Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNB/ZNBT
147
User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 38
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Adapter Removal is not defined for more than 2 ports. However, with "Multiple Cali-
brations per Channel" enabled, mutiple (disjoint) port pairs can be calibrated using
Adapter Removal.
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Currently Adapter Removal is not supported with
4.5.1.6
TOM Calibration
A TOM (Through – Open – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that may be different from zero, an Open,
and a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match may
have non-ideal characteristics.
4.5.1.7
TSM Calibration
A TSM (Through – Short – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that may be different from zero, a Short, and
a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match may have
non-ideal characteristics.
TSM calibration can replace TOM calibration if no appropriate Open standard is availa-
ble, especially in the high frequency domain.
4.5.1.8
TRM Calibration
A TRM (Through – Reflect – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that may be different from zero, a Reflect,
and a Match. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be
unknown but must be nonzero; its phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magni-
tude and phase of the reflection coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
TRM calibration is especially useful for DUTs in test fixtures.
4.5.1.9
TRL Calibration
A TRL (Through – Reflect – Line) calibration requires the two-port standards Through
and Line, which are both assumed to be ideally matched. Beyond that, the Through
must be lossless, and its length must be exactly known. The length of the Line stan-
dard must be known approximately.
Furthermore, a reflecting one-port standard (Reflect) is needed. The magnitude of the
reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be unknown but must be nonzero; its
phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magnitude and phase of the reflection
coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
TRL calibration is especially useful for DUTs in planar line technology (e.g. test fix-
tures, on-wafer measurements) where it is difficult to design and connect accurately
modeled Open, Short or Match standards. If TRL is not practicable, TNA may be an
alternative.
Calibration
