Offset ppm indicates the maximum positive frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate from the received signal Note Refer to Interface on page 374 for more information on standa...

Page 189: ...terface block and on the FTFL PT tab For Multi Channel OTN From the Test menu tap Setup Test Configurator tap on either the interface block and on the PT tab to configure the higher ODU layer the test block ODU Channels and on the PT tab to configure the lower ODU layer ODUx Buttons Tap on an ODUx button to select the multiplexed level Not available with Multi Channel OTN lower ODU level ...

Page 190: ...nged and vice versa Operator Identifier allows editing the Operator Identifier to be generated bytes 1 to 9 for forward bytes 129 to 137 for backward 9 characters allowed By default no Operator Identifier is defined Operator Specific allows editing the Operator Specific to be generated bytes 10 to 127 for forward bytes 138 to 255 for backward 118 characters allowed By default no Operator Specific ...

Page 191: ... hexadecimal 00 to FF Expected Allows selecting the expected payload signal type Note Codes not listed in the table are reserved for future standardization Reserved For International Standardization 1 Only available with Through Intrusive topology and applies only to the ODU top layer Payload type Hex Code MSB 1234 LSB 5678 Reserved for International Standardizationa 00 0000 0000 Experimental mapp...

Page 192: ...mapping into ODUflex 14 0001 0100 ODU Multiplex with ODTUjk 20 0010 0000 ODU Multiplex with ODTUk ts ODTUjk 21 0010 0001 Not Availableb 55 0101 0101 Reserved Codes for Proprietary Usec 80 1000 0000 NULL Test Signal mapping FD 1111 1101 PRBS Test Signal mapping FE 1111 1110 a Selecting Reserved for International Standardization will use the hexadecimal code 00 but all codes not listed in the previo...

Page 193: ...agement Frames payload FCS enables the presence of the payload FCS for the management frames The CMF pFCS check box is automatically cleared when injecting FDI or RDI alarms EXI Extension Header Identifier allows the selection of the type of GFP Extension Header Choices are Null 0000 Default and Linear 0001 EXI is only configurable with Ethernet flex GFP F client CID Channel IDentifier selects the...

Page 194: ...incoming data to provide a status gray arrow Note Refer to Ethernet on page 359 Ethernet PCS on page 362 and PHY on page 400 for more information on alarms For 25GE framed Ethernet interface RS FEC check box when selected default enables the use of the RS FEC For 100GE 4 Lanes framed Ethernet interface RS FEC check box when selected default enables the use of the RS FEC The RS FEC check box must b...

Page 195: ... is available when FEC Degraded SER is enabled and allows setting the threshold values used to raise and clear the Local Degraded SER Detected alarm The alarm is raised when the number of symbol errors is higher than the Activate Threshold Symbols defined The alarm is cleared when the number of symbol errors is lower than the Deactivate Threshold Symbols defined Interval CW defines the number of c...

Page 196: ...359 and Ethernet PCS Lanes on page 364 for more information Auto Negotiation check box is available with 10 100 1000M Electrical and 1GE Optical interfaces When the Auto Negotiation check box is selected the test application indicates to the remote port which parameters to use The Auto Negotiation check box is automatically selected not configurable for 1GE Electrical interface and when using an a...

Page 197: ...le TX Enable RX Enable RX and TX None default and Auto1 When the Flow Control is set to None pause frames received are ignored Availability of choices depend on test applications Cable Mode is available with 10 100 1000M Electrical interface Availability of choices depend on the test application Manual mode is selected when the Auto Negotiation check box is cleared and allows selecting the type of...

Page 198: ... B Protocol C L2 C M D Vendor E Operation F or Passive G Frame Sync indicates the synchronization status green for active red for inactive or gray for pending Protocol defines how the CPRI Startup Sequence negotiates the protocol version Auto can use protocol Version 1 and Version 2 during the negotiation Version 1 negotiates the protocol with Scrambling disabled Available with all supported CPRI ...

Page 199: ...thernet Subchannel during the negotiation process HDLC Z 66 0 byte is set to rrrr r000 as it is disabled Disabled Both HDLC Rates and Ethernet Subchannel are disabled to simulate a Passive Link Ethernet Z 194 0 byte is set to rr00 0000 and HDLC Z 66 0 byte is set to rrrr r000 Only available with Base Station emulation mode C M table indicates either the received HDLC or Ethernet or negotiated Auto...

Page 200: ...negotiation completes but no actual bit rate is reported as it is unknown Similarly if an equipment vendor uses an invalid rate as per the CPRI Standard during the negotiation process this rate is reported as Unspecified Code where Code is a decimal value representing an invalid rate based on the configured interface rate For Ethernet Indicates the bit rate corresponding to the selected Subchannel...

Page 201: ...ces the TX State Machine to Idle state and when cleared default allows the TX State Machine to operate normally Scrambling check box when selected default enables the scrambler Only available with OBSAI 6 1 Gbit s rate TX Seed is the start value of the scrambler training process 0x01 default to 0x7F limited to the Seed values defined in the standard RX Seed is the current seed value detected Frame...

Page 202: ...ck box when selected cleared by default enables the monitoring of the mismatch between the Source and received Peer Target addresses RP3 Message OBSAI Framed L2 Type identifies the type of RP3 Data Message generated by the OBSAI node WCDMA FDD 00010 default LTE 01110 GSM EDGE 00100 and 802 16 01100 Msg Grp Frame N_MG indicates the number of Message Group per Frame parameter Msg Grp M_MG indicates ...

Page 203: ...O 10GigE Note J0 and J1 values should be 7 bit T 50 suitable characters The Padding drop list from the message keyboard allows selecting Null or Space to fill up the J0 Trace and J1 Trace up to15 byte value The Control Characters button in the J0 Trace and J1 Trace message keyboard allows selecting the required character For more details on Control Characters see page 40 Path Signal Label C2 byte ...

Page 204: ...tected wavelength when supported by the transceiver RX Power dBm indicates when supported the current received power level of the optical laser lane in dBm Green Power level in range Yellow Power level out of range Red Loss of signal or power level is close to damage Gray Invalid operational range value or not available supplied by the transceiver Min RX Power dBm indicates when supported the mini...

Page 205: ...the setting for all optical lanes when the All Lanes check box is selected Laser check box when selected indicates that the corresponding optical laser lane is activated and emitting an optical laser signal Lasers OFF at Start Up check box when selected automatically turns OFF the laser for serial interfaces or all lasers for parallel interfaces when starting the module or when switching from one ...

Page 206: ...vailable with OBSAI CPRI in RRH emulation mode RFC 6349 test application Offset ppm check box when selected cleared by default allows setting the frequency offset that will be generated 120 ppm for all Ethernet rates at the exception of 10GE WAN which is 50 ppm not supported for 10M electrical Use the or button to respectively increment or decrement the frequency offset value based on the defined ...

Page 207: ... frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate at the input signal Note For both Frequency and Offset the following background colors are used Max Offset ppm Negative indicates the maximum negative frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate from the received signal Positive indicates the maximum positive frequency offset between the standard rate ...

Page 208: ... of the mapped payloads Generated Select the C2 byte from the list Selecting a C2 byte value will automatically update the OH C2 selection and vice versa Refer to C2 on page 599 for more information PLM P UNEQ P HP PLM HP UNEQ Enables the Payload Mismatch and STS AU UNEQ monitoring This setting is coupled with the configuration of Traces SONET SDH on page 527 Expected Select the expected C2 byte f...

Page 209: ...97 Labels PLM V UNEQ V LP PLM LP UNEQ Enables the Payload Mismatch and VT TU UNEQ monitoring This setting is coupled with the configuration on the Labels on page 427 Expected Select the expected V5 byte from the list Refer to V5 on page 602 for more information ...

Page 210: ...ddress 01 80 C2 00 00 02 Default check box when cleared default is selected allows the configuration of the OAM PDU destination MAC address 00 00 00 00 00 00 to FF FF FF FF FF FF Pass Fail Verdict Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the use of the pass fail verdict A global fail verdict is declared when any of the following condition is met Link Down any Link OAM alarm Remote...

Page 211: ...button allows respectively Looping Up Enable or Looping Down Disable Status Description Evaluating OAM discovery is started Stable OAM discovery is completed Local OAM is satisfied with the remote OAM settings Unsatisfied OAM discovery cannot complete successfully Local OAM equipment is unsatisfied with the remote OAM settings Status Description Evaluating OAM discovery is started Stable OAM disco...

Page 212: ...ate or Port choices depend on the rates available on the module For 10GE WAN the test uses the WIS default values for J0 J1 and C2 as defined in WIS Button on page 191 PHY Type allows selecting the 100GE 4 Lanes CFP4 QSFP transceiver PHY type LR4 ER4 default SR4 CWDM4 CLR4 or Other The PHY type when set to any except LR4 ER4 allows enabling RS FEC see page 182 ensure both ends of the circuit have ...

Page 213: ...nterface the Auto Negotiation check box is automatically selected and is not configurable Note When the Auto Negotiation check box is selected the port Speed can be set This setting is not applied immediately to the port it is used only when the negotiation process is started and takes effect only when the auto negotiation succeeds However the current setting is applied immediately to the port whe...

Page 214: ...s automatically turning off all lasers when starting the module or when switching from one test application of the same group Ethernet or Transport to another This check box is cleared by default MAC Address indicates the default and unique Media Access Control MAC address given to the Ethernet port VLAN ID Priority check box when selected cleared by default enables C VLAN with VLAN Ethernet type ...

Page 215: ... source IP address for the stream The default setting is 10 10 x y where x and y are respectively the two least significant bytes of the port default MAC address Subnet Mask allows entering the Subnet Mask for the stream The default setting is 255 255 0 0 Default Gateway check box when selected cleared by default allows entering a default Gateway IP address When the Default Gateway check box is se...

Page 216: ...configuration of up to 16 different streams Select the stream to be configured by either using the left right arrow or by tapping over the stream numbers area then tapping on a specific stream number Service Selection EtherSAM The EtherSAM test application supports the configuration of up to 10 different services Select the service to be configured by either using the left right arrow or by tappin...

Page 217: ...ack LBM messages via LBR is required at the remote Only available with EtherSAM for rates up to 10G WAN Not available in Dual Test Set and Dual Port topology Provider Encapsulation is available with single port EtherBERT Framed Layer 2 and Traffic Gen Mon test applications at rates of 10GE 40GE and 100GE Choices are None No encapsulation EoE Ethernet over Ethernet encapsulation PBB TE Provider Bac...

Page 218: ...s to be transmitted and received Only available with EtherSAM and Traffic Gen Mon test applications Not available when using Provider Encapsulation Not available with EtherSAM when the S OAM check box is selected VLAN The VLAN Tag check box when selected cleared by default enables up to 3 stacked VLAN up to 2 staked VLAN when using Provider Encapsulation 1 Not available with EtherSAM when the S OA...

Page 219: ...lected as the Provider Encapsulation see Modify Frame Structure on page 205 Source EoE MAC Address indicates and allows changing when the Factory Default check box is cleared the default EoE Media Access Control MAC address The default setting is 0E 01 00 xx xx xx Destination EoE MAC Address allows entering the destination EoE MAC address for the stream The default setting is 0E 01 00 00 00 01 EoE...

Page 220: ...lt 0x9200 and 0x9300 Drop Eligible when set to Yes DEI 1 the transmitted frames will be dropped first on receipt when congestion occurs under test Drop Eligible is not available when VLAN type is 0x8100 This parameter is set to No by default TTL Time To Live choices are 0 to 255 default is 64 ETag Extended Tag choices are 0 to 255 default is 1 ...

Page 221: ...e 205 VLAN ID choices are 0 through 4095 default is 2 Rrefer to VLAN ID and Priority on page 758 for more information Priority choices are 0 default to 7 Refer to VLAN ID and Priority on page 758 for more information Drop Eligible when set to Yes DEI 1 the transmitted frames will be dropped first on receipt when congestion occurs under test This parameter is set to No by default I TAG EtherType 0x...

Page 222: ...s not available when the Network Layer is set to None refer to Modify Frame Structure on page 205 OAM Quick Ping button automatically starts the quick Ping utility for the stream destination MAC address and provides either a successful or failed result The quick Ping uses 3 attempts a delay of 1 second and a Timeout of 5 seconds EtherType is set to the following values by default and is configurab...

Page 223: ... the range set to 0 Flood Range is the range of the least significant bits used for the Source Flooding and or Destination Flooding 2 1 bit 4 2 bits 8 3 bits 16 4 bits up to 16777216 24 bits default VLAN Note VLAN is only available when the VLAN Tag is enabled refer to Modify Frame Structure on page 205 For each VLAN tag enabled C VLAN S VLAN E VLAN the following parameters are configurable VLAN I...

Page 224: ...list of MPLS labels COS allows the selection of the Class Of Service 0 000 Low default 1 001 Low 2 010 Low 3 011 Low 4 100 High 5 101 High 6 110 High 7 111 High TTL allows the selection of the Time to Live value 0 to 255 default is 128 S OAM Note S OAM is only available with EtherSAM when the S OAM check box is selected refer to Modify Frame Structure on page 205 MEG MD Level allows the selection ...

Page 225: ...or IPv6 the following configuration parameters are displayed Source Link Local IPv6 Address and Source Global IPv6 Address Tap on the IPv6 Config button to access all settings Link Local IPv6 Address LLA is used for local communication between on link neighbors and for Neighbor Discovery process Mode Stateless Auto default allows automatic generation of the IPv6 address based on the MAC address St...

Page 226: ...allows selecting the Global IPv6 Address The accepted range is from 0000 0000 0000 0000 Interface ID to FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF Interface ID The default address is 2001 0000 0000 0000 Interface ID where Interface ID is generated from the source MAC address When the Address field is selected for editing using virtual keyboard the Previous IPs button appears allowing the selection of a previously config...

Page 227: ...tomatic selection of the default gateway Static allows entering the default gateway IP address Address available with Static mode allows entering the IP address of the Default Gateway The accepted range is from 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 to FE80 0000 0000 0000 FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF The default address is FE80 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 IPv6 Destination Address allows selecting t...

Page 228: ...k box from MAC on page 210 The Resolve MAC address status is displayed Possible status are Source IP Multiplicator check box when selected cleared by default allows changing the 7 LSB Least Significant bit of the source IP address as specified in the range 1 128 default or 0 127 Subnet Mask IPv4 allows entering the Subnet Mask for the stream The default setting is 255 255 0 0 Not available when th...

Page 229: ...lue will affect the TOS DS Config settings and vice versa TOS DS Config button allows setting the Type of Service or the Differentiated Service parameters TOS DS TOS DS allows selecting either Type Of Service TOS or Differentiated Services DS Binary Hex allows displaying once this pop up is closed the IP TOS DOS value either in binary or hexadecimal Type Of Service available when TOS is selected P...

Page 230: ...S0 default 001000 CS1 010000 CS2 011000 CS3 100000 CS4 101000 CS5 110000 CS6 111000 CS7 001010 AF11 001100 AF12 001110 AF13 010010 AF21 010100 AF22 010110 AF23 011010 AF31 011100 AF32 011110 AF33 100010 AF41 100100 AF42 100110 AF43 101110 EF 110011 51 110110 54 or User Defined User Defined Codes available when User Defined has been selected from the DSCP codepoints allows entering a user defined c...

Page 231: ...35 the default is 49184 Destination Port is configurable from 0 to 65535 the default is 7 echo Payload For RFC 2544 and EtherBERT indicates that the frame structure contains a Payload For Traffic Gen Mon allows the selection of both user defined header and pattern Payload is not configurable when the QoS Metrics Tags Insertion check box is selected see the Global tab User Defined Header check box ...

Page 232: ... for the Primary Port but the configured parameters apply to both ports MAC MAC Address indicates and allows changing when the Factory Default check box is cleared the default and unique Media Access Control MAC address given to the Ethernet port Factory Default check box when selected default indicates that the factory source MAC address is used Frame Format layer 2 allows selecting Ethernet II d...

Page 233: ... dynamically from a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server IP Address1 Enter the IP address of the port The default setting is 10 10 x y where x and y are respectively the two least significant bytes of the port default MAC address Subnet Mask1 Enter the Subnet Mask The default setting is 255 255 000 000 Default Gateway1 check box when selected cleared by default allows entering a default...

Page 234: ...ss Auto default allows automatic generation of the IPv6 address based on the MAC address Static allows entering the IP Address Address available with Static mode allows selecting the Link Local IPv6 Address The accepted range is from FE80 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 to FE80 0000 0000 0000 FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF The default address is FE80 Interface ID where Interface ID is generated from the s...

Page 235: ...llows selecting the Global IPv6 Address The accepted range is from 0000 0000 0000 0000 Interface ID to FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF Interface ID The default address is 2001 0000 0000 0000 Interface ID where Interface ID is generated from the source MAC address When the Address field is selected for editing using virtual keyboard the Previous IPs button appears allowing the selection of a previously configu...

Page 236: ... 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Corresponding Prefix 2001 0DB8 0001 Default Gateway allows the configuration of the default gateway address to forward packets outside the subnet Mode Automatic default allows automatic selection of the default gateway Static allows entering the default gateway IP address Address available with Static mode allows entering the IP address of the Default Gateway The accepted...

Page 237: ... ID and Priority on page 758 for more information Priority VLAN user priority choices are 0 default to 7 Refer to VLAN ID and Priority on page 758 for more information Type VLAN Ethernet Type choices are 0x8100 default for C VLAN 0x88A8 default for S VLAN 0x9100 default for E VLAN 0x9200 and 0x9300 Drop Eligible when set to Yes DEI 1 the transmitted frames will be dropped first on receipt when con...

Page 238: ... rule on this NAT router to allow DTS communication In addition when there is a NAT in both directions L R and R L it is required to create port forwarding rules on the NAT router located at the Remote side for UDP port 7 From the Test menu tap Setup Test Configurator and the More button from the Network block iSAM Layer is the layer used for all services The layer is fixed to L3 L4 when the RFC 6...

Page 239: ...heck box selected Set the Performance Test duration in hh mm format 1 minute to 24 hours default is 10 minutes RFC 6349 Test on Service 1 check box when selected cleared by default verifies that the Ethernet service is able to properly carry TCP traffic Service 1 is used to performed the RFC 6349 test Enabling the RFC 6349 Test on Service 1 automatically set the operation mode to DTS and the layer...

Page 240: ...Profiles are user definable and up to 25 profiles can be predefined see Customizable Profiles on page 233 Profile Parameter Frame Type Frame Sizes VLAN Priority DSCP Performance Criteria Priority EMIX 64 128 512 1024 and 1518a a The minimum frame size value is adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected as shown in the table of Frame Size on page 230 7 CS7b b ECN is not prese...

Page 241: ...bit s check box when selected cleared by default sets the best effort allowed traffic for the service The EIR Excess Information Rate value is equal to the CIR EIR value minus CIR default is 1 5 Mbit s The threshold value is configurable from the defined CIR value for this service to the line rate minus the total CIR from all services Frame Type allows the selection of the frame type and frame siz...

Page 242: ...ed network may result in losing these frames Type Frame Size bytes Fixed default 64a default to 16000b a The minimum value is adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected as shown in the following table b The maximum frame size is limited to 10000 for 10 100 1000Mbps electrical interface EMIX 64a to 16000b Component Description C VLAN 4 bytes UDP 8 bytes Ethernet Header 14 byt...

Page 243: ...4095 default is 2 Refer to VLAN ID and Priority on page 758 VLAN Priority 0 default to 7 Refer to VLAN ID and Priority on page 758 DSCP 000000 CS0 default 001000 CS1 010000 CS2 011000 CS3 100000 CS4 101000 CS5 110000 CS6 111000 CS7 001010 AF11 001100 AF12 001110 AF13 010010 AF21 010100 AF22 010110 AF23 011010 AF31 011100 AF32 011110 AF33 100010 AF41 100100 AF42 100110 AF43 101110 EF 110011 51 1101...

Page 244: ...o 5 default is 0 1 Note The Performance Criteria list is user definable and up to 25 Performance criteria can be created see Customizable Performance Criteria on page 235 Name FD ms IFDV ms FLR MEF Metro High 10 3 0 01 MEF Metro Med 20 8 0 01 MEF Metro Low 37 Disabled 0 1 MEF Regional High 25 8 0 01 MEF Regional Med 75 40 0 01 MEF Regional Low 125 Disabled 0 1 MEF Continental High 77 10 0 025 MEF ...

Page 245: ...ng a word processor like Notepad The file is located under ProgramData EXFO ProtocolProducts or Documents and Settings All Users Application Data EXFO ProtocolProducts depending on the operating system Example of profile s text file Priority Frame Type EMIX Frame Size 64 128 512 1024 1518 VLAN Priority 7 DSCP CS7 Performance Criteria MEF Metro High Best Effort Frame Type EMIX Frame Size 64 128 512...

Page 246: ...th a comma between each entry VLAN Priority1 optional Enter the priority number DSCP1 optional Enter either the DSCP name or its binary value Performance Criteria1 Enter the name of the performance criteria When the Performance Criteria is missing from a profile or is not available from the user profile file the User Performance criteria is used When a parameter is missing from a profile the defau...

Page 247: ...under ProgramData EXFO ProtocolProducts or Documents and Settings All Users Application Data EXFO ProtocolProducts depending on the operating system Example of performance criteria s text file Each profile entry has the following parameters Performance Criteria Name 1 to 16 characters All ASCII characters from 32 to 126 decimal are supported Frame Delay FD Threshold 0 015 ms to 8000 ms Inter Frame...

Page 248: ...ork Details iSAM If the threshold value for a parameter is not defined it is considered as disabled as in the example above for IFDV The value of a parameter is validated to ensure it is within the supported range otherwise the performance criteria entry is unsupported ...

Page 249: ...Refer to Status Bar on page 28 for more information No Pattern Analysis Live check box when cleared default monitors the received traffic pattern For live traffic the No Pattern Analysis Live check box should be selected as the traffic is a live pattern thus there is no analysis of pattern loss and bit error Pattern sets the test pattern that will be generated PRBS31 default or NULL Client 0000 In...

Page 250: ...n Time SDT corresponds to the duration associated to a defect that occurred in the network For example a disruption that occurs during a network switching from the active channels to the backup channels or vice versa Disruption Monitoring check box when selected disabled by default enables the disruption time measurements However the measurement will only start if the test is already started or wh...

Page 251: ...d defect or a higher defect in the signal structure hierarchy is detected No Defect Time ms represents the period without any defects before stopping SDT measurement 0 005 ms to 2000 ms default is 300 ms Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected cleared by default enables service disruption pass fail verdict and allows setting the threshold value SDT Threshold ms allows entering the SDT threshold ...

Page 252: ... channel Alternatively selecting a channel from the table on the right TX RX or TX RX tab also selects a channel number Tributary Port indicates the tributary port number associated to the channel number Payload Type indicates the payload type for the mapped OPU RX TX or TX RX tab table on the right displays the tributary slot assignments per channel for either RX TX or both RX and TX TX RX and al...

Page 253: ...ng if the tributary slot channel configuration is matching the received signal Only configured channels are considered during the validation RX Structure Match is displayed using different background colors as follows For Mapped into Tributary slot per channel ODU3 OPU4 31 ODU2 OPU4 8 ODU1 OPU4 2 ODU0 OPU4 1 Background Color Description White Tributary slot using background traffic B or Unallocate...

Page 254: ... when the test is created To change the ODU type mapping use the Del Ch or Delete All button then use the Add Ch button to select an other ODU type Edit Ch ID button selects a new channel ID from available list Add Ch button allows adding new channels Channel ID is the channel ID to be added Subsequent channel ID are selected then assigned skipping channel ID already assigned when adding more than...

Page 255: ...s according to the selected Mode Mode Description Tributary Slot Assigns unassigns a single tributary slot Channel Assigns unassigns all tributary slots for a specific channel After selecting a first tributary slot subsequent tributary slots are automatically assigned unassigned if the channel contains more than one tributary slot All Channels Assigns unassigns all tributary slots to from a channe...

Page 256: ...splayed when the RX test structure is either Unsupported An unsupported ODU channel is received for example Unallocated The unsupported ODU channels are configured as background traffic Invalid Impaired signal is preventing RX structure decoding for example when a LOS alarm is detected The RX MSI structure cannot be copied Restore Multi Channel OTN Defaults Reverts the current test application to ...

Page 257: ... transceiver type and its status are displayed Rate Once the transceiver is correctly detected select the interface rate Rates depend on the selected port the inserted transceiver and the rates supported on the module Status Description Validating the transceiver Transceiver correctly detected Incompatible transceiver detected Missing transceiver adapter Transceiver Rate Transport Ethernet Fibre C...

Page 258: ...retrieved from the transceiver see page 247 SFP SFP SFP Port 1 only OTU2 OTU1e OTU2e OTU1f OTU2f OTU1 OC 192 STM 64 OC 48 STM 16 OC 12 STM 4 OC 3 STM 1 OC 1 STM 0 10GE WAN 10GE LAN 1GE Optical 100M Optical 1X 2X 4X 8X 10X 16X CPRI 1 2G CPRI 2 4G CPRI 3 1G CPRI 4 9G CPRI 6 1G CPRI 9 8G OBSAI 1 5G OBSAI 3 1G OBSAI 6 1G Transceiver Rate Transport Ethernet Fibre Channel Wireless ...

Page 259: ...ching from one test application to another This check box is cleared by default Parameter CFP4 CFP8 QSFP SFP SFP Module ID X X X X Vendor Name X X X X Part Number X X X X Serial Number X X X X Hardware Revision X X X X Firmware Version X X Adaptor Revision Revision Compliance X Connector Type X X X X Speed X X X X Type Compliance Code X X X X Wavelength X Mode X X X X Power Class X X X X Lane Rati...

Page 260: ...remote module is not manually established the remote connection process is automatically performed when starting the test From the Test menu tap Setup Test Configurator and the More button from the Remote block Note Not available with Manual Loopback remote operation mode For both DTS and Remote Loopback Operation Modes Discovered Remotes The modules are discovered dynamically and listed with thei...

Page 261: ...d button is used to add a preferred remote module to the preferred list Enter the IP address of the remote module and tap OK This is useful to access a module from a different subnet Priority Preferred or not Status 1 Preferred Available 2 Taken 3 Test in Progress 4 Non Preferred Available 5 Taken 6 Test in Progress Background Color Status Description Green Ready Connected with the local unit Runn...

Page 262: ...en the local and the remote modules For DTS Operation Mode Connect button manually establishes the connection with the selected remote module and sets the remote module into DTS EtherSAM test application Following a successful connection the IP address of the remote module will be used as the destination IP address for the test Overtake button manually establishes the connection with the remote mo...

Page 263: ...available with L3 L4 allows entering the destination IP address of the remote Resolved MAC address status available with L3 L4 indicates Resolving when the ARP process is resolving Resolved when the ARP process is resolved Failed when the ARP process failed Quick Ping available with layer L3 L4 tests if the destination IP address can be reached A message displays if the ping attempt is Successful ...

Page 264: ...ct a remote unit Not available in Dual Port topology Note It is also possible using the Discover Remote button to connect to a remote module and automatically enable Dual Test Set For more details refer to Discover Remote Button on page 636 Disconnected indicates that there is no connection established with a remote module Connected indicates that the connection is established with a remote module...

Page 265: ... Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the use of the pass fail verdict Subtests and Estimated Time Subtests allows enabling the Throughput Back to Back Frame Loss and Latency subtests individually Estimated Time H MM indicates the estimated time required to complete each subtest at best conditions The total estimated time to complete all subtests is also displayed Frame Distributio...

Page 266: ... value Restore RFC 2544 Defaults Reverts the configured parameters to their default values Distribution Frame Size RFC 2544 64a 128 256 512 1024 1280 and 1518 a The minimum frame size will be adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected User Defined 64a to 16000b b The maximum frame size is limited to 10000 for 10 100 1000Mbps electrical interface Component Description VLAN 4 ...

Page 267: ... for which there is no frame loss Starting at the specified maximum rate Max Rate the rate converges towards the highest throughput without frame loss The search is done with a halving doubling method until a final value is reached The test performs the number of trials defined Trials The throughput measurement is validated the number of times specified Validations for the predefined duration Tria...

