Keysight DSOX3012T User Manual Download Page 187

Page: 187 / 530

Triggers

Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

187

Nth Edge Burst trigger set up consists of selecting the source, the slope of the

edge, the idle time, and the number of the edge:

Press the

[Trigger]

key.

In the Trigger Menu, press the

Trigger

softkey; then, turn the Entry knob to

select

Nth Edge Burst

Press the

Source

softkey, and turn the Entry knob to select the input channel

source.

Press the

Slope

softkey to specify the slope of the edge.

Press the

Idle

softkey; then, turn the Entry knob to specify the idle time.

Press the

Edge

softkey; then, turn the Entry knob to which edge number to

trigger on.

Summary of Contents for DSOX3012T

Page 1: ...Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide Test Equipment Depot 800 517 8431 99 Washington Street Melrose MA 02176 TestEquipmentDepot com...

Page 2: ...ware is customarily provided to the public Accordingly Keysight provides the Software to U S government customers under its standard commercial license which is embodied in its End User License Agreem...

Page 3: ...NING notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed bey...

Page 4: ...hs Sample Rates Bandwidth 100 MHz 200 MHz 350 MHz 500 MHz 1 GHz Sample Rate interleaved non interleaved 5 GSa s 2 5 GSa s 5 GSa s 2 5 GSa s 5 GSa s 2 5 GSa s 5 GSa s 2 5 GSa s 5 GSa s 2 5 GSa s 2 Chan...

Page 5: ...u can touch other areas of the screen as substitutes for using front panel keys softkeys and knobs Interleaved 4 Mpts or non interleaved 2 Mpts MegaZoom IV memory for the fastest waveform update rates...

Page 6: ...pulse DC and noise waveforms USB ports make printing saving and sharing data easy Optional LAN VGA module for connecting to a network and displaying the screen on a different monitor Optional GPIB mod...

Page 7: ...Chapter 9 Display Settings starting on page 155 Chapter 10 Labels starting on page 161 When setting up triggers or changing how data is acquired see Chapter 11 Triggers starting on page 169 Chapter 12...

Page 8: ...Serial Decode starting on page 437 Chapter 29 I2S Triggering and Serial Decode starting on page 455 Chapter 30 Manchester NRZ Triggering and Serial Decode starting on page 465 Chapter 31 MIL STD 1553...

Page 9: ...1 Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope 32 Maximum input voltage at analog inputs 32 Do not float the oscilloscope chassis 33 Input a Waveform 33 Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup 33 Use Autoscale 34...

Page 10: ...nu and Open the Scale Delay Dialog 56 Access the Trigger Menu Change the Trigger Mode and Open the Trigger Level Dialog 57 Use a USB Mouse and or Keyboard for Touchscreen Controls 58 Learn the Rear Pa...

Page 11: ...he vertical scale 81 To adjust the vertical position 81 To specify channel coupling 81 To specify channel input impedance 82 To specify bandwidth limiting 83 To change the vertical scale knob s coarse...

Page 12: ...Math Operators 102 Add or Subtract 102 Multiply or Divide 103 Math Transforms 104 Differentiate 105 Integrate 106 FFT Magnitude FFT Phase 108 Square Root 113 Ax B 114 Square 115 Absolute Value 115 Com...

Page 13: ...130 To save recall reference waveform files to from a USB storage device 130 7 Digital Channels To connect the digital probes to the device under test 131 Probe cable for digital channels 132 Acquirin...

Page 14: ...ter 151 Searching Lister Data 152 9 Display Settings To adjust waveform intensity 155 To set or clear persistence 157 To clear the display 158 To select the grid type 158 To adjust the grid intensity...

Page 15: ...on NFC Trigger 183 Nth Edge Burst Trigger 186 Runt Trigger 188 Setup and Hold Trigger 190 Video Trigger 191 To set up Generic video triggers 195 To trigger on a specific line of video 196 To trigger o...

Page 16: ...y 217 Aliasing 217 Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate 218 Oscilloscope Rise Time 219 Oscilloscope Bandwidth Required 220 Memory Depth and Sample Rate 221 Selecting the Acquisition Mode 221 Normal...

Page 17: ...surements 244 To edit measurements 246 Measurements Summary 246 Snapshot All 249 Voltage Measurements 250 Peak Peak 251 Maximum 251 Minimum 251 Amplitude 251 Top 251 Base 252 Overshoot 252 Preshoot 25...

Page 18: ...266 Mixed Measurements 266 Area 266 FFT Analysis Measurements 267 Channel Power 267 Occupied Bandwidth 268 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACPR 268 Total Harmonic Distortion THD 269 Measurement Threshold...

Page 19: ...Arbitrary Waveforms 307 Capturing Other Waveforms to the Arbitrary Waveform 311 To output the waveform generator sync pulse 312 To specify the expected output load 312 To use waveform generator logic...

Page 20: ...asks or Data 331 To recall setup files 332 To recall mask files 332 To recall reference waveform files from a USB storage device 332 To recall arbitrary waveforms 333 Recalling Default Setups 333 Perf...

Page 21: ...To perform user calibration 352 To perform hardware self test 355 To perform front panel self test 356 To display oscilloscope information 356 To display the user calibration status 356 To clean the...

Page 22: ...tegory 375 Measurement Category Definitions 376 Maximum Input Voltages 376 Maximum input voltage at analog inputs 376 Maximum input voltage at digital channels 377 Environmental Conditions 377 Probes...

Page 23: ...splaying CAN Symbolic Data 398 CAN CAN FD Triggering 399 CAN CAN FD Serial Decode 402 Interpreting CAN CAN FD Decode 403 CAN Totalizer 404 Interpreting CAN Lister Data 405 Searching for CAN Data in th...

Page 24: ...432 FlexRay Totalizer 433 Interpreting FlexRay Lister Data 434 Searching for FlexRay Data in the Lister 434 28 I2C SPI Triggering and Serial Decode Setup for I2C Signals 437 I2C Triggering 438 I2C Ser...

Page 25: ...ode 470 Interpreting Manchester Lister Data 472 Setup for NRZ Signals 473 NRZ Triggering 475 NRZ Serial Decode 477 Interpreting NRZ Decode 478 Interpreting NRZ Lister Data 479 31 MIL STD 1553 ARINC 42...

Page 26: ...497 SENT Triggering 502 SENT Serial Decode 504 Interpreting SENT Decode 505 Interpreting SENT Lister Data 507 Searching for SENT Data in the Lister 508 33 UART RS232 Triggering and Serial Decode Setu...

Page 27: ...ontrols and Connectors 37 Learn the Touchscreen Controls 45 Learn the Rear Panel Connectors 58 Learn the Oscilloscope Display 59 Access the Built In Quick Help 61 This chapter describes the steps you...

Page 28: ...ed the following items and any optional accessories you may have ordered InfiniiVision 3000T X Series oscilloscope Power cord country of origin determines specific type Oscilloscope probes Two probes...

Page 29: ...Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 29 See Also Probes and Accessories on page 378 InfiniiVision 3000T X Series oscilloscope Power cord Based on country of origin Documentation CD N2843A probes Qty 2 or...

Page 30: ...gently remove the module from the slot 2 To install a module slide the module into the slot on the back until it is fully seated The module s spring tabs will latch into the slot keeping the module in...

Page 31: ...haust areas must be free from obstructions Unrestricted air flow is required for proper cooling Always ensure that the air intake and exhaust areas are free from obstructions The fan draws air in from...

Page 32: ...operational in a few seconds Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope 1 Connect the oscilloscope probe to an oscilloscope channel BNC connector 2 Connect the probe s retractable hook tip to the point of int...

Page 33: ...s the oscilloscope s default settings This places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition The major default settings are CAUTION Do not float the oscilloscope chassis Defeating the ground conn...

Page 34: ...on the oscilloscope s display similar to this Table 2 Default Configuration Settings Horizontal Normal mode 100 s div scale 0 s delay center time reference Vertical Analog Channel 1 on 5 V div scale...

Page 35: ...form but the square wave is not shaped correctly as shown above perform the procedure Compensate Passive Probes on page 36 If you do not see the waveform make sure the probe is connected securely to t...

Page 36: ...ed to match the input characteristics of the oscilloscope channel to which it is connected A poorly compensated probe can introduce significant measurement errors 1 Input the Probe Comp signal see Inp...

Page 37: ...Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors On the front panel key refers to any key button you can press Softkey specifically refers to the six keys that are directly below the display The legend f...

Page 38: ...r on press again to switch power off See Power On the Oscilloscope on page 31 2 Softkeys The functions of these keys change based upon the menus shown on the display directly above the keys The Back U...

Page 39: ...a selection Pushing the Entry knob also makes popup menus disappear 5 Waveform keys The Acquire key lets you select Normal Peak Detect Averaging or High Resolution acquisition modes see Selecting the...

Page 40: ...ay into Normal and Zoom sections without opening the Horizontal Menu Search key Lets you search for events in the acquired data Navigate keys Press these keys to navigate through captured data via tim...

Page 41: ...re channels are overlaid You can rotate the upper knob to select an overlaid channel then rotate the lower knob to position it just as you would any other channel For more information on digital chann...

Page 42: ...ator starting on page 301 Analyze key Press this key to access analysis features like Measurement threshold setting Trigger level setting Video trigger automatic set up and display Counter DVMCTR see...

Page 43: ...Demo 1 or Demo 2 terminals Demo 1 terminal The oscilloscope can output training signals on this and the Demo 2 terminal See Help Training Signals Training Signals 19 USB Host port This port is for con...

Page 44: ...ert the overlay s side tabs into the slots on the front panel 3 Reinstall the front panel knobs Front panel overlays may be ordered from www keysight com find parts using the following part numbers 21...

