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Synergy Q/MD Engineering Manual (v9.1 MD) Glossary of Terms • GL–1
Glossary of Terms
Active Video Lines — All video lines not occurring in the vertical blanking interval. The
portion of the video signal that contains picture information.
Aspect Ratio — The numerical ratio of picture width to height, for example, 4:3 or 16:9.
Auto Transition — An automatic transition in which the manual movement of the fader handle
is simulated electronically. The transition starts when the AUTO TRANS button is pressed and
takes place over a pre-selected time period, measured in frames.
Border — Effects created around the edges of a pattern or on a keyer. If an optional dual border
generator card is installed, several border, shadow, and outline effects are available on that keyer
as well.
Border Generator — Circuitry that generates various border effects on keys created by the
switcher.
Chroma Key — An effect in which video from one source replaces video of a specific hue in a
second video source. The blue and green hues are most commonly used for chroma keying.
Chrominance — The “depth” or saturation of a color. The three characteristics of a TV color
signal are chrominance, luminance and hue.
Cut — An instantaneous switch from one video signal to another.
Dissolve — A transition from one video signal to another in which one signal is faded down
while the other is simultaneously faded up. The term “mix” is often used interchangeably with
“dissolve”.
Downstream Keyer (DSK) — A keyer that places a key “downstream” of the MLE effects
system output. This “top level” effect usually consists of a character generator title.
External Key — A video input (non-primary video) used to produce a key effect. Examples of
external key sources are character generators and cameras.
Fade-to-Black — A controlled change of the on-air picture signal level down to black level.
Field — One half of a complete picture (or frame) interval containing all of the odd, or all of the
even lines in interlaced scanning. One scan of a TV screen is called a “field”; two fields are
required to make a complete picture (which is a “frame”).
Field Frequency — The rate at which one complete field is scanned, approximately 50 times
per second in 625 video, or 60 times per second in 525 video.
Frame — One complete picture consisting of two fields of interlaced scanning lines.
GPI — An abbreviation for General Purpose Interface, a device which typically allows switcher
automatic transition functions to be controlled remotely.