Page 268: ...e number of times the throughput test will be generated 1 default to 50 trials Interface Speed Max Rate Mbit s Gbit s 10 Mbit s 0 0050 to 100 0000a a Default value 0 00001 to 10 000a Not Applicable 100 Mbit s 0 0050 to 100 0000a 0 0001 to 100 000a Not Applicable 1000 Mbit s 0 0050 to 100 0000a 0 001 to 1000 00a 0 000001 to 1 000a 10G LAN 0 0050 to 100 0000a 0 01 to 10000 000a 0 00001 to 10 000a 10...

Page 269: ...lidated 1 default to 50 times Interface Speed Max Rate Mbit s Gbit s 10 Mbit s 0 1 to 10 0 default 1 0 0 01 to 1 0 default 0 10 Not Applicable 100 Mbit s 0 1 to 10 0 default 1 0 0 1 to 10 0 default 1 0 Not Applicable 1000 Mbit s 0 1 to 10 0 default 1 0 1 to 100 0 default 10 0 001 to 0 100 default 0 010 10G LAN 0 1 to 10 0 default 1 0 10 0 to 1000 0 default 100 0 01 to 1 00 default 0 10 10G WAN 0 1...

Page 270: ... of the burst is reduced and the test is rerun The Back to Back value is the number of frames in the longest burst that the Device Under Test DUT can handle without the loss of any frames The test performs the number of defined trials Trials The Accuracy and Acceptable Errors settings specify how precise that result must be The test is performed for each defined frame size Burst Time is expressed ...

Page 271: ...defined frame size Max Rate is the maximum rate the test should begin with in terms of a percentage of the line rate Mbit s or Gbit s The accepted values are as shown in the Max Rate table on page 256 For Dual Test Set Max Rate is configurable for both local to remote L R and remote to local R L directions For Dual Port topology Max Rate is configurable for both P1 to P2 P1 P2 and P2 to P1 P2 P1 d...

Page 272: ...p A The test is repeated for the defined number of times Trials and the average result is calculated The test is performed for each defined frame size Trial Duration represents the time value for each trial in minutes seconds 1 second default to 2 minutes Trials represents the number of times the test will be generated 1 default to 50 trials Copy From Throughput check box when selected default use...

Page 273: ...nd LOPPS R Loss Of Pulse Per Second Local Remote are declared when either no pulse is received or when no pulse is received within 1 second 6 6 μs after the previous pulse LOPPS R is only monitored once the DTS connection is established Config per Frame Size is available when the Copy From Throughput check box is cleared and allows setting the Max Rate for each frame size For Dual Test Set the Max...

Page 274: ...r burst to declare a pass fail verdict The range is from 0 0 to 100 0 default percent and it applies to all frames sizes when applicable 1 The verdict is PASS when the received measured value is greater or equal to the threshold value Interface Speed Max Rate Mbit s Gbit s 10 Mbit s 0 000 to 100 000a a Defalut value 0 000 10 000a Not Applicable 100 Mbit s 0 000 to 100 000a 0 000 100 000a Not Appli...

Page 275: ... ms and it applies to all frame sizes when applicable For Dual Test Set only available with Round Trip Latency Measurement Mode see Latency Configuration on page 260 One Way Latency Threshold available for Dual Test Set with One Way Latency Measurement Mode see Latency Configuration on page 260 sets the maximum one way latency value in millisecond allowed for all frame sizes 0 005 to 500 ms defaul...

Page 276: ...outer is automatically detected and graphically displayed with LAN WAN indication as well as the WAN IP address when the Power Blazer is behind a NAT router When there is a NAT at the Remote site it is required to create the following rules on this NAT router 1 for UDP TCP port 62819 to allow DTS communication 2 for the defined TCP port see TCP Port on page 265 EXFO Worx Interop Disconnected Verif...

Page 277: ...hen the remote is behind a NAT Parameters Multiple Connections check box when selected default indicates that the applicable TCP Throughput phases are performed with multiple connections otherwise TCP Throughput phases are performed within a single connection For 40 100GE rate this check box is selected and the Window Size Target per Connection can be used to set the target window Window Size Targ...

Page 278: ...indow Sweep Window Sweep check box when selected default allows performing the Window Sweep phase Duration per step is the duration of the Window Sweep phase per direction and per Window tested 30 seconds default to 5 minutes TCP Throughput Duration is the duration of the TCP Throughput phase per direction 1 minute default to 30 days Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the us...

Page 279: ...vity Fault Management and Performance Monitoring which includes all S OAM functions supported by this module 802 1ag supports Connectivity Fault Management including only the Continuity Check Loopback Link Trace and RDI functions MEF supports both Connectivity Fault Management and Performance Monitoring which includes all S OAM functions supported by this module MPLS TP OAM G 8113 1 default suppor...

Page 280: ...s and MEG MD Level matching the local MEG MD Level Refer to Unicast Multicast Addresses for Ethernet OAM on page 757 for more information For MPLS TP OAM A valid message must have its destination MAC address matching either the unit MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs MPL Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack configuration including GAL MEG Le...

Page 281: ...oss Failure Synthetic Loss Failure Only applicable to Ethernet OAM Loopback Failure or Test Failure Thresholds Available with G 8113 1 Y 1731 and MEF OAM Modes when Pass Fail verdict is enabled The verdict is PASS when the measured value is lower or equal to the threshold value Frame Delay Threshold ms allows setting the threshold value of frame delay 0 001 to 8000 ms default is 50 ms Frame Loss T...

Page 282: ...to FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF for IPv6 default is 2001 Local Parameters MEG ID Y 1731 and G 8113 1 the Maintenance Entity Group Level identification allows defining a 13 bytes MEG ID value message to be generated default value is EXFO MEG ID Values should be ASCII suitable characters including the ITU T 50 Characters on page 40 Padding allows the selection of the character Null or Spa...

Page 283: ...Group End Point Identification configurable from 0x0001 default to 0x1FFF OAM Quick Ping verifies the bidirectional connectivity with the peer MEP The Successful message is reported when at least one of three attempts has been successful otherwise Failed is reported Continuity Check CC Function check box when selected default allows transmitting and monitoring CCM frames The following parameters a...

Page 284: ... through a MPLS network it begins and ends at LER or LSR Section is a segment between two adjacent LER LSR Label 2 check box when selected enables the MPLS Label 2 The Label 2 check box is configurable for PW and LSP cleared by default and is forced cleared for Section Label 1 check box when selected enables the MPLS Label 1 The Label 1 check box is forced selected for PW and LSP and forced cleare...

Page 285: ...ion is used to measure the frame loss with the peer MEP in both directions from a single end point Synthetic Loss function is used to measure the frame loss with the peer MEP in both directions from a single end point using synthetic frames TX Enable check box when selected cleared by default allows transmission of frames However the transmission will only begin when the test is started or if the ...

Page 286: ... with S OAM Mode or when VLAN is enabled see VLAN on page 225 when set to Yes DEI 1 the transmitted frames will be dropped first on receipt when congestion occurs under test Drop Eligible is only configurable with Unicast address type otherwise is set to No Default Drop Eligible is set to No for Frame Delay Frame Loss and Synthetic Loss functions Period determines the transmission period of frames...

Page 287: ...d The following table lists each parameter that may affect the minimum and maximum1 frame size value 1 For the Loopback function the maximum frame size is 16000 bytes for all rates at the exception of 10 100 1000 Mbps electrical interface which is 10000 bytes Test Function MPLS TP Mode PW LSP Section Loopback 68a to 160001 a Add 4 bytes when the GAL check box is selected 72 to 160001 68 to 160001 ...

Page 288: ... Frame Delay function is set to Test for the Test function set to Data for Synthetic Loss function not available for Frame Loss function Payload available with Data TLV Type defines the repeating byte pattern used to fill the payload of the Data TLV 0x00 to 0xFF default is 0xCC Test Pattern available with Test TLV Type defines the test pattern used to fill the Test TLV PRBS31 default NULL Test ID ...

Page 289: ...fter the other as long as the Total TX Rate bandwidth is not reached Committed For example if the first service is using the full bandwidth available then no other service can be enabled If the first enabled service uses half bandwidth then at least another service can be enabled using up to half bandwidth Thus to enable a second service first set the CIR value within the non used bandwidth Availa...

Page 290: ...page 204 Addressing indicates the source and destination IP or MAC addresses for each services Tap on the Addressing button to modify the addressing see MAC and IP from the MAC IP UDP on page 204 Batch button allows bulk configuration for services addressing Select the check box of each configuration parameter that needs to be copied and set its parameters From Apply To select all services the cop...

Page 291: ...ate bandwidth available for traffic generation Global Options Rate Unit choices are default Mbit s and Gbit s Copy Service Button Copy Service button allows copying the services configuration to one or several services Copy Service allow selecting the services number from which the configuration will be copied from To the following Services allows selecting all services that will inherit the confi...

Page 292: ...d Default service names are Service 1 to Service 10 Enable check box when selected cleared by default enables the selected service However the service will be generated only when the test is started For Dual Test Set services can only be enabled once the connection with the remote unit is established When the Service Performance Test is enabled up to 10 services can be enabled one after the other ...

Page 293: ... button Select the emulation profile Voice Video or Data default Voice Voice Codec choices are VoIP G 711 default VoIP G 723 1 and VoIP G 729 Number of Calls allows the selection of the equivalent number of calls that will be generated for the selected stream default is 1 CIR indicates the committed information rate in Mbps based on the number of calls selected Video Video Codec choices are SDTV M...

Page 294: ...ta profile Fixed default Profile and Codec Type Frame Size bytes IPv4 IPv6 Voice Codec VoIP G 711 VoIP G 723 1 VoIP G 729 Fixed 138 82 78 158 102 98 Video Codec All Fixed 1374 1394 Data Fixed default 64a default to 16000b a The minimum value is adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected as shown in the following table b The maximum frame size is limited to 10000 for 10 100 1...

Page 295: ...lows selecting from 2 to 8 frames size values default is 5 EMIX Frame Sizes allows setting the EMIX frame sizes default are 64 128 512 1024 and 1518 The minimum frame size value is adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected as shown in the above table Restore Default button reverts the quantity and EMIX frame sizes to their default values Component Description VLAN 4 bytes p...

Page 296: ...work by sending traffic at higher rate than committed by the SLA Burst Max Rate allows setting the rate that is used for the CBS and EBS burst tests Only available when the Burst Test is enabled see EtherSAM Global on page 165 Note Changing a criteria value CIR CIR EIR Ramp Traffic Policing or Burst Max Rate may affect the other criteria values in order to comply to the following rules CIR CIR EIR...

Page 297: ...be selected Thus clearing the CIR check box while CIR EIR check box is cleared will automatically select the CIR EIR check box and vice versa CIR Committed Information Rate check box when selected default sets the service rate guaranteed by the SLA The threshold value is configurable from 0 00011 to 100 percent default is 50 percent CIR and preceding steps are not performed for services that have ...

Page 298: ...ter value in millisecond allowed for the service 0 015 to 8000 ms default is 2 ms Max Round Trip Latency ms allows setting the maximum round trip latency value in millisecond allowed for the service 0 015 to 8000 ms default is 15 ms For Dual Test Set only available with Round Trip Latency Measurement Mode see Global Options on page 168 Not available in Dual Port topology Max Latency available for ...

Page 299: ...1 indicates when supported the transmit power level of the optical lane laser in dBm Wavelength nm 1 indicates when supported the detected lane laser wavelength RX Power dBm 1 indicates when supported the current received power level of the optical lane laser in dBm Green Power level in range Yellow Power level out of range Red Loss of signal or power level is close to damage Gray Invalid operatio...

Page 300: ...nce Optical Lane indicates the optical lane numbers and All which represents the setting for all optical lanes when the All Lanes check box is selected Laser check box when selected indicates that the corresponding optical laser lane is activated and emitting an optical laser signal Lasers OFF at Start Up check box when selected automatically turns OFF the laser for serial interfaces or all lasers...

Page 301: ...ut The LBO allows meeting the interface requirements over the full range of cable lengths Signal LBO DS1 Preamplification values DSX 1 0 133 ft a DSX 1 133 266 ft DSX 1 266 399 ft DSX 1 399 533 ft DSX 1 533 655 ft Cable simulation CSU Emulation mode values CSU 0 0 dB CSU 7 5 dB CSU 15 0 dB CSU 22 5 dB a Default value DS3 0 to 225 ft rangea 225 to 450 ft range and Cable Simulation 900 ft E1 E3 E4 N...

Page 302: ...or dBm for PDH and SONET SDH Amplitude indicates the received signal amplitude as well as its MIN and MAX received values Signal Line Coding DS1 AMI and B8ZSa a Default value DS3 B3ZS E1 AMI and HDB3a E3 HDB3 E4 CMI STS 1e STM 0e B3ZS STS 3e STM 1e CMI Signal Termination DS1 E1 Terma Mon and Bridge a Default value DS3 E3 E4 STS 1e STM 0e STS 3e STM 1e Terma and Mon ...

Page 303: ...r button to respectively increment or decrement the frequency offset value based on the defined Increment Decrement Size or directly type the frequency offset value in the field Possible offsets are Interface Frequency Offseta Nominal Frequency DS1 140 ppm 1544000 bit s E1 70 ppm 2048000 bit s E3 50 ppm 34368000 bit s DS3 44736000 bit s STS 1e STM 0e 51840000 bit s E4 139264000 bit s STS 3e STM 1e...

Page 304: ...ce only refer to RX Frequency on page 176 for parallel interfaces Frequency GHz indicates the frequency of the input signal Offset ppm indicates the frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate at the input signal OTU1e 120 ppm 11049107143 bit s OTU2e 11095727848 bit s OTU1f 11270089286 bit s OTU2f 11317642405 bit s a The frequency offset range is guaranteed for a source s...

Page 305: ... standard rate specification and the rate from the received signal Note Refer to Interface on page 374 for more information on standard rate specifications Signal Configuration For OTN refer to Signal Signal Configuration OTN on page 302 for more information For SONET SDH refer to Signal Signal Configuration SONET SDH on page 307 for more information For DSn PDH refer to Signal Signal Configuratio...

Page 306: ...and the protocol block Only Framing setting and the Loopback button are available For DSn PDH BERT and NI CSU Emulation from the test menu tap Setup Test Configurator and the interface block Framing Framing allows the selection of the framing used for transmission DS1 DS3 E1 E3 E4 Unframed SF ESFa SLC 96 a Default value Unframed C Bit Paritya M13 Unframed PCM30a PCM30 CRC 4 PCM31 PCM31 CRC 4 Unfra...

Page 307: ...ate as the one defined in the test case data path Channel Channel for multiplex text case allows the selection of the channel number of the mapped signal DS0 E0 The DS0 E0 check box when selected cleared by default activates the DS0 E0 testing DS0 E0 configuration is not available when the framing is set to Unframed Once selected a summary of the payload content is displayed indicating the number ...

Page 308: ...for E0 when TX Signaling is enabled A timeslot data rate of 56 Kbit s uses 7 bits while 64 Kbit s uses 8 bits to carry the payload information Zero Code Suppression allows the selection of the Zero Code Suppression ZCS method used to replace the all zero bytes of the Idle and Tone payload contents The ZCS mechanism is a global parameter meaning that all channel timeslots configured with Tone Idle ...

Page 309: ...rame when TX Signaling is disabled and generates a frame with Signaling capability when TX Signaling is enabled Note For Pattern the pattern used is the one selected from Pattern on page 139 Tone Hz allows the selection of a tone for digital milliwatt testing The signal output power when converted to analog is 0 dBm Choices are 1000 Hz and 1004 Hz default The selected Tone applies to all timeslots...

Page 310: ...not match between TX and RX This is to ensure pattern continuity between the TX and RX interface in a MUX DEMUX test even if used through a cross connect device Select the payload content by tapping once or several times on each timeslot until the desired content appears Pattern default uses the pattern from the received signal None does not use the pattern Loopback button The Loopback feature gen...

Page 311: ...nuously for a maximum of 10 seconds or until the loopback is confirmed After 10 seconds if the loopback has failed a Loop Down command is sent A pop up window appears indicating the loop code injection progress and result The text box next to the Loop Down button indicates the selected loop down code Modify Loop Codes button Allows the configuration of 10 DS1 loop code pairs Configure each loop co...

Page 312: ...the Type of loopback code on which the module will respond In Band or Out of Band Out of Band is only available when the interface framing is set to ESF The Loop UP and Loop Down values are automatically updated to the In Band or Out of Band selection Type Status indicates either Loopback Active with a green loopback icon or No Loopback with a gray loopback icon Loop Code selects the type of loopb...

Page 313: ...dition Release button available with Manual mode when a loopback is active allows releasing the loopback condition Loop Up indicates the selected loop up code Loop Down indicates the selected loop down code Modify Loop Codes button See Modify Loop Codes button on page 299 for more information Out of Band loop code Loop UP Code Loop Down Code Line 00001110 11111111 00111000 11111111 Payload 0001010...

Page 314: ...l signal For example to disable FEC first select the Scrambler check box then clear the FEC check box FEC check box when selected default enables the FEC in TX RX and allows detecting reporting and correcting up to 8 symbol errors Correctable per codeword If there are over 8 symbol errors detected they are reported as uncorrectable errors Scrambler check box when selected default provides enough 0...

Page 315: ...ped signal indicates the OPU tributary port used for the test Tap the Modify Trib Slots Port button to change the OPU tributary port OPU Tributary Slots1 available for each OPU level of a mapped signal indicates the OPU tributary slots used for the test Tap the Modify Trib Slots Port button to change the OPU tributary slots TCM indicates each Tandem Connection enabled No TCM indicates that no TCM ...

Page 316: ... is configurable for each mux type when the multiplex signal contains both PT20 and PT21 mux types Higher Layer Tributary Background Traffica a Uses the selected AIS Null Client or PRBS31 background traffic unless Unallocated is selected which corresponds to undefined traffic ODU4 ODU3 ODU2 ODU1 ODU0 ODU2e ODU1e ODUflex 1 25 Gbit sb or Unallocated b Per tributary slot ODU3 ODU2 Fixed structure ODU...

Page 317: ...ect four tributary slots from the same column which constitute the foreground traffic When the Fixed Structure check box is cleared select the four tributary slots individually 1 Not available with Multi Channel OTN For Mapped into Tributary slot selection ODU3 OPU4 31 ODU2e ODU1e OPU4 8 ODU2 OPU4 OPU3 8 4 PT20 8 PT21 ODU1 OPU4 OPU3 OPU2 2 1 PT20 2 PT21 1 PT20 2 PT21 ODU0 OPU4 OPU3 OPU2 OPU1 1 1 1...

Page 318: ... on the number of tributary slots selected Note that for ODUflex with pattern Client the Nominal Bit Rate may be affected by the TX Rate when not set to 100 see TX Rate on page 139 Number of Trib Slots indicates the number of tributary slots selected Note Tributary slots must be selected starting with the higher layer down to the lower and all required tributary slots must be selected to access th...

Page 319: ...ailable with Through topology Bits 5 to 8 Description SONET SDH 0000a a Default message Synchronized Traceability Unknown STU Quality Unknown 0001 Stratum 1 Traceable ST1 Reserved 0010 Reserved ITU G 811 PRC 0011 Reserved Reserved 0100 Transit Node Clock Traceable TNC SSU A 0101 Reserved Reserved 0110 Reserved Reserved 0111 Stratum 2 Traceable ST2 Reserved 1000 Reserved SSU B 1001 Reserved Reserve...

Page 320: ...ws the selection of the AU channel number Refer to SDH Numbering Convention on page 750 for more information TCM check box when selected cleared by default allows Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM TC UNEQ P TC UNEQ V HPTC UNEQ LPTC UNEQ check boxes when selected cleared by default allows the monitoring of the corresponding Tandem Connection Unequipped alarm Only available when the TCM check box is ...

Page 321: ...ally adapted to the rate STS 1 AU 3 or AU 4 signal level for the paths that are not defined in the test case In the situation where the traffic pattern is replaced by GFP the background traffic remains the same for the STS 1 AU 3 AU 4 that are not involved in the test case data path In the situation where contiguous concatenation or virtual concatenation is used the background traffic continues to...

Page 322: ...th background traffic of STS 1 or AU 3 level depending on the interface being SONET or SDH At the low order path level the data path not involved in the data path defined in the test case are filled with a background traffic equivalent to the VT Group VTG or Tributary Unit Group TUG type defined by the traffic selected in the data path Further the remaining VTG or TUG within the high order path se...

Page 323: ...r 3 and 4 swaps the MAC and IP addresses of received packets having their Destination IP address matching the IP address of the loopback port For Ethernet Layer 2 swaps the MAC addresses for packets having their Destination MAC address matching the MAC address of the loopback port UDP TCP default for Ethernet Layer 4 swaps the UDP or TCP ports and the MAC and IP addresses of received packets havin...

Page 324: ...sponder The S OAM Responder check box when selected default allows responding to LBM LTM DMM LMM and SLM valid messages test running or not Traffic statistics are also monitored refer to Responder on page 535 Respond to message Respond with message LBM LBR LTM LTR DMM DMR LMM LMR SLM SLR ...

Page 325: ...m Tap on the Stream Name button to modify the name of each stream Frame Size1 indicates the frame size of each stream Tap on the Frame Size button to modify the frame size of each stream TX Rate1 indicates the transmission rate for each stream Tap on the TX Rate button to modify the transmission rate see page 319 Framing indicates the framing of each service Tap on the Framing button to modify the...

Page 326: ...of the total line utilization which is the TX rate sum of all enabled streams Link Capacity indicates the total rate available for traffic generation Global Options Rate Unit choices are default Mbit s Gbit s frame s and IFG QoS Metrics Tags Insertion check box when selected default automatically adds a stream analysis tag containing Jitter Latency Throughput and sequence tags in all frames that i...

Page 327: ...he stream to be configured by either using the left right arrow or by tapping over the stream numbers area then tapping on a specific stream number An orange background indicates the selected stream while a green background indicates the streams that are enabled Stream associates a name to the selected stream number Default stream names are Stream 1 to Stream n Enable check box when selected clear...

Page 328: ...P G 723 1 or VoIP G 729 Number of Calls allows the selection of the number of calls that will be generated for the selected stream The minimum and default value is 1 for 10M to 1G interface 5 for 10G and 10 for 40G and 100G interfaces Rate indicates the rate corresponding to the selected codec and the number of calls Video when selected allows the configuration of the following parameters Video Co...

Page 329: ...ccording to the frame structure and components selected The following table lists each component that may affect the minimum frame size value The maximum frame size value is also adjusted for VLAN 4 bytes per VLAN Profile Codec Frame Size IPv4 IPv6 Voice VoIP G 711 138 158 VoIP G 723 1 82 102 VoIP G 729 78 98 Video All codec 1374 1394 Data Programmable from 64a to 16000b a The minimum frame size w...

Page 330: ...es or 16000 bytes for optical interfaces default is 1518 bytes However the minimum frame size will be adjusted according to the frame structure and components selected The following table lists each component that may affect the minimum frame size value The following table lists each component that may affect the minimum frame size value Component Description VLAN 4 bytes per VLAN up to 2 VLAN MPL...

Page 331: ...t setting is 100 percent for all interfaces at the exception of 10Gig E WAN which is 92 8571 percent depending on the frame format Unit choices are default Mbit s Gbit s frame s IFG However frame s and IFG are not available for Random and Sweep frame sizes Continuous default transfers the selected frame continuously according to the selected percentage of bandwidth n Frame transfers the selected n...

Page 332: ... to 100 percent default is 50 percent Period represents the burst pattern duration 1 to 8000 milliseconds default is 1000 ms Unit choices are ms default and s Burst Count available with n Burst TX Mode represents the number of times the burst will be repeated 1 default to 255 For Ramp and n Ramp TX modes Ramp Nb of Steps represents the number of steps within the ramp 2 to 100 default is 10 Step Ti...

Page 333: ...ate value within the non used rate then enable it A stream cannot be enabled if its MAC address is not valid it can be either not resolved or wrongly entered Link Capacity indicates the total rate available for traffic generation QoS Metrics Note QoS Metrics settings apply to all streams Global Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the pass fail verdict for all streams Global T...

Page 334: ...at are lost before declaring a fail verdict 1 0E 14 default to 1 0E00 Out of Sequence Count Rate check box when selected enables the Out of Sequence pass fail verdict and allows setting the threshold of frames that are Out of Sequence For Count enter the maximum count of frames that are Out of Sequence before declaring a fail verdict 0 default to 9999999999 For Rate enter the maximum rate of frame...

Page 335: ...second in the last 5 second interval A red arrow indicates that no ESMC valid information frames were received for more than 5 seconds A gray arrow indicates awaiting incoming data to provide a status Received QL indicates the last Quality Level received The Received QL is a live value monitored even when the test is not started QL Mismatch Monitoring check box when selected default enables the Qu...

Page 336: ...ated QL The Generated QL check box when selected default enables the generation of the selected QL message The Generated QL field allows the selection of the QL message that will be generated See page 450 for the list of QL message default is QL EEC2 ST3 Note For 1GE Electrical interface using Local Clock set to Slave the Generated QL is not configurable and is set to QL DNU DUS with its check box...

Page 337: ... settings when the application is launched when selected the factory settings are restored Remote Control User Information allows a user to leave a message to other users connected on the same module Up to 80 characters are allowed Time Zone allows the selection of the time zone source Local default uses and displays the time from the 88000 Series module or from the PC for a Remote ToolBox session...

Page 338: ...s the number of time a transceiver adaptor module has been inserted into this FTBx 88260 module port over its limit of 1000 insertions Transceiver Adaptor Parameters are as follows ID indicates the name of the TA module TA Serial Number indicates the serial number of the TA module Revision indicates the hardware revision of the TA module Battery indicates the status level of the battery Good Low o...

Page 339: ...d provides either a successful or failed result The quick Ping uses 3 attempts a Delay of 1 second a Timeout of 2 seconds and a Data Size of 32 Bytes Refer to Ping Trace Route on page 605 for more options Accept Connection from IP available with Remote TCP mode allows entering the IP address of the local unit The IP address 0 0 0 0 default listens to any TCP stream IP TOS DS available with Local T...

Page 340: ...36 KBytes default is 1 KBytes Maximum Window Size1 is the maximum window size used for the test 1024 Bytes to 65536 KBytes default is 64 MBytes Rate Unit allows selecting the unit that will be used to set the Throughput Pass Fail Verdict Threshold and throughput results default or MBit s Throughput Pass Fail Verdict check box when selected default enables the throughput verdict Threshold allows se...

Page 341: ...vercome the Power Class they are assigned to clear this check box to avoid reporting a fail verdict Temp Threshold oC allows selecting the temperature threshold to declare the pass fail verdict 0 to 75 o C default is 70 o C TX Power Range dBm indicates the optical device TX operational range to declare the pass fail verdict RX Power Range dBm indicates the optical device RX operational range to de...

Page 342: ...nabled The Duration check box has to be selected to be included in the test timer Choices are 15 minutes default 1 2 4 6 12 24 72 hours 7 days and User Defined When User Defined is selected the field next to it becomes available to enter the test duration using the format dd hh mm ss Note Duration cannot be enabled while stop time is enabled When the test is started while duration is enabled the s...

Page 343: ...s based on the start time The stop time cannot be enabled while Duration is enabled ARM button available when the Start Time check box is selected cleared by default enables the start test timer Not available while the test is running It is not possible to start the test case when the start time is armed Note An icon is displayed in the global test status area indicating that the timer is enabled ...

Page 344: ...Traces settings apply to all channels unless otherwise indicated OTUx ODUx and TCM Buttons Tap on either OTUx or an ODUx button For ODUx when TCM is enabled see Modify TCM on page 306 tap on a TCMx button to select a TCM level TCM is not available with Multi Channel OTN SM PM TCM TTI Traces Note The TTI Traces are configurable for SM OTUx PM ODUx and TCM ODUx when TCM is enabled see Modify TCM on ...

Page 345: ...characters is allowed NULL all 0 s characters are automatically appended to the message for bytes that are not defined The expected SAPI message is available when the SAPI OTU ODU TIM check box is selected 1 For Multi Channel OTN lower ODU layer a maximum of 13 characters are allowed since the channel number is automatically appended to the message TTI Traces Default Messagea a The default message...