Page 45: ...ialogs to Split Sidebar on page 50 Select Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs on page 51 Drag Cursors on page 51 Touch Softkeys and Menus On the Screen on page 51 Language 2 Channel Overlay 4 Channel Overl...

Page 46: ...Dialogs on page 55 Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale Delay Dialog on page 56 Access the Trigger Menu Change the Trigger Mode and Open the Trigger Level Dialog on page 57 Use a USB Mouse a...

Page 47: ...on 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 47 Flick or Drag to Scale Position and Change Offset 1 Touch the upper right corner to select the horizontal drag mode 2 When the waveform drag mode is sel...

Page 48: ...ch easier to flick than to continually turn a knob Drag drag your finger across the screen to change the horizontal delay Drag your finger up or down to change the vertical offset To select waveforms...

Page 49: ...rmation or Controls 1 Touch the blue menu icon in the sidebar 2 In the popup menu touch the type of information or controls you want to see in the sidebar Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging Sidebar di...

Page 50: ...iew multiple types of information or controls at the same time Re dock Sidebar Dialogs to Split Sidebar Sidebar dialogs can be re docked to either half or full height of the sidebar 1 Drag the dialog...

Page 51: ...Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs Touch the blue menu icon in the dialog for options Touch the red X icon to close a dialog Drag Cursors When cursors are displayed you can drag the name handles to posit...

Page 52: ...s the same as pressing the softkey keys When softkeys provide menus double touch to select a menu item This may be an easier than selecting a menu item via the Entry knob Enter Names Using Alpha Numer...

Page 53: ...ng Started 1 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 53 Change Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference Icons You can drag ground icons to change a waveform s vertical of...

Page 54: ...on 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 1 Getting Started Access Controls and Menus Via the Menu Icon 1 Touch the upper left menu icon to open the main menu 2 Touch left side controls to perform...

Page 55: ...finiiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 55 3 Touch menu items and submenu items to access menus and additional controls Turn Channels On Off and Open Scale Offset Dialogs Touch channel n...

Page 56: ...Started When channels are on touch the scale and offset values to access a dialog for changing them Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale Delay Dialog Touch H to access the Horizontal Menu Tou...

Page 57: ...es User s Guide 57 Access the Trigger Menu Change the Trigger Mode and Open the Trigger Level Dialog Touch T to access the Trigger Menu Touch the trigger level value s to access a dialog for changing...

Page 58: ...eyboard you can use it to enter values in alpha numeric keypad dialogs Learn the Rear Panel Connectors For the following figure refer to the numbered descriptions in the table that follows 100 Watts M...

Page 59: ...loscope s built in display remains on even when an external display is connected The video output connector is always active For optimal video quality and performance we recommend you use a shielded v...

Page 60: ...ifferent color Signal detail is displayed using 256 levels of intensity For more information about viewing signal detail see To adjust waveform intensity on page 155 For more information about display...

Page 61: ...on and other control dialogs For more information see Select Sidebar Information or Controls on page 49 Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging on page 49 Menu line This line normally contains menu name or...

Page 62: ...p then press the Language softkey 2 Repeatedly press and release the Language softkey or rotate the Entry knob until the desired language is selected The following languages are available Czech Englis...

Page 63: ...ter right custom 72 Searching for Events 73 Navigating the Time Base 75 The horizontal controls include The horizontal scale and position knobs The Horiz key for accessing the Horizontal Menu The zoom...

Page 64: ...e The current sample rate is displayed in the Summary box in the right side information area To adjust the horizontal time div scale 1 Turn the large horizontal scale sweep speed knob marked to change...

Page 65: ...Turn the horizontal delay position knob The trigger point moves horizontally pausing at 0 00 s mimicking a mechanical detent and the delay value is displayed in the status line You can also make this...

Page 66: ...al acquisitions worth of information but only the last acquisition is available for pan and zoom The ability to pan move horizontally and scale expand or compress horizontally an acquired waveform is...

Page 67: ...volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Use the cursors to make measurements on XY mode waveforms For more information about using XY mode for measurements refer to XY Time Mode on page 68 Ro...

Page 68: ...cers so the display could show strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Example This exercise shows a common use of the XY display mode by measu...

Page 69: ...Note the Y value at the bottom of the display In this example we are using the Y cursors but you could have used the X cursors instead 6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the intersection of the signal a...

Page 70: ...5 degrees of phase shift NOTE Z Axis Input in XY Display Mode Blanking When you select the XY display mode the time base is turned off Channel 1 is the X axis input channel 2 is the Y axis input and t...

Page 71: ...to locate and horizontally expand part of the normal window for a more detailed higher resolution analysis of signals To turn on or off Zoom 1 Press the zoom key or press the Horiz key and then the Zo...

Page 72: ...waveform after the trigger event To change the time div of the normal window turn off Zoom then turn the horizontal scale sweep speed knob For information about using zoom mode for measurements refer...

Page 73: ...0 Turning the Horizontal scale sweep speed knob expands or contracts the waveform about the time reference point See To adjust the horizontal time div scale on page 64 Turning the Horizontal position...

Page 74: ...on page 93 For setting up Serial searches see Serial Trigger on page 203 and Searching Lister Data on page 152 Remember that searches use the measurement threshold settings instead of trigger levels U...

Page 75: ...turned on see To navigate segments on page 76 You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen See Select Sidebar Information or Controls on page 49 To navigate time When acquisitions are st...

Page 76: ...data rows in the Lister display You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen See Select Sidebar Information or Controls on page 49 To navigate segments When the segmented memory acquisit...

Page 77: ...e 77 Press the navigation keys to play backward stop or play forward in time You can press the or keys multiple times to speed up the playback There are three speed levels You can also access navigati...

Page 78: ...78 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 2 Horizontal Controls...

Page 79: ...hange the vertical scale knob s coarse fine adjustment setting 83 To invert a waveform 84 Setting Analog Channel Probe Options 84 The vertical controls include The vertical scale and position knobs fo...

Page 80: ...menu When a channel is on its key is illuminated You can also do this using the touchscreen See Turn Channels On Off and Open Scale Offset Dialogs on page 55 Channel Volts div Channel 1 ground level...

Page 81: ...on about the ground level of the channel however you can change this to expand about the center of the display See To choose expand about center or ground on page 347 To adjust the vertical position 1...

Page 82: ...ange trigger coupling see To select the trigger coupling on page 209 To specify channel input impedance 1 Press the desired channel key 2 In the Channel Menu press Imped impedance then select either 5...

Page 83: ...available at www keysight com To specify bandwidth limiting 1 Press the desired channel key 2 In the Channel Menu press the BW Limit softkey to enable or disable bandwidth limiting When bandwidth limi...

Page 84: ...triggers the oscilloscope attempts to maintain the same trigger point by changing trigger settings Inverting a channel also changes the result of any math function selected in the Waveform Math Menu...

Page 85: ...tivity trigger level measurement results and math functions will reflect the measurement units you have selected To specify the probe attenuation This is set automatically if the oscilloscope can iden...

Page 86: ...e Channel Probe Menu press Skew then select the desired skew value Each analog channel can be adjusted 100 ns in 10 ps increments for a total of 200 ns difference The skew setting is not affected by p...

Page 87: ...single ended browser 10 1 6 dB Atten differential browser 10 1 12 dB Atten single ended browser 10 1 12 dB Atten differential browser 10 1 20 dB Atten single ended browser 10 1 20 dB Atten differenti...

Page 88: ...88 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 3 Vertical Controls...

Page 89: ...o find crosstalk problems to find distortion problems in analog waveforms caused by amplifier non linearity or for adjusting analog filters To display a FFT waveform 1 Press the FFT key Source 1 selec...

Page 90: ...nter vertical grid line of the display Start Freq Stop Freq Start Freq specifies the frequency at the left side of the display Stop Freq specifies the frequency at the right side of the display To set...

Page 91: ...sion setting The FFT resolution is the quotient of the sampling rate and the number of FFT points fS N The current FFT Resolution is displayed above the softkeys 3 To make cursor measurements press th...

Page 92: ...key are selected for the FFT waveform If the arrow to the left of the FFT key is not illuminated press the key 2 Use the multiplexed scale and position knobs next to the Math key to re size and re po...

Page 93: ...e that the FFT waveform s noise floor level differs when additional math functions are applied to the FFT When Averaged Value Max Hold or Min Hold are applied the FFT waveform s noise floor is more st...

Page 94: ...the window will be the actual limiting factor in the FFTs ability to resolve two closely space frequencies A good way to test the ability of the FFT to resolve two closely spaced frequencies is to exa...

Page 95: ...mponents near DC FFT Aliasing When using FFTs it is important to be aware of frequency aliasing This requires that the operator have some knowledge as to what the frequency domain should contain and a...

Page 96: ...a 990 Hz square wave which has many harmonics The horizontal time div setting for the square wave sets the sample rate and results in a FFT resolution of 1 91 Hz The displayed FFT spectrum waveform s...

Page 97: ...created at the end of the record This is referred to as leakage In order to minimize spectral leakage windows that approach zero smoothly at the beginning and end of the signal are employed as filters...

Page 98: ...98 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 4 FFT Spectral Analysis...

Page 99: ...functions One math function waveform can be displayed at a time The math function waveform is displayed in light purple Math functions can be performed on analog channels or they can be performed on...

Page 100: ...tions when using operators other than the simple arithmetic operations For example if Math 1 is set up as a subtract operation between channels 1 and 2 the Math 2 function could be set up as a FFT ope...

Page 101: ...unction waveforms are TIP Math Operating Hints If the analog channel or math function is clipped not fully displayed on screen the resulting displayed math function will also be clipped Once the funct...

