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Entropy
Entropy reference studies
Entropy reference studies supporting reduction of drugs
The following studies support the indication for reducing the amount of certain hypnotic
drugs and enabling faster emergence from anesthesia:
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Vakkuri A, Yli-Hankala A, Sandin R, Mustola S, Hoymork S, Nyblom S, Talja P, Sampson T,
Van Gils M, Viertiö-Oja H: Spectral Entropy monitoring is associated with reduced propofol
use and faster emergence in propofol-nitrous oxide-alfentanil anesthesia Anesthesiology
2005, Volume 103, Issue 2:274-279, 2005
In the study reported by Vakkuri et al using propofol, Entropy monitoring helped
in determining the titration rates of propofol especially during the last part of the
procedures. This is indicated by higher entropy values, decreased consumption of
propofol (P<0.001), and shorter recovery times in the Entropy monitored group
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Aimé I, Verroust N, Masson-Lefoll C, Taylor G, Laloe PA, Liu N, Fischler M (2006): Does
monitoring bispectral index or spectral entropy reduce sevoflurane use? Anesth Analg
103: 1469-77
In the study by Aimé et al, the authors reported that they were able to cut down the
sevoflurane usage by 29% in the Entropy monitored group, when compared to the
standard clinical practice.
Entropy reference studies supporting titration of drugs
The following studies support the indication that use of Entropy may help the user to titrate
certain anesthetic drugs according to the individual needs of adult patients:
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Vanluchene A.L.G., Vereecke H, Thas O, Mortier E.P, Shafer S.L, Struys M. M. R. F
Spectral Entropy as an Electroencephalographic Measure of Anesthetic Drug Effect: A
Comparison with Bispectral Index and Processed Midlatency Auditory Evoked Response
Anesthesiology 2004; Volume 101: Issue 1:34–42.
In this study by Vanluchene et al using propofol, the authors conclude that both SE and
RE seem to be useful measures for anesthetic drug effect, with low baseline variability
and accurate burst suppression detection.
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Vanluchene A.L.G, Struys M. M. R. F, Heyse B. E. K, Mortier E.P: Spectral entropy
measurement of patient responsiveness during propofol and remifentanil. A comparison
with the bispectral index. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2004; Volume 93: Issue 5: 645–54.
In this study by Vanluchene et al using propofol, the authors conclude that loss of
response to verbal command and loss of response to noxious stimulation were accurately
detected by Entropy and BIS.
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Vakkuri A, Yli-Hankala A, Talja P, Mustola S, Tolvanen-Laakso H, Sampson T, Viertiö-Oja
H: Time-frequency balanced spectral entropy as a measure of anesthetic drug effect in
central nervous system during sevoflurane, propofol, and thiopental anesthesia Acta
Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; Volume 48: Issue 2: 145-153, 2004.
In this study using sevoflurane, propofol and thiopental, the authors found that SE and
RE distinguished excellently between conscious and unconscious states. The authors
conclude that RE indicates emergence from anesthesia earlier than SE or BIS.
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