Page 346: ...age for bytes that are not defined TTI Traces Default Messagea a The default message contains a NULL all 0 s character preceding it NULL all 0 s characters are automatically appended to the message for bytes that are not defined OTN BERT OTN SONET SDH BERT Multi Channel OTN SM EXFO OTU DAPI EXFO OTU DAPI PM EXFO ODU DAPI XFO ODU DAPIb b The channel number is automatically appended to the message T...

Page 347: ... cleared by default allows editing the expected Source Access Point Identifier SAPI and also enables OTU ODU TCM TIM alarm monitoring DAPI OTU ODU TCM TIM check box when selected cleared by default allows editing the expected Destination Access Point Identifier SAPI and also enables the OTU ODU TCM TIM alarm monitoring ...

Page 348: ...more information Traces Section RS J0 STS AU TU 3 Path J1 and VT TU Path J2 Format Allows the selections of the J0 J1 J2 format 1 Byte default 16 Bytes or 64 Bytes format Generated When the 16 bytes or 64 bytes format is selected enter the J0 J1 J2 trace value message to be generated Default values messages Format bytes Traces J0 J1 J2 1 01a a Hexadecimal value Refer to OH SONET SDH on page 591 to...

Page 349: ...pled with the Result Traces Labels configuration refer to Traces SONET SDH on page 527 Format Allows the selection of the expected format 16 Bytes default or 64 Bytes Expected Allows entering the expected J0 trace message for TIM S RS TIM J1 for TIM P HP TIM and J2 for TIM V LP TIM See Default values messages on page 336 TCM Access Point Identifier Note Available when TCM is enabled from the Signa...

Page 350: ...e following Mask MTIE TDEV G 811 Primary Reference Clock PRC X X G 812 Type I Node Clock SSU Constant Temperature X X G 812 Type I Node Clock SSU Variable Temperature X G 812 Type II and III Node Clock SSU Constant Temperature X X G 813 Option 1 SDH Equipment Clock SEC Constant Temperature X X G 813 Option 1 SDH Equipment Clock SEC Variable Temperature X G 813 Option 2 SDH Equipment Clock SEC Cons...

Page 351: ...ted cleared by default allows selecting entering the test duration 15 minutes 1 2 4 6 12 24 72 hours or User Defined 1 second up to 30 days depending on the selected Sampling Rate Note Once the test completes after the duration is reached or when manually stopped MTIE calculation may take some time depending on the test duration and sampling rate used G 8261 CES Case 2A 2048 kbit s MRTIE X G 8261 ...

Page 352: ...fter High Pass filtering 0 1 Hz peak to peak threshold value 20 ns to 400 ns default is 200 ns Only available with 1PPS Max cTE ns check box when selected allows selecting the maximum constant time error threshold value 15 ns to 600 ns default is 600 ns Only available with 1PPS Note MTIE and TDEV thresholds are disabled when the Mask selection is set to None MTIE check box when selected default re...

Page 353: ...ger X X 432 Summary 491 493 Tab Available with Page OTN BERT Multi Channel OTN OTN SONET SDH BERT SONET SDH BERT DSn PDH BERT NI CSU Emulation Alarms Errors X X X X 346 FTFL PT or PT X X X 421 GFP F GFP T X 423 Labels X X 427 Logger X X X X X X 432 OTL SDT X X 437 Performance Monitoring X X X X 439 SDT X 457 Summary 467 499 467 467 467 501 Traces 525 525 525 527 527 Traffic Ethernet X 528 ...

Page 354: ...X X X X X 432 S OAM MPLS TP OAM X 452 Service Configuration Burst X 459 Service Configuration Ramp X 460 Service Performance X 462 Streams Customer Frame Throughput X 466 Streams Frame Loss Out of Sequence X 464 Streams Jitter X 464 Streams Latency X 465 Streams MPLS X 436 Streams Throughput X 466 Summary 485 505 502 467 519 467 467 516 497 508 479 Traffic Ethernet X X X X X X X X 528 Traffic Flow...

Page 355: ...17 Analysis Time Error X 419 Logger X X X 432 PTP Stats X 446 Quality Level 1588 PTP X 448 Quality Level SyncE X 450 Summary 474 513 521 Traffic Ethernet X X 528 Tab Test Application Page Fibre Channel BERT Alarms Errors X 346 Logger X 432 Summary X 488 Tab Test Application Page CPRI OBSAI BERT CPRI OBSAI Alarms Errorsa a Only available for Framed L2 X X 346 Logger X X 432 Messages X 434 Summary X...

Page 356: ... bigger than the field display capacity Rate calculates and displays the error rate The rate is expressed using the exponential format with two decimal digits example 1 23E 04 Note When an alarms errors group displays a magnifying icon tapping on it gives more information on alarm error like Second Count and Rate Background color Alarm Error Description Gray Current No test result available Histor...

Page 357: ...urement Minimum indicates the minimum value recorded Maximum indicates the maximum value recorded Average indicates the average value P1 and P2 Buttons The P1 and P2 buttons available with Dual Port topology allow respectively displaying the alarms errors for port 1 P1 or port 2 P2 Channel Available with Multi Channel OTN allows the selection of the channel number Icon Verdict Description PASS Res...

Page 358: ...ng the magnifier icon in its title opens a zoomed view giving more details like alarms errors for each lane parallel interface errors in seconds count and rate When there is not enough room on the page to display the error in seconds count and rate the error is displayed in Seconds per default To select another unit tap on the unit s button and select either Seconds default Count or Rate Total ava...

Page 359: ... FEBE F Bit P Bit E1 AIS LOF RAI LOMF RAI MF TS16 AIS 355 FAS CRC 4 E Bit E2 E3 E4 AIS LOF RAI 356 357 358 FAS Ethernet Link Down Remote Fault Local Faulta Hi BER Local Fault Det Local Fault Rcd 359 Block FCS Symbol Alignment False Carrier Idle Jabber Oversize Runt Undersize Ethernet PCS L Deg SER Rcd R Deg SER LOA Inv Mapping L Deg SER Det 362 66B Block FEC UNCOR CW FEC COR CW Ethernet PCS Lanes ...

Page 360: ...vl Unexp MEP Unexp Period 393 OBSAI LOF Link Down RP3 Address Mismatch 377 FAS CRC ODUx LOFLOM AIS OCI LCK BDI FSF BSF FSD BSD TIM 378 BEI BIP 8 ODUx TCM BDI BIAE IAE LTC TIM 381 BEI BIP 8 OPUx AIS CSF LOOMFI MSIM OOMFI OMFI PLM 383 OTL LOF LOL LOR OOF OOR Exc Skew 385 FAS Inv Marker OTUx AIS BDI BIAE IAE LOF LOM OOF OOM TIM 386 FAS MFAS BIP 8 BEI PTP Loss Sync Loss Announce Unusable Domain Mismat...

Page 361: ...IS TC ODI P HPTC ODI TC RDI P HPTC RDI TC UNEQ V LPTC UNEQ TC LTC V LPTC LTC TC IAIS V LPTC IAIS TC ODI V LPTC ODI TC RDI V LPTC RDI TC TIM P HPTC TIM TC TIM V LPTC TIM 402 TC IEC P HPTC IEC TC OEI P HPTC OEI TC REI P HPTC REI TC OEI V LPTC OEI TC REI V LPTC REI TC VIOL P HPTC VIOL TC VIOL V LPTC VIOL Transcoding LOBL1027B Hi BER1027B LOAML1027B 405 Inv Flag MSEQV OTN BIP 8 PCS BIP 8 Mask POSV SEQ...

Page 362: ...eived or the reference sequence can be unambiguously identified as out of phase However for OTU4 4 Unframed Physical Lanes and 100GE 4 Unframed CAUI 4 on 88200NGE bit error rate is greater than 2 5x10 3 Fibre Channel bit error is detected on four consecutive words Client Frequency Available for ODUflex with Pattern client RX The received client signal rate doesn t meet the nominal bit rate configu...

Page 363: ...med CAUI 4 and OTU4 4 Unframed Physical Lanes on 88200NGE RX There is a bit error on a binary 1 for example zeros that should be ones found in the test pattern only Clock LOC Loss Of Clock RX The module is unable to synchronize with the selected Clock Mode No valid clock is generated extracted to from the EXT CLK port LOPPS L and LOPPS R Loss Of Pulse Per Second Local Remote is only available with...

Page 364: ...me alignment cannot be achieved or is lost R LOS Remote Loss Of Signal RX Bit 3 of the Z 130 0 byte is set to 1 R LOF Remote Loss Of Frame RX Bit 4 of the Z 130 0 byte is set to 1 RAI Remote Alarm Indication RX Bit 1 of the Z 130 0 byte is set to 1 SDI Service Access Point Defect Indication RX Bit 2 of the Z 130 0 byte is set to 1 Errors FAS Frame Alignment Signal RX Error detected in the start of...

Page 365: ...rrors are detected RAI Yellow Remote Alarm Indication RX SF framing Bit 2 in each timeslot contains 0 ESF framing Eight ones followed by eight zeros pattern is received continuously in the data link FDL Errors Framing Bit RX An incorrect value appeared in a bit position reserved for framing CRC 6 Cyclical Redundancy Check is only available with ESF framing RX One or more bit errors have been detec...

Page 366: ...ch control bit set to 11 for the information bits OOF Out OF Frame RX Four consecutive frame bit errors are detected RDI Remote Defect Indicator RX Both X bits of the M Frame are set to 0 Errors CP Bit Control Bit RX The three C bits reserved to control bit stuffing are different of 111 and 000 F Bit Framing Bit RX The frame alignment pattern received is different of 1001 P Bit Parity Bit RX The P...

Page 367: ...ts LOF Loss Of Frame RX Three consecutive incorrect frame alignment signals is received RAI Yellow Remote Alarm Indication RX Bit 3 in timeslot 0 is set to 1 TS16 AIS TimeSlot 16 Alarm Indication Signal RX Three or less ZEROs are received in each Timeslot 16 of two consecutive multiframes LOMF Loss Of MultiFrame RX Two consecutive multiframes alignment signals bits 1 through 4 of TS16 of frame 0 i...

Page 368: ...r Signal is only available with PCM30 CRC 4 or PCM31 CRC 4 framing RX Bit 1 of sub multiframe SMF II in frame 13 and or 15 is set to 0 indicating a sub multiframe error E2 Alarms Note Only AIS is available when the framing is set to Unframed AIS Alarm Indication Signal RX An unframed all ones signal is received LOF Loss Of Frame RX Four consecutive incorrect frame alignment signals is received RAI...

Page 369: ...nframed AIS Alarm Indication Signal RX An unframed all ones signal is received LOF Loss Of Frame RX Four consecutive incorrect frame alignment signals is received RAI Remote Alarm Indication RX Bit 11 of a framed E3 is set to 1 Errors FAS Frame Alignment Signal RX Bits 1 to 10 of the first frame differ from 1111010000 ...

Page 370: ...framed AIS Alarm Indication Signal RX An unframed all ones signal is received LOF Loss Of Frame RX Four consecutive incorrect frame alignment signals is received RAI Remote Alarm Indication RX Bit 13 of a framed E4 is set to 1 Errors FAS Frame Alignment Signal RX Bits 1 to 12 of the first frame differ from 111110100000 ...

Page 371: ...ceived Local Fault Det1 Local Fault Detected RX At least one of the following events is detected Loss of bit synchronization Loss of Block synchronization Link down or High BER Local Fault Rcd1 Local Fault Received RX The received data path contains the Local Fault signal Remote Fault1 RX The received data path contains the Remote Fault status Hi BER High Bit Error Ratio Available with 25 40 100GE...

Page 372: ...ock received in frames Alignment available with 10 100 Mbit s interface RX Frames without an integral number of octets in length are received FCS Frame Check Sequence RX Frames with an invalid FCS are received Jabber RX Frames larger than 1518 bytes2 with an invalid FCS are received 1534 bytes3 for EoE 1536 bytes4 for PBB TE 1 Available with Ethernet 100 1000 Mbit s interface and EoOTN 1GbE client...

Page 373: ...th a valid FCS 80 bytes for EoE 82 bytes for PBB TE Oversize Monitoring check box when selected cleared by default allows monitoring the Oversize frame errors The following errors are only available with Half Duplex mode only for electrical interface at speeds of 10 Mbit s and 100 Mbit s Collision RX Indicates the number of collisions on the link Late Coll RX Indicates the number of collisions tha...

Page 374: ...reshold compensable delay Inv Mapping Invalid Mapping Available with 40 100G RX Indicates errors in the mapping attributed to either a mapping value appearing more than once or a non valid mapping value out of range Hi SER High SER is available with 25G and 400G when FEC Bypass Indication check box is selected RX The number of RS FEC symbol errors exceeds the threshold of 417 in a window of 8192 c...

Page 375: ...ck is declared when the synchronization field has a value of 00 or 11 FEC UNCOR CW Available with 400G when RS FEC is enabled RX FEC uncorrectable codeword error is detected on the Ethernet signal FEC COR CW Available with 400G when RS FEC is enabled RX FEC correctable codeword error is detected on the Ethernet signal The FEC COR CW does not raise an error only the count and rate values are report...

Page 376: ...lue Alarms Note For LOA and Inv Mapping alarms see Ethernet PCS on page 362 LOBL Loss of Block Lock RX In lock mode 65 invalid sync fields 00 or 11 within a 1024 sync window are received A PCS Lane Lock alarm is cleared when receiving 64 consecutive valid 66b sync field 01 or 10 in a row LOAML Loss of Alignment Marker Lock RX In lock mode four consecutive marker values are received that do not mat...

Page 377: ...6 bit block alignment marker PCS BIP 8 RX There are PCS lane bit interleave parity error A routine even parity check is performed over all bits of a PCS lane from and including the previous alignment marker but not including the current alignment marker PCS BIP 8 Mask is available with 40GbE over OTU3 test RX At the OTN ingress the calculated 8 bit error mask contains at least one bit set to 1 OTN...

Page 378: ...C 10X RX Indicates that at least one of the following events is detected LOS Loss of bit synchronization Loss of Block synchronization Link down or High BER High BER is true when the bit error ratio 10 4 on a fixed 125 μs time period Local Fault Received FC 10X RX Indicates that the received data path contains the Local Fault signal Remote Fault FC 10X RX Indicates that a Remote Fault event is det...

Page 379: ...enerated in the code Block FC 10X 16X RX The number of frames received with an errored block condition FCS Frame Check Sequence RX Frames with an invalid FCS are received Oversize RX The number of received FL 2 frames larger than 2148 bytes with a valid FCS Undersize RX FL 2 frames smaller than 36 bytes with a valid FCS ...

Page 380: ...nt from the expected EXI refer to EXI on page 181 without uncorrectable cHEC tHEC eHEC and no pFCS errors GFP UPM GFP User Payload Mismatch RX The UPM alarm is declared when the UPI received is different from the expected Client Data UPI without uncorrectable cHEC tHEC eHEC and no pFCS errors The GFP F GFP T on page 181 displays the expected UPI value based on the test structure Refer to page 734 ...

Page 381: ... GFP F RX The RDI alarm is declared when CMF frame is received with an UPI set to 0000 0101 TX Generates a client RDI by setting the UPI field to 0000 0101 Note that the configuration of the CMF pFCS check box see GFP F GFP T on page 181 is temporarily cleared and the UPI value changed when the GFP RDI alarm is selected The CMF pFCS check box state and the UPI value returns to their previous state...

Page 382: ...ror has been detected on Core header PLI and cHEC TX Generates a Walking 1 pattern to hit all applicable bits covered by the cHEC and PLI GFP cHEC UNCORR GFP core Header Error Check Uncorrectable RX Indicates that two or more bit errors have been detected on Core header cHEC and PLI TX Generates a Walking 11 pattern to hit all consecutive 2 bits applicable to the bits covered by the cHEC and PLI G...

Page 383: ...C CID and Spare GFP eHEC UNCORR GFP extension Header Error Check Uncorrectable is only available with GFP F when EXI is set to Linear RX Indicates that two or more bit errors have been detected in the Extension header eHEC CID and Spare TX requires client data frame generation Generates a Walking 11 pattern to hit all consecutive 2 bits applicable to the bits covered by the eHEC CID and Spare GFP ...

Page 384: ...RC 16 word of the superblock GFP 10B_ERR GFP 10B_Error is available with GFP T RX Indicates that a10B_ERR code has been detected in the payload of the superblock TX Generates a 10B_ERR code over the payload of the superblock as defined in ITU G 7041 GFP pFCS GFP payload Frame Check Sequence RX Indicates that at least one bit error has been detected in the payload TX requires client data frame gene...

Page 385: ...rrors group GMP is labelled as ODTU4 1 GMP with Multi Channel OTN Alarms OOS Generic Mapping Procedure Out Of Synchronization RX Indicates that the GMP RX cannot synchronize with the GMP TX Errors Cm CRC 8 RX There is a Cm CRC 8 mismatch between the received value and the locally computed value CnD CRC 5 RX There is a CnD CRC 5 mismatch between the received value and the locally computed value ...

Page 386: ...The module is unable to lock on the Physical CAUI CAUI 4 XLAUI 400GAUI 16 link interface Frequency available for each Physical Lane for parallel interfaces Not available when using an active copper SFP RX The received signal frequency meets the standard specifications green or not red For Ethernet 10 100 1000M Electrical 100M Optical 1GE Optical 10GE LAN WAN 25GE or Fibre Channel 1X 2X 4X 8X 10X 1...

Page 387: ...SAI Invalid 10B code word received K30 7 for CPRI OBSAI Framed L2 code word with Error_Propagation V ordered_set received Interface Standard Rate Specification DS1 1544000 36 6 ppm E1 2048000 54 6 ppm E3 34368000 24 6 ppm DS3 44736000 24 6 ppm STS 1e STM 0e OC 1 STM 0 51840000 20 ppm E4 139264000 19 6 ppm STS 3e STM 1e OC 3 STM 1 155520000 20 ppm OC 12 STM 4 622080000 20 ppm OC 48 STM 16 248832000...

Page 388: ...onsecutive bit periods with no pulses have been received For DS3 more than 2 consecutive bit periods with no pulses have been received IP UDP TCP Errors IP Chksum IP Checksum RX The IP datagrams received have invalid IP header checksum Only available for IPv4 UDP Chksum UDP Checksum RX The UDP segments received have invalid UDP checksum TCP Chksum TCP Checksum RX The TCP segments received have inv...

Page 389: ...R_K28 7_IDLES or SCR_CAP state RP3 Address Mismatch available when Address Mismatch is enabled refer to page 190 RX Indicates that the RP3 Target Address does not match the local RP3 Source Address Errors FAS Frame Alignment Signal RX Error detected in message group terminating character byte different of K28 5 or master frame terminating character byte different of K28 7 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Che...

Page 390: ... ODUk FTFL BDI Backward Defect indication RX The BDI bit in the PM overhead field byte 3 bit 5 is 1 for at least 5 consecutive frames TX Generates a 1 in the BDI byte 3 bit 5 of the PM overhead field continuously BSD Backward Signal Degrade RX The FTFL byte 128 is 00000010 TX Generates a 00000010 pattern in the FTFL Byte 128 continuously BSF Backward Signal Fail RX The FTFL byte 128 is 00000001 TX...

Page 391: ... for mapped ODU client signal designated as LO in the standard RX OOF is present for at least 3 ms TX Generates error continuously in FAS and MFAS of a multiplexed test case OCI Open Connection Indication RX STAT information in the PM byte 3 bits 6 to 8 is 110 for at least 3 consecutive frames TX Generates a repeating 01100110 pattern in the entire ODUk signal excluding the frame alignment overhea...

Page 392: ...the received value and locally computed value 0 to 8 BEI Backward Error Indication RX Interleaved block in error detected by the corresponding ODU path monitoring sink using the BIP 8 code ODU BEI bits 1234 BIP violations ODU BEI bits 1234 BIP violations 0000 0 0101 5 0001 1 0110 6 0010 2 0111 7 0011 3 1000 8 0100 4 1001 to 1111 0 ...

Page 393: ...of the TCM overhead byte 3 bits 1 to 4 continuously IAE Incoming Alignment Error RX The STAT information in the TCM is 010 for at least 3 consecutive frames TX Generates 1 in the IAE bit of the TCM overhead byte 3 bit 6 continuously LTC Loss of Tandem Connection RX The STAT information in the TCM Byte 3 bits 6 7 and 8 are 000 for at least 3 consecutive frames TX Generates 000 in the STAT field of ...

Page 394: ...ived value and locally computed value 0 to 8 BEI Backward Error Indication RX Interleaved block in error detected by the corresponding ODU tandem connection monitoring sink using the BIP 8 code ODU TCM BEI bits 1234 BIP violations ODU BEI bits 1234 BIP violations 0000 0 0101 5 0001 1 0110 6 0010 2 0111 7 0011 3 1000 8 0100 4 1001 to 1111 0 ...

Page 395: ...he OPUk of the OTN signal TX Sets the bit 1 of the OPUk PSI 2 byte to 1 LOOMFI Loss of OPU Multi Frame Identifier is only available for OPU4 of a mapped signal RX OOMFI is present for at least 3 ms MSIM Multiplex Structure Identifier Mismatch is available for the high oder path of a multiplexed test case only RX The RX Payload Structure Identifier PSI information do not match the expected HO Multi...

Page 396: ...fier number are in error for at least 5 consecutive OTU frames PLM Payload Mismatch is available when OPU PLM check box is selected RX The Payload Structure Identifier PSI field does not match the expected PT for at least 3 consecutive frames Errors OMFI OPU Multi Frame Identifier is only available for OPU4 of a mapped signal RX Invalid OMFI word sequence detected ...

Page 397: ...onsecutive frames LOR Loss Of Recovery RX When OOR persists at least 3 ms OOR Out Of Recovery RX While in In recovery IR state in five consecutive 16320 byte periods each of the received logical lane marker LLM is different from the accepted LLM value Exc Skew Excessive Skew RX The skew exceeds the defined threshold see Skew Alarm Threshold bits on page 549 Errors FAS Frame Alignment Signal RX The...

Page 398: ...rd Defect Indication RX The BDI bit in the SM overhead field byte 3 bit 5 is 1 for at least 5 consecutive OTU frames TX Generates 1 for the BDI bit in the SM overhead field byte 3 bit 5 continuously BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error RX The BEI BIAE bits in the SM overhead field byte 3 bits 1 to 4 are 1011 for at least 3 consecutive frames TX Generates 1011 for the BEI BIAE bits in the SM over...

Page 399: ...for at least 5 consecutive OTU frames TX Generates error in all FAS bits for 5 consecutive OTU frames OOM Out Of Multiframe RX MFAS are in error for at least 5 consecutive OTU frames TX Generates error in multiframe number for 5 consecutive OTU frames TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch RX Expected SM SAPI and or SM DAPI do not match the received SM SAPI and or DAPI for at least 3 consecutive TTI This a...

Page 400: ...X Statistics on codewords CW default symbols SYMB or bits BIT corrected by the FEC TX FEC CORR CW Forward Error Correction Correctable Codeword Generates 8 symbols bytes containing 8 bits in error each in each codeword FEC CORR SYM Forward Error Correction Correctable Symbol Generates 1 symbol byte containing 8 bits in error FEC CORR BIT Forward Error Correction Correctable Bit Generates 1 symbol ...

Page 401: ...or Correction Uncorrectable Codeword generates 16 symbol bytes containing 8 bits in error each in each codeword FEC STRESS Forward Error Correction Stress TX Generates correctable errors composed of a random number of symbol errors less or equal to 8 containing a random number of bits distributed all over the OTU frame MFAS Multiframe Alignment Signal RX The MFAS bits are in error ...

Page 402: ...gured Receipt Timeout refer to Alarm Timeout Threshold on page 137 Unusable G 8265 1 RX Either the maximum Sync IPDV value or the maximum Delay Req IPDV value in the last second exceeds the configured IPDV Threshold refer to Alarm Timeout Threshold on page 137 Domain Mismatch G 8275 1 RX None of the received Domain values match the configured value refer to page 132 QL Mismatch RX The received QL ...

Page 403: ...umber is missing in the received frames Out of Seq Out of Sequence RX The received frame sequence number is either smaller than the expected frame sequence number or is a duplicate number Reference Signal Alarms REF FAULT RX An impairment is detected on the reference signal When an impairment is detected on the reference signal the test automatically stops ...

Page 404: ...ocation of the alignment marker payload sequence for a given lane on the PMA service interface is not detected Error Inv CW Marker Invalid Codeword Marker RX The received Codeword marker is invalid FEC CORR CW FEC Correctable Codeword RX FEC Codeword that contains errors and were corrected FEC UNCORR CW FEC Uncorrectable Codeword RX FEC Codeword that contains errors and were not corrected FEC SYMB...

Page 405: ...transmission period Mismerge RX A CCM frame was received from the peer MEP with same MEG MD Level but with incorrect MEG ID MAID value or format The MAID composed of a Domain ID and a Short MA Name strings is incorrect if one or both strings are not as expected The alarm is cleared when no CCM frames with same MEG MD Level but with incorrect MEG ID MAID value or format are received within an inter...

Page 406: ...eived from the peer MEP with same MEG MD Level correct MEG ID MAID and correct MEP ID but with a period field value different than the one configured The alarm is cleared when no CCM frames with same MEG MD Level correct MEG ID MAID and correct MEP ID but with incorrect period field value are received within an interval equal to 3 5 times the configured CCM transmission period RDI Remote Defect In...

Page 407: ... received A valid frame has its destination MAC address matching either the unit port Unicast MAC address or a Multicast class 1 address refer to page 757 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MEG level matching the local MEG level The alarm is cleared when during an interval equal to 3 5 times the LCK transmission period indicated in the last received LCK frame no LCK frames are received C LOS C...

Page 408: ... information CSF Type 011 TX Generates a CSF frame with CSF type equal to 001 C RDI Client Signal Fail Remote Defect Indication RX A CSF frame is received with CSF type equal to 010 The alarm is cleared when no CSF C RDI frames are received during an interval equal to 3 5 times the CSF transmission period indicated in the last received CSF C RDI frame or when a CSF frame is received with Client De...

Page 409: ...eived TX Generates four consecutive errored framing patterns TIM S Trace Identifier Mismatch Section SONET RS TIM Regeneration Section Trace Identifier Mismatch SDH RX The received J0 Trace doesn t match the expected message value Only available when Enable TIM S RS TIM check box is selected refer to Traces SONET SDH on page 336 AIS L Alarm Indication Signal Line SONET MS AIS Multiplex Section Ala...

Page 410: ...er all frames of the previous STS n STM n signal located in the first STS 1 STM 1 of an STS n STM n signal B2 BIP 8 Bit Interleave Parity 8 bits RX SONET Indicates a Line parity error by performing an even parity check over all bits of the LOH and SPE of the previous frame located in every STS 1 of an STS n signal SDH Indicates a Multiplex Section parity error by performing an even parity check ov...

Page 411: ... concatenated payloads TX Generates a non valid pointer UNEQ P Unequipped Path SONET HP UNEQ HP Unequipped SDH RX The C2 byte contains 00 H in five consecutive frames Only available when PLM P UNEQ P HP PLM HP UNEQ is enabled refer to Labels on page 196 TX Generates an all zeros pattern over POH and SPE H4 LOM H4 Loss Of Multiframe RX For VT TU structured optical frames the system loss track of th...

Page 412: ...STS 1 SPE with payload defect For non VT structured STS 1 or STS Nc SPE inserts the hexadecimal FC code in the C2 byte RDI P Remote Defect Indication Path SONET HP RDI High Order Path Remote Defect Indication SDH RX Bits 5 6 and 7 of the G1 byte contain the 100 or 111 pattern in five consecutive frames TX Generates a 100 pattern for bits 5 6 and 7 of the G1 byte ERDI PCD Enhanced RDI Path Connecti...

Page 413: ... all bits of the previous SPE SONET VC N SDH REI P Remote Error Indicator Path SONET HP REI HP Remote Error Indicator SDH RX Bits 1 through 4 of the G1 byte contain one pattern from the following binary range 0001 through 1000 1 to 8 located in every STS 1 STM 1 of an STS n STM n signal SyncE Note For Wander test application only ESMC Loss alarm is supported Alarms ESMC Loss RX No ESMC valid infor...