Page 102: ...ly or Divide on page 103 Add or Subtract When you select add or subtract the Source 1 and Source 2 values are added or subtracted point by point and the result is displayed You can use subtract to mak...

Page 103: ...ltiply or divide math function the Source 1 and Source 2 values are multiplied or divided point by point and the result is displayed The divide by zero case places holes that is zero values in the out...

Page 104: ...m function like differentiate integrate FFT or square root on an analog input channel or on the result of an arithmetic operation Differentiate on page 105 Integrate on page 106 FFT Magnitude FFT Phas...

Page 105: ...ample the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiate function Because differentiation is very sensitive to noise it is helpful to set acquisition mode to Averaging s...

Page 106: ...shows the accumulated amount of change You can use integrate to calculate the energy of a pulse in volt seconds or measure the area under a waveform by measuring the difference in the integrate functi...

Page 107: ...ex The integrate operator provides an Offset softkey that lets you enter a DC offset correction factor for the input signal Small DC offset in the integrate function input or even small oscilloscope c...

Page 108: ...ncy content The FFT takes the digitized time record of the specified source and transforms it to the frequency domain The source of the FFT math functions can be analog input channels or a lower math...

Page 109: ...pair of softkeys let you define the displayed frequency range Press the softkeys to toggle between Span Center Span specifies the frequency range represented by the width of the display Divide span b...

Page 110: ...curate frequency measurements but its higher and wider secondary lobes make it not quite as good for resolving frequencies that are close together Vertical Units For FFT Magnitude you can select Logar...

Page 111: ...data set Points per Span When the FFT Magnitude operator is selected and a detector is used this softkey specifies the maximum number of points that detectors should decimate to This is also the numb...

Page 112: ...g FFT Magnitude spectrum was obtained by connecting a 2 5 V 100 kHz square wave to channel 1 Set the horizontal scale to 50 s div vertical sensitivity to 1 V div Units div to 20 dBV Offset to 40 0 dBV...

Page 113: ...rement Hints on page 93 FFT Units on page 95 FFT DC Value on page 95 FFT Aliasing on page 95 FFT Spectral Leakage on page 97 Units for Math Waveforms on page 101 Square Root Square root calculates the...

Page 114: ...on 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 5 Math Waveforms See Also Units for Math Waveforms on page 101 Ax B The Ax B function lets you apply a gain and offset to an existing input source Figure 1...

Page 115: ...on in that the output is likely different than the input See Also Magnify on page 121 Square The square function calculates the square of the selected source point by point and displays the result Pre...

Page 116: ...e input source Where the transform is undefined for a particular input holes zero values appear in the function output See Also Natural Logarithm on page 116 Natural Logarithm The Natural Logarithm ln...

Page 117: ...so Common Logarithm on page 116 Exponential The Exponential e x function performs a transform of the input source See Also Base 10 Exponential on page 117 Base 10 Exponential The Base 10 Exponential 1...

Page 118: ...ut channel or on the result of an arithmetic operation High Pass and Low Pass Filter on page 118 Averaged Value on page 119 Smoothing on page 120 Envelope on page 120 High Pass and Low Pass Filter The...

Page 119: ...aged the selected number of times The source waveform can be one of the analog input channels or one of the previous math function waveforms Unlike acquisition averaging the math averaging operator ca...

Page 120: ...ated See Also Averaging Acquisition Mode on page 225 Smoothing The resulting math waveform is the selected source with a normalized rectangular boxcar FIR filter applied The boxcar filter is a moving...

Page 121: ...red data and measurement values Magnify on page 121 Maximum Minimum on page 122 Peak Peak on page 122 Max Min Hold on page 122 Measurement Trend on page 122 Chart Logic Bus Timing on page 124 Chart Lo...

Page 122: ...are subtracted from the maximum vertical values found to build a waveform Max Min Hold The Max Hold operator records the maximum vertical values found at each horizontal bucket across multiple analysi...

Page 123: ...ously added measurement whose trend you want to look at You can display trend values for these measurements Average RMS AC Ratio Period Frequency Width Width Duty Cycle Rise Time Fall Time Use the Thr...

Page 124: ...s as an analog waveform like a D A conversion When the bus value is transitioning the function output is the bus s last stable state Use the Units Code softkey to specify the analog value equivalent o...

Page 125: ...elect the clock signal Use the Slope softkey to select the edge of the clock signal to be used Use the More Chart softkey to open a submenu for specifying the analog value equivalent of each bus value...

Page 126: ...User s Guide 5 Math Waveforms Use the 0 Offset softkey to specify the analog value equivalent of a bus data value of zero Use the Units softkey to specify the type of values the bus data represents vo...

Page 127: ...multiplexed knobs are assigned to reference waveforms this happens when you press the Ref key and the LED to the left of it is lit you can use the knobs to scale and position reference waveforms Ther...

Page 128: ...press the Ref softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the desired reference waveform location 3 Press the Clear R1 R2 softkey to clear the reference waveform location Reference waveforms are also cl...

Page 129: ...o To display reference waveform information on page 130 To scale and position reference waveforms 1 Make sure the multiplexed scale and position knobs above and below the Ref key are selected for the...

Page 130: ...tions softkey 3 In the Reference Waveform Options Menu press the Display Info softkey to enable or disable reference waveform information on the oscilloscope display To save recall reference waveform...

Page 131: ...gic threshold for digital channels 138 To display digital channels as a bus 140 Digital channel signal fidelity Probe impedance and grounding 143 This chapter describes how to use the digital channels...

Page 132: ...ly one way You do not need to power off the oscilloscope 3 Connect the ground lead on each set of channels each pod using a probe grabber The ground lead improves signal fidelity to the oscilloscope e...

Page 133: ...ne of the probe leads Other probe leads are omitted from the figure for clarity 5 Connect the grabber to a node in the circuit you want to test 6 For high speed signals connect a ground lead to the pr...

Page 134: ...134 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 7 Digital Channels 7 Repeat these steps until you have connected all points of interest Grabber Signal Ground Signals Ground...

Page 135: ...on For digital channels each time the oscilloscope takes a sample it compares the input voltage to the logic threshold If the voltage is above the threshold the oscilloscope stores a 1 in sample memor...

Page 136: ...toscale softkey before pressing any other key This is useful if you have unintentionally pressed the Auto Scale key or do not like the settings Autoscale has selected This will return the oscilloscope...

Page 137: ...channel can be always high always low or actively toggling logic states To change the displayed size of the digital channels 1 Press the Digital key 2 Press the size softkey to select how the digital...

Page 138: ...annels The Digital Channel Menu is displayed above the softkeys If you want to switch the digital channels off and the Digital Channel Menu is not already displayed you must push the Digital key twice...

Page 139: ...threshold There is one User softkey for each group of channels To reposition a digital channel 1 Make sure the multiplexed scale and position knobs above and below the key are selected for digital cha...

Page 140: ...t on Use the Channel softkey and the Entry knob to select individual channels to be included in the bus You can rotate the Entry knob and push it or push the softkey to select channels You can also pr...

Page 141: ...es To read the digital bus value at any point using the cursors 1 Turn on Cursors by pressing the Cursors key on the front panel 2 Press the cursor Mode softkey and change the mode to Hex or Binary 3...

Page 142: ...softkeys The dollar sign will be displayed in the bus value when the bus value cannot be displayed as a hex value This occurs when one or more don t cares X are combined with low 0 and high 1 logic l...

Page 143: ...rounding Probe loading problems generally affect the device under test while probe grounding problems affect the accuracy of the data to the measurement instrument The design of the probes minimizes t...

Page 144: ...compensating capacitor and the cable plus instrument capacitance in parallel with the stray tip capacitance to ground While this results in an input impedance specification that is an accurate model f...

Page 145: ...d to provide as much series tip resistance as possible Stray tip capacitance to ground is minimized by the proper mechanical design of the probe tip assembly This provides the maximum input impedance...

Page 146: ...ement will occur Sharing one probe ground with many probes forces all the current that flows into each probe to return through the same common ground inductance of the probe whose ground return is use...

Page 147: ...digital channel group D15 D8 and D7 D0 should be attached to the ground of the device under test if any channel within the group is being used for data capture When capturing data in a noisy environme...

Page 148: ...148 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 7 Digital Channels...

Page 149: ...ode by pressing the Mode Coupling key then the Mode softkey Also the threshold voltage level must be set appropriately for each source channel The threshold level for each serial signal can be set in...

Page 150: ...ou can decode I2C Inter IC and SPI Serial Peripheral Interface serial buses I2C Serial Decode on page 442 SPI Serial Decode on page 451 DSOX3AUDIO you can decode I2S Inter IC Sound or Integrated Inter...

Page 151: ...o Selection softkey to jump to the event To use the Lister 1 Set up trigger and decode on the serial data signals to be analyzed 2 Press Serial Lister 3 Press Window then turn the Entry knob to select...

Page 152: ...lay area are displayed with a dark background 7 Press the Zoom to Selection softkey or push the Entry knob to center the waveform display at the time associated with the selected Lister row and automa...

Page 153: ...ol specific headers data errors etc See Searching for ARINC 429 Data in the Lister on page 495 Searching for CAN Data in the Lister on page 406 Searching for FlexRay Data in the Lister on page 434 Sea...

Page 154: ...154 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 8 Serial Decode...

Page 155: ...or various signal characteristics such as fast time div settings and low trigger rates Increasing the intensity lets you see the maximum amount of noise and infrequently occurring events Reducing the...

Page 156: ...156 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 9 Display Settings Figure 26 Amplitude Modulation Shown at 100 Intensity Figure 27 Amplitude Modulation Shown at 40 Intensity...

