Concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNA
134
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 20
point. Normal detector mode ensures that the measurement is performed at maxi-
mum speed and that a meaningful complex result is obtained.
●
"AVG"
collects all valid results at each sweep point during the "Detector Meas
Time" set in the More Params, "More Wave Quantities", and More Ratios dialog
and calculates the complex arithmetic mean value of these results. Averaging
tends to remove statistical fluctuations (e.g. noise contributions) from the measured
signal.
The AVG detector is also used for
●
RMS
collects all valid results at each sweep point during the "Detector Meas Time"
set in the "More Wave Quantities" or More Ratios dialog and calculates the root
mean square (RMS) of the linear magnitude of these results. Note that the phase is
not evaluated in this process so that complex conversions (e. g. the calculation of
real and imaginary values) do not really make sense.
●
Peak
collects all valid results at each sweep point during the "Detector Meas Time"
set in the "More Wave Quantities" or More Ratios dialog and selects the result with
the maximum magnitude (maximum power) as the measurement point. Note that
the phase is not evaluated in this process so that complex conversions (e. g. the
calculation of real and imaginary values) do not really make sense.
Combining different detectors
The detector setting in the More Ratios menu applies to both the numerator and the
denominator wave quantity. To allow for different detector settings, measure the numer-
ator and denominator wave quantities individually and use trace functions to calculate
the ratio. A possible application is the comparison of different detector settings for a
particular trace.
Error Messages
The analyzer generates a warning if the selected measurement time for the "AVG..."
detectors is too long. At the same time, bit no. 15 in the
...INTegrity:HARDware
status register is set. Reduce the measurement time and/or reduce the IF bandwidth
until the warning disappears. A warning also appears if the measurement time for the
"AVG..." detectors is too short. Increase the measurement time and/or increase the IF
bandwidth until the warning disappears.
4.3.6
Unbalance-balance conversion
Unbalance-balance conversion is the simulation of one or more unbalance-balance
transformers (baluns) integrated in the measurement circuit. It converts the DUT ports
from an unbalanced state into a balanced state and virtually separates the differential
and common mode signals. The analyzer measures the unbalanced state but converts
the results and calculates mixed mode parameters, e.g. mixed mode S-parameters. No
physical transformer is needed.
To perform balanced measurements, a pair of physical analyzer ports is combined to
form a logical port. The balanced port of the DUT is directly connected to the analyzer
ports. For a two-port analyzer, a single balanced port can be defined.
Measurement results