Page 414: ...ttern is received generated in the lower order path signal label bit 5 6 7 of byte V5 the TCM byte Z6 N2 and the path trace byte J2 and a valid BIP 2 bits 1 2 of V5 byte TC LTC P TC LTC V HPTC LTC LPTC LTC Loss of Tandem Connection RX TX A wrong FAS multiframe is received generated TC IAIS P HPTC IAIS Incoming Alarm Indication Signal RX TX Bits 1 through 4 of the N1 byte are set to 1110 TC IAIS V ...

Page 415: ...C RDI V HPTC RDI LPTC RDI Remote Defect Indication RX TX SONET The TC RDI is declared when bit 8 of the N1 Z6 byte frame 73 is set to 1 SDH The TC RDI is declared when bit 8 of the N1 N2 byte multiframe 73 is set to 1 Errors TC VIOL P HPTC VIOL Violations RX TC VIOL indicates the number of B3 parity violation within the tandem connection for STS 1 SPE VC 3 and above TC VIOL V LPTC VIOL Violations ...

Page 416: ... outgoing VTn VC n bit 6 of the N1 or Z6 N2 byte TX Bit 6 of the N1 or Z6 N2 byte is set to 1 TC REI P TC REI V HPTC REI LPTC REI Remote Error Indication RX Indicates errored blocks caused within the Tandem Connection bit 5 of the N1 or Z6 N2 byte TX Bit 5 of N1 or Z6 N2 byte is set to 1 Number of BIP 8 violations Bit Number of BIP 8 violations Bit 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1...

Page 417: ...rker Lock 1027 Blocks RX In lock mode four consecutive marker values are received that do not match the alignment marker that the lane is currently locked to The LOAML alarm is cleared when the PCS Lane is declared Lock and two valid alignment markers 16384 blocks 66b apart are received Errors Inv Flag Invalid Flag RX A 1027 bit block with invalid 3 bit pattern is received POSV POS Violation RX Tw...

Page 418: ...nsecutive superframes where 8 N 10 or if N consecutive NDFs 1001 pattern TX Generates a non valid pointer RDI V Remote Defect Indication VT SONET LP RDI Tributary Unit Remote Defect Indication SDH RX Bit 8 of the V5 byte contains 1 in five consecutive VT TU superframes while bits 6 and 7 of the Z7 SONET K4 SDH byte contain the 00 or 11 pattern TX Generates 1 for the bit 8 of the V5 byte and a 00 p...

Page 419: ... of the V5 byte are 000 001 or 111 Only available when the PLM V UNEQ V LP PLM LP UNEQ check box is selected refer to page Labels on page 196 UNEQ V Unequipped VT SONET LP UNEQ LOP Unequipped SDH RX Bit 5 through 7 of the V5 byte contain 000 for five consecutive superframes Only available when the PLM V UNEQ V LP PLM LP UNEQ check box is selected refer to page Labels on page 196 TX Generates sampl...

Page 420: ...f the Z7 SONET K4 SDH byte contain the 010 pattern and bit 8 of the V5 byte contain 0 in five consecutive VT LP superframes TX Generates a 010 pattern for bits 5 6 and 7 of the Z7 SONET K4 SDH byte and 0 for bit 8 of the V5 byte Errors BIP 2 Bit Interleave Parity 2 bits RX SONET The BIP 2 error indicates a parity error by performing a routine even parity check over all VT1 5 bytes of the previous ...

Page 421: ...g SONET signal persists for at least 3 milliseconds TX Generates a non valid framing pattern AIS L Alarm Indication Signal Line RX Bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte contain the 111 pattern in five consecutive frames TX Generates a 111 pattern for the bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte RDI L Remote Defect Indication Line RX Bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte contain the 110 pattern in five consecutive frames TX ...

Page 422: ...CS link down LOP P Loss Of Pointer Path RX For non concatenated payloads a valid pointer is not found in N consecutive frames where 8 N 10 or N consecutive NDFs 1001 pattern are detected TX Generates a non valid pointer PLM P Payload Label Mismatch Path RX Five consecutive frames have mismatched STS signal labels UNEQ P Unequipped Path RX The C2 byte contains 00 H in five consecutive frames TX Gen...

Page 423: ...e Signal Label Mismatch for the expected message defined as well as UNEQ P monitoring Errors B1 BIP 8 Bit Interleave Parity 8 bits RX Indicates a Section parity error by performing a routine even parity check over all Section bits of the previous frame of a composite signal located in the first STS 1 of an STS n signal B2 BIP 1536 Bit Interleave Parity 1536 bits RX Indicates a Line parity error by...

Page 424: ...0 byte contain one pattern from the following binary range 0001 through 1000 1 to 8 located in the first STS 1 of an STS n signal REI P Remote Error Indicator Path RX Bits 1 through 4 of the G1 byte contain one pattern from the following binary range 0001 through 1000 1 to 8 located in every STS 1 of an STS n signal ...

Page 425: ...ailable with Multi Channel OTN allows selecting the channel number that will be used for injection The All button selects all defined channels Type Allows selecting the type of injection either Alarms or Errors Defect Allows the selection of the alarm error defect to be generated Choices depend on the selected Layer and Type Refer to Alarms Errors on page 346 for more information Mode and Rate Amo...

Page 426: ...sociated with the client management frames 10 ms to 1200 ms default is 100 ms User Defined UPI available with GFP layer allows entering the Client Management Frame UPI value when GFP User Defined CMF alarm is selected Lane available with parallel interfaces allows selecting the physical lane that will be used for injection Available for Interface OTL and PCS layers only UPI Description for PTI 100...

Page 427: ... Drop Eligible1 is set to No no frames will be dropped when congestion occurs and is not configurable MEG Level Y 1731 and MEF is the Maintenance Entity Group Level configurable from 0 to 7 default Period determines the transmission period of frames 1 s default and 1 min Not available with C DCI Amount only available with C DCI alarm is set to 1 Note The RDI alarm is available when the CC Function...

Page 428: ...ate and Max Rate Generates respectively the selected error at the rate specified or at its theoretical maximum rate Note The selected alarm error as well as its injection mode and status are displayed next to the Inject button The open close pop up button allows respectively expanding up arrow or collapsing down arrow a pop up for setting the alarm error injection parameters ...

Page 429: ...MTIE TDEV statistics refer to Mask on page 338 Remove Offset Remove Offset check box when selected subtracts the estimated frequency offset from the Time Error Time Interval Error data used to calculate the MTIE TDEV It is preferable to set this setting before starting the test since changing this setting while the test is running will require some time for MTIE TDEV recalculation MTIE The MTIE ch...

Page 430: ...responding mask when enabled Arrow buttons Use the left and or right arrow buttons to move the cursor position on the graph Obs Interval s indicates the observation interval value at the cursor position on the graph MTIE ns indicates the MTIE value and the corresponding mask at the cursor position on the graph TDEV ns indicates the TDEV value and the corresponding maskat the cursor position on the...

Page 431: ...to zoom to zoom un zoom Using a mouse click and drag highest to lowest value to zoom and lowest to highest value to un zoom Offset Remove Offset check box when selected displays a second TE TIE trace on which the frequency offset has been removed Freq Offset ppm indicates an estimated frequency offset of the signal under test since the beginning of the test Zoom Allows zooming to a desired time re...

Page 432: ...ction of the file destination drive and folder Use the Browse button to change the file location The default file location is Users User Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Wander File Name allows the selection of the file name The default file name is Wander followed by the date and time Save Press Save to save the file Close Press Close once the save is completed ...

Page 433: ...ODUk Buttons Tap on an ODUx ODUk button to select the multiplexed level For Multi Channel the ODUk level displayed will be the one corresponding to the selected channel FTFL Indicates the Forward and Backward ODU Fault Type Fault Location Not available with Multi Channel OTN Fault Indication and Code displays the FTFL fault indicator message and its code in hexadecimal format byte 0 for forward by...

Page 434: ... from the list or by typing its hexadecimal code Note Refer to PT Global PT on page 179 for the list OPU PLM1 when selected enables the OPU PLM alarm analysis Copy RX Global Copy RX2 uses the received payload type as the expected payload type For Multi Channel OTN lower ODU layer use the arrow button next to the Copy RX or Global Copy RX to switch from one button to the other Global Copy RX uses t...

Page 435: ...ote For Ethernet flex GFP F client with EXI set to Linear the RX count rate is configurable to either RX default or RX CID Filtered by tapping on the table RX label RX CID Filtered only includes frames that match the expected CID refer to CID on page 5 Client Data indicates the transmitted received client data frames without uncorrectable cHEC tHEC and eHEC errors Possible rate units are Frames de...

Page 436: ...icates the number of received frames with uncorrectable tHEC eHEC errors or Invalid Frames Total indicates the received frames including Idle Client Data Client Management and frames with a reserved PTI Possible rate units are Frames default or Bytes per second RX Mismatch PFI Payload Frame Check Sequence Identifier indicates the number of frames with PFI field not matching the expected PFI EXI Ex...

Page 437: ...is only available with GFP T Valid indicates the transmitted received superblocks without any uncorrectable error Invalid indicates the transmitted received superblocks with uncorrectable error Total indicates the total transmitted received valid and invalid superblocks ...

Page 438: ...raphs tab All button allows viewing the graphs of all subtests simultaneously Throughput Back to Back Frame Loss and Latency buttons allow viewing an enlarged graph view of the selected subtest Displayed Results allows selecting the displayed results mode either Minimum Maximum default Average or Current Step available with Frame Loss allows selecting the result step 100 percent by default to be d...

Page 439: ...EQ Enables the Payload Mismatch and STS AU UNEQ monitoring This setting is coupled with the configuration of Labels on page 196 Expected Select the expected C2 byte from the list Refer to C2 on page 599 for more information VT TU Path V5 The V5 byte is allocated to indicate the content of the VT TU path including the status of the mapped payloads Received Displays the received V5 byte Refer to V5 ...

Page 440: ...card indicates that the device is discarding non OAMPDUs Parser Action reports the Parser Action Forward indicates that the device is forwarding non OAMPDUs to the higher sublayer Loopback indicates that the device is looping back non OAMPDUs to the lower sublayer Discard indicates that the device is discarding non OAMPDUs OAM Mode reports the OAM mode Active indicates that the DTE is configured i...

Page 441: ... operational Remote Loopback reports OAM remote loopback support capability Supported indicates that the DTE is capable of OAM remote loopback mode Unsupported indicates that the DTE is not capable of OAM remote loopback mode Variable Retrieval reports variable retrieval capability Supported indicates that the DTE supports sending Variable Response OAMPDUs Unsupported indicates that the DTE does n...

Page 442: ... Frame Errored frame event Window in second Frame Period Errored frame period Window duration period in number of 64 bytes frames Frame Seconds Errored frame seconds summary Window Symbol Period Errored symbol threshold in second Frame Errored frame event threshold in second Frame Period Errored frame period threshold in second Frame Seconds Errored frame seconds summary threshold in second Symbol...

Page 443: ...umber of frame event errors since the last reset Frame Period The number of frame period errors since the last reset Frame Seconds The number of frame seconds summary errors since the last reset Symbol Period The number of symbol events since the last reset Frame The number of frame events since the last reset Frame Period The number of frame period events since the last reset Frame Seconds The nu...

Page 444: ... the beginning of the test or since the last test reset The format of the time is Dd HH MM SS Absolute default displays the date and time the event occurred The time format depends on the platform time settings For 24 hours the time format is MM DD HH MM SS For 12 hours the time format is MM DD HH MM SS AM or PM Table The logger table provides the following event logger information ID Indicates th...

Page 445: ...ted if the test is still running The Event Logger information will be cleared when the test is reset or started stopping the current test and the unit is restarted Note An entry event remains in the Pending state as long as the event is not completed and it is highlighted on a yellow background color Note The Threshold Crossing events are displayed in red text color Type of Event Nature of Informa...

Page 446: ...of each OBSAI message type is reported Message Type TX Count RX Count Control X Measurement X WCDMA FDD X X WCDMA TDD X GSM EDGE X X TETRA X CDMA2000 X WLAN X Loopback X Frame Clock Burst X BTS only X RRH only Ethernet X RTT Message X X 802 16 X X Virtual HW Reset X LTE X X Generic Packet X Multi hop RTT Message X Others X ...

Page 447: ...t Details When a valid Frame Clock Burst FCB message is received its SFN and c1 values are reported SFN System Frame Number The master frame number received with an FCB message c1 Arrival time of the FCB message Reference Point 1 RP1 versus master frame start ...

Page 448: ...S frames transmitted TX and received RX are displayed for both Label 1 and Label 2 for each Stream Not available for Through Mode test application Total TX RX MPLS Line Utilization indicates the percentage of MPLS line rate utilization in TX and RX Ethernet BW Ethernet Bandwidth indicates the MPLS data rate in TX and RX Frame Rate frames s indicates the number of transmitted TX and received RX MPL...

Page 449: ...rvice due to the absence of traffic or to the detection of defects per lane Disruption Time Defect indicates on which layer and defect the service disruption time test is performed Lane indicates the lane number Longest ms indicates the longest measured disruption time per lane Shortest ms indicates the shortest measured disruption time per lane Last ms indicates the length of the last measured di...

Page 450: ...he longest measured disruption time Lanes with Disruption indicates the number of lanes with service disruption Note When a disruption event is equal or longer than the test period which is fixed to 5 minutes then the measured disruption time is equal to the test period ...

Page 451: ...on on top of the window represents a level of the analyzed signal for which the Performance Monitoring PM is available Each button also displays the PM standard s available for this level Tap a signal level button to get its PM results Note G 821 and M 2100 OOSM are only available when No Pattern Analysis Live check box is cleared refer to page 139 Standard s availability Analyzed Signal G 821 G 8...

Page 452: ...d M 2101 Gives the number of seconds within which one or more anomalies FAS DSn PDH EB etc occurred or at least one defect occurred SES Severely Errored Second For G 821 and M 2100 OOSM Gives the number of seconds within which a bit error ratio is 10 3 or during which one defect LOS AIS is detected For G 826 G 828 G 829 and M 2101 Gives the number of seconds within which anomalies FAS DSn PDH EB e...

Page 453: ...urring as part of a SES Signal SES Threshold DS1 SF 8 frame bit errors Near End DS1 ESF 320 CRC 6 block errors Near End 320 CRC 6 block errors Far End if FDL enabled E1 Framed without CRC 4 28 frame bit errors Near End E1 Framed with CRC 4 805 CRC 4 block errors Near End 805 E bit errors Far End DS3 M13 2444 P bit errors Near End or 5 F bit errors Near End DS3 C bit Parity 2444 P bit errors Near E...

Page 454: ...6 G 828 and G 829 Gives the ratio of the number of SES in available time AS during a fixed measurement interval SESR SES AS BBER Background Block Error Ratio G 826 G 828 G 829 and M 2101 Gives the ratio of BBE in available time AS to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs DM Degraded Minutes G 821 only A Degraded...

Page 455: ...ock G 826 G 828 and G 829 Gives the count of blocks in which one or more bits are in error ES Errored Second For G 826 G 828 G 829 M 2100 ISM and M 2101 Gives the count of the seconds within which one or more anomalies FAS DSn PDH EB etc occurred or at least one defect occurred SES Severely Errored Second For G 826 G 828 G 829 and M 2101 Gives the number of seconds within which anomalies FAS DSn P...

Page 456: ...ng as part of an SES Signal SES Threshold DS1 SF 8 frame bit errors Near End DS1 ESF 320 CRC 6 block errors Near End 320 CRC 6 block errors Far End if FDL enabled E1 Framed without CRC 4 28 frame bit errors Near End E1 Framed with CRC 4 805 CRC 4 block errors Near End 805 E bit errors Far End DS3 M13 2444 P bit errors Near End or 5 F bit errors Near End DS3 C bit Parity 2444 P bit errors Near End ...

Page 457: ...econds ESR Errored Second Ratio Gives the ratio of the number of ES in available time to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval ESR ES AS SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio Gives the ratio of the number of SES in available time to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval SESR SES AS BBER Background Block Error Ratio Gives the ratio of BBE in ...

Page 458: ... Sync and Follow UP Note When the rate is above 150 messages s 150 is displayed TX RX Signaling Announce Reqa Signaling Sync Reqa Signaling Delay Resp Reqa Delay Req a The rate value corresponds to an average rate because these messages are only transmitted received when negotiating or renewing the lease with the Grand Master clock If the connection with the Grand Master Clock was already establis...

Page 459: ...d in sequence messages see Delay Measurement on page 478 Current Average Minimum Maximum and Standard Deviation measurement values are displayed The Standard Derivation is the measure of the dispersion of messages from its mean When a value is below 1μ second 1μs is displayed The pass fail verdict is also displayed beside the maximum value when enabled ...

Page 460: ...ted Last Change indicates the date and time of the Last QL has changed QL Mismatch Monitoring when selected default enables the Quality Level mismatch monitoring Expected QL allows the selection of the Expected Quality Level value Available when the QL Mismatch Monitoring check box is selected Profile ITU Quality Level value PTP Clock Class Description G 8275 1 QL PRC PRS 6 7 135 140 Primary Refer...

Page 461: ...Stratum 2 G 812 Type II QL INV3 88 Quality Level Invalid 3 QL SSU A TNC 90 Type I or V slave clock G 812 Traceable to Transit Node Clock G 812 Type V QL INV5 92 Quality Level Invalid 5 QL INV6 94 Quality Level Invalid 6 QL SSU B 96 Type VI slave clock G 812 QL INV9 98 Quality Level Invalid 9 QL ST3E 100 Traceable to Stratum 3E G 812 Type III QL EEC2 ST3 102 Ethernet Equipment Clock Option 2 Tracea...

Page 462: ...match Monitoring and Pass Fail Verdict check boxes are selected Last Change indicates the date and time of the Last QL Received has changed QL Mismatch Monitoring when selected default enables the Quality Level mismatch monitoring Expected QL allows the selection of the Expected Quality Level value Available when the QL Mismatch Monitoring check box is selected Quality Level value SSM Description ...

Page 463: ...GE Electrical using Slave as Master Slave Clock RX Information gives the count of information frames received for each Quality Level as well as the total of all Quality Level values Event gives the count of event frames received for each Quality Level as well as the total of all Quality Level values QL SSU B 8 Type VI slave clock G 812 QL INV9 9 Quality Level Invalid 9 QL EEC2 ST3 default 10 Ether...

Page 464: ... 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPLS Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack configuration LBR Timeout For connectivity verification Continuous check box cleared indicates the count of LBR Timeout event which occurs if a reply LBR frame with matching Transaction ID to a transmitted LBM frame is not received within 5 seconds For diagnostic test Continuous check box selecte...

Page 465: ...he Peer MEP MAC address destination MAC address matching either the unit port Unicast MAC address or a Multicast class 1 address1 and VLANs matching the unit port VLANs A valid frame for MPLS TP OAM has its destination MAC address matching either the unit MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPLS Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack config...

Page 466: ...or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPLS Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack configuration Invalid DMR indicates the count of received DMR frames from the peer MEP having an incorrect MEG MD Level an incorrect Test ID when applicable or with a valid MEG MD Level and valid Test ID when applicable but with a Frame Delay outside the 0 001 to 8000 000 ms range Delay ms C...

Page 467: ...ching the unit port VLANs A valid frame for MPLS TP OAM has its destination MAC address matching either the unit MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPLS Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack configuration Invalid LMR indicates the count of LMR frames received from the peer MEP with incorrect MEG MD level Frame Loss is calculated count and...

Page 468: ... address matching the unit port MAC address and VLANs matching the unit port VLANs Invalid SLR indicates the count of SLR frames received from the peer MEP with incorrect MEG MD level incorrect source MEP ID or incorrect Test ID Synthetic Loss is calculated count and for both Near End and Far End over all frames received and is updated after each Synthetic Loss measurement period after receiving t...

Page 469: ...ed threshold Longest Disruption indicates the duration of the longest measured disruption time and the channel number on which it occurred The Pass Fail verdict when enabled is displayed next to duration value Last Disruption indicates the duration of the last measured disruption time and the channel number on witch it occurred SDT Threshold ms available when pass fail verdict is enabled allows en...

Page 470: ...time elapsed since the beginning of the test Absolute default displays SDT events based on date and time Units selects the unit used to display SDT statistics μs ms default s or min Time Stamp displays the time or date time for each SDT channel this apply to Longest and Last disruption time statistics Choices are None default Time and Date Time An extra line is added for each channel to display th...

Page 471: ...subtest Direction available with Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology indicates respectively results from local to remote L R and remote to local R L or P1 to P2 P1 P2 and P2 to P1 P2 P1 Burst Size indicates the size in bytes of the burst used for each subtest SLA Verified indicates the committed SLA parameters that are used to declare the pass fail verdict See Summary EtherSAM on page 485 for more...

Page 472: ...he services that are enabled Committed Excess Steps Committed Steps indicate the pre CIR and CIR steps specified in the ramp configuration Excess Steps indicate the CIR EIR and Traffic Policing steps specified in the ramp configuration Direction available with Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology indicates respectively results from local to remote L R and remote to local R L or P1 to P2 P1 P2 and P...

Page 473: ...meters are for information purpose only they are not included in the test pass fail verdict See Summary EtherSAM on page 485 for more information on Frame Loss Max Jitter and Round Trip Latency Average RX Rate indicates the measured average utilization throughput for each step ...

Page 474: ...rofile on page 280 for more information For Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology parameters are displayed respectively for both local to remote L R remote to local R L directions or P1 to P2 P1 P2 and P2 to P1 P2 P1 Metrics Current Average Minimum Maximum and Estimate Jitter measured values for each metric are reported Direction available with Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology indicates respectiv...

Page 475: ... and P2 to P1 P2 P1 Frame Loss indicates that a sequence number is missing in the received frames The pass fail verdict when enabled reports only the verdict when it is fail Seconds Count and Rate values are reported Out of Sequence indicates that the received frame sequence number is either smaller than the expected frame sequence number or is a duplicate number The Out Of Sequence will not be co...

Page 476: ... menu tap Results Streams and the Jitter tab The P1 and P2 buttons available with Dual Port topology allow respectively displaying results for port 1 P1 or port 2 P2 Stream Indicates the stream identification number Jitter ms is measured for each stream on all valid frames in sequence frames valid Jitter tag and no FCS error received Current Average Minimum Maximum and Estimate delay values are re...

Page 477: ...frames valid Latency tag expected originator identifier value and no FCS error received Current Average Minimum and Maximum round trip latency delay are reported Note Latency statistics are only available in loopback test topology Note Delay measurements smaller than 15 μs will be discarded not used for the sampling process and 0 015 will be displayed For the Current value Not measurable is displa...

Page 478: ...dicates the transmitted throughput rate RX Rate is measured for each stream on all valid frames valid Throughput tag with no FCS error Current Average Minimum and Maximum throughput results are reported Refer to Unit on page 314 for unit selection Note A Current value of 0 indicates that no RX rate has been measured in the last second Total indicates the total TX and current measured RX throughput...

Page 479: ...dicates the actual test status as follows The test is not running or results are not available In Progress The test is running Completed The test is completed stopped at the planned time or manually stopped when there is no set timer Start Time indicates the date and time the test was started The date and time is reset every time the test is restarted or reset Test Recovery when displayed indicate...

Page 480: ...X Pattern Analysis Disabled when displayed indicates that the No Pattern Analysis Live check box is selected and in this case no other information statistics are available BER Threshold is available when Pass Fail Verdict is enabled1 Restart Sequence button available with multi pattern clears results and restarts the multi pattern sequence with the first enabled pattern in the list This is the onl...

Page 481: ...are presented in green while the values above are in red When the verdict is disabled the bit pattern error rate is displayed in blue The arrow pointer indicates the current received bit pattern error rate count The Pass Fail verdict is displayed just on top of the meter when enabled1 Bit Pattern Error Amount Rate and Inject The bit pattern error injection and settings are coupled with the Inject ...

Page 482: ...on time is displayed for the lane having the longest disruption time See OTL SDT on page 437 for results per lanes Longest ms Indicates the longest measured disruption time Shortest ms indicates the shortest measured disruption time Last ms indicates the length of the last measured disruption time Average ms indicates the average duration of all measured disruption times Total ms indicates the tot...

Page 483: ...GbE 10 GbE or Ethernet flex GFP F client see GFP F GFP T on page 423 Traffic Traffic Ethernet Note The Traffic statistics are available for Smart Loopback Through Mode and OTN BERT with EoOTN client test applications See Traffic Ethernet on page 528 for more information CPRI Note Available with CPRI Framed L2 Sequence indicates the last Sequence State parameter Standby A L1 Sync B Protocol C L2 C ...

Page 484: ...ount L1 Reset available when Remote Radio Head emulation mode is selected indicates the number of times a request to reset the RRH interface was received OBSAI Note Available with OBSAI Framed L2 Sync indicates the RX State Machine status green for FRAME_SYNC red for other states or gray for pending The TX and RX State Machines are also displayed The pass fail verdict is displayed when enabled Cod...

Page 485: ...ive copper SFP Frequency GHz indicates the frequency of the input signal Offset ppm indicates the frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate at the input signal Note For both Frequency and Offset the following background colors are used Background color Description Green The frequency is in range Red The frequency is out of range or LOC Lane LOC is also displayed Gray Pe...

Page 486: ...om a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Test Status Description Idle state the test is not running or results are not available In Progress The test is running Completed The test is completed stopped at the plann...

Page 487: ...rant message has not been granted Red Session Canceled The Grand Master has canceled the Unicast session Red No Reply No message is received from the Grand Master following transmission of 3 Signaling requests for a message type Make sure that both IP address and Domain refer to 1588 PTP on page 132 of the Grand Master Clock are valid as well as the IP address of the unit s port used to connect on...

Page 488: ...identity type of the PTP port GM Identity reports the clock identity of the Grand Master Clock Priority 1 reports the priority 1 attribute of the Grand Master Cock Priority 2 reports the priority 2 attribute of the Grand Master Clock Steps Removed reports the number of communication paths crossed between the local clock and the Grand master Clock Log Message Interval Announce reports the mean time...

Page 489: ...d by the Grand Master Clock Start Time indicates the time the test was started Code Description 0 5 8 12 15 51 53 57 59 67 123 132 171 186 188 192 194 215 233 247 249 254 Reserved 6 Sync to primary reference 7 14 Holdover 13 Sync to application specific reference 52 58 187 193 Degraded 68 to 79 81 109 odd values 11 122 133 170 216 232 Alternate PTP profiles 80 110 even values a a Refer to QL table...

Page 490: ...s is displayed Note When the Pass Fail verdict is enabled the green region is delimited from 0 to the IPDV Threshold refer to Alarm Timeout Threshold on page 137 corresponding to a PASS verdict The red region beyond the threshold corresponds to a FAIL verdict There is neither green nor red region when the Pass Fail verdict is disabled Quality Level Last QL Received indicates the last Quality Level...

Page 491: ...ire Map Prop Delay Delay Skew and Length Start Time Indicates the date and time the test was started The date and time is reset every time the test is restarted or reset Cable Note When no value is available is displayed Wire Map indicates the Wire Map result for the pair having the worst Wire Map The distance to fault is also displayed when a fault is identified The Pass Fail verdict is also disp...

Page 492: ...rface when the link is up Length m ft indicates the length for the pair having the worst cable length value The Pass Fail verdict is also displayed when enabled Pairs Note When no value is available is displayed Pair indicates the pair number Pins indicates the pair s pin numbers and color of each wire corresponding to the selected wiring standard W BL White Blue BL Blue W O White Orange O Orange ...

Page 493: ...ed pair cables end to end used between the module and a far end equipment may give a straight pair MDI wire map result Note For 1 Gbit s both MDI and MDIX can be reported simultaneously since crossed pairs detection is performed independently for pairs A B and C D MDI Straight pair MDIX Crossed pair MDI For 1 Gbit s straight pair with swapped wires within pair MDIX For 1 Gbit s crossed pair with p...

Page 494: ...through each pair Length m ft indicates the cable length of each pair Short Short circuit between Tip and Ring wires of a pair or Tip or ring wire of a pair is connected with an alien wire grounded Open No cable plugged in remote end open or either one or two wires of a pair are not connected Short between pairs Short between one or two wires of a pair with one or two wires of another pair Short b...