Page 157: ...ure Waveforms softkey to perform a single shot infinite persistence A single acquisition s data is displayed with reduced intensity and it remains on the display until you clear persistence or clear t...

Page 158: ...isplay You can also configure the Quick Action key to clear the display See Configuring the Quick Action Key on page 357 To select the grid type When the Video trigger type is selected see Video Trigg...

Page 159: ...ical division in the grid corresponds to the vertical sensitivity shown in the status line at the top of the display Each major horizontal division in the grid corresponds to the time div shown in the...

Page 160: ...160 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 9 Display Settings...

Page 161: ...o add an annotation 166 You can define labels and assign them to each analog input channel or you can turn labels off to increase the waveform display area Labels can also be applied to digital channe...

Page 162: ...Labels 3 To turn the labels off press the Display Labels softkey again To assign a predefined label to a channel 1 Press Display Label 2 Press the Channel softkey then turn the Entry knob or successi...

Page 163: ...ftkey to assign the label to your selected channel 5 Repeat the above procedure for each predefined label you want to assign to a channel To define a new label 1 Press Display Label 2 Press the Channe...

Page 164: ...ter you press the Apply New Label softkey Therefore you only need to select a new channel and press the Apply New Label softkey again to assign the label to the channel Only the original label is save...

Page 165: ...alled A12345 the new label is not added to the library When you save a new user defined label the new label will replace the oldest label in the list Oldest is defined as the longest time since the la...

Page 166: ...splay Label 2 In the label menu press Annotation 3 In the Annotation Menu press the Display softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the desired annotation 4 Then press the Display softkey again to e...

Page 167: ...or press the Edit softkey again The annotation text appears in the softkey 8 Press the Text Color softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the annotation color You can choose white red or colors that...

Page 168: ...168 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 10 Labels See Also To save BMP or PNG image files on page 324 To print the oscilloscope s display on page 335...

Page 169: ...ied Trigger 204 A trigger setup tells the oscilloscope when to acquire and display data For example you can set up to trigger on the rising edge of the analog channel 1 input signal You can adjust the...

Page 170: ...starting on page 321 Triggers General Information A triggered waveform is one in which the oscilloscope begins tracing displaying the waveform from the left side of the display to the right each time...

Page 171: ...level for a selected digital channel is set using the threshold menu in the Digital Channel Menu Press the Digital key on the front panel then press the Thresholds softkey to set the threshold level T...

Page 172: ...digital channels minus one External triggers on the EXT TRIG IN signal Line triggers at the 50 level of the rising or falling edge of the AC power source signal WaveGen triggers at the 50 level of the...

Page 173: ...isplayed in the upper right corner of the display Using Autoscale to Set Up Edge Triggers The easiest way to set up an Edge trigger on a waveform is to use Autoscale Simply press the Auto Scale key an...

Page 174: ...n the Nth edge occurs after an arming edge and a delay period The arm and trigger edges can be specified as Rising or Falling edges on analog or digital channels 1 Press the Trigger key 2 In the Trigg...

Page 175: ...lds to set the threshold level for digital channels The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displayed in the upper right corner of the display 5 Press the Back Up key to return to the T...

Page 176: ...or analog channels turn the Trigger Level knob For digital channels press the Digital key and select Thresholds to set the threshold level The value of the trigger level or digital threshold is displa...

Page 177: ...10 ns Greater than a time value For example for a positive pulse if you set t 10 ns Within a range of time values For example for a positive pulse if you set t 10 ns and t 15 ns 7 Select the qualifie...

Page 178: ...e Trigger softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Pattern 3 Press the Qualifier softkey then turn the Entry knob to select from the pattern duration qualifier options Entered when the pattern is en...

Page 179: ...d channel A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel s trigger level or threshold level X sets the pattern to don t care on the selected channel Any channel set to don t care is ignore...

Page 180: ...hether you are displaying the bus or not To trigger on a bus value 1 Select the pattern trigger type and qualifier as described in Pattern Trigger on page 178 2 Press the Bus1 or Bus2 softkey and use...

Page 181: ...annel you want to include in the OR trigger press the Channel softkey to select the channel As you press the Channel softkey or rotate the Entry knob the channel you select is highlighted in the OR li...

Page 182: ...6 To set all analog and digital channels to the edge selected by the Slope softkey press the Set all Edges softkey Rise Fall Time Trigger The Rise Fall Time trigger looks for a rising or falling trans...

Page 183: ...he Level Select softkey to select High then turn the Trigger Level knob to adjust the high level 6 Press the Level Select softkey to select Low then turn the Trigger Level knob to adjust the low level...

Page 184: ...3 NFC Triggering Characteristics Standard Trigger on In Arm Trigger Arm on Trigger on NFC A SENS_REQ ALL_REQ Either SENS_REQ or ALL_REQ SDD_REQ Arm Trigger SENS_REQ ALL_REQ Either SENS_REQ or ALL_REQ...

Page 185: ...C B NFC F212 and NFC F424 use 10 modulation so the trigger level needs to be set to approximately 95 of the unmodulated carrier amplitude Usually the actual modulation depth is greater than 10 so the...

Page 186: ...period if the second event does not occur 7 With the NFC F standards there is a Reverse Polarity softkey that enables the oscilloscope to trigger on reverse polarity signals When disabled the oscillo...

Page 187: ...e Trigger key 2 In the Trigger Menu press the Trigger softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Nth Edge Burst 3 Press the Source softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the input channel source 4...

Page 188: ...r A positive runt pulse crosses through a lower threshold but not an upper threshold A negative runt pulse crosses through an upper threshold but not a lower threshold To trigger on runt pulses 1 Pres...

Page 189: ...Trigger Level knob to adjust the high level 6 Press the Level Select softkey to select Low then turn the Trigger Level knob to adjust the low level You can also push the Trigger Level knob to toggle b...

Page 190: ...select Setup and Hold 3 Press the Clock softkey then turn the Entry knob to select the input channel with the clock signal 4 Set the appropriate trigger level for the clock signal using the Trigger L...

Page 191: ...oduces triggers based on the video trigger settings you have selected The oscilloscope s MegaZoom IV technology gives you bright easily viewed displays of any part of the video waveform Analysis of vi...

Page 192: ...he Trigger Level knob does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse Trigger coupling is automatically set to TV in the Trigger Mode and Coupling Me...

Page 193: ...nc Pulse NTSC Interlaced Bi level PAL Interlaced Bi level PAL M Interlaced Bi level SECAM Interlaced Bi level Standard Type Sync Pulse Generic Interlaced Progressive Bi level Tri level EDTV 480p 60 Pr...

Page 194: ...t trigger is at first horizontal division from the left unchanged for Generic You can also press Analyze Features and then select Video to quickly access the video triggering automatic set up and disp...

Page 195: ...specific field of the video signal on page 198 To trigger on all fields of the video signal on page 199 To trigger on odd or even fields on page 200 To set up Generic video triggers When Generic avail...

Page 196: ...ync adjustment to the sync time of the probed video signal allows the Edge function to count only lines and not double count during vertical sync When the horizontal sync control is enabled press the...

Page 197: ...gger on all sync pulses When All Lines is selected as the Video trigger mode the oscilloscope will trigger on all horizontal sync pulses 1 Press the Trigger key 2 In the Trigger Menu press the Trigger...

Page 198: ...n either Field 1 or Field 2 available for interleaved standards When a specific field is selected the oscilloscope triggers on the rising edge of the first serration pulse in the vertical sync interva...

Page 199: ...or to find the amplitude differences between the fields use the All Fields trigger mode 1 Press the Trigger key 2 In the Trigger Menu press the Trigger softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Vide...

Page 200: ...n the Trigger Menu press the Trigger softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Video 3 Press the Settings softkey then press the Standard softkey to select the appropriate TV standard 4 Press the Mod...

Page 201: ...ldoff softkey in the Video Trigger Menu Press the Field Holdoff softkey and use the Entry knob to adjust the holdoff in half field increments until the oscilloscope triggers on only one phase of the c...

Page 202: ...me Standard Time NTSC 8 35 ms PAL 10 ms PAL M 10 ms SECAM 10 ms Generic 8 35 ms EDTV 480p 60 8 35 ms EDTV 567p 50 10 ms HDTV 720p 50 10 ms HDTV 720p 60 8 35 ms HDTV 1080p 24 20 835 ms HDTV 1080p 25 20...

Page 203: ...iggers see ARINC 429 Triggering on page 489 CAN CAN FD Triggering on page 399 CXPI Triggering on page 418 FlexRay Triggering on page 428 I2C Triggering on page 438 I2S Triggering on page 458 LIN Trigg...

Page 204: ...rigger feature works on top of the oscilloscope s hardware trigger which determines the acquisitions whose waveforms are evaluated for zone intersection To set up a zone qualified trigger 1 Touch the...

Page 205: ...are shaded differently than the solid Must Intersect zones The zone qualified trigger source does not have to be the same as the hardware trigger source 6 You can use the Zone 1 On and Zone 2 On soft...

Page 206: ...not used In this case Zone 2 will have no fill that is neither solid nor shaded to indicate that it is not being used The zone qualified trigger feature is incompatible with and will disable the XY a...

Page 207: ...u are probing is noisy you can set up the oscilloscope to reduce the noise in the trigger path and on the displayed waveform First stabilize the displayed waveform by removing the noise from the trigg...

Page 208: ...descriptions You can also configure the Quick Action key to toggle between the Auto and Normal trigger modes See Configuring the Quick Action Key on page 357 Triggering and the Pre and Post Trigger B...

Page 209: ...or signals with unknown levels or activity When trigger conditions occur often enough that forced triggers are unnecessary When to Use Normal Trigger Mode The Normal trigger mode is appropriate when...

