Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNB/ZNBT
152
User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 38
As an alternative to using circuit models, it is possible to describe the standards by
means of S-parameter tables stored in a file.
The analyzer provides a large number of predefined cal kits but can also import cal kit
files and create new kits:
●
A selection of predefined kits is available for all connector types. The parameters of
these kits are displayed in the "View / Modify Cal Kit Standards" dialog, however, it
is not possible to change or delete the kits.
●
Imported and user-defined kits can be changed in the "Calibration Kits" dialog and
its various sub-dialogs.
Calibration kits and connector types are global resources; the parameters are stored
independently and are available irrespective of the current recall set.
4.5.2.1
Calibration Standard Types
The following table gives an overview of the different standards and their circuit models
(offset and load models).
Table 4-5: Calibration standard types
Standard Type
Characteristics
Ideal Standard
Offset Model Load Model
Open
Open circuit (one-port)
∞
Ω
☑
☑
Short
Short circuit (one-port)
0 Ω
☑
☑
Offset short
Short circuit with added electrical length offset, for
waveguide calibration (one-port)
0 Ω
☑
☑
Match
Matched broadband termination (one-port)
Z
0
(characteristic
impedance of the
connector type)
☑
☑
Sliding match
One-port standard consisting of an air line with a
movable, low-reflection load element (sliding load)
–
–
–
Reflect
Unknown mismatched standard (one-port)
∞
Ω
☑
☑
Through
Through-connection with minimum loss (two-port)
–
☑
–
Line1, Line 2
Line(s) for TRL calibration with minimum loss (two-
port)
–
☑
–
Attenuation
Fully matched standard in both directions (two-
port; the reflection factor at both ports is zero)
–
–
–
Symm. network
Unknown mismatched reflection-symmetric stan-
dard (two-port)
–
☑
☑
Offset parameters
The offset parameters have the following physical meaning:
●
The
delay
is the propagation time of a wave traveling through the standard. The
electrical length
is equal to the delay times the speed of light in the vacuum and is
a measure for the length of transmission line between the standard and the actual
calibration plane. For a waveguide with permittivity ε
r
and mechanical length L
mech
the following relations hold:
Calibration