Page 495: ...E Type indicates the detected PSE type Granted Power Class indicates the power class provided by the PSE The Pass Fail verdict is also displayed when enabled Power Presence Description Pos pair Neg pair PSE applies power on 2 pairs Pos pair pair Neg pair pair PSE applies power on all pairs No power detected No power over Ethernet was detected Granted power Class Description 0 Class 0 13 0W 1 Class...

Page 496: ...reported as 59 0 Loaded Voltage V indicates the measured voltage by applying a load corresponding to the configured power class A value less then 5 is reported as 5 0 and a value greater than 59 is reported as 59 0 The Pass Fail verdict is also displayed when enabled Current mA indicates the current which is calculated based on the measured Loaded Voltage and the applied load Power W indicates the...

Page 497: ...g but no test traffic is being transmitted Completed Verdict Test subtest has completed with the test pass fail verdict A fail verdict is declared when a Link Down or LOS is detected or when any SLA parameter fails Aborted reason Test subtest has been aborted either manually Stop or automatically from an alarm and the reason why the test has been aborted is also displayed as follows Link down alar...

Page 498: ...n VLAN mismatch occurred in Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology the direction is also highlighted in Dual Test Set the R L direction label is gray when VLAN Preservation is not supported by the remote module Direction available with Dual Test Set or Dual Port topology indicates respectively results from local to remote L R and remote to local R L or P1 to P2 P1 P2 and P2 to P1 P2 P1 Service Perfor...

Page 499: ...tes the maximum measured round trip latency delay For Dual Test Set the local to remote and remote to local values are reported for One Way Latency Measurement Mode while a single round trip value is reported for Round Trip Latency Measurement Mode see Global Options on page 168 Avg RX Rate for Service Performance Test indicates the measured average utilization throughput Excess Max RX Rate for Se...

Page 500: ...hen enabled The verdict is Pass when all verdicts are Pass the verdict is Fail as soon as one of the verdict is Fail Refer to Bit Pattern Error on page 156 and Latency Tag Insertion on page 159 for more information Start Time indicates the date and time the test was started The date and time is reset every time the test is restarted or reset Test Recovery when displayed indicates that the test has...

Page 501: ... the threshold are presented in green while the values above are in red When the verdict is disabled the bit error rate is displayed in blue The arrow pointer indicates the current received bit error rate count The Pass Fail verdict is displayed just on top of the meter when enabled Bit Error and Rate Amount Manual allows entering the amount of manual error to be generated 1 default through 50 Rat...

Page 502: ...on the optical line at the same time Round Trip Latency Threshold ms sets the round trip latency threshold 0 015 to 8000 ms default is 15 This setting is only available when both Latency Tags and Pass Fail Verdict check boxes are selected refer to Latency Tag Insertion on page 159 Traffic Line Utilization indicates the current percentage of the transmitting receiving line rate utilization Frame Ra...

Page 503: ...for each sub test sequence as follows I O Interface Quick Check Validates the operation of the MDIO I2C interface by sending specific commands to the transceiver Validates the information provided by a status pin and stimulates a control pin of the transceiver Test Status Description Aborted reason Sub test sequence has been aborted and a reason is displayed Missing Optic Invalid Optic Laser Off L...

Page 504: ...a value smaller than the threshold is displayed in green while a value crossing the threshold is in red Only available for parallel interfaces with the exception of transceivers using RS FEC 100GBASE SR4 100GE CWDM4 100GE CLR4 Monitoring Power Consumption graphically displays a meter representing the transceiver power consumption in Watt Not available on 8870 and 8880 modules The Current A and Pow...

Page 505: ...yed as follows Test Status Description Test has not started Disabled Test subtests is are disabled Running Test subtest is currently running Data Transfer Test subtest is running but no test traffic is being transmitted Completed Verdict Test subtest has completed with the test pass fail verdict A fail verdict is declared when a Link Down or LOS is detected or when any SLA parameter fails Aborted ...

Page 506: ...also displayed IFDV ms Jitter indicates the maximum measured Inter Frame Delay Variation The pass fail verdict is also displayed FLR Frame Loss indicates the maximum percentage of frames that are lost Frame Loss Ratio from the CIR step The pass fail verdict is also displayed RX Rate Mbit s indicates either the measured maximum utilization throughput for Service Configuration Test or the measured a...

Page 507: ...TU L R and R L indicates respectively the direction from local to remote and remote to local Test Status Description Test has not started In Progress The test is running Completed Verdict Test has completed and the test pass fail verdict is displayed when enabled A fail verdict is declared if any of the following conditions occurs Link Down LOS TCP Throughput verdict failed or an abort condition T...

Page 508: ...tric Actual L4 indicates the average of actual TCP Throughput metric The pass fail verdict icon is displayed next to the this metric A value greater or equal to the defined threshold gives a pass verdict TCP Efficiency indicates the TCP Efficiency metric based on transmitted and retransmitted bytes Buffer Delay indicates the Buffer Delay percentage metric which represents the increase in RTT durin...

Page 509: ...a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Alarms Link OAM indicates that no OAM Information PDUs were received for 5 seconds Critical Event Indicates that the OAM link partner has sent a critical event notification bi...

Page 510: ...led the number of Successful remote loopback requests the number of Fail remote loopback requests and allows enabling or disabling it OAMPDU Frame Count Indicates the number of transmitted and received OAMPDU frames of the following types Information Loopback Control Event Notification received only Total indicates the total number of transmitted and received OAMPDU frames 1 Statistics are influen...

Page 511: ... displayed indicates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Alarms Errors Traces and Payload Type The results displayed are for the first channel by default Tap on one...

Page 512: ...error for a specific channel including ODUx see page 378 OPUx see page 383 ODTU4 1 GMP see page 373 BERT see page 468 SDT see page 470 received PM TTI Traces see page 525 and received Payload Type see page 421 Buttons use different background colors representing current and history alarms errors An orange background indicates the selected button Background color Alarm Errora a History background c...

Page 513: ...atus field when enabled based on the following criteria The worst pair s Wire Map Prop Delay Delay Skew and Length Start Time Indicates the date and time the test was started The date and time is reset every time the test is restarted or reset Auto Response Manual Loopback Status Indicates the status of the loopback Loopback Active No Loopback Interface See Interface on page 374 for more informati...

Page 514: ...when displayed indicates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Remote unit in use and locked for Dual Test Set indicates that this module is used for Dual Test Set as...

Page 515: ...iteration of the subtest in progress when applicable Step1 displays the current step of the subtest in progress when applicable Displayed Results Select the displayed result mode Current Minimum default Maximum or Average Throughput Back to Back Frame Loss Latency table Each frame size used for the test is displayed with its subtest statistics Statistics values are displayed based on the Displayed...

Page 516: ...Layer 1 2 3 contains the Idle Preamble Start of Frame Delimiter MAC address IP address and data Ethernet Layer 2 3 contains the MAC layer IP layer and data IP Layer 3 contains the IP layer and data Step For Frame Loss subtest selects the step of the testing rate to be displayed Mode For Latency subtest selects the propagation time mode Cut Through default allows the calculation of the propagation ...

Page 517: ...very on page 659 Test Status Description Test has not started In Progress The test is running Completed Verdict Test has completed and the test pass fail verdict is displayed when enabled A fail verdict is declared if any of the following conditions occurs Link Down LOS TCP Throughput verdict failed or any abort condition Aborted reason Test has been aborted either manually Stop or automatically d...

Page 518: ...direction from local to remote and remote to local Actual L4 indicates for each step the average TCP throughput metric TCP Throughput L R and R L indicates respectively the direction from local to remote and remote to local Window KiB indicates the total Max Window 1 KiB 1024 bytes followed by the number of connections and KiB per connection in parenthesis as follows n conn n KiB Ideal L4 indicate...

Page 519: ...TT during a TCP Throughput test versus the Minimum RTT TCP Throughput Threshold of ideal allows entering the TCP Throughput as a percentage of the defined CIR that will be used to declare the pass fail verdict for both directions 0 to 100 default is The calculated throughput based on the selected threshold is displayed for both directions ...

Page 520: ...time the test is restarted or reset Test Recovery when displayed indicates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Test Status Description The test is not running or re...

Page 521: ...7 and VLANs matching the unit port VLANs A valid frame for MPLS TP OAM has its destination MAC address matching either the unit MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPL Labels matching the local MPLS Label Stack configuration Status Description Loss Continuity Loss of Continuity alarm is active Mismerge Mismerge alarm is active Unexpected MEG Le...

Page 522: ...ID 802 1ag and MEF MA Name 802 1ag and MEF MEG Level Y 1731 MEF and G 8113 1 MD Level 802 1ag MEP ID and Period For unsupported Domain ID MA Name and MEG ID the Unexpected Format message is displayed Supported Format Domain ID 1 No Maintenance Domain Name present 4 Character String MA Name 2 Character String MEG ID 32 ICC based format 33 CC and ICC based format ...

Page 523: ... Frames are being transmitted and monitored Completed Test is completed The test with continuous transmission is manually stopped and replies have been received or timed out The test with continuous transmission is automatically stopped by a test timer and replies have been received or timed out All frames of the test with non continuous transmission have been transmitted and replies have been rec...

Page 524: ... of the measured frame delays in the last second Frame Loss Ratio meter available with Frame Loss function indicates for both Near End and Far End the last measured frame loss ratio in the last second Synthetic Loss Ratio meter available with Synthetic Loss function which is available with Ethernet OAM indicates for both Near End and Far End the last measured Synthetic Loss ratio in the last secon...

Page 525: ...yed indicates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Test Status Description The test is not running or results are not available In Progress The test is running Compl...

Page 526: ...enabled ESMC RX Rate meter displays the current ESMC frame rate including information and event frames in frame s averaged over the last 11 frames received The pass fail verdict is also displayed when enabled Note When the Pass Fail Verdict and ESMC Rate Threshold check boxes are selected see page 324 the green region is delimited from 0 8 to 10 2 frames s corresponding to a PASS verdict The red r...

Page 527: ...tch Monitoring check box is selected Frequency Offset indicates respectively the frequency and the offset between the standard rate specification and the rate of the input signal Max Offset ppm indicates respectively the minium and maximum offset between the standard rate specification and the largest smallest rate recorded from the received signal TX QL Message indicates the Quality Level value t...

Page 528: ...recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Test Status Description The test is not running or results are not available In Progress The test is running Completed The test is completed stopped at the plan...

Page 529: ...elected refer to TCP Throughput on page 327 Throughput meter displays the last second TCP Throughput measurement Test Status Description The test is not running or results are not available In Progress The TCP initialization algorithm is in progress Waiting Indicates on the remote unit that the test is started but the TCP initialization algorithm is not initiated by the local unit Established The ...

Page 530: ...erage TCP Throughput measurement Window Size displays respectively the last minimum and maximum TCP window size Round Trip Latency ms displays respectively the last minimum maximum and average round trip time gathered from the TCP Throughput test Ethernet Traffic Note See Traffic Ethernet on page 528 for more information ...

Page 531: ...manually stopped when there is no set timer Start Time indicates the date and time the test was started The date and time is reset every time the test is restarted or reset Test Recovery when displayed indicates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logge...

Page 532: ...d Throughput Jitter and Latency for the selected stream Note The green region is delimited from 0 to the Threshold corresponding to a PASS verdict The red regions beyond the threshold corresponds to a FAIL verdict The Pass Fail verdict is only displayed when enabled see QoS Metrics on page 321 Jitter See Streams Jitter on page 464 Latency See Streams Latency on page 465 RX Rate See Streams Through...

Page 533: ...ates that the test has automatically recovered from a power failure The number of occurrences is also displayed next to the Test Recovery field Refer to Power Failure Recovery on page 659 Logger Full when displayed indicates that the logger is full Refer to Logger on page 432 Test Status Description The test is not running or results are not available In Progress The test is running Completed The ...

Page 534: ...e collected since the beginning of the test Max Absolute TE ns indicates the maximum absolute time error value collected since the beginning of the test The pass fail verdict is also displayed when enabled Note The following statistics are collected using 0 1 Hz High Pass filtering dTEH pk pk ns indicates the dynamic time error peak to peak over a defined observation period refer to dTEH Observati...

Page 535: ...average period has elapsed the value is then updated every second Max cTE ns indicates the maximum cTE value collected since the beginning of the test The pass fail verdict is also displayed when enabled MTIE and TDEV pass fail verdict icons are displayed when enabled Time Interval Error Statistics The following statistics are not available with 1PPS rate TIE ns is the Time Interval Error value co...

Page 536: ...cted Zooming the graph Using the touch screen Tap two points on the graph and drag them to enlarge the view Using a mouse click and drag the region to be zoomed Settings Sampling Rate indicates the sampling rate value TE TIE Scale allows the selection of the Y axis scale Auto default 800 μs 200 μs 2 μs 400 ns 100 ns Number of samples indicates the number of samples collected since the beginning of...

Page 537: ...e one corresponding to the selected channel SM PM TTI Traces Received Message SAPI indicates the received TTI Trail Trace Identifier Source Access Point Identifier DAPI indicates the received TTI Destination Access Point Identifier Operator Specific indicates the received TTI Operator Identifier Expected Message Note The TTI Traces are configurable for SM OTUx PM ODUx and TCM ODUx when TCM is enab...

Page 538: ...Destination Access Point Identifier SAPI and also enables the OTU ODU TCM TIM alarm monitoring Copy RX Global Copy RX2 uses the received SAPI DAPI message as the expected SAPI DAPI For Multi Channel OTN lower ODU layer use the arrow button next to the Copy RX or Global Copy RX to switch from one button to the other Global Copy RX uses the current channel received SAPI DAPI message as the expected ...

Page 539: ...return and a line feed TIM S RS TIM TIM P HP TIM TIM V LP TIM Enables the corresponding Trace Identifier Mismatch for the expected message defined These settings are coupled with the Traces configuration from Traces SONET SDH on page 336 Copy RX allows using the received TIM message as the expected one TCM Access Point Identifier Note Available when TCM is enabled refer to page 307 STS AU Path N1 ...

Page 540: ...receiving line rate utilization Ethernet BW Mbit s indicates the current transmitting receiving data rate expressed in Mbit s Frame Rate frame s indicates the current transmitted received number of frames including bad frames Broadcast frames and Multicast frames in frame per second Frame Count indicates the total number of transmitted received valid and invalid frames Frame Type Displays the TX a...

Page 541: ...entage ratio is not available for Through Mode test application 64 80 82 frames with less than 64 bytes 80 bytes for EoE 82 bytes for PBB TE 64 80 82 frames equal to 64 bytes 80 bytes for EoE 82 bytes for PBB TE 65 81 83 127 frames from 65 to 127 bytes 81 to 127 bytes for EoE 83 to 127 bytes for PBB TE 128 255 frames from 128 to 255 bytes 256 511 frames from 256 to 511 bytes 512 1023 frames from 5...

Page 542: ...o VLAN 1522 1 VLAN tag 1526 2 VLAN tags or 1530 3 VLAN tags bytes 1534 for EoE frame with more than 1534 add 4 bytes to 1534 for each VLAN layer enabled in the encapsulated Ethernet payload and 4 bytes for EoE VLAN when enabled 1536 for PBB TE frame with more than 1536 add 4 bytes to 1536 for each VLAN layer enabled in the encapsulated Ethernet payload and 4 bytes for B VLAN when enabled Total ind...

Page 543: ... Frames indicates the number of received valid flow control frames Frames that have a type length field equal to 0x8808 will be counted as a pause frame Abort Frame indicates the number of received pause frames with a Quanta equal to zero cancelling the pause frames Total Frame indicates the total number of pause time received from the link partner Pause Time Indicates respectively the total last ...

Page 544: ...Mbit s 0 0512μs for 10 Mbit s 0 0128 for 40 Gbit s and 0 00512 for 100 Gbit s Inject button allows generating the defined packet pause time Destination MAC Address check box when selected cleared by default enables and allows setting the destination MAC address The default destination MAC address is the control protocol multicast address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 Interface Range Quanta μs 10 Mbit s 0 to 6...

Page 545: ...ic and the Graph tab P1 and P2 Buttons The P1 and P2 buttons available with Dual Port topology allow respectively displaying results for port 1 P1 or port 2 P2 The graph displays the received line utilization The X axis shows the time in seconds while the Y axis shows the percentage utilization ...

Page 546: ...R are only available with Ethernet OAM received regardless of the sender as long as the following criteria are met S OAM The destination MAC address matches either the local MEP Unicast MAC address or a Multicast class 1 or class 2 address and the VLANs matches the unit port VLANs Refer to Unicast Multicast Addresses for Ethernet OAM on page 757 for more information MPLS TP OAM The destination MAC...

Page 547: ...ort Unicast MAC address or a Multicast class 1 or class 2 address VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MEG MD Level matching the local MEG MD Level Refer to Unicast Multicast Addresses for Ethernet OAM on page 757 for more information MPLS TP OAM destination MAC address matching either the unit MAC address FF FF FF FF FF FF or 01 00 5E 90 00 00 VLANs matching the unit port VLANs and MPL Labels m...

Page 548: ...lays the graph showing the Ideal L4 and Actual L TCP Throughput measured for each Window Sweep step The number of connections and KiB per connection is also displayed in parenthesis as follows n conn n KiB From the Test menu tap Results and the Window Sweep tab ...

Page 549: ...nu tap Results and the WIS tab Traces Label J0 Trace displays the J0 Trace value in 16 bytes format J1 Trace displays the J1 Trace value in 16 bytes format Path Signal Label C2 displays the content of the STS SPE including the status of the mapped payload ...

Page 550: ......

Page 551: ...DH BERT NI CSU Emulation 40 100G Advanced CFP4 QSFP Control X X X 542 40 100G Advanced Lanes Mapping Skew X X 545 APS X X X 550 Client Offset X 553 FDL Bit Oriented Message X X 556 FDL Performance Report Message X X 560 FEAC X 563 GCC BERT X X 577 GMP X X X 579 OH GFP F GFP T X 580 OH OTN X X 585 OH SONET SDH X Xa a The sub tab is not displayed X 591 Pointer Adjustment X X X 610 RTD X X X X X 620 ...

Page 552: ... e e Traffic Gen Mon f f Smart Loopback g g Through Mode h h TCP Throughput i i Carrier Ethernet OAM j j Cable Test 40 100G Advanced CFP4 QSFP Control X X X X X X 542 40 100G Advanced Lanes Mapping Skew X X X X X X 545 Filters X X X X 567 Packet Capture X X X X 571 Ping Trace Route X X X X X X X X X 605 S OAM Link Trace X 626 Traffic Scan X 632 ...

Page 553: ...ons Wireless Test Application Tab Test Application Page 1588 PTP SyncE Filters X X 567 Packet Capture X X 571 Ping Trace Route X X 605 Tab Framing Test Application Page CPRI OBSAI BERT CPRI OBSAI RTD Unframed X X 620 Framed L2 X 623 RTT Framed L2 X 623 ...

Page 554: ... CFP4 CFP8 QSFP Control tab CFP4 CFP8 Reference Clock MHz Allows selecting the reference clock that will be used by the transceiver CFP4 CFP8 QSFP Power Class Indicates the power class of the inserted transceiver module Interface Rate 1 160 Host Lane Rate default recommended 1 40 Host Lane Rate OTU4 174 7031 MHz 698 8123 MHz 100GE 161 1328 MHz 644 5313 MHz 400GE 156 25 MHz 625 0 MHz ...

Page 555: ...is applied only when the selected check box is cleared TX Disable1 check box cleared by default Module Low Power Mode check box cleared by default Module Reset check box cleared by default Module Power Shutdown check box cleared by default CFP4 CFP8 QSFP Status Pins Gives the following transceiver s pin status refer to the CFP QSFP MSA standard for more information 1 Not supported with QSFP Transc...

Page 556: ...ased on the specified MDIO range MDIO I2C Start Address to MDIO I2C End Address Save to CSV button allows saving the read MDIO I2C s addresses and data to a CSV file Note The bulk read size is limited to 1024 addresses MDIO I2C Read Write MDIO I2C Address allows selecting the MDIO I2C address 0x0000 default to 0xFFFF MDIO 0x00FF I2C MDIO I2C Data allows either selecting write or reading the MDIO I...

Page 557: ...Mapping on page 547 Skew Bits indicates the TX relative delay in bit time for each PCS Logical lane To change the skew values see Reset Manual Skew on page 548 400GAUI 16 Lane Indicates the 400GAUI 16 Lane numbers Not available with CFP4 and QSFP RX Skew bits indicates the delay in bit time between the earliest PCS Logical lane and the current lane for the one to zero transition of the alignment m...

Page 558: ...alarm refer to OTL on page 385 for Transport and Ethernet PCS Lanes on page 364 for Ethernet Errors For a description of each error refer to OTL on page 385 for Transport and Ethernet PCS Lanes on page 364 for Ethernet The error values are displayed in seconds by default Tapping on the unit allows selecting either Seconds Count or Rate Total indicates the total of all lanes when Count or Rate unit...

Page 559: ...Lane Marker to the selected PCS Logical or 400GAUI 16 CAUI XLAUI Physical Lane mapping the one pointed by the arrow The Assigned Status column displays a check mark next to the assigned PCS Logical Lanes Range is from 0 to 15 for 400G 0 to 19 for OTU4 100G and 0 to 3 for OTU3 OTU3e1 OTU3e2 40G PCS Logical Lane and 400GAUI 16 CAUI XLAUI Physical Lane columns indicate the target PCS Logical to 400GA...

Page 560: ...ing the TX Skew bits values using the and buttons Range is from 0 to 10550 for 400G 0 to 2047 for 100G OTU4 and 0 to 4095 for 40G OTU3 OTU3e1 OTU3e2 PCS Logical Lane indicates the PCS Logical Lane numbers and All which represents the value for all PCS Logical Lane when the All Lanes check box is selected Skew bits allows setting the skew value for each lane Enter directly the skew value in the fie...

Page 561: ...e s to all optical lanes at once Optical Lane indicates the optical lane numbers and All which represents the setting for all optical lanes when the All Lanes check box is selected Laser check box when selected indicates that the corresponding optical laser lane is activated and emitting an optical laser signal Skew Alarm Threshold bits Allows setting the threshold value that will be used to decla...

Page 562: ...0010 Reverse Request Reverse Request Span 0011 Unused Exerciser Ring 0100 Exerciser Exerciser Span 0101 Unused Wait to Restore 0110 Wait to Restore Manual Switch Ring 0111 Unused Manual Switch Span 1000 Manual Switch Signal Degrade Ring 1001 Unused Signal Degrade Span 1010 Signal Degrade Low Priority Signal Degrade Protection 1011 Signal Degrade High Priority Signal Fail Ring 1100 Signal Fail Low ...

Page 563: ...de Destination Node ID Ring mode 0000 0 Nulla a Default value 0a 1000 8 8 0001 1 1 1001 9 9 0010 2 2 1010 10 10 0011 3 3 1011 11 11 0100 4 4 1100 12 12 0101 5 5 1101 13 13 0110 6 6 1110 14 14 0111 7 7 1111 15 Extra Traffic 15 Bits 1 to 4 Protected Channel Linear mode Source Node ID Ring mode Bits 1 to 4 Protected Channel Linear mode Source Node ID Ring mode 0000 0 Nulla a Default value 0a 1000 8 8...

Page 564: ...8 of the K2 byte Bit 5 Architecture Linear mode Bridge Request Ring mode 0 1 1a a Default value Short Patha 1 1 n Long Path Bits 6 to 8 Linear mode Ring mode 000 Reserveda a Default value Idlea 001 Reserved Bridged 010 Reserved Bridged and Switched 011 Reserved Extra Traffic Protection 100 Unidirectional Reserved 101 Bidirectional Reserved 110 RDI Lb MS RDIc b Operation mode for SONET c Operation ...

Page 565: ...value in the field Increment Decrement Size ppm allows setting the increment decrement value from 0 1 to either 115 that will be used when changing the frequency offset using the or button Client Nominal Frequency Offseta a The Client frequency offset range is guaranteed for a clock source signal at 0 ppm offset In the event that the clock source signal already has an offset the output signal may ...

Page 566: ...flex when the Frequency Offset Analysis check box is cleared Max Negative Offset ppm indicates the maximum negative frequency offset between the standard rate specification and the rate from the received signal Client Measurement range 1GbE 1250000000 120 ppm Pattern in ODUflex Expected Frequency 120 ppm see page 555 Background color Description Green The frequency is in range Red The frequency is...

Page 567: ... to pattern Frequency Offset Analysis check box when selected enables the frequency offset measurements This setting is enabled by default for Coupled topology and disabled for Through Through Intrusive topology Expected Frequency GHz is available when the Frequency Offset Analysis check box is selected For Coupled topology the frequency is set to the configured TX Rate refer to page 139 For Throu...

Page 568: ... Bit Oriented Message codewords are priority messages sent over the Data Link These messages are mostly used for networking operation and maintenance A Bit Oriented Message consists of 8 consecutive ones followed by a byte starting and ending by zeros Injects generates the selected codeword priority message Command Response Amount allows the selection of the number of message to be generated Choic...

Page 569: ...00000100 11111111 Protection Switch Line 5 01001010 11111111 Synchronization Traceability Unknown 00001000 11111111 Protection Switch Line 6 01001100 11111111 Stratum 3 Traceable 00010000 11111111 Protection Switch Line 7 01001110 11111111 Reserved for Network Synchronization 01000000 11111111 Protection Switch Line 8 01010000 11111111 Transmit Node Clock TNC 01111000 11111111 Protection Switch Li...

Page 570: ...essage is part of a Command Response codewords the Command Response LED will also be red PRM indicates that at least one PRM has been detected in the last second Priority The Bit Oriented Messages are priority messages send over the Data Link These messages are mostly used for networking operation and maintenance A Bit Oriented Message consists of 8 consecutive 1s followed by a byte starting and e...

Page 571: ...second If no priority message has been detected is displayed Previous indicates the last command response message detected excluding the current message If no command response message has been detected since the beginning of the test is displayed Note See Command Response on page 556 for the list of possible Command Response codeword messages ...

Page 572: ...t or Network to CI ANSI T1 403 check box when selected allows the generation of a compliant ANSI T1 403 PRM Message Injection Single sends the selected PRM Message s manually Continuous generates the selected PRM Message s continuously Event Count indicates the number of PRM messages sent PRM Bit Events allows the activation of the following PRM bit events All PRM bit events are disabled by defaul...

Page 573: ...cuit type CI to Network or Network to CI Valid Event Count indicates the number of valid PRM messages received Link Activity see page 558 for more information PRM Bit Events table available when the Event Counts button is selected reports the count of the detected valid PRM bit events G1 CRC 1 G2 1 CRC 5 G3 5 CRC 10 G4 10 CRC 100 G5 100 CRC 319 G6 CRC 320 SE Severely errored framing 1 FE Frame syn...

Page 574: ...nd 8 T0 2 represents the message two PRM ago bytes 9 and 10 T0 3 represents the message three PRM ago bytes 11 and 12 PRM G3 5 CRC Error Event 10 LV Line Code Violation Event 1 G4 10 CRC Error Event 100 U1 Under study for synchronization U2 Under study for synchronization G5 100 CRC Error Event 319 SL Controlled Slip Event 1 G6 CRC Error Event 320 FE Frame Sync Bit Error Event 1 SE Severely Errore...

Page 575: ... Mode is the alarm status injection mode Manual or Continuous Codeword DS3 Equipment Failure SA 00110010 Single DS1 LOS 00111100 User Defined 00100000 DS3 Loss of Signal LOS 00011100 DS1 Equipment Failure NSA 00000110 User Defined 00100010 DS3 Out of Frame 00000000 User Defined 00000010 User Defined 00101000 DS3 AIS Received 00101100 User Defined 00000100 User Defined 00101110 DS3 Idle Signal Rece...

Page 576: ...t is 10 Inject generates the defined loopback command Channel Codeword DS3 Line 00110110 DS1 Line No10 01010100 DS1 Line No20 01101000 DS1 Line No1 01000010 DS1 Line No11 01010110 DS1 Line No21 01101010 DS1 Line No2 01000100 DS1 Line No12 01011000 DS1 Line No22 01101100 DS1 Line No3 01000110 DS1 Line No13 01011010 DS1 Line No23 01101110 DS1 Line No4 01001000 DS1 Line No14 01011100 DS1 Line No24 01...