Page 210: ...gger when your waveform has a large DC offset LF low frequency Reject coupling adds a high pass filter with the 3 dB point at 50 kHz in series with the trigger waveform Low frequency reject removes an...

Page 211: ...igger the oscilloscope 1 Press the Mode Coupling key 2 In the Trigger Mode and Coupling Menu press the Noise Rej softkey to enable or disable To enable or disable trigger HF Reject HF Reject adds a 50...

Page 212: ...he random trigger holdoff mode The random trigger holdoff mode ensures that the oscilloscope re arms after each acquisition in a manner that minimizes or eliminates the likelihood of triggering at the...

Page 213: ...external trigger input impedance is 1M Ohm This lets you use passive probes for general purpose measurements The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the device under...

Page 214: ...vity and the trigger level will reflect the measurement units you have selected 4 Press the Probe softkey then turn the Entry knob to specify the probe attenuation The attenuation factor can be set fr...

Page 215: ...trol There are two front panel keys for starting and stopping the oscilloscope s acquisition system Run Stop and Single When the Run Stop key is green the oscilloscope is running that is acquiring dat...

Page 216: ...sistence See To set or clear persistence on page 157 Single vs Running and Record Length The maximum data record length is greater for a single acquisition than when the oscilloscope is running or whe...

Page 217: ...rate Sampling Theory The Nyquist sampling theorem states that for a limited bandwidth band limited signal with maximum frequency fMAX the equally spaced sampling frequency fS must be greater than twic...

Page 218: ...e rate is fS 2fBW However the theory assumes there are no frequency components above fMAX fBW in this case and it requires a system with an ideal brick wall frequency response However digital signals...

Page 219: ...d Its Effect on Rise Time Accuracy Keysight Application Note 1420 http literature cdn keysight com litweb pdf 5988 8008EN pdf See Also Evaluating Oscilloscope Sample Rates vs Sampling Fidelity How to...

Page 220: ...te the maximum practical frequency component From Dr Howard W Johnson s book High Speed Digital Design A Handbook of Black Magic all fast edges have an infinite spectrum of frequency components Howeve...

Page 221: ...hieves the actual sample rate by throwing away decimating unneeded samples Selecting the Acquisition Mode When selecting the oscilloscope acquisition mode keep in mind that samples are normally decima...

Page 222: ...25 High Resolution at slower time div settings all samples in the effective sample period are averaged and the average value is stored Use this mode for reducing random noise See High Resolution Acqui...

Page 223: ...w as compared to the waveform Peak detect mode can be used to more easily view glitches or narrow pulses In peak detect mode narrow glitches and sharp edges are displayed more brightly than when in No...

Page 224: ...s the display with new acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed at reduced intensity Waveform per...

Page 225: ...A higher number of averages reduces noise more and increases vertical resolution The higher the number of averages the slower the displayed waveform responds to waveform changes You must compromise be...

Page 226: ...226 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 13 Acquisition Control Figure 39 Random noise on the displayed waveform Figure 40 128 Averages used to reduce random noise...

Page 227: ...of vertical resolution is dependent on the time per division setting sweep speed of the oscilloscope The slower the time div setting the greater the number of samples that are averaged together for ea...

Page 228: ...ing is off equivalent time mode Instead of the reconstruction filter a technique known as random repetitive sampling is used to build up and draw one waveform using multiple triggers acquisitions Equi...

Page 229: ...rements Statistics and Infinite Persistence with Segmented Memory on page 231 to show infinite persistence across all acquired segments See also To set or clear persistence on page 157 for details To...

Page 230: ...ee Also Navigating Segments on page 230 Measurements Statistics and Infinite Persistence with Segmented Memory on page 231 Segmented Memory Re Arm Time on page 231 Saving Data from Segmented Memory on...

Page 231: ...sistence display Segmented Memory Re Arm Time After each segment fills the oscilloscope re arms and is ready to trigger in about 1 s Remember though for example if the horizontal time per division con...

Page 232: ...232 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 13 Acquisition Control...

Page 233: ...ors are vertical dashed lines that adjust horizontally and can be used to measure time s frequency 1 s phase and ratio The X1 cursor is the short dashed vertical line and the X2 cursor is the long das...

Page 234: ...key The Cursors box in the right side information area appears indicating that cursors are on Press the Cursors key again when you want to turn cursors off 3 In the Cursors Menu press Mode then selec...

Page 235: ...displayed as 1 higher than trigger level 0 lower than trigger level indeterminate state or X don t care In Binary mode X is displayed if the channel is turned off In Hex mode the channel is interpret...

Page 236: ...360 degrees Ratio when selected use the Use X Cursors softkey to set the current X1 location as 0 and the current X2 location as 100 You can press the Y Units softkey to select Base the same units use...

Page 237: ...Cursors 14 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 237 Cursor Examples Figure 41 Cursors used to measure pulse widths other than middle threshold points...

Page 238: ...InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 14 Cursors Expand the display with Zoom mode then characterize the event of interest with the cursors Figure 42 Cursors measure frequency of pu...

Page 239: ...sors 14 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 239 Put the X1 cursor on one side of a pulse and the X2 cursor on the other side of the pulse Figure 43 Cursors track Zoom wind...

Page 240: ...iVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 14 Cursors Press the X1 X2 linked softkey and move the cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train Figure 44 Measuring pulse...

Page 241: ...Cursors 14 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 241 Figure 45 Moving the cursors together to check pulse width variations...

Page 242: ...242 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 14 Cursors...

Page 243: ...e on analog input channels The results of the last eight selected measurements are displayed in the Measurements list dialog which can be selected from the right hand sidebar menu see Select Sidebar I...

Page 244: ...NOTE Post Acquisition Processing In addition to changing display parameters after the acquisition you can perform all of the measurements and math functions after the acquisition Measurements and mat...

Page 245: ...on some measurements 7 Press the Add Measurement softkey or push the Entry knob to display the measurement Cursors are turned on to show the portion of the waveform being measured for the most recentl...

Page 246: ...easurement softkey to select the measurement you would like to edit 4 Press the Parameter softkey to select the parameter s you would like to edit then use the remaining softkeys to edit that paramete...

Page 247: ...specify the second source Duty Cycle on page 260 Yes Fall Time on page 261 Frequency on page 258 Yes Maximum on page 251 Yes Minimum on page 251 Yes Rising Edge Count on page 266 Falling Edges Count...

Page 248: ...cables are used Zoom In waveform data below the probe s clamp level is joined with Zoom Out waveform data above the probe s clamp level to create the waveform on which the measurement is made These me...

Page 249: ...the ground connection the probe s common mode input amplifier cannot properly display waveforms Snapshot All The Snapshot All measurement type displays a popup containing a snapshot of all the single...

Page 250: ...ge 357 Voltage Measurements The following figure shows the voltage measurement points Measurement units for each input channel can be set to Volts or Amps using the channel Probe Units softkey See To...

Page 251: ...red Maximum Maximum is the highest value in the waveform display The Y cursor shows the value being measured Minimum Minimum is the lowest value in the waveform display The Y cursor shows the value be...

Page 252: ...e lower Zoom window See Measurement Window on page 272 Base The Base of a waveform is the mode most common value of the lower part of the waveform or if the mode is not well defined the base is the sa...

Page 253: ...ries Oscilloscopes User s Guide 253 Figure 48 Automatic Overshoot measurement Rising edge oversh ot local Maximum D Top Amplitude 100 Falling edge oversh ot Base D local Minimum Amplitude 100 Overshoo...

Page 254: ...t ith point being measured n number of points in measurement interval The Full Screen measurement interval variation measures the value on all displayed data points The N Cycles measurement interval v...

Page 255: ...measured AC RMS AC RMS is the root mean square value of the waveform with the DC component removed It is useful for example for measuring power supply noise The N Cycles measurement interval measures...

Page 256: ...ian distribution two sigma 1 from the mean is where 68 3 percent of the measurement results reside Six sigma 3 from is where 99 7 percent of the measurement results reside The mean is calculated as fo...

Page 257: ...urements The following figure shows time measurement points The default lower middle and upper measurement thresholds are 10 50 and 90 between Top and Base values See Measurement Thresholds on page 27...

Page 258: ...ined as 1 Period Period is defined as the time between the middle threshold crossings of two consecutive like polarity edges A middle threshold crossing must also travel through the lower and upper th...

Page 259: ...to 0 1 s and 10 s Unlike other measurements the Zoom horizontal timebase window does not gate the Counter measurement The Counter measurement can measure frequencies up to the bandwidth of the oscill...

Page 260: ...the falling edge to the middle threshold of the next rising edge The X cursors show the pulse being measured The Y cursor shows the middle threshold point Burst Width The Burst Width measurement is t...

Page 261: ...nts Fall Time The fall time of a signal is the time difference between the crossing of the upper threshold and the crossing of the lower threshold for a negative going edge The X cursor shows the edge...

Page 262: ...he Source 2 Edge and cannot be changed In this case the source 2 edge closest to the source 1 edge is used When edge numbers are selected edges are counted from the left side of the display for both s...

Page 263: ...knob to select Phase 4 Click the Parameter softkey then select and specify the following parameters Source 1 Source 2 The default Phase settings measure from channel 1 to channel 2 5 Press the Add Me...

Page 264: ...value is being measured X at Max Y X at Max Y is the X axis value usually time at the first displayed occurrence of the waveform Maximum starting from the left side of the display For periodic signal...

Page 265: ...n page 265 Negative Pulse Count on page 265 Rising Edge Count on page 266 Falling Edges Count on page 266 Positive Pulse Count The Positive Pulse Count measurement is a pulse count for the selected wa...

