R&S
®
ZVL
System Overview
Calibration Overview
Quick Start Guide 1303.6538.62-01
94
3.3.1 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits
A calibration kit is a set of physical calibration standards for a particular connector type.
The magnitude and phase response of the calibration standards (i.e. their S-
parameters) must be known or predictable within a given frequency range.
The standards are grouped into several types (open, through, match,...) corresponding
to the different input quantities for the analyzer's error models. The standard type also
determines the equivalent circuit model used to describe its properties. The circuit
model depends on several parameters that are stored in the cal kit file associated with
the calibration kit.
As an alternative to using circuit models, it is possible to describe the standards by
means of S-parameter tables stored in a file.
The analyzer provides a large number of predefined cal kits but can also import cal kit
files and create new kits:
E
A selection of predefined kits is available for all connector types. The parameters of
these kits are displayed in the
Add/Modify Standards
dialog, however, it is not
possible to change or delete the kits.
E
Imported and user-defined kits can be changed in the
Calibration Kits
dialog and
its various sub-dialogs.
Calibration kits and connector types are global resources; the parameters are stored
independently and are available irrespective of the current setup.
3.3.2 Calibration Types
The analyzer provides a wide range of calibration types for one, two or more ports. The
calibration types differ in the number and types of standards used, the error terms, i.e.
the type of systematic errors corrected and the general accuracy. The following table
gives an overview.
Calibration Type
Standards
Parameters
Error Terms
General
Accuracy
Application
Reflection
Normalization
Open or Short
S
11
(or S
22
, ...)
Reflection
tracking
Low to
medium
Reflection measurements on
any port.
Transmission
Normalization
Through
S
12
, S
21
Transmission
tracking
Medium
Transmission measurements in
any direction and between any
combination of ports.
Full One-Port
Open, Short,
Match
1)
S
11
(or S
22
, ...)
Reflection
tracking,
Source match
Directivity,
High
Reflection measurements on
any port.
One-Path Two-
Port
Open, Short,
Match
1)
(at source
port),
Through
2)
S
11
, S
21
(or S
22
,...)
Reflection
tracking,
Source match,
Directivity,
Transmission
tracking
Medium to
high
Unidirectional transmission
measurements in any direction
and between any combination of
ports.