Page 577: ...lid loopback command is detected only when receiving 10 consecutive occurrences of a specific Loopback Command immediately followed by 10 occurrences of a specific Channel Codeword Unassigned An unassigned message has been detected in the last second An Unassigned message is only detected when receiving at least 10 consecutive occurrences of a specific unassigned codeword An Alarm Status codeword ...

Page 578: ...d in the last second of measurement A valid message is detected only when receiving 10 consecutive occurrences of a specific Loopback Command immediately followed by 10 occurrences of a specific Channel Codeword Previous displays the last valid message received excluding the actual Current message ...

Page 579: ...port 1 P1 or port 2 P2 Filters Allows the selection of the filter number 1 to 10 The filter criteria if defined will be displayed A filter used enabled for data capture will not be configurable and the message Filter in use for data capture is displayed Enable Once the filter is configured select the Enable check box to enable the current filter However if the filter configuration contains errors ...

Page 580: ...criterion is possible Refer to Software Option on page 34 for more information The filter configuration section allows configuring the filter criteria for the selected filter The configuration is only possible when the Enable check box is cleared and the open and close parenthesis controls the precedence of operands when more than two operands are used Only one level of parenthesis is supported Wh...

Page 581: ...4 Destination Address IPv4 Source Address IPv4 TOS IPv4 Precedence IPv4 Protocol IPv4 DiffServ IPv6b b Available when the corresponding software option is enabled refer to page 34 IPv6 Destination Address IPv6 Source Address IPv6 Flow Label IPv6 Next Headerc IPv6 Traffic Class IPv6 Precedence IPv6 DiffServ c Applies only to the last next header occurrence when extension headers are used Higher Lay...

Page 582: ...rator AND or OR used between two operands Filter Statistics Indicates throughput statistics of frame matching the configured filter s criteria Line Utilization gives the percentage of line rate utilization Ethernet BW Bandwidth gives the receiving data rate expressed in Mbit s Frame Rate gives the receiving number of frames including bad frames in frame s Frame Count indicates the number of frame ...

Page 583: ... P1 and P2 buttons available with Dual Port topology allow respectively displaying results for port 1 P1 or port 2 P2 Capture Source Specifies what kind of data to be captured Interface captures all received frames and saves them in the capture buffer Filter x captures only frames that match the selected filter and saves them in the capture buffer Select the filter number from the list Only enable...

Page 584: ...ate the frame captured by selecting the desired frame header components Header Layer specifies the header layer level Layer 2 Ethernet Layer 3 IP or Layer 4 TCP UDP IP Version specifies the IP version IPv4 or IPv6 Encapsulation parameters are optional and not selected by default VLAN check box when selected enables VLAN and allows selecting the number of VLANs 1 2 or 3 MPLS check box when selected...

Page 585: ... page 657 On Error starts the frame capture when the selected error occurs FCS Jabber Oversize Available when Oversize Monitoring is enabled Runt Undersize IP Checksum UDP Checksum TCP Checksum Any Type Any of the above errors Field Match starts the frame capture when the configured field match is encountered User the Configuration button to select the field match criteria see Filter Configuration...

Page 586: ...s Status and Controls Capture Status indicates the status of the data capture The capture is not started and has not run yet Armed The capture is started but waiting for the trigger event Capturing The capture is in progress For Post Trigger and Mid Trigger mode the trigger event has been captured and the buffer is filling up Completed The capture is completed Frame Count indicates the number of f...

Page 587: ...if no frame matches the filter and the trigger criteria during the data capture The data capture stops automatically once the buffer is full The maximum buffer capacity is 64 KBytes or a maximum of 2078 frames for rates up to 10GE and 512 KBytes or a maximum of 8192 frames for rates 40GE and 100GE When the capture stops or is manually stopped the following message is displayed Capture completed Pr...

Page 588: ...atically selected and contains the date and time of the capture Capture file bigger than 100Mbytes will be split into multiple files Tapping on the Cancel button stops the capture generation The captured data already processed will be saved Note The export process may take several minutes Once generated the capture file will be automatically opened in Wireshark when the View File After Generation ...

Page 589: ... ODU layer of a multiplexed test The status of the received pattern signal per channel is displayed in green for synchronized red for loss of pattern or gray for pending state PRBS15 Invert Pattern PRBS15 Invert Pattern check box when selected cleared by default inverts the test pattern meaning that every 0 will be changed for 1 and every 1 for 0 For example the pattern 1100 will be sent as 0011 B...

Page 590: ...s selection of the GCC channel on which bit error will be injected Only enabled GCC channels are listed All selects all enabled GCC channels Inject generates bit errors on the selected GCC channel s Reset Resets GCC BERT statistics Pattern Loss and Bit Error ...

Page 591: ...Functions and the GMP tab Channel Available with Multi Channel OTN allows the selection of the channel number Generic Mapping Procedure TX Cm indicates the minimum and maximum Cm value transmitted during the test TX CnD indicates the minimum and maximum CnD value transmitted during the test RX Cm indicates the minimum and maximum Cm value captured during the test RX CnD indicates the minimum and m...

Page 592: ... PLI and cHEC are not configurable Type Header The following settings are available for Client Data and Client Management frame types PTI Payload Type Identifier allows overwriting the Payload Type Identifier PFI Payload Frame Check Sequence Identifier allows overwriting the Payload FCS Indicator PTI Description 000 Client Data Frame 100 Client Management Frame 001 010 011 101 110 and 111 Reserved...

Page 593: ...ped PPP Frame Client Signal Fail Loss of Character Synchronization 0000 0011 Transparent Fibre Channel Client Defect Clear Indication DCI 0000 0100 Transparent FICON Client Forward Defect Indication FDI 0000 0101 Transparent ESCON Client Reverse Defect Indication RDI 0000 0110 Transparent GbE 0000 0111 Reserved for future use 0000 1000 Frame Mapped Multiple Access Protocol over SDH MAPOS 0000 1001...

Page 594: ... default setting is 00000000 Spare allows setting the extension header Spare field Choices are from 00000000 through 11111111 0 to 255 Default all OH Returns all TX overhead bytes to their factory default values 0001 0010 Framed DVD ASI 0001 0011 Framed 64B 66B Ethernet 0001 0100 Framed 64B 66B Ethernet Ordered Set 0001 0101 through 1110 1111 Reserved for future standardization 1111 0000 through 1...

Page 595: ... integrity of the contents of the core header by enabling both single bit error correction and Multi bit error detection Type Header See Type Header on page 580 for PTI PFI EXI and UPI possible values PTI Payload Type Identifier indicates the type of GFP client frame PFI Payload Frame Check Sequence Indicator displays the Payload FCS Indicator EXI Extension Header Identifier indicates the Extensio...

Page 596: ...ossible values are 00000000 through 11111111 0 to 255 eHEC Type Header Error Control indicates the CRC 16 error control code that protects the integrity of the contents of the extension header by enabling both single bit error correction optional and multi bit error detection OH Details Displays the details of the selected OH byte The first column indicates the selected OH byte The second column i...

Page 597: ...verhead bytes are organized using rows and columns structure as per G 709 standard Row 1 OA1 and OA2 columns 1 6 OTU FAS All the Frame Alignment Signal OA1 bytes and OA2 bytes are individually configurable from 00 to FF The default values are F6 for all OA1 bytes and 28 for all OA2 bytes MFAS column 7 OTU MFAS The Multi Frame Alignment Signal byte is not configurable SM columns 8 10 OTU OH The Sec...

Page 598: ... or RES1 JC4 column 15 OPU OH Bits 1 3 set to all 0s and bits 4 8 are controlled by GMP function This byte is not configurable RES column 15 OPU OH The Reserved RES byte is configurable from 00 default to FF JC1 or JC1 JC1 column 16 OPU OH Controlled by GMP function This byte is not configurable JC column 16 OPU OH Bits 1 6 Reserved RES are configurable from binary 000000 default to 111111 Bits 7 ...

Page 599: ...is only configurable from Traces OTN on page 332 The second TCMi byte contains the BIP 8 byte and is automatically generated for each frame This byte is not configurable The third TCMi byte contains the following sub fields This byte is configurable from 00 to FF The default value is 00 when TCMi is disabled and 01 when enabled FTFL column 14 ODU OH The Fault Type Fault Location multiframe byte is...

Page 600: ... TCM4 on page 587 for more information PM column 10 12 ODU OH The Path Monitoring overhead contains the following bytes The first PM byte column 10 contains the TTI byte that is not configurable The second PM byte column 11 contains the BIP 8 byte and is automatically generated for each frame This byte is not configurable The third PM byte column 12 contains the following sub fields This byte is c...

Page 601: ...o 11 Not available with ODU mux Changing the JC value will corrupt the payload Row 4 GCC1 column 1 2 ODU OH The two General Communication Channel 1 bytes are configurable from 00 default for each byte to FF Not configurable when GCC1 check box is selected from GCC BERT on page 577 GCC2 column 3 4 ODU OH The two General Communication Channel 2 bytes are configurable from 00 default for each byte to...

Page 602: ...ing both TX and RX table allowing to see the same TX and RX PSI byte numbers when scrolling from either TX or RX table Foreground Signal Label Indicates the status of the MSI for each PSI either MSI TX black Expected MSI RX green or MSI Mismatch red OMFI or NJO OMFI column 16 OPU OH OPU Multi Frame Identifier is only available for OPU4 of a mapped signal This byte is not configurable NJO column 16...

Page 603: ...content value Note A byte in TX that has no value displayed or is grayed out is not configurable from the OH tab TX and RX Buttons SDH Tap on the TX or RX button to respectively access the overhead bytes in transmission or receive mode STS 1 Timeslot STM 1 Channel Allows selecting the timeslot number for the Transport OH bytes The STS AU TU 3 overhead bytes are always for the timeslot selected in ...

Page 604: ...wth SONET The Z0 byte was used to uniquely identify the STS in question This byte has to be defined in every STS 1 to STS n frame of a composite signal This byte is only defined for the STS 1 2 to STS 1 N of a OC N signal SDH These bytes are reserved for future international standardization They are located at positions S 1 6N 2 to S 1 7N of an STM N signal N 1 B1 BIP 8 Bit Interleaved Parity byte...

Page 605: ...inter indicating where the path overhead begins within each SPE SDH H1 and H2 bytes are combined to form a pointer indicating where the VC Virtual Container frame begins within each SPE Bits 5 and 6 of the H1 byte represent the SS bits and are configurable as follows H3 Pointer Action H3 is an extra byte used to compensate for the SPE timing variation The H1 and H2 pointer tell the receiver when t...

Page 606: ...tching APS The K1 and K2 bytes communicate APS between two LTE These bytes are only defined for the first STS 1 STM 1 frame of a composite signal D4 through D12 Data Communications Channel DCC The D4 through D12 bytes provide a 576 Kbit s data communications channel between two LTEs for administration monitoring and other communications These bytes are only defined for the first STS 1 STM 1 frame ...

Page 607: ...ined with the M1 byte see M1 byte below for more information M1 REI L The M1 byte is used for line Remote Error Indication REI L For STS 3e and OC 3 The M1 byte located in the STS 1 3 indicates BIP violations M0 bits 234 5678 Indicates 000 0000 0 BIP violation 000 0001 1 BIP violation 000 1000 8 BIP violations 000 1001 to 1111 1111 0 BIP violation M1 bits 234 5678 Indicates 000 0000 0 BIP violatio...

Page 608: ...n of the M0 and M1 bytes indicates BIP violations refer to REI L Computation Method on page 308 For M1 Only computation method M1 bits 234 5678 Indicates 000 0000 0 BIP violation 000 0001 1 BIP violation 110 0000 96 BIP violations 110 0001 to 1111 1111 0 BIP violation M1 Indicates 0000 0000 0 BIP violation 0000 0001 1 BIP violation 1111 1111 255 BIP violations M1 Indicates 0000 0000 0 BIP violatio...

Page 609: ... 2 of an STM 64 signal M1 MS REI STM 1 channel 1 of a STM 1 signal channel 3 of an STM N signal N 1 Undefined for all other channels not covered by M0 and M1 E2 Orderwire Provides a 64 Kbit s voice channel for communication between LTEs This byte is only defined for the first STS 1 STM 1 frame of a composite signal M0 Located in STS 1 4 M1 Located in STS 1 7 Indicates 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 BIP vio...

Page 610: ...fy connection between path transmitting equipment and path receiving equipment SDH The higher order AU low order TU VC N path trace byte provides a 64 byte fixed string to verify connection between path transmitting equipment and path receiving equipment B3 BIP 8 The BIP 8 Bit Interleaved Parity byte provides path error monitoring The byte is calculated by performing a even parity check over all b...

Page 611: ... Mapping 12 Async Mapping for 140M DS4NA Async Mapping of 140M in C 4 13 Mapping for ATM ATM Mapping 14 Mapping for DQDB MAN DQDB 15 Async Mapping for FDDI FDDI 3 11 Mapping 16 Mapping of HDLC over SONET Mapping of HDLC PPP 17 SDL with self sync scrambler RES SDL self synch scrambler 18 Mapping of HDLC LAPS Mapping of HDLC LAPS 19 SDL with a set reset scrambler RES SDL set reset scrambler 1A 10 Gb...

Page 612: ...Kbit s channel for communication between two PTEs This byte is only defined for the first STS 1 STM 1 frame of a composite signal H4 Multiframe Indicator The H4 byte provides a multiframe phase indication of a VT TU payload Bits 1 to 4 of G1 Description 0000 No error 0001 1 error 0010 2 errors 1000 8 errors 1001 to 1111 No error Bits 5 6 7 of G1 Description 000 001 011 No defect 100 111 RDI 010 ER...

Page 613: ...pendent K3 SDH only Automatic Protection Switching APS Bits 1 to 4 of the K3 byte are used for APS signaling K3 bits 5 to 8 are reserved for future use N1 SONET The N1 byte formerly referred to as the Z5 byte is allocated for Tandem Connection Maintenance TCM and the Path Data Channel SDH Network operator byte The N1 byte is allocated to provide a Higher Order Tandem Connection Monitoring HO TCM f...

Page 614: ...tes provide for STS STM paths BIP 2 is not configurable REI RFI and RDI Choices are 0 disabled and 1 enabled Signal Label Bits 5 6 7 of V5 Description SONET SDH 000a a These bytes cannot be selected in receive mode Unequipped Unequipped or supervisory unequipped 001 Reserved Equipped Non specific 010 Asynchronous 011 Bit Synchronous 100 Byte Synchronous 101 Extended Signal Label 110 Test Signal IT...

Page 615: ...ace The J2 Trace byte provides a 16 or 64 bytes fixed string allowing the receiving VT PTE to verify its continued connection to the intended transmitting VT PTE SDH Path Trace The J2 byte is used to repetitively transmit a Lower Order Access Path Identifier so that a path receiving terminal can verify its continued connection to the intended transmitter Z6 N2 Z6 SONET VT Tandem Connection Monitor...

Page 616: ...he extended signal label 2 Virtual concatenation Bits 1 to 5 of the 32 bit frame multiframe see Z7 K4 Structure on page 603 contain the LO virtual concatenation frame count while bits 6 to 11 contain the LO virtual concatenation sequence indicator 3 4 unassigned and reserved for APS signaling for protection at the lower order path level 5 7 These bits in combination with bit 8 of V5 are allocated ...

Page 617: ...configurable only with IPv4 Network Layer refer to Modify Structure Button on page 108 The accepted range for IPv4 is 0 0 0 0 default to 255 255 255 255 The default setting for IPv6 is 2001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 or is set automatically to the IP address of the target module from the Remote Loopback mode The destination IP address is configured only when Ethernet IPv6 UDP is selected T...

Page 618: ...c Class TOS DS for IPv6 Enter the type of service Choices are 00 default to FF Flow Label IPv6 value acceptable range is from 0 default to 1048575 Timeout ms Enter the maximum time allowed between an ICMP echo and response Choices are 200 ms to 10000 s 4000 ms by default Delay ms Enter the delay between each attempt PING Choices are 100 to 10000 ms 1000 ms by default Attempts Select n Attempts to ...

Page 619: ...ithin a given delay Timeout Typically a ping command can fail for the following reasons The IP address is unavailable or unknown The time allowed to perform the ping command is too short The remote device is not supporting ICMP messaging To succeed a trace route command shall be acknowledged by the network device within a given delay Timeout Typically a trace route command can fail for the followi...

Page 620: ...ived from a host while executing the trace route function Destination Unreachable For IPv4 When the IP address is unreachable no default gateway for an IP address not in the same subnet or an ICMP Unreachable message is received For IPv6 When the IP address is unreachable no default gateway for an IP address not in the same subnet or address resolution failed or an ICMP Destination Unreachable mes...

Page 621: ...ds Statistics Packets Transmitted indicates the number of sent packets Packets Received indicates the number of received packets The following statistics are only available for the ping test Percentage Lost indicates the percentage of packets lost Min Round Trip Time ms indicates the minimum time recorded for a ping request to be answered Max Round Trip Time ms indicates the maximum time recorded ...

Page 622: ...ton Step Value For STS AU Select the number of positive Increment or negative Decrement pointer adjustments to include into the STS n SONET or AU n SDH 1 default to 1000 For multiple pointer adjustments the pointer adjustment rate is 1 adjustment at every 4 frames For VT TU Select the number of positive Increment or negative Decrement pointer adjustment to include into the VTn SONET or TU n SDH 1 ...

Page 623: ...ected inserts a New Data Flag with the pointer adjustment when the Inject button is tapped For STS AU When NDF is enabled bits 1 to 4 of the pointer word H1 and H2 bytes are set to 1001 when executing a pointer jump For VT TU When NDF is enabled bits 1 to 4 of the pointer word V1 and V2 bytes are set to 1001 when executing a pointer jump Path Range VT1 5 0 to 103 VT2 0 to 139 TU 3 0 to 764 TU 11 0...

Page 624: ...U 12 Regular pointers with one missing pointer AU x TU 3 TU 11 TU 12 Double pointers of opposite polarity AU x TU 3 TU 11 TU 12 Single pointer adjustment STS x VT1 5 VT2 AU x TU 3 TU 11 TU 12 Burst pointer adjustment STS x VT1 5 VT2 AU x TU 3 TU 11 TU 12 Phase transient STS x VT1 5 VT2 AU x TU 3 TU 11 TU 12 Periodic pointer adjustment 87 3 pattern STS x AU x TU 3 Periodic 87 3 with Add STS x AU x ...

Page 625: ...pointer Legend Description When located at the end right of the sequence indicates a continuous repetition of the pointer sequence When located within the sequence indicates a repetition of pointers Regular pointer event or sequence Cancel event Special event like an extra cancel event for example in Periodic 87 3 with Cancel or a missing event from the Regular pointers with one missing pointer se...

Page 626: ...to 60 s default 30 s Burst pointer adjustment T4 STS x AU x TU 3 0 5 ms VT x TU 11 12 2ms T6 30 to 60 s default 30 s Phase transient T6 30 to 60 s default 30 s Periodic pointer adjustment 87 3 pattern T5 7 5 ms to 10 s default 0 333 s Periodic 87 3 with Add T4 0 5 ms T5 7 5 ms to 10 s default 0 333 s Periodic 87 3 with Cancel T5 7 5 ms to 10 s default 0 333 s Periodic pointer adjustment continuous...

Page 627: ...xample of Single pointer of opposite polarity sequence T2 s represents the interval between successions of pointer events Example of Regular pointers with one missing pointer sequence T3 ms represents the interval between back to back pointer events Example of Regular pointers plus one double pointer sequence ...

Page 628: ...n periodic pointer sequence Example of Burst pointer adjustment sequence T5 s represents the interval between successions of pointer events in a Periodic pointer sequence Example of Periodic 87 3 with Cancel sequence T6 s represents the interval between successions of pointer events Example of Phase transient sequence ...

Page 629: ...hen selected generates pointer action with three phases initialization Cool down and pointer sequence Only the pointer sequence is generated when the Init Cool check box is cleared Status indicates the pointer event activity status Initialization indicates that the pointer sequence test is started and is running the initialization phase Cool down indicates that the pointer sequence test is started...

Page 630: ...on 30 sec Double pointers of opposite polarity Basic sequenceab Duration 60 sec Basic sequenceab Duration 30 sec Single pointer adjustment One pointer event per second Duration 60 sec No pointer event Duration 30 sec Burst pointer adjustment Phase transient Periodic pointer adjustment 87 3 pattern Basic sequencea Duration 60 sec Basic sequencea Duration 30 sec Periodic 87 3 with Add Add sequence D...

Page 631: ...ates the difference between the pointer increment and the pointer decrement A pointer jump will reset this value to 0 Ptr Incr Pointer Increment gives statistics on positive pointer adjustment detected Ptr Decr Pointer Decrement gives statistics on negative pointer adjustment detected NDF New Data Flag gives statistics on pointer jumps containing a New Data Flag For STS AU Bits 1 to 4 of the point...

Page 632: ...h as voice telephony or data systems where the round trip time directly affects the throughput rate From the Test menu tap Functions and the RTD tab Note To do a Round Trip Delay test the remote NE should be configured to provide a loopback Note Be aware that RTD requires error free operation conditions to provide reliable results Therefore RTD results could be affected by error injection or error...

Page 633: ...e bit errors when turning on the RTD measurement while the test is running or when starting the test while the Measure Delay button is enabled A far end testing equipment will detect those bit errors Status Indicates the test status of the RTD test The status is only available when the test case is running Ready indicates that the last calibration sequence has been successful and the test is now r...

Page 634: ...ack Last indicates the result of the last Round Trip Delay measurement Minimum indicates the minimum Round Trip Delay recorded Maximum indicates the maximum Round Trip Delay recorded Average indicates the average Round Trip Delay value Unit measurement selections are ms default and μs Count Indicates the total number of successful and failed measurements Successful A measurement is declared succes...

Page 635: ... needed to quantify the time it takes for a signal to cross the remote radio head and come back Note Be aware that RTD RTT requires error free operation conditions to provide reliable results Therefore RTD RTT results could be affected by error injection or error introduced by the network From the Test menu tap Functions and the RTD RTT tab P1 and P2 buttons available with CPRI Dual Port topology ...

Page 636: ...cabling in both directions are the same The Cable Delay appearing on the diagram corresponds to the average value Last indicates the result of the last delay measurement Minimum indicates the minimum delay recorded Maximum indicates the maximum delay recorded Average indicates the average delay value Unit measurement selections are μs default and ns Toffset allows the configuration of the internal...

Page 637: ...propagation delay measured from the Base Station to the Remote Radio Head RRH or vice versa assuming that the cabling in both directions are in the same cable bundle The Propagation Delay appearing on the diagram corresponds to the average value Last indicates the result of the last time delay measurement Minimum indicates the minimum time delay recorded Maximum indicates the maximum time delay re...

Page 638: ...ult starts the link trace process The Link Trace button turn OFF automatically once the link trace process is completed Result The table reports the following information for each valid LTR frames received in response to the last LTM frame sent TTL MEP MIP MAC Address Forward and Term MEP Last Link Trace Status displays the last link trace status TX LTM indicates the count of transmitted LTM frame...

Page 639: ...ion MAC address matching the unit port MAC address and VLANs matching the unit port VLANs LTR Timeout indicates the count of LTR Timeout event which occurs if a reply LTR from the Peer MEP is not received within 5 seconds Invalid LTR indicates the count of LTR frames received with incorrect MEG MD Level or Transaction ID ...

Page 640: ...nabled refer to TX Signaling on page 295 Signaling Mode available with DS0 is configurable to 2 4 16 States for ESF or 2 4 States for SF SLC 96 default is 4 States Channel AB ABCD table Allows the configuration of signaling bits of either the 24 DS0 channels or 30 E0 channels Note Channel numbers for E0 refer to telephone channel numbers Timeslots 1 to 15 and 17 to 31 are assigned to telephone cha...

Page 641: ...Test Functions Power Blazer 629 Signaling Bits RX Signaling Channel AB ABCD table The monitoring of signaling bits of either the 24 DS0 channels or 30 E0 channels is performed when the test is running ...

Page 642: ...751 Bit 12 Choices are 0 and 1 default E1 Si0 is located in the bit 1 of the frame containing the frame alignment signal FAS Choices are 0 and 1 default Si1 is located in the bit 1 of the frame not containing the frame alignment signal FAS Choices are 0 and 1 default Sa4 to Sa8 are located in bit 4 to 8 of frame number 1 3 5 and 7 of sub multiframe 1 and 2 Choices are 0 and 1 default or 0000 to 11...

Page 643: ...s located in the bit 1 of the frame containing the frame alignment signal FAS Si1 is located in the bit 1 of the frame not containing the frame alignment signal FAS Sa4 to Sa8 are located in bit 4 to 8 of frame number 1 3 5 and 7 of sub multiframe 1 and 2 Possible values are either 0 and 1 or 0000 to 1111 depending on the framing TS16 Frame 0 Bit 5 7 8 are located in bit 5 7 and 8 from Timeslot 16...

Page 644: ...will be used to filter the incoming VLAN traffic flows The default setting is All Choices are Level Description All Monitors untagged frames and up to 3 levels of stacked VLAN frames Untagged Monitors untagged frames only no VLAN C VLAN Discovers monitors only frames where the outer VLAN is a C VLAN TPID of 0x8100 S VLAN Discovers monitors only frames where the outer VLAN is a S VLAN TPID of 0x810...

Page 645: ...red based on the scan criteria Link Rate Mbit s Indicates the network link rate based on the received frames with a valid FCS regardless if the frame matches or not the traffic flows and regardless if the traffic flow was ignored due to the limit reached see Limit Reached The rate is expressed either in Line Utilization or Ethernet Bandwidth depending on the Rate Layer selected Limit Reached Up to...

Page 646: ...s are ignored Note Scan statistics are cleared when restarting the scan E VLAN S VLAN C VLAN ID indicates the VLAN ID of the received traffic flow Priority indicates the VLAN Priority of the received traffic flow Note The TPID indicating the Tag Protocol Identifier of the received traffic flow is reported in the test report Statistics Frame Count indicates for each traffic flow the number of frame...

Page 647: ...n For more information see Discover Remote Discover Remote Button on page 636 Inject Inject Button on page 639 Laser Laser Button on page 639 Lpbk Tool Lpbk Tool Button Loopback Tool on page 640 Report Report Button on page 647 Reset Reset Button on page 652 Save Load Save Load Button on page 653 Start Stop TX Start Stop TX Button on page 657 ...

Page 648: ...e modules Subnet indicates to perform the scan based on the current subnet Specific IP indicates to perform the scan for a specific remote module IP address Enter the IP address of the target module Quick Ping tests if the destination IP address can be reached A message displays if the ping attempt is Successful or Failed Scan button scans the subnet or a specific IP see Target to discover remote ...

Page 649: ...ith the remote module the local module can be set for EtherSAM RFC 2544 EtherBERT or Traffic Gen Mon testing Loop Down ends the connection between the local and the remote modules Status Description Idle test application a a Possible test applications EtherSAM RFC 2544 RFC 6349 EtherBERT Traffic Gen Mon Smart Loopback Through Mode TCP Throughput Carrier Ethernet OAM Cable Test 1588 PTP or SyncE Th...

Page 650: ...nding on the active test on the local module If a remote module is in any busy status a user confirmation is required to proceed with the Loop Up command Following a successful connection the IP address of the remote module will be used as the destination IP address for the test Disconnect ends the connection between the local and the remote modules Local Module Identification Module ID is used to...

Page 651: ...3 Laser Button The Laser button enables or disables the laser for optical interfaces For Dual Port topology enables or disables the laser for both optical interfaces ports However when an active copper SFP is used on a port the laser is always on for this port Laser Button Border Color Description Black Laser is off Red Laser is on ...

Page 652: ...Loopback Tool starts looping back the Ethernet frames packets that are received when pressing on the Loopback button from the Loopback Tool tab Note The Lpbk Tool button is available when the main test application is any single port Ethernet test application up to 10G WAN rate with the exception of Through mode Not available on 88200NGE Note The Loopback Tool is independent from the main test Star...