Page 266: ...aveform source This measurement is available for analog channels Falling Edges Count The Falling Edges Count measurement is an edge count for the selected waveform source This measurement is available...

Page 267: ...ow what interval of the waveform is being measured FFT Analysis Measurements Channel Power on page 267 Occupied Bandwidth on page 268 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACPR on page 268 Total Harmonic Disto...

Page 268: ...with cursors the cursors show the measured bandwidth frequency range Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACPR Adjacent Channel Power Ratio or just Adjacent Power Ratio or channel leakage ratio measures the r...

Page 269: ...ed with cursors the cursors show the sideband being measured Total Harmonic Distortion THD Total Harmonic Distortion THD is the ratio of power in the fundamental frequency to the power contained in th...

Page 270: ...sholds softkey to set analog channel measurement thresholds You can also open the Measurement Threshold Menu by pressing Analyze Features and then selecting Measurement Thresholds 2 Press the Source s...

Page 271: ...upper thresholds The default middle threshold is 50 or 1 20 V If threshold Type is set to the middle threshold value can be set from 1 to 99 6 Press the Upper softkey then turn the Entry knob to set t...

Page 272: ...se is not displayed the Main window is used Main The measurement window is the Main window Zoom The measurement window is the lower Zoom window Gated by Cursors The measurement window is between the X...

Page 273: ...andard deviation shown in Statistics is calculated using the same formula used for calculating the standard deviation measurement The formula is shown in the section titled AC RMS on page 255 You can...

Page 274: ...rement Statistics softkey only appears when the acquisition is stopped and the optional segmented memory feature is off Press the Single or Run Stop key to stop the acquisition You can use the horizon...

Page 275: ...h chosen parameters Compliance to the mask is verified point by point across the display Mask test operates on displayed analog channels it does not operate on channels that are not displayed To enabl...

Page 276: ...nalog channel is selected 7 Adjust the mask s horizontal tolerance Y and vertical tolerance X These are adjustable in graticule divisions or in absolute units volts or seconds selectable using the Uni...

Page 277: ...is switched on when mask test is switched on then infinite persistence is switched off when mask test is switched off Troubleshooting Mask Setup If you press Create Mask and the mask appears to cover...

Page 278: ...ayed above the softkeys Minimum Time Choose this option and then use the Test Time softkey to select how long the oscilloscope will run When the selected time has passed the oscilloscope will stop The...

Page 279: ...mode is not available when the acquisition mode is set to Averaging Note that you can choose to Print or Save but you cannot select both at the same time All other actions may be selected at the same...

Page 280: ...displayed Current mask name of mask Channel number date and time of Tests total number of mask tests executed Status Passing Failing or Untested Accumulated test time in hours minutes seconds and ten...

Page 281: ...ess to Save softkey This creates an ASCII text file that describes the mask 8 Remove the USB mass storage device and connect it to a PC 9 Open the msk file your created using a text editor such as Wor...

Page 282: ...m top to bottom left to right An Automask file contains two special regions the region glued to the top of the display and the region that is glued to the bottom The top region is indicated by y value...

Page 283: ...file using the following equation Xnorm X X1 X To convert the normalized X values to time X Xnorm X X1 Oscilloscope Setup Information The keywords setup and end_setup appearing alone on a line define...

Page 284: ...k File The following display shows a mask that uses all eight regions This mask is created by recalling the following mask file MASK_FILE_548XX All Regions Region Number 1 Number of vertices 4 12 50 M...

Page 285: ...Number 6 Number of vertices 6 05 00 1 000 02 50 0 500 02 50 0 500 05 00 1 000 02 50 1 500 02 50 1 500 Region Number 7 Number of vertices 5 10 00 1 000 12 50 0 500 15 00 0 500 15 00 1 500 12 50 1 500...

Page 286: ...s t 0 and V 0 reference locations and the XDELta and Y2 setup commands specify the size of the graph s x and y units The X1 setup command specifies the time location of the x y graph s x origin The Y1...

Page 287: ...ve analog channel is tested against the mask database for each acquisition Over 2 billion failures can be logged per channel The number of acquisitions tested is also logged and displayed as of Tests...

Page 288: ...288 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 16 Mask Testing...

Page 289: ...Vision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 17 Digital Voltmeter and Counter Digital Voltmeter 290 Counter 291 The Digital Voltmeter DVM and Counter analysis features are standard on the 3000T X...

Page 290: ...ver the last 3 seconds The DVM makes accurate RMS measurements when the signal frequency is between 20 Hz and 100 kHz When the signal frequency is outside this range BW Limit or BW Limit appears in th...

Page 291: ...readout like you would see on a standalone counter instrument For frequency and period counter measurements The gate time is specified indirectly by the selected number of digits of resolution from 3...

Page 292: ...frequency that can be counted is 25 MHz The selected channel does not have to be on displaying a waveform in order for counter measurements to be made 5 Press Auto Setup Threshold softkey to have the...

Page 293: ...to enable or disable gating of the edge event count using a positive or negative level on a second analog channel When gating is enabled a Press the Gate Source softkey and turn the Entry knob to sel...

Page 294: ...294 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 17 Digital Voltmeter and Counter...

Page 295: ...range of frequencies while measuring the input to and output from a device under test DUT At each frequency gain A and phase are measured and plotted on a frequency response Bode chart When the frequ...

Page 296: ...Main Menu Analyze Analyze Menu 2 Click Features then select Frequency Response Analysis 3 Click Features again to enable the feature 4 Click the Setup Apply softkey to open the Frequency Response Anal...

Page 297: ...waveform generator amplitude and expected output load impedance To specify different amplitudes for different decades select Amplitude Profile The output impedance of the Gen Out signal is fixed at 5...

Page 298: ...viewing the analysis results in a Bode plot The plot shows both gain and phase measurements versus frequency There are two markers that can be dragged to view actual values along the plot There is a...

Page 299: ...e shows the data point number the frequency the waveform generator output amplitude the measured gain and the measured phase You can scroll the data You can save or e mail the analysis results by choo...

Page 300: ...300 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 18 Frequency Response Analysis...

Page 301: ...the DSOX3WAVEGEN upgrade license The waveform generator gives you an easy way to provide input signals when testing circuitry with the oscilloscope Waveform generator settings can be saved and recalle...

Page 302: ...aveform s characteristics Waveform Type Characteristics Frequency Range Max Amplitude High Z 1 Offset High Z 1 Arbitrary Use the Frequency Frequency Fine Period Period Fine Amplitude High Level and Of...

Page 303: ...pulse signal parameters The pulse width can be adjusted from 20 ns to the period minus 20 ns 100 mHz to 10 MHz 20 mVpp to 5 Vpp 2 50 V DC Use the Offset softkey to set the DC level n a n a 5 00 V Noi...

Page 304: ...the waveform generator sync pulse on page 312 To specify the expected output load on page 312 To use waveform generator logic presets on page 313 To add modulation to the waveform generator output on...

Page 305: ...veform Menu you see the existing arbitrary waveform definition The voltage and time period you see in the diagram are the bounding parameters they come from the frequency and amplitude settings in the...

Page 306: ...veform Interpolate Specifies how lines are drawn between arbitrary waveform points When enabled lines are drawn between points in the waveform editor Voltage levels change linearly between one point a...

Page 307: ...Waveform on page 311 Editing Existing Arbitrary Waveforms Using the Touchscreen to Edit Existing Waveforms To select a point touch or drag in the upper full waveform display For fine points selection...

Page 308: ...iiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 19 Waveform Generator To adjust the value of a point drag the voltage level handle up or down To select a points region drag across the upper or lowe...

Page 309: ...select the operation and use the controls for the selected operation Cut Copy selected points regions to the clipboard and Paste points from the clipboard When pasting points from the clipboard you c...

Page 310: ...rea Using Softkeys to Edit Existing Waveforms The Edit Waveform Points Menu is opened by pressing Edit Existing in the Edit Waveform Menu or by pressing Apply Edit when creating a new arbitrary wavefo...

Page 311: ...eform Menu is opened by pressing Edit Waveform in the main Waveform Generator Menu To capture another waveform to the arbitrary waveform 1 Press Source then use the Entry knob to select the analog cha...

Page 312: ...Settings softkey 3 In the Waveform Generator Settings Menu press the Out Load softkey and turn the Entry knob to select 50 High Z The output impedance of the Gen Out BNC is fixed at 50 ohms However t...

Page 313: ...Generator Settings Menu press the Logic Presets softkey 4 In the Waveform Generator Logic Level Presets Menu press one of the softkeys to set the generated signal s Low and High voltages to logic comp...

Page 314: ...orm generator output 1 If the Waveform Generator Menu is not currently displayed on the oscilloscope s softkeys press the Wave Gen key 2 In the Waveform Generator Menu press the Settings softkey 3 In...

Page 315: ...and turn the Entry knob to select the shape of the modulating signal Sine Square Ramp When the Ramp shape is selected a Symmetry softkey appears so that you can specify the amount of time per cycle t...

Page 316: ...ress the Waveform softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the shape of the modulating signal Sine Square Ramp When the Ramp shape is selected a Symmetry softkey appears so that you can specify the a...

Page 317: ...uency deviation cannot be greater than the original carrier signal frequency Also the sum of the original carrier signal frequency and the frequency deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum...

Page 318: ...Entry knob to specify the rate at which the output frequency shifts The FSK rate specifies a digital square wave modulating signal The following screen shows an FSK modulation of a 100 kHz sine wave...

Page 319: ...eform Generator 19 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 319 The waveform generator factory default settings 1 kHz sine wave 500 mVpp 0 V offset High Z output load are resto...

Page 320: ...320 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 19 Waveform Generator...

