Concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNA
229
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 20
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The maximum distance that can be measured is inversely proportional to the fre-
quency span. The smaller the frequency span, the longer the maximum distance
between the calibrated reference plane and the fault to be located.
However, a smaller frequency span comes at the cost of a coarser distance resolu-
tion.
The R&S
ZNA can automatically determine a suitable number of sweep points for a
given maximum distance to fault ("Auto Number of Points"). Moreover it is possible to
define which of the peaks are considered as being due to a fault, and to draw up and
export a list of the detected faults.
4.7.2.8
Extended time domain analysis
Option R&S
ZNA-K20
Option K20 extends the basic Time Domain representation capabilities of option K2 by
signal integrity testing functionality in the time domain.
Simulated Eye Diagram
With the impulse response calculated from the measured S parameters using the
inverse Fourier transform, it is possible to predict the system response to arbitrary time
domain signals by calculating the convolution of the input signal with the impulse
response.
With option R&S
ZNA-K20, the R&S
ZNA firmware implements a "virtual" signal gener-
ator that is able to generate multilevel PAM signals (NRZ, PAM-4, PAM-8, PAM-16),
including a simulated low pass behavior. The simulated eye diagram using the DUT's
measured S parameters gives an extensive overview regarding the signal integrity of
the system.
Further building blocks for pre-emphasis, jitter, noise and equalization allow you to syn-
thesize effects of transmitter and receiver parts in the transmission system.
Optional extensions and accessories