Page 653: ...k Tool is not looping back frames but results are available The test Status indicates Completed when the loopback tool has been stopped Start Time The time when the Loopback Tool was started Transparent Pseudo Physical check box when selected cleared by default determines that the Loopback tool operates as a physical loopback by transmitting all received frames unaltered and without discrimination...

Page 654: ...ernet Layer 4 swaps the UDP or TCP ports and the MAC and IP addresses of received packets having their Destination IP address matching the IP address of the loopback port For Ethernet Layer 3 swaps the MAC and IP addresses for packets having their Destination IP address matching the IP address of the loopback port For Ethernet Layer 2 swaps the MAC addresses for packets having their Destination MA...

Page 655: ...LMR SLR and the total of frames transmitted Responder RX Count reports counts of valid LBM LTM DMM LMM SLM and the total of frames received A valid messages must have its destination MAC address matching either the unit port Unicast MAC address or a Multicast class 1 address1 Loopback button starts stops looping back the frames packets that are received The default value is disabled Responds to me...

Page 656: ...unit STRATUM 3 Recovered Line clock from the input port signal involved in the tool RX Power dBm indicates the current received power level of the optical laser in dBm Green Power level in range Yellow Power level out of range Red Loss of signal or power level is close to damage Gray Invalid operational range value or not supported by the optical transceiver Interface Rate Connector When using Por...

Page 657: ...ttings are applied immediately to the port when the Auto Negotiation check box is cleared The Auto Negotiation check box is automatically selected for 1GE Electrical interface and is not configurable Available with 10 100 1000M Electrical interface Speed available with 10 100 1000M Electrical interface allows the selection of the interface rate 10M 100M 1GE or Auto1 The negotiated speed will be di...

Page 658: ...ble Automatic mode is selected when the Auto Negotiation check box is selected and allows detecting automatically the MDI or MDIX cable type Local Clock is only available with 1GE electrical interface and allows setting the provenance of the clock Master default or Slave or Auto1 Network tab Refer to Network on page 220 for more information SFP SFP tab Refer to CFP4 CFP8 QSFP SFP SFP SFP28 on page...

Page 659: ...n the configuration and results The Report button is available when the test is running or stopped but the report generation is only possible when the test is stopped It is possible to save open import export and delete test report s File Location Public Documents Users Public Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Reports My Documents Users User Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Reports Others use Browse to selec...

Page 660: ...s not editable but can be selected from the EXFO Connect operator list using the Change button Restore Default reverts all Job Information parameters back to the default values Report Headlines and Content parameters are used to identify the report and are not mandatory Up to 30 characters are allowed for each parameter Report Header could be the company name Report Title could be the name of the ...

Page 661: ... the Open Tab on page 650 Turn on Report Generation Prompt check box when selected default displays a pop up every time a test case is stopped or completed to ask if a report generation is desired Format is the file format for the report PDF default HTML and Text Logo check box when selected default allows including a logo to the report Only available with the PDF and HTML file format Select the l...

Page 662: ... Button Open Tab Report files can be opened from this page Tap the Report button and the Open tab To open a saved report 1 Select the file location see File Location on page 647 2 Select the report file from the list 3 Tap the Open button ...

Page 663: ...om the Copy To drop list select where the file s will be copied 4 Select the file s to be copied by selecting its corresponding check box or tap the Un Select All button to select or unselect all files in the list 5 Tap the Copy button 6 A confirmation is displayed tap OK To delete a report or image 1 Select either Report or Image as File Type 2 Select the file location see File Location on page 6...

Page 664: ...utton Tap the Reset button to clear results statistics and logger content The Reset button is only available when the test is running Note The Reset button is not available for EtherSAM RFC 2544 RFC 6349 Cable Test and Smart Loopback test applications ...

Page 665: ...erBlazer Configuration Users User Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Configuration Favorites Public Documents offers two file locations use Favorites for most commonly used configuration files or Configurations for others Users Public Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Configuration Users Public Documents 88000 PowerBlazer Configuration Favorites Others offers two file locations use Factory Defined for factory ...

Page 666: ...ve the configuration file in the Favorites list 5 Tap OK The load function opens and applies the test configuration from a previously saved configuration file To load a configuration 1 Select the file location see File location on page 653 2 Select the file from the list 3 Select or clear the Overwrite report settings check box as required The Overwrite report settings check box when selected defa...

Page 667: ...Delete button 4 Tap Yes to confirm the deletion To add a configuration file to the Favorites list 1 Select Configuration from either My Documents or Public Documents 2 Select the file from the list 3 Tap the Add to Favorites button The file will be moved into the Configurations folder of its corresponding location either My Documents or Public Documents To remove a configuration file from the Favo...

Page 668: ...select a destination file location 3 Select the file s to be copied by selecting its corresponding check box or tap the Un Select All button to select or unselect all files in the list 4 Tap the Copy button 5 A confirmation is displayed tap OK To delete a test configuration 1 Select the file location see File location on page 653 2 Select the file s to be deleted by selecting its corresponding che...

Page 669: ...ate a report To disable this feature see Turn on Report Generation on page 649 Nothing prevents the configuration and alarm error injection setup while the test has been stopped thus if a report is required it should be saved before changing any test parameters to avoid discrepancy between the configuration and results See Report Button on page 647 to generate and save a report file To enable traf...

Page 670: ......

Page 671: ...e unit running Pressing the platform power button for 5 seconds performs a power down reset and is also considered as a power failure condition The Windows Hibernate or Sleep mode is also considered as a power failure condition When the power returns the automatic power failure recovery restarts the platform the module then selects configures and starts the test if it was running before the power ...

Page 672: ...tform user guide for more information 2a From ToolBox X tap on the System Settings button and the ToolBox X button 2b Select the Power on the unit when AC outlet is connected or after power outage check box 3 Make sure that Windows does not require a user name and password The platform is set to require user name and password by default To disable Windows user name and password 3a From ToolBox X t...

Page 673: ...ore information on test timer The test that was running will be re created and started after a power failure if conditions described above are met in addition with the following test time conditions The start time has not expired during the power failure The stop time or the duration has not expired during the power failure ...

Page 674: ......

Page 675: ...eep the unit out of direct sunlight Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations If any liquids are spilled on or into the unit turn off the power immediately disconnect from any external power source remove the batteries and let the unit dry completely WARNING The use of controls adjustments and procedures namely for operation and maintenance...

Page 676: ...4 optical connector re inspect the connector under magnification to make sure that it is clean 3 If the connector is still not clean use a commercial cleaner recommended by the transceiver manufacturer Note Refer to the transceiver manufacturer for more detailed cleaning recommendations and instructions Battery Safety Information The TA modules contain a battery for the insertion counter If the ba...

Page 677: ...e validity of specifications depends on operating conditions For example the calibration validity period can be longer or shorter depending on the intensity of use environmental conditions and unit maintenance as well as the specific requirements for your application All of these elements must be taken into consideration when determining the appropriate calibration interval of this particular EXFO...

Page 678: ... unit conforms to the published specifications calibration may be carried out at an EXFO service center or depending on the product at one of EXFO s certified service centers Calibrations at EXFO are performed using standards traceable to national metrology institutes Note You may have purchased a FlexCare plan that covers calibrations See the Service and Repairs section of this user documentation...

Page 679: ... rate selected for the test case Ensure that the transceiver is supporting the rate used for the test case The transceiver is not compatible with the module Ensure to use a compatible transceiver Refer to Modify Structure Button on page 108 and Specifications on page 675 Unable to edit the Operator Name in Generate Report page This is the expected behavior when the EXFO Connect Server check box is...

Page 680: ...stomer feedback manual exfo com To accelerate the process please have information such as the name and the serial number see the product identification label as well as a description of your problem close at hand Transportation Maintain a temperature range within specifications when transporting the unit Transportation damage can occur from improper handling The following steps are recommended to ...

Page 681: ... the warranty period and found to meet all published specifications EXFO will charge standard calibration fees THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL EXFO BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IMPORTANT The warran...

Page 682: ...r shall be responsible for any failure in the performance of other items to which the product is connected or the operation of any system of which the product may be a part EXFO shall not be liable for damages resulting from improper usage or unauthorized modification of the product its accompanying accessories and software ...

Page 683: ...re not covered by this warranty This warranty excludes failure resulting from improper use or installation normal wear and tear accident abuse neglect fire water lightning or other acts of nature causes external to the product or other factors beyond the control of EXFO Certification EXFO certifies that this equipment met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory IMPORT...

Page 684: ...conditions under which it was observed 5 Return the equipment prepaid to the address given to you by support personnel Be sure to write the RMA number on the shipping slip EXFO will refuse and return any package that does not bear an RMA number Note A test setup fee will apply to any returned unit that after test is found to meet the applicable specifications After repair the equipment will be ret...

Page 685: ...ent services exfo service centers EXFO Headquarters Service Center 400 Godin Avenue Quebec Quebec G1M 2K2 CANADA 1 866 683 0155 USA and Canada Tel 1 418 683 5498 Fax 1 418 683 9224 support exfo com EXFO Europe Service Center Winchester House School Lane Chandlers Ford Hampshire S053 4DG ENGLAND Tel 44 2380 246800 Fax 44 2380 246801 support europe exfo com EXFO Telecom Equipment Shenzhen Ltd 3rd Fl...

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Page 687: ...ce only To obtain this product s most recent technical specifications visit the EXFO Web site at www exfo com CAUTION The operation and storage temperatures as well as the altitude humidity and IP rating of some modules may differ from those specified for your platform In this case always ensure that you comply with the most restrictive conditions either module or platform ...

Page 688: ...mperature Operating 0 C to 40 C 32 F to 104 F Storing 40 C to 70 C 40 F to 158 F Relative humidity 0 to 95 non condensing Maximum operation altitude 5000 m 16000 ft Pollution degree 3 Measurement category Not rated for measurement categories II III or IV Specification TA QSFP28 Size H x W x D 99 x 25 x 56 mm 4 x 1 x 2 1 4 in Weight without transceiver 0 15 kg 0 33 lb Temperature Operating 0 C to 4...

Page 689: ...nal AMI Alternate Mark Inversion APS Automatic Protection Switching ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AU n Administrative Unit n AUI Attachment Unit Interface B VLAN Backbone Virtual Local Area Network B8ZS Bipolar with 8 zero substitution BB Buffer to Buffer BBE Background Block Error BBER Background Block Error Ratio BDI Backward Defect Indication BDP Bandwidth Delay Product BEI Backward Error Indi...

Page 690: ...cation C LOS Client Loss Of Signal C RDI Client Remote Defect Indication C VLAN Client Customer Virtual Local Area Network CAUI 100 Gbit s Attachment Unit Interface CAGE Commerce And Government Entities CBR Constant Bit Rate CBS Committed Burst Size CC Continuity Check CCM Continuity Check Message CE Congestion Encountered CD Connectivity Defect CDF Client Data Frames CE European Conformity cHEC c...

Page 691: ...ue cTE constant Time Error CV Code Violation CW Code Word DA Destination MAC Address DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier dBm Decibel milliwatts DCC Data Communications Channel DCI Defect Clear Indication DM Degraded Minutes DMM Delay Measurement Message DMR Delay Measurement Reply DS0 Digital Signal level 0 64 Kbit s DS1 Digital Signal level 1 1 544 Mbit s DS3 Digital Signal level 3 44 736 Mb...

Page 692: ... E3 European standard for digital transmission level 3 34 368 Mbit s E4 European standard for digital transmission level 4 139 264 Mbit s EB Errored Block EBS Excess Burst Size EC Error Count ECN Explicit Congestion Notification ECT ECN Capable Transport EEC Ethernet Equipment Clock EFS Error Free Second eHEC extension Header Error Check EIR Excess Information Rate EoE Ethernet over Ethernet EoOTN...

Page 693: ...Channel FCC Federal Communications Commission FCB Frame Clock Burst FCS Frame Check Sequence FD Frame Delay FDI Forward Defect Indication FEC Forward Error Correction FEC UNCOR CW FEC Uncorrectable Codeword FEC COR CW FEC Correctable Codeword FEC SYMB FEC Symbol FlexE Flex Ethernet FLOGI Fabric Login FLR Frame Loss Ratio fps Frame Per Second FSD Forward Signal Degrade FSF Forward Signal Fail ...

Page 694: ...FP Framed GFP T GFP Transparent GHz Giga Hertz GM Grand Master GMP Generic Mapping Procedure GMP OOS GMP Out of Synchronization GUA Global IPv6 Address GUI Graphical User Interface H History HDB3 High Density Bipolar 3 Code HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface HDTV High Definition Television Hi BER High Bit Error Ratio Hi BER1027B High Bit Error Ratio 1027 Blocks HP High Order Path Hz Hertz ...

Page 695: ...ronics Engineers IFDV Inter Frame Delay Variation IN Input IP Internet Protocol IPDV Inter Packet Delay Variation IPTV Internet Protocol Television IPG Interframe Gap IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 ISM In Service Monitoring JC Justification Control L Line L Deg SER Det Local Degraded SER Detected L Deg SER Rcd Local Degraded SER Received LAN Local Area Network LB...

Page 696: ...OAML Loss of Alignment Marker Lock LOAML1027B Loss of Alignment Marker Lock 1027 Blocks LOBL Loss of Block Lock LOBL1027B Loss of Block Lock 1027 Blocks LOC Loss Of Clock LOC Lane Loss Of Clock Lane LOCS CSF Loss of Client Signal Client Signal Fail LOCCS CSF Loss of Client Character Synchronization Client Signal Fail LOF Loss Of Frame LOFLOM Loss of Frame Loss Of Multiframe LOL Loss of Lane Alignm...

Page 697: ...TR Link Trace Reply m Minute m Meter MA Maintenance Association MAC Media Access Control MAID Maintenance Association Identification Mbit s Megabit per second MD Maintenance Domain MDI Media Dependant Interface straight through Ethernet cable MDIO Management Data Input Output MDIX Media Dependant Interface Crossover crossover Ethernet cable ME Maintenance Entity MEG ME Group MEG ID MEG Identificat...

Page 698: ...Multiplex Structure Identifier Mismatch MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error MTU Maximum Transfer Unit NAT Network Address Translation NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization nAUI 400GAUI 16 CAUI or XLAUI NDF New Data Flag NE Network Element NID Network Interface Device NJO Negative Justification Opportunity nm Nanometer OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance OBSAI Open Base Station Architecture...

Page 699: ...OR Out Of Recovery OOS Generic Mapping Procedure Out Of Synchronization OOS Out Of Sequence OOSM Out Of Service Monitoring OPU Optical Payload Unit OTL Optical channel Transport Lane OTN Optical Transport Network OTU Optical Transport Unit OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier OUT OUTput P Path PBB TE Provider Backbone Bridges with Traffic Engineering PC Personal Computer PCD Path Connectivity De...

Page 700: ...n PM Performance Monitoring PNO Provisionable by the Network Operator POS Position Field POSV Position Field Violation PPD Path Payload Defect ppm or PPM parts per million PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PRS Primary Reference Source Clock PRC Primary Reference Source Clock PSD Path Server Defect PSI Payload Structure Identifier PTI Payload Type Identifier PTP Precision Time Protocol Ptr Incr Point...

Page 701: ... RDI Remote Defect Indication REI Remote Error Indicator RES Reserved RFI Remote Failure Indication RMA Return Merchandise Authorization RPn Reference Point n RS Regenerator Section RTD Round Trip Delay RTT Round Trip Time RX Receive s second S Section S OAM Service OAM S VLAN Service Virtual Local Area Network SA Source MAC Address SAPI Source Access Point Identifier SB Superblock ...

Page 702: ... Superframe SFN System Frame Number SFP Small Form Factor Pluggable SI International System SID Service Instance Identifier SLA Service Level Agreement SLM Synthetic Loss Message SLR Synthetic Loss Reply SM Section Monitoring SMA Sub Miniature A Connector SMC SONET Minimum Clock Traceable SNAP Sub Network Access Point SOF Start Of Frame SONET Synchronous Transport Signal SP Service Provider SPE Sy...

Page 703: ...d Traceability Unknown SYMB Symbol SW Software TA Transceiver Adaptor TC Traffic Class TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring TCP Transport Control Protocol TDEV Time Deviation TE Time Error tHEC type Header Error Check TIE Time Interval Error TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch TLV Type Length and Value TNC Transit Node Clock Traceable TOS Type Of Service TST Test PDU TTI Trail Trace Identifier TTL Time To L...

Page 704: ...ta Protocol UNCORR Uncorrectable UNEQ Unequipped UPI User Payload Identifier UPM User Payload Mismatch μs microsecond USA United States of America UTP Unshielded Twisted Pairs V VT VC Virtual Container VIOL Violation VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol VT Virtual Tributary VTG VT Group ...

Page 705: ...Glossary Power Blazer 693 Acronym List W X WAN Wide Area Network WIS WAN Interface Sublayer WWN World Wide Name XLAUI 40 Gbit s Attachment Unit Interface ...

Page 706: ... client signal 10GE LAN is accommodated into an OPU like signal designated OPU1e note that the fixed stuff bytes are not left free this is why the 10GE signal can be transported at a lower rate than OTU2e This signal is then wrapped in an ODU1e and then in an OTU1e signal The transparent transport of the 10G base R means that the full 10G Ethernet data rate i e 10 3125 Gbit s is transported over O...

Page 707: ...Glossary Power Blazer 695 10G Ethernet Client The following figure presents a typical network application ...

Page 708: ...test application The Ethernet layer provides the equivalent functionality of the BERT Framed Layer 2 Test application supported on EXFO s Datacom product family with the particularity that there is no Ethernet Physical port as such The Ethernet frame has its Ethertype field set to 0x88B7 ...

Page 709: ...tion may require phase and frequency synchronization 1588 PTP has the capability to deliver both by allowing a Client clock to track a Master clock in phase time of day and in frequency The protocol is based on exchange of time stamps between the Master clock and the Client clock Two methods have been defined in the 1588 PTP standard Delay Request Response mechanism uses message Sync Delay Request...

Page 710: ...is mode of operation is used to synchronize a Client clock in frequency only The Master clock and Client clock phases are not aligned Two step clock mode uses the optional Follow Up message to carry the T1 time stamp One step clock mode uses the Sync message to carry the T1 time stamp no Follow Up message is transmitted by the Master clock therefore less traffic on the network Client clock synchro...

Page 711: ...ommunication link is established between the Master and the Client clock This mode of operation requires a negotiation which is initiated by the Client clock The 1588 PTP messages can be mapped on the following protocols however UDP IPv4 is used for the Telecom Profile UDP IPv4 UDP IPv6 Ethernet 1588 PTP Profiles The purpose of a PTP profile is to allow organizations to specify particular selectio...

Page 712: ...ce being requested Announce Sync or Delay Response durationField is the duration of the requested service 300 seconds by default and configurable from 60 to 1000 seconds logInterMessagePeriod transmission rate of the requested messages If the Master Clock denies the request e g because it has no remaining capacity it will send back a GRANT UNICAST TRANSMISSION TLV with the durationField set to zer...

Page 713: ...icast Announce message service When this is granted and the first Announce message is received the Client can check the QL value conveyed in the clockClass field of the message From there the Client Clock can request service for Sync and Delay Request messages Service requests are reissued at the end of the Announce duration interval to ensure continuity of service ...

Page 714: ...ith its respective upstream Boundary Clock 1588 messages are mapped on Ethernet Multicast A very important distinction that has to be made compared with G 8265 1 is the mandatory use of Boundary Clocks with G 8275 1 With G 8265 1 network nodes such as Ethernet Switches or Routers were not required to be PTP aware With G 8275 1 all network nodes needs to be PTP aware This means that regular Etherne...

Page 715: ... their capital operational cost and increase coverage are at the heart of a revolution in the mobile network To address the situation a concept of decomposition of the radio base station has been developed where the radio basic functions and its ability to transmit and receive radio modulated signals are separated In such a distributed environment a protocol is required to maintain synchronization...

Page 716: ...ace antenna The REC and RE are interconnected by a point to point link This link carries the CPRI protocol and is known in the industry as the fronthaul as opposed to the backhaul that is the WAN bringing the network traffic to the base station The CPRI link can be extended over several kilometers as it uses fiber optics in fact it can be deployed up to 40 km although most field installations at t...

Page 717: ...nnection Since a state machine drives the link parameters rates protocol and C M channel alignment a BTS defined as Master in the standard and RRH defined as Slave in the standard interfaces are defined where the Master initiates the negotiation procedure necessary to achieve this alignment Synchronization Provides precise frequency and frame timing alignment from BTS to RRH to ensure accurate fre...

Page 718: ...RE radio functions It is done through the L1 Inband Protocol which provides a bit oriented channel defined to support link specific alarms R LOS R LOF Also the Ethernet HDLC channel offer two OAM P channel alternatives which are respectively high and low bandwidth with rates configurable based on the CPRI line interface rate These carry proprietary information between the REC and RE Some Vendor Sp...

Page 719: ... is optional Depending on the CPRI signal structure Framed or Unframed the scrambling is either manually configured or negotiated Option Rate Line Coding Protocol Version Scrambling 1 614 4 Mbit s 8B 10B Version 1 No scrambling 2 1 2288 Gbit s 3 2 4576 Gbit s 4 3 0720 Gbit s 5 4 9152 Gbit s Version 1 No scrambling Version 2 Scrambling Scrambling is optional 6 6 1444 Gbit s 7 9 8304 Gbit s 8 10 137...

Page 720: ...nodes for 10Base T 100Base TX or 1000Base T connection is 328 feet 100 meters Straight Through Cable 10 100 Mbit s An Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP straight through cable is required to connect a 10Base T 100Base TX module port to a layer 1 or 2 device ex HUB switch Crossover Cable 10 100 Mbit s An Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP crossover cable is required to connect the 10Base T 100Base TX module port...

Page 721: ...Glossary Power Blazer 709 Ethernet Cables Straight Through Cable 1000 Mbit s Crossover Cable 1000 Mbit s ...

Page 722: ... SONET SDH technology with the bandwidth expansion capabilities offered by dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM technology The OTN consists of the following layers Optical Transport Section OTS Optical Multiplex Section OMS Optical Channel OCh Optical channel Transport Lane OTL Optical Transport Unit OTU Optical Data Unit ODU Optical Channel Payload Unit OPU ...

Page 723: ...d offers specific overhead to manage the OTN s digital functions The OTU also introduces a new dimension to optical networking by adding forward error correction FEC to the network elements allowing operators to limit the number of required regenerators used in the network which in turn lowers its cost FEC allows an increase in the optical link budget by providing a new method to correct errors th...

Page 724: ...n standard rates are also defined OTU1e 255 238 10 3125 Gbit s 11 0491071429 Gbit s OTU2e 255 237 10 3125 Gbit s 11 0957278481 Gbit s OTU3e1 255 236 x 4 x 10 3125 Gbit s 44 570974576 Gbit s OTU3e2 243 217 x 16 x 2 488320 Gbit s 44 583355576 Gbit s The following non standard rates are not covered by the ITU standard but they are the equivalent function associated to Fiber Channel rates OTU1f 255 23...

Page 725: ...ry Power Blazer 713 G 709 Optical Transport Network OTN In order to map client signals via ITU G 709 they are encapsulated using the structure illustrated in the following figure Basic OTN Transport Structure ...

Page 726: ...into an OTU which provides framing as well as section monitoring and FEC Following the OTN structure presented in figure Basic OTN Transport Structure on page 713 OTUks k 1 2 3 are transported using the OCh each unit is assigned a specific wavelength of the ITU grid Several channels can be mapped into the OMS and then transported via the OTS layer The OCh OMS and OTS layers each have their own ove...

Page 727: ...715 G 709 Optical Transport Network OTN OTU Frame Structure and Overhead As shown in the figure below the OTU frame is broken down into the following components Framing OTL OTU ODU OPU overhead OTU FEC OTU Frame Description ...

Page 728: ...ts own specific overhead functions They are displayed in figure OTU Frame Description on page 715 and are briefly described below Further details can be found about these overhead fields in the ITU G 709 standard Optical channel Transport Lane OTL The Optical channel Transport Lane OTL is an adaptation layer whose purpose is to re use the modules developed for Ethernet 40GBASE R and 100GBASE LR4 T...

Page 729: ...d the backward error indicator BEI or backward incoming alignment error BIAE backward defect indicator BDI and incoming alignment error IAE The TTI is distributed over the multiframe and is 64 bytes in length It is repeated four times over the multiframe General communication channel 0 GCC0 is a clear channel used for transmission of information between OTU termination points The reserved RES byte...

Page 730: ...s The tandem connection monitoring activation deactivation TCM ACT field is currently undefined in the standards The fault type and fault location reporting communication channel FTFL is a message spread over a 256 byte multiframe that provides the ability to send forward and backward path level fault indications The experimental EXP field is a field that is not subject to standards and is availab...

Page 731: ...overhead are dependent on the mapping and concatenation capabilities associated to the OPU For an asynchronous mapping the client signal and OPU clock are different Justification Control JC bytes are available to compensate for clock rate differences two methods are supported Asynchronous Mapping Procedure AMP and Generic Mapping Procedure GMP For a purely Bit Synchronous Mapping Procedure BMP cli...

Page 732: ... SDH allowed a single level of TCM to be configured while ITU G 709 allows six levels of tandem connection monitoring to be configured The assignment of monitored connections is currently a manual process that involves an understanding between the different parties There are various types of monitored connection topologies cascaded nested and overlapping Examples of these topologies are provided i...

Page 733: ... at each segment of the network which provides a valuable tool for the user and carrier to isolate faulty sections of the network Forward Error Correction FEC The ITU G 709 standard supports forward error correction FEC in the OTU frame and is the last part added to the frame before the frame is scrambled FEC provides a method to significantly reduce the number of transmitted errors due to noise a...

Page 734: ...a 16 byte parity check The FEC can correct up to eight bytes errors per sub row codeword or detect up to 16 byte errors without correcting any Combined with the byte interleave capability included in ITU G 709 implementation the FEC is more resilient in regards to error burst where up to 128 consecutive bytes can be corrected per OTU frame row Forward Error Correction ...

Page 735: ...rchitecture to bring an ODUk client to any higher OTN interface rate This method supports the ODUflex client signal The multiplexer is identified by Payload Type 21 PT 21 Note Refer to the OTN BERT on page 45 or OTN SONET SDH BERT on page 47 for the ODU multiplexing capabilities The multiplexing strategy is based on the concept of tributary slots which is similar in concept to the SONET timeslot T...

Page 736: ...tification Control bytes and one negative Justification Control byte The new multiplex method also supports the Generic Mapping Procedure as the Justification Control mechanism is still using the OPU OH JC bytes The Multiplex Structure Identifier MSI provides information that is specific to each type of multiplexer provided Can handle multiplex signals with frequency offset of 20 ppm on every laye...

Page 737: ... PCS coding is terminated GFP overhead bytes added Since the PCS coding is terminated it is not possible to transport the Ethernet Link status transparently but it is accommodated by the Forward Defect Indication FDI and Remote Defect Indication RDI alarms over GFP The RDI is used to carry the Remote Fault alarm while the FDI is used to carry the Local Fault GFP F provides rate adaptation between ...

Page 738: ...Network OTN OTN Signal Rates Rate Signal 2 666057143 Gbit s OTU1 10 709225316 Gbit s OTU2 11 0491 Gbit s OTU1e 11 0957 Gbit s OTU2e 11 2701 Gbit s OTU1f 11 3176 Gbit s OTU2f 43 018413559 Gbit s OTU3 44 571 Gbit s OTU3e1 44 583 Gbit s OTU3e2 111 81 OTU4 ...

Page 739: ... over GFP Prior to the introduction of GFP several methods had been used to transport packet services over SONET SDH networks The first method was Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Adaptation Layer 5 AAL 5 over SONET SDH ATM is a very efficient switching and multiplexing technology whose transfer rates scale with SONET SDH rates However ATM does not make the most efficient use of bandwidth because th...

Page 740: ... 2615 The ITU T expanded this work by specifying the use of LAPS very similar protocol to PPP HDLC and specifying IP over LAPS in X 85 Y 1321 and Ethernet over LAPS in X 86 Y1323 All these methods for encapsulating traffic suffer from the weaknesses of HDLC framing i e limited protection from frame corruption and the introduction of variable packet sizes because of its trailer GFP has been standar...