Page 321: ...to a USB storage device and recalled later You can also recall default or factory default setups Oscilloscope screen images can be saved to a USB storage device in BMP or PNG formats Acquired wavefor...

Page 322: ...of all displayed channels and math waveforms This format is suitable for spreadsheet analysis See To save CSV ASCII XY or BIN data files on page 324 ASCII XY data csv This creates separate files of c...

Page 323: ...d values for the different types of analysis results See the PWR Power Measurement Application User s Guide for more information Frequency Response Analysis data csv This creates a file of comma separ...

Page 324: ...ule in the image file has a white background instead of the black background that appears on screen Palette lets you choose between Color or Grayscale images 4 Finally press the Press to Save softkey...

Page 325: ...is selected comma separated values for each displayed waveform and digital channel pod are saved as multiple columns in a single file Math FFT waveforms whose values are in the frequency domain are ap...

Page 326: ...f data points saved depends on displayed data and on these factors Whether acquisitions are running When stopped data comes from the raw acquisition record When running data comes from the smaller mea...

Page 327: ...iles Lister data files can be saved to an external USB storage device 1 Press Save Recall Save Format then turn the Entry knob to select Lister data file 2 Press the softkey in the second position and...

Page 328: ...torage device 1 Press Save Recall Save Format then turn the Entry knob to select Mask msk 2 Press the softkey in the second position and use the Entry knob to navigate to the save location See To navi...

Page 329: ...to go when you can push the Entry knob to navigate to a new folder or storage location Location when you have navigated to the current folder location and are not saving files Save to when you can sa...

Page 330: ...um and more digits are required for the numeric portion of the file name Emailing Setups Screen Images or Data You can send oscilloscope files over the network via e mail You can e mail any file that...

Page 331: ...Quick Action Key on page 357 Recalling Setups Masks or Data 1 Press the Save Recall key 2 In the Save Recall Menu press Recall 3 In the Recall Menu press Recall then turn the Entry knob to select the...

Page 332: ...ice 1 Press Save Recall Recall Recall then turn the Entry knob to select Mask msk 2 Press the softkey in the second position and use the Entry knob to navigate to the file to recall See To navigate st...

Page 333: ...ect which column to load Up to five columns are parsed by the oscilloscope columns above the fifth are ignored The oscilloscope uses a maximum of 8192 points for an arbitrary waveform For more efficie...

Page 334: ...setup Factory Default recalls the oscilloscope s factory default settings You must confirm the recall because there are no user settings that are left unchanged Performing a Secure Erase 1 Press the...

Page 335: ...ey are ghosted not available until a printer is connected To print the oscilloscope s display 1 Connect a printer You can Connect a USB printer to one of the the USB ports on the front panel or the re...

Page 336: ...u can also configure the Quick Action key to print the display See Configuring the Quick Action Key on page 357 See Also To add an annotation on page 166 NOTE The oscilloscope will print the last menu...

Page 337: ...xt using The touch screen when the front panel Touch key is lit The Entry knob Turn the knob to select a key in the dialog then push the Entry knob to enter it A connected USB keyboard A connected USB...

Page 338: ...tions Setup Information Select this to print oscilloscope setup information on your printout including vertical horizontal trigger acquisition math and display settings Invert Graticule Colors Select...

Page 339: ...s User s Guide 339 To specify the palette option In the Print Configuration Menu press the Palette softkey to change the following options Color Select this to print the screen in color Grayscale Sele...

Page 340: ...340 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 21 Print Screens...

Page 341: ...Enabling Remote Command Logging 351 Performing Service Tasks 352 Configuring the Quick Action Key 357 This chapter explains oscilloscope utility functions I O Interface Settings The oscilloscope can b...

Page 342: ...ce the oscilloscope on the network and set up its LAN connection Once that is done you can set up and use network printers or use the oscilloscope s web interface or remotely control the oscilloscope...

Page 343: ...pe to the local area network LAN by inserting the LAN cable into the LAN port on the rear panel of the oscilloscope In a few moments the oscilloscope will connect to the network automatically If the o...

Page 344: ...e computer 1 Press Utility I O 2 Press the LAN Settings softkey 3 Press the Config softkey then turn the Entry knob to select Automatic and press the softkey again to enable it If your network support...

Page 345: ...cations for waveform generator arbitrary waveform files To use the File Explorer 1 Press Utility File Explorer 2 In the File Explorer Menu press the softkey in the first position and use the Entry kno...

Page 346: ...matted with the FAT or FAT32 file system format When the USB mass storage device is connected to the oscilloscope s front or rear USB host port a small four color circle icon may be displayed briefly...

Page 347: ...level of the signal is identified by the position of the ground level icon at the far left side of the display The ground level will not move when you adjust the vertical sensitivity volts division co...

Page 348: ...ress the Text softkey b In the Text keypad dialog you can enter text using The touch screen when the front panel Touch key is lit The Entry knob Turn the knob to select a key in the dialog then push t...

Page 349: ...ify the channels to be autoscaled All Channels The next time you press Auto Scale all channels that meet the requirements of Autoscale will be displayed Only Displayed Channels The next time you press...

Page 350: ...he Rear Panel Menu press Trig Out then turn the Entry knob to select from Triggers Each time the oscilloscope triggers a rising edge occurs on TRIG OUT The rising edge is delayed 30 ns from the oscill...

Page 351: ...creen to a text file on a USB storage device or to both the screen and a text file To enable remote command logging 1 Press Utility Options Remote Log to open the Remote Log Menu 2 Press Enable to ena...

Page 352: ...you view underlying waveforms Disable for a solid background which makes the logged remote commands easier to read Performing Service Tasks The Service Menu under Utility Service lets you perform serv...

Page 353: ...ST National Institute of Standards and Technology traceability is required perform the Performance Verification procedure in the Service Guide using traceable sources To perform user calibration 1 Dis...

Page 354: ...Settings For a 4 channel oscilloscope connect BNC tees to the equal length cables as shown below Then connect a BNC f to BNC f barrel connector to the tee as shown below Figure 50 User Calibration ca...

Page 355: ...nal procedures to verify that the oscilloscope is operating properly It is recommended you run Hardware Self Test After experiencing abnormal operation For additional information to better describe an...

Page 356: ...tus Pressing Utility Service User Calibration Status displays the summary results of the previous User Calibration and the status of probe calibrations for probes that can be calibrated Note that pass...

Page 357: ...ffice for additional details Information on contacting Keysight Technologies can be found at www keysight com find contactus 1 Write the following information on a tag and attach it to the oscilloscop...

Page 358: ...eens starting on page 335 Quick Save saves the current image waveform data or setup Press Settings to set up the save options See Chapter 20 Save Email Recall Setups Screens Data starting on page 321...

Page 359: ...IP address and VISA address connect string Control the oscilloscope using the Remote Front Panel Send SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation remote programming commands via the SCPI...

Page 360: ...ed Before you can use the web interface you must place the oscilloscope on the network and set up its LAN connection Accessing the Web Interface To access the oscilloscope s web interface 1 Connect th...

Page 361: ...ou access to The Full Scope Remote Front Panel see Full Scope Remote Front Panel on page 362 The Screen Only Remote Front Panel see Screen Only Remote Front Panel on page 363 The Tablet Remote Front P...

Page 362: ...oscilloscope using the web interface s Full Scope Remote Front Panel 1 Access the oscilloscope s web interface see Accessing the Web Interface on page 360 2 When the oscilloscope s web interface is d...

Page 363: ...e Front Panel 1 Access the oscilloscope s web interface see Accessing the Web Interface on page 360 2 When the oscilloscope s web interface is displayed select Browser Web Control then select Screen O...

Page 364: ...ter than 800 x 600 on your computer s display Tablet Remote Front Panel To operate the oscilloscope using the web interface s Tablet Remote Front Panel 1 Access the oscilloscope s web interface see Ac...

Page 365: ...ote programming commands to the oscilloscope via the SCPI Commands applet window 1 Access the oscilloscope s web interface see Accessing the Web Interface on page 360 2 When the oscilloscope s web int...

Page 366: ...ta acquisition is typically done using the Keysight IO Libraries which are separate from the instrument s web interface The Keysight IO Libraries let a controller PC communicate with Keysight InfiniiV...

Page 367: ...can save setup files screen images waveform data files or mask files to your PC via the oscilloscope s web interface see Saving Files via the Web Interface on page 367 You can recall setup files refe...

Page 368: ...lick Save The current acquisition is saved d In the File Download dialog click Save e In the Save As dialog navigate to the folder where you want to save the file then click Save Recalling Files via t...

Page 369: ...d Click Recall Get Image To save or print the oscilloscope s display from the web interface 1 Access the oscilloscope s web interface see Accessing the Web Interface on page 360 2 When the oscillosco...

Page 370: ...the oscilloscope s web interface see Accessing the Web Interface on page 360 2 When the oscilloscope s web interface Welcome Page is displayed select the Identification on radio button An Identify mes...

Page 371: ...ight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 371 View installed options View firmware versions Install firmware upgrade files View calibration status You can select these capabilities...

Page 372: ...te users can still view the Welcome screen view network status etc but they can t operate the instrument or change its setup without the password To set a password 1 Access the oscilloscope s web inte...

Page 373: ...user name is the IP address of the oscilloscope To reset the password Do one of these things to reset the password Using the keys on the front panel of the oscilloscope press Utility I O LAN Reset Us...

Page 374: ...374 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 23 Web Interface...

Page 375: ...Product Markings and Regulatory Information 392 Specifications and Characteristics Please see the InfiniiVision oscilloscope data sheets for complete up to date specifications and characteristics To...

Page 376: ...nts on distribution boards circuit breakers wiring including cables bus bars junction boxes switches socket outlets in the fixed installation and equipment for industrial use and some other equipment...

