ABB RELION Series, Technical Manual

Page: 231 / 804

Directional calculation
The directional calculation compares the current phasors to the polarizing phasor. A
suitable polarization quantity can be selected from the different polarization
quantities, which are the positive sequence voltage, negative sequence voltage, self-
polarizing (faulted) voltage and cross-polarizing voltages (healthy voltages). The
polarizing method is defined with the
Pol quantity setting.
Table 237: Polarizing quantities
Polarizing quantity Description
Pos. seq. volt Positive sequence voltage
Neg. seq. volt Negative sequence voltage
Self pol Self polarization
Cross pol Cross polarization
The directional operation can be selected with the Directional mode setting. The user
can select either "Non-directional", "Forward" or "Reverse" operation. By setting the
value of
Allow Non Dir to "True", the non-directional operation is allowed when the
directional information is invalid.
The Characteristic angle setting is used to turn the directional characteristic. The
value of Characteristic angle should be chosen in such a way that all the faults in the
operating direction are seen in the operating zone and all the faults in the opposite
direction are seen in the non-operating zone. The value of
Characteristic angle
depends on the network configuration.
Reliable operation requires both the operating and polarizing quantities to exceed
certain minimum amplitude levels. The minimum amplitude level for the operating
quantity (current) is set with the
Min operate current setting. The minimum amplitude
level for the polarizing quantity (voltage) is set with the Min operate voltage setting.
If the amplitude level of the operating quantity or polarizing quantity is below the set
level, the direction information of the corresponding phase is set to "Unknown".
The polarizing quantity validity can remain valid even if the amplitude of the
polarizing quantity falls below the value of the
Min operate voltage setting. In this
case, the directional information is provided by a special memory function for a time
defined with the
Voltage Mem time setting.
(F)DPHxPDOC is provided with a memory function to secure a reliable and correct
directional protection relay operation in case of a close short circuit or an earth fault
characterized by an extremely low voltage. At sudden loss of the polarization
quantity, the angle difference is calculated on the basis of a fictive voltage. The fictive
voltage is calculated using the positive phase sequence voltage measured before the
fault occurred, assuming that the voltage is not affected by the fault. The memory
function enables the function to operate up to a maximum of three seconds after a total
loss of voltage. This time can be set with the
Voltage Mem time setting. The voltage
memory cannot be used for the "Negative sequence voltage" polarization because it is
not possible to substitute the positive sequence voltage for negative sequence voltage
1MRS758755 A
Section 4
Protection functions
REC615 and RER615 225
Technical Manual