Page 741: ... usually used to support Layer 2 frames like Ethernet MAC that are tolerant to some latency The ITU G 7041 defines the following frame mapped user payloads supported through GFP F Frame Mapped Ethernet Frame Mapped PPP Frame Mapped Multiple Access Protocol over SDH MAPOS Frame Mapped IEEE 802 17 Resilient Packet Ring Frame Mapped Fibre Channel FC BBW Transparent Mapped GFP GFP T mapping mechanism ...

Page 742: ...dure GFP The figure GFP T vs GFP F Features below provides a functional comparison between GFP F and GFP T while figure GFP T vs GFP F Frames below provides a comparison of the GFP frames for both modes GFP T vs GFP F Features GFP T vs GFP F Frames ...

Page 743: ... performance monitoring as well as operations administration and maintenance OA M This is illustrated in figure Client Signal Mapping over GFP on page 727 GFP Frame Structure As illustrated in figure below Two basic GFP frame types have been defined GFP client frames and GFP control frames GFP client frames are categorized into two types client data frames CDFs and client management frames CMFs CD...

Page 744: ...he data services The payload header carries information about the payload type i e Ethernet Fibre Channel etc that it is carrying while the core header carries information about the size of the GFP frame itself Each header contains a header error correction HEC calculation allowing for the correction of single errors that is any errors that occur in the core header or in the payload header can pot...

Page 745: ...ld containing a cyclic redundancy check CRC 16 sequence that protects the integrity of the core header The cHEC sequence is computed over the core header bytes using standard CRC 16 The CRC 16 enables both single bit error correction and multibit error detection Payload Header The payload header is a variable length area 4 to 64 octets long intended to support data link management procedures speci...

Page 746: ... header is present 0001 Linear Extension Header A two octet extension header that supports sharing of the GFP payload across multiple clients in a point to point configuration The linear extension header consists of an eight bit channel ID CID field used to indicate one of 256 communication channels i e clients at a GFP termination point and an eight bit spare field reserved for future use 0010 Ri...

Page 747: ...EEE 802 17 Resilient Packet Ring 0000 1011 Frame Mapped Fibre Channel FC BBW 0000 1100 Asynchronous Transparent Fibre Channel 0000 1101 Framed MPLS Unicast 0000 1110 Framed MPLS Multicast 0000 1111 Framed IS IS 0001 0000 Framed IPv4 0001 0001 Framed IPv6 0001 0010 Framed DVD ASI 0001 0011 Framed 64B 66B Ethernet 0001 0100 Framed 64B 66B Ethernet Ordered Set 0001 0101 through 1110 1111 Reserved for...

Page 748: ... when the EXI field is configured to Linear The CID byte is used to indicate one of 256 communication channels at a GFP termination point Spare A one byte field that is only available when the EXI field is configured to Linear This field is reserved for future use Extension HEC eHEC A two byte field that contains a CRC 16 check sequence that protects the integrity of the contents of the extension ...

Page 749: ... is an optional four octet long frame check sequence It contains a CRC 32 check sequence that is designed to validate the entire content of the payload area The FCS field presence is signalled by the PFI bit located in the Type field of the payload header The FCS does not correct any errors it just indicates the presence of error s In GFP F the transmitter encapsulates one entire frame of the clie...

Page 750: ...epresents a robust mapping mechanism that allows for the mapping of multiple client data types into SONET SDH payload SPEs This technology has been embraced by network equipment and service providers as it provides an efficient way of providing interoperable data services transport over the existing SONET SDH install base The versatility provided by GFP allows SONET SDH networks to offer transport...

Page 751: ... MPLS Labels MPLS Labels The MPLS labels are listed in the following table Label Description 0 IPv4 explicit null 1 Router alert 2 IPv6 explicit null 3 Implicit null 14 OAM alert 4 to 13 and 15 Unassigned 16 to 1048575 Label ID ...

Page 752: ...e their capital operational cost and increase coverage are at the heart of a revolution in the mobile network To address the situation a concept of decomposition of the radio base station has been developed where the radio basic functions and its ability to transmit and receive radio modulated signals are separated In such a distributed environment a protocol is required to maintain synchronizatio...

Page 753: ...ink carries the OBSAI protocol and is known in the industry as the fronthaul as opposed to the backhaul that is the WAN bringing the network traffic to the base station The OBSAI link can be extended over several kilometers as it uses fiber optics In fact it can be deployed up to 40 km although most field installations at the moment of this writing are below 10 km The OBSAI BTS System Reference Do...

Page 754: ... optical fiber in the form of continuous messages as illustrated in the following diagram The OBSAI link parameter alignment setup is driven by two paired TX and RX state machines one pair located on the BTS acts as a Master and the other located at the RRH acts as a Slave The Master initiates the negotiation procedure necessary to achieve this alignment Data User Data Messages IQ Data which repre...

Page 755: ...y Power Blazer 743 OBSAI OBSAI Protocol Stack The OBSAI RP3 Protocol Stack revolves around the 4 layers Physical Layer Data Link Layer Transport Layer and Application Layer as outlined in the following diagram ...

Page 756: ...r 8B 10B Coding Decoding or 10B 8B Coding Create serial bit stream Transmit Receive bit stream on the interface Physical Interface OBSAI offers 4 rates based on a multiple of 768 Mbit s All OBSAI rates use 8B 10B line coding Scrambling is mandatory for the 6 1Gbit s rate When using OBSAI with Framed L2 the line rate and scrambling are normally negotiated following the operation of the TX and RX st...

Page 757: ...menclature SONET only International SDH only European SONET and SDH International Rate SONET DSn SDH PDH International European 1 544 Mbit s DS1 1 5M 2 048 Mbit s E1 2M 8 448 Mbit s E2 8M 34 368 Mbit s E3 34M 44 736 Mbit s DS3 45M 51 84 Mbit s OC 1 STM 0 52M 139 264 Mbit s E4 140M 155 52 Mbit s OC 3 STM 1 STM 1 622 08 Mbit s OC 12 STM 4 STM 4 2 48832 Gbit s OC 48 STM 16 STM 16 9 95328 Gbit s OC 19...

Page 758: ...Sn SDH PDH SONET SDH High and Low Order Path Nomenclature Path Type SDH SONET High Order AU 3 STS 1 AU 4 STS 3c AU 4 4c STS 12c AU 4 16c STS 48c AU 4 64c STS 192c AU 4 256c STS 768c Low Order TUG 3 TUG 2 VTG TU 11 VT1 5 TU 12 VT2 TU 3 ...

Page 759: ...Regenerator Section LOF S RS LOF SEF RS OOF TIM S RS TIM FAS S RS FAS B1 B1 Line Multiplex Section AIS L MS AIS RDI L MS RDI B2 B2 REI L MS REI High Order Path AIS P AU AIS LOP P AU LOP H4 LOM H4 LOM PDI P RDI P HP RDI ERDI PCD ERDI CD ERDI PPD ERDI PD ERDI PSD ERDI SD PLM P HP PLM UNEQ P HP UNEQ TIM P HP TIM B3 B3 REI P HP REI ...

Page 760: ...ries SONET DSn SDH PDH Low Order Path AIS V TU AIS LOP V TU LOP RDI V LP RDI ERDI VCD ERDI CD ERDI VPD ERDI PD ERDI VSD ERDI SD RFI V LP RFI UNEQ V LP UNEQ TIM V LP TIM PLM V LP PLM BIP 2 BIP 2 REI V LP REI Layer SONET SDH ...

Page 761: ... The module supports the Timeslot default and hierarchical two level numbering conventions as per GR 253 Hierarchical Notation The module supports numbering SONET high order path STS 1s and STS 3c using the two level STS 3 STS 1 convention in an OC N For example STS 1 2 3 ...

Page 762: ...s numbering SONET high order path STS nc within an OC N using the two level STS 3 STS 1 For example STS 12c 5 1 SDH Numbering Convention As per ITU G 707 the high order paths are defined using a 2 to 5 level convention E D C B A depending on the rate of the STM n used E the AUG 64 are numbered 1 to 4 D the AUG 16 are numbered 1 to 4 C the AUG 4 are numbered 1 to 4 B the AUG 1 are numbered 1 to 4 A...

Page 763: ...ssary Power Blazer 751 SONET DSn SDH PDH Naming is as follows for each of the following rates E D C B A for STM 256 D C B A for STM 64 C B A for STM 16 B A for STM 4 0 for AU 4 in STM 1 A for AU 3 in STM 1 ...

Page 764: ...ls K the TUG 3 are numbered 1 to 3 L the TUG 2 are numbered within the TUG 3 0 or from 1 to 7 M the TU 2 TU 12 TU 11 are numbered within the TUG 2 1 1 to 3 1 to 4 respectively Examples for AU 4 3 level convention TU 3 K 0 0 TU 2 K L 0 TU 12 K L M where M 1 to 3 TU 11 K L M where M 1 to 4 Example for AU 3 2 level convention TU 2 L 0 TU 12 L M M is numbered 1 to 3 TU 11 L M M is numbered 1 to 4 ...

Page 765: ...Glossary Power Blazer 753 SONET DSn SDH PDH The GUI Grid indicates the TUG 2 x and TUG 3 x values ...

Page 766: ...umber to represent its position That is 1 all the time whether it is used in an STS 1 or it is the DS3 electrical interface The PDH do not have special grouping of the E1 E2 E3 or E4 This means that the PDH has a single number For example E1 number 2 shall be number 2 The E1 in DS3 via G 747 numbering uses the naming DS2 E1 However in the grid the label shall adapt itself to DS2 x or 6 3M x where ...

Page 767: ...of traffic The Physical Layer carries the clock frequency and the Data Link layer carries the Quality Level QL associated to the transported frequency via Synchronization Status Messaging SSM embedded in the Ethernet Synchronization Message Channel ESMC The QL is transported via Information and Event PDUs typically transmitted at a rate of 1 frame per second but this rate can vary between 1 to 10 ...

Page 768: ...sent in a network element NE to determine which port should be used to distribute the frequency to other port s in the NE as well as what QL value to transmit over the ESMC to other network element in the network synchronization chain The actual selection decision is based on the QL value received from the various port s in the NE If none are valid the EEC is equipped with a better oscillator than...

Page 769: ... MEG The address value is 01 80 C2 00 00 3x where x represents the MEG MD Level Multicast Class 2 addresses all MIPs and MEPs in the MEG The address value is 01 80 C2 00 00 3y where y represents the MEG MD Level 8 The following table specifies which address type is used for each frame type Frame Type Unicast Multicast Frame Type Unicast Multicast Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 CCM X X LMM X X LBM...

Page 770: ...ering Database entry or used in any Management operation 1 The default PVID value used for classifying frames on ingress through a Bridge Port The PVID value can be changed on a per Port basis 4095 Reserved for implementation use This VID value shall not be configured as a PVID configured in any Filtering Database entry used in any Management operation or transmitted in a tag header 0 000 Low Prio...

Page 771: ...ts specific slot on the platform Refer to the Controlling Modules Remotely section from the platform user guide for more information The Remote ToolBox allows starting one or several module application s Once a module application is started the application is independent and does not require the Remote ToolBox anymore Thus the Remote ToolBox application can be closed or can be disconnected from th...

Page 772: ...tion behaviors The save load report and data capture functions are associated with the location of the session initiated for Remote ToolBox it will be on the local PC The files are not duplicated on the platform platform The Save Load configurations are saved in the following folder Document 88000 PowerBlazer Configuration The Reports are saved in the following folder Document 88000 PowerBlazer Re...

Page 773: ...ork interface card Windows XP Vista 7 8 10 operating system Note Some Windows applications such as PDF reader Excel etc may be required to open the generated reports Installation Download the Remote ToolBox application from EXFO STORE at www exfo com Run the Setup exe application and follow the on screen instructions to complete the installation A shortcut of the EXFO Remote ToolBox will be create...

Page 774: ...he Help menu displays the help information about the Remote ToolBox application Server Address or Host Name Allows entering the platform IP address or the Host Name The IP address format is IPv4 xxx xxx xxx xxx where xxx are values from 0 to 255 For example 192 168 1 1 To find the IP address of the platform refer to the platform user guide Connect Disconnect Button Connect establishes the connecti...

Page 775: ...e of the module Description displays the description given to the module Refer to the platform user guide for more information Serial Number indicates the serial number of the module Remote Control indicates if the remote control feature is enabled for this module Refer to the Controlling Modules Remotely section from the platform user guide for more information Standalone indicates if the standal...

Page 776: ... version of the application is installed on the local PC The application is downloaded from the platform and installed on the local PC when either the application is not installed or the versions are different Once installed the application is automatically started While downloading the application the Cancel button allows cancelling the download and the installation process Note Multiple versions...

Page 777: ...3 after sales service 668 AIS 353 354 355 356 357 358 378 383 386 395 534 AIS L 397 409 AIS P 399 409 AIS V 406 Alarm Timeout Threshold 137 Alarm Status 565 Alarms 546 Alarms background color 344 500 Alarms Status and Unassigned 563 Alignment 360 All 426 All Channel 243 All Lanes 141 Amount 415 564 Analysis Time Error 419 Analysis Time Interval Error 419 Announce 134 ANSI TI 403 560 Application bu...

Page 778: ...ERT Threshold 329 BIAE 381 386 Bidirectional 253 Binary 297 Binary Hex 217 BIP 2 408 BIP 8 380 382 388 Bit Error 142 156 238 350 469 489 Bit Error Count 469 Bit Error Rate 469 Bit Error Test 492 Bit Oriented Message 556 Block 360 365 BPV 375 BRIDGE 149 150 Bridge Request 552 Broadcast 528 BSD 378 BSF 378 Buffer Delay 496 507 Buffer to Buffer Flow Control 172 Buffer Usage 574 Bulk Read 544 Burst 31...

Page 779: ...3 295 551 564 Channel Assignation Status 242 Channel ID 240 242 channel identifier 736 Channels Monitored 457 cHEC 583 cHEC CORR 370 cHEC UNCORR 370 CID 181 424 582 584 CIR 229 265 281 285 CIR or CIR EIR Frames 163 CIR EIR 229 285 Circuit 560 561 Classification 226 231 cleaning front panel 663 Cleaning Optical Connectors 664 Client 117 Client Data 423 Client Frequency 350 360 Client Management 423...

Page 780: ...roughput 519 Customer Frame TX Rate 320 customer service 672 Cut Through 504 CV 375 468 D D1 593 D2 593 D3 593 D4 through D12 594 DAPI 334 525 526 DAPI ODU TIM 335 526 DAPI OTU TIM 335 526 DAPI TCM TIM 335 Data Size 606 Date and Time 30 Date Stamp 430 DCI 368 Deactivate Threshold Symbols 183 Decoupled 118 Default all OH 582 604 Default Gateway 203 215 216 221 224 Default Mapping 547 Default OTN OH...

Page 781: ...ox 295 DS0 E0 Size 296 DS1 353 501 DS3 354 DSCP Codepoints 218 DSn PDH BERT 53 DSn PDH Multiplexing 117 DSX MON 149 dTEH Observation Period s 339 dTEH pk pk ns 522 Dual RX 119 Dual Test Set 165 252 264 DUPLEX 25 Duplex 185 Duration 266 330 339 432 Dying Gasp 498 Dynamic Ramp 169 E E0 check box 295 E1 355 592 E2 356 597 E3 357 E4 358 EB 440 443 E bit 356 EBS 167 286 EBS Test Time 164 EC 440 443 ECN...

Page 782: ...ent Running Total 431 Exc Coll 361 Exc Skew 365 385 Excess Burst Test 459 Excess Steps 460 Excessive Skew Test 492 EXFO Worx Interop 264 EXI 181 424 581 583 Exit button 34 EXM 368 EXP 588 Expected 179 337 422 Expected Frequency 555 Expected Message 333 Expected QL 137 323 448 450 EXT CLK 17 18 20 22 25 Ext Clock In 149 Extension Header 582 extension header identifier 734 extension HEC 736 External...

Page 783: ...54 512 Frame Delay Threshold 269 Frame Distribution 253 Frame Format 206 220 Frame Loss 232 273 321 322 391 455 463 464 487 494 503 Frame Loss Out of Sequence Stream 464 Frame Loss button 426 Frame Loss Configuration 259 Frame Loss Rate 286 519 Frame Loss Ratio 512 Frame Loss Threshold 269 Frame Number 575 Frame Rate 436 490 528 570 642 Frame Size 159 161 230 254 275 278 282 313 317 426 529 Frame ...

Page 784: ... GFP SB CORR Post 371 GFP SB CORR Pre 371 GFP SB UNCORR 372 GFP T 181 GFP tHEC CORR 370 GFP tHEC UNCORR 371 GFP UPM 368 GFP UserDefined CMF 370 Global EtherSAM 165 RFC 2544 252 253 Services 277 Streams 313 Global alarm 32 Global Copy RX 422 526 Global indicator 31 Global IPv6 Address 214 223 Global Options 168 253 279 314 Global Pass Fail Verdict 321 Global Test Duration Estimate 167 Global Thresh...

Page 785: ...Size 328 Inject 489 532 556 564 611 Inject button 413 416 Injection 560 Injects 556 inserting a module 11 Inserting and Removing Transceiver Adaptor TA 12 Interface 182 200 245 329 374 501 571 Interface block 106 Interface ID Coupled 214 223 Interface Type 149 151 Interface Rate 108 120 126 128 129 200 644 Internal 148 154 644 Internal 1 160 152 Internal 1 40 152 Internal 1 8 152 Interval CW 183 I...

Page 786: ...57 LASER 25 Laser 192 287 Laser OFF at Start Up 193 202 247 288 Laser On 667 Laser ON OFF 193 288 549 Last 345 Last Change 448 478 515 Last Disruption 457 Last Link Trace Status 626 Last QL Message 515 Last QL Received 448 450 478 Late Coll 361 Latency 232 322 462 465 494 503 519 Streams 465 Latency button 426 Latency Configuration 260 Latency Measurement Mode 168 Latency Tag 159 Latency Tag Inser...

Page 787: ... S 397 Logger 432 Logger Full 467 474 488 497 499 502 506 508 513 516 519 521 Logical Lane 545 546 Login 173 Logo 649 LOL 385 LOM 387 LOMF 355 Longest Disruption 438 457 LOOMFI 383 Loop Down 637 Loop UP 637 Loopback 273 298 311 452 565 643 Loopback Commands 564 566 Loopback Mode 125 642 Loop Down 250 299 301 Loop Up 250 299 301 LOP P 399 410 LOPPS L 168 351 LOPPS R 168 351 LOP V 406 LOR 385 LOS 37...

Page 788: ... Offset 176 293 554 Max Offset 195 Max Positive Offset 176 293 555 Max Rate 256 259 Maximum 345 Maximum OAMPDU Size 428 Maximum test duration 338 Maximum Window Size 328 MD Level 271 MDIO Bulk Read 544 MDIO Address 544 MDIO Data 544 MDIO End Address 544 MDIO Start Address 544 Measure Delay button 621 Mechanism 133 MEF 267 MEG ID 270 MEG Level 271 415 MEP ID 271 Message Group 472 Message Rate 134 M...

Page 789: ...2 Multi Channel OTN 44 Multipexer Action 428 Multiple Connections 265 N N1 601 N2 603 n Burst 319 NDF 619 Near End 440 Negative 195 Negotiation Status 133 475 Network 220 Network block 101 Network Details 226 248 Network Layer 206 New Data Flag 611 New Pointer 611 Next HOP Router 270 n Frame 319 NI CSU Emulation 58 NJ0 590 No Defect Time 143 158 239 No NDF 619 No Pattern Analysis Live 139 156 237 ...

Page 790: ...OPU Tributary Slots 303 OPU PLM 180 422 OPUx 383 OTL 385 716 OTL SDT 437 OTN 585 OTN BERT 45 OTN BIP 8 365 OTN Multiplexing 113 OTN SONET SDH BERT 47 OTU 717 OTU frame structure 715 OTU overhead 715 OTU1 302 OTU1e 302 OTU1f 302 OTU2 302 OTU2e 302 OTU2f 302 OTU3 302 OTU3e1 302 OTU3e2 302 OTU4 302 OTUx 386 OUI 210 428 Out of Seq 391 Out of Sequence 321 322 463 464 520 Oversize 361 367 Oversize Monit...

Page 791: ...teria 232 286 Performance Information 562 Performance Monitoring 439 Performance Report Message 560 Performance Test 227 Period 272 274 320 414 415 pFCS 372 PFI 424 580 583 PHY Type 121 200 Physical clock port 106 Physical Interface Electrical 289 Optical 287 Physical interface port 105 Ping Trace Route 605 Ping button 606 Pins 480 PLI 583 PLM 384 PLM P 400 410 PLM P UNEQ P 411 427 PLM V 197 407 P...

Page 792: ...515 QL Mismatch 390 401 QL Mismatch Frame Count 451 515 QL Mismatch Monitoring 137 323 448 450 QL Rate 324 QoS Metrics 321 391 QoS Metrics Tags Insertion 314 QSFP 17 18 20 147 QSFP Control 542 QSFP Control Pins 543 QSFP MDIO I2C Access Interface 544 QSFP Power Class 542 QSFP Status Pins 543 QSFP28 22 Quality Level 137 448 450 478 Quantity 242 253 Quick Ping 133 216 327 R R Deg SER 362 RAI 352 353 ...

Page 793: ...424 Reserved PTI 424 Reset 622 Reset button 652 Reset Skew 548 Resolve MAC 270 Resolve MAC Address 210 216 251 Responder 535 Restore 1588 PTP Defaults 138 340 Restore Cable Test Defaults 146 Restore Carrier EThernet OAM Defaults 276 Restore CPRI OBSAI Defaults 158 Restore Default 283 325 Restore Default at Start Up 325 Restore EtherBERT Defaults 155 Restore EtherSAM Defaults 168 Restore Multi Chan...

Page 794: ... 329 RX Rate 462 466 494 RX Seed 189 RX Signaling 629 RX SLR 456 RX Structure Match 241 RX Termination 290 RX TST 453 S S F 504 S1 307 594 Sa4 630 631 Sa5 630 631 Sa6 630 631 Sa7 630 631 Sa8 630 631 safety battery 664 caution 3 conventions 3 warning 3 Sampling Rate 338 524 SAPI 333 525 SAPI ODU TIM 335 526 SAPI OTU TIM 335 526 SAPI TCM TIM 335 Save TE Data 420 Save TIE Data 420 Save to CSV 544 Sav...

Page 795: ...31 Si1 630 631 SID 209 Signal 171 287 Signal Auto Detect 131 Signal Configuration 293 DSn PDH 294 OTN 302 SONET SDH 307 signal rates 726 745 Signaling Bits 628 Signaling Mode 628 Single 620 Skew 545 Skew Alarm Threshold 364 549 Skew Threshold 329 SLA button 278 SLA Parameters 285 462 SLA Verified 459 460 SLM 534 535 643 SLR 535 643 SM 585 SM TTI Traces 332 525 Smart Loopback 68 311 SMB 25 S OAM 20...

Page 796: ... storage requirements 663 Stream 315 464 465 466 520 605 Stream Name 313 Stream Selection 204 Stream Selection and Activation 315 STS Path C2 196 427 STS Path J1 527 STS Path N1 337 527 STS 1 Timeslot 591 STS x 399 Subchannel 187 Subnet 636 Subnet Mask 203 216 221 Subtest Duration 167 Subtests 166 253 RFC 2544 255 Subtests EtherSAM Service Configuration Test 227 Summary 467 499 1588 PTP 474 Cable ...

Page 797: ... V 404 TC TIM 337 TC TIM P 403 527 TC TIM V 403 527 TC UNEQ P 308 402 TC UNEQ V 308 402 TC VIOL P 403 TC VIOL V 403 TDEV 418 TE ns 522 TE Scale 524 technical specifications 2 675 technical support 668 Temp Threshold 329 Temperature 492 temperature for storage 663 TERM 149 150 Termination 149 Test 273 453 Test Applications 41 Test Block 106 Test Configurator 95 Ethernet Test Applications 102 Fibre ...

Page 798: ...424 425 Total Burst Test Time 164 Total Frame 531 Total Number of Bytes 572 Total PTP Messages 478 Total TX Rate 279 281 314 321 Total TX RX MPLS 436 Trace Route 607 Traces 537 OTN 457 525 SONET SDH 336 527 Traffic 490 528 Traffic Class TOS DS 217 Traffic Ethernet 471 Traffic Gen Mon 66 Traffic Monitoring 534 Traffic Policing 284 Traffic Scan 632 Transceiver Adaptor Insertion Counter 326 Transceiv...

Page 799: ...r Adjustment 610 TX Power 192 287 TX Power Range 329 TX Rate 139 160 274 313 319 460 466 TX Seed 189 TX Signaling 295 628 TX SLM 456 TX to RX 253 TX TST 453 Type 162 190 208 211 225 413 Type Header 580 type HEC field 736 Type Of Service 217 U UAS 442 445 UDP 219 311 UDP Checksum 376 UDP TCP 642 Unassign 243 Unassigned 558 565 Undersize 361 367 UNEQ P 399 410 UNEQ V 197 407 Unexp MEP 394 Unexp Peri...

Page 800: ...riority 758 VLAN Tag 206 207 225 Voice 316 Voice Codec 281 316 VT 406 VT Path 310 VT Path V5 196 427 VT Path Z6 337 527 W Wander 77 warranty certification 671 exclusions 671 general 669 liability 670 null and void 669 Wavelength 192 287 Window 430 Window KiB 496 506 Window Size 518 Window Size Target per Connection 265 Window Sweep 506 536 Windows Size Unit 517 Wire Map 479 Wire Map Test Result 48...

Page 801: ... 䈕ᴹᇣ 䍘㠣ቁ 䈕䜘ԦⲴḀа 䍘ᶀᯉѝⲴਜ਼䟿䎵ࠪ d ϮϲϱϳϮ ḷ 㿴ᇊⲴ䲀䟿㾱 DŽ ḷ䇠ĀyāⲴ䜘ԦˈⲶഐ ޘ ᢰᵟਁኅ ᒣ䲀ࡦ㘼ᰐ ᇎ ᴹᇣ 䍘ⲴᴯԓDŽ D I DSSOLFDEOH ྲ 䘲 DŽ 1 6 5 8 7 21 21 5 675 7 21 2 5 286 68 67 1 6 5R 6 Ḕ ṵডᇣ 䍘䲀ࡦⲴ㿴ᇊ 1 0 6 1 217 176 2 7 72 25 5 286 68 67 1 6 25 0 176 217 1 1 7 6 2 352 8 7 वਜ਼ ᵜ 2 ӗ ѝⲴᴹ ᴹᇣ 䍘ᡆ ݳ Ⲵ ਜ਼䟿 3DUW 1DPH 䜘Ԧ HDG 䫵 3E 0HUFXU J DGPLXP 䭹 G H DYDOHQW KURPLXP ޝ ԧ䬜 U 9 3RO EURPLQDWHG ELSKHQ OV ཊⓤ㚄㤟 3 3RO EURPLQDWHG GLSKHQ O HWKHUV ཊⓤҼ㤟...

Page 802: ...0 5 1 5 48 5 0 176 ḷ 㾱 Ă Ĩ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ ྲ 䘲 DŽ WƌŽĚƵĐƚ ӗ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƐĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ LJĞĂƌƐͿ ຳ ᣔ ᵏ䲀 ᒤ ŽŐŽ ḷᘇ dŚŝƐ y K ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ᵜ y K ӗ ϭϬ ĂƚƚĞƌLJD ϱ ...

Page 803: ...1 EXFO ASIA PACIFIC 62 Ubi Road 1 09 01 02 Oxley Bizhub 2 SINGAPORE 408734 Tel 65 6333 8241 Fax 65 6333 8242 EXFO CHINA Beijing Global Trade Center Tower C Room 1207 36 North Third Ring Road East Dongcheng District Beijing 100013 P R CHINA Tel 86 10 5825 7755 Fax 86 10 5825 7722 EXFO SERVICE ASSURANCE 250 Apollo Drive Chelmsford MA 01824 USA Tel 1 978 367 5600 Fax 1 978 367 5700 EXFO FINLAND Elekt...

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