Page 377: ...egory II which is typical of cord and plug connected equipment Pollution Degree The InfiniiVision 3000T X Series oscilloscopes may be operated in environments of Pollution Degree 2 or Pollution Degree...

Page 378: ...supported quantity of active probes See Also For more information on probes and accessories see www keysight com for Probes and Accessories Selection Guide 5989 6162EN InfiniiVision Oscilloscope Probe...

Page 379: ...UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter protocols including RS232 Recommended Standard 232 Order DSOX3COMP CXPI CXPI Clock Extension Peripheral Interface Serial Triggering and Analysis Order...

Page 380: ...s From time to time Keysight Technologies releases software and firmware updates for its products To search for firmware updates for your oscilloscope direct your web browser to www keysight com find...

Page 381: ...ce is on all displayed sources will be saved except math functions When using segmented memory each segment is treated as a separate waveform All segments for a channel are saved then all segments of...

Page 382: ...directory for MATLAB The default work directory is C MATLAB7 work Binary Header Format File Header There is only one file header in a binary file The file header consists of the following information...

Page 383: ...efault value is 0 X Display Range A 32 bit float that is the X axis duration of the waveform that is displayed For time domain waveforms it is the duration of time across the display If the value is z...

Page 384: ...red data The possible values are listed above under X Units Date A 16 byte character array left blank in InfiniiVision oscilloscopes Time A 16 byte character array left blank in the InfiniiVision osci...

Page 385: ...he following picture shows a binary file of a single acquisition with multiple analog channels Buffer Type A 16 bit short that is the type of waveform data stored in the file 0 Unknown data 1 Normal 3...

Page 386: ...of Waveform Buffers 1 Buffer Type 1 floating point Bytes per Point 4 Waveform Header 1 140 bytes Waveform Data Header 1 12 bytes Voltage Data 1 buffer size Waveform Header 2 140 bytes Waveform Data H...

Page 387: ...sition on one analog channel File Header 12 bytes Waveform Header 2 140 bytes Waveform Data Header 1 12 bytes Pod 1 Timing Data buffer size Waveform Data Header 2 12 bytes Pod 2 Timing Data buffer siz...

Page 388: ...eform Header 2 140 bytes Waveform Data Header 2 12 bytes Voltage Data 2 buffer size Waveform Header N 140 bytes Waveform Data Header N 12 bytes Voltage Data N buffer size Number of Waveforms N Number...

Page 389: ...tion When the oscilloscope s sample rate is 4 GSa s a sample will be taken every 250 ps If the horizontal scale is set to 10 us div there will be 100 us of data displayed because there are ten divisio...

Page 390: ...e Inc GNU Library General Public License LGPL Version 2 HDF5 HDF5 was developed by The HDF Group and by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana Cham...

Page 391: ...t even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details Source code can be obtained from the third party or by contacting...

Page 392: ...eysight InfiniiVision oscilloscopes manuals CD ROM Table 7 Third Party Software continued Software Description and Copyright License1 Symbol Description Caution risk of electric shock Caution refer to...

Page 393: ...du Canada This is a marking to indicate product compliance with the Industry Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Standard ICES 001 This is also a symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Gr...

Page 394: ...394 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 24 Reference...

Page 395: ...the AUTO license that you can get by purchasing the DSOXT3AUTO upgrade Setup for CAN CAN FD Signals Setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a CAN signal using the Signals Menu to specify the...

Page 396: ...selected serial decode slot 7 Press the Std Rate Settings softkey to open the CAN Standard Rate Settings Menu a Press the Baud softkey then turn the Entry knob to select the baud rate that matches ma...

Page 397: ...efined baud rates from 1 10 Mb s or a user defined baud rate from 10 0 kb s to 10 Mb s in increments of 100 b s If the baud rate you select does not match the CAN FD baud rate false triggers and decod...

Page 398: ...source channel using a differential probe Connect the probe s positive lead to the dominant high CAN signal CAN_H and connect the negative lead to the dominant low CAN signal CAN_L Dominant low signa...

Page 399: ...th the decode waveform and the Lister window CAN CAN FD Triggering To set up the oscilloscope to capture a CAN signal see Setup for CAN CAN FD Signals on page 395 The Controller Area Network CAN trigg...

Page 400: ...at the end of the last data byte defined in the trigger You can trigger on up to 8 bytes of data anywhere within the CAN FD data which can be up to 64 bytes long Remote Frame ID triggers on standard C...

Page 401: ...abase file A message is the symbolic name for a CAN frame ID a signal is the symbolic name for a bit or set of bits within the CAN data and a value can be a symbolic representation of the signal bit v...

Page 402: ...cope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the decoded data See Also Interpreting CAN CAN FD Decode on page 403 C...

Page 403: ...ue for data frames green for remote frames The DLC is always a decimal value CAN frame types can be FD a CAN FD frame whose bit rate does not switch during the data phase BRS a CAN FD frame whose bit...

Page 404: ...ed error frames red with ERR FRAME STUFF ERR FORM ERR ACK ERR GLITCH ERR or unknown Pink vertical bars Expand horizontal scale and run again to see decode Red Dot More information is available Decoded...

Page 405: ...Stuff and CRC errors If a packet has more than one type of error that packet will increment the counter by the total number of errors in the packet The ERR FR counter gives the total number of complet...

Page 406: ...capability lets you search for and mark certain types of CAN data in the Lister You can use the Navigate key and controls to navigate through the marked rows 1 With CAN selected as the serial decode m...

Page 407: ...ignal specifying the signal source threshold voltage level baud rate sample point and other LIN signal parameters To set up the oscilloscope to capture LIN signals 1 Press Serial 2 Press the Serial so...

Page 408: ...le point at which the oscilloscope will sample the bit value 11 Press the Standard softkey then turn the Entry knob to select the LIN standard you are measuring LIN 1 3 LIN 1 3 no length control Selec...

Page 409: ...SB storage device 3 Press Load to and select which serial decode S1 or S2 the symbolic information will be used with 4 Press Press to Recall The LIN description file remains in the oscilloscope until...

Page 410: ...select the value for the Frame ID ID Data Frame ID and Data The oscilloscope triggers when a frame with an ID and data equal to the selected values is detected When triggering on a frame ID and data T...

Page 411: ...e ID a signal is the symbolic name for a bit or set of bits within the LIN data and a value can be a symbolic representation of the signal bit values or it can be a decimal number with units LIN Seria...

Page 412: ...s selected 3 If the decode line does not appear on the display press the Serial key to turn it on 4 If the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the hor...

Page 413: ...ncorrect Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space within frame boundaries Pink vertical bars indicate you need to expand the horizontal scale and r...

Page 414: ...ns these columns ID frame ID Can be displayed as hex digits or symbolic information see Loading and Displaying LIN Symbolic Data on page 409 Data data bytes Can be displayed as hex digits or symbolic...

Page 415: ...LIN signal is being decoded 3 Press Search then select from these options ID Finds frames with the specified ID Press the Frame ID softkey to select the ID ID Data Finds frames with the specified ID a...

Page 416: ...416 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 25 CAN LIN Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 417: ...SOXT3CXPI license Setup for CXPI Signals To set up the oscilloscope to capture CXPI signals 1 Connect an oscilloscope channel to the signal in the device under test Analog channels can be used 2 Press...

Page 418: ...hen turn the Entry knob or press the softkey again and use a keypad dialog to match the baud rate of the CXPI signal from your device under test The CXPI baud rate can be set from 9600 b s to 40000 b...

Page 419: ...the start bit of any frame EOF End of Frame triggers at the end of any frame PTYPE triggers on any frame that starts with the special PTYPE byte PTYPE frames begins with an extra PID byte with a Fram...

Page 420: ...C You can optionally filter by Frame ID and PTYPE as in the Frame ID trigger Parity Error triggers when the parity bit in the PID or PTYPE field is not correct Inter Byte Space Error triggers when the...

Page 421: ...rames the maximum number of bytes of data you can trigger on is 12 but those 12 bytes can be located at an offset within the data This softkey specifies the offset starting byte The starting byte can...

Page 422: ...the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the acquired data See Also Interpreting CXPI Decode on pag...

Page 423: ...PTYPE field is in error the PTYPE text is displayed in red Packet Frame ID yellow hex digits The packet frame ID can optionally show or omit the leading parity bit Data Length Code DLC cyan The DLC i...

Page 424: ...0s are detected consecutively unknown Pink vertical bars Expand horizontal scale and run again to see decode Red Dot More information is available Decoded text is truncated to fit Expand the horizont...

Page 425: ...ster contains these columns ID value in Hex DLC Data Length Code values in Decimal NM CT Network Management Counter values in Binary Data values in Hex For sleep frames data values are replaced by the...

Page 426: ...426 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 26 CXPI Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 427: ...sists of first connecting the oscilloscope to a differential FlexRay signal using a differential active probe the Keysight N2792A is recommended specifying the signal source threshold voltage trigger...

Page 428: ...pecify the correct bus because this setting affects CRC error detection 9 Press Auto Setup to perform the following actions Sets the selected source channel s impedance to 50 Ohms assuming a different...

Page 429: ...5 Press the Frame ID softkey and use the Entry knob to select the frame ID value from All or 1 to 2047 6 Press the Frame Type softkey to select the frame type All Frames Startup Frames NULL Frames Sy...

Page 430: ...the error type All Errors Header CRC Error cyclic redundancy check error in the header Frame CRC Error cyclic redundancy check error in the frame Triggering on FlexRay Events 1 Press Trigger NOTE Bec...

Page 431: ...Event softkey then select the event type Wake up TSS Transmission Start Sequence BSS ByteStart Sequence FES DTS Frame End or Dynamic Trailing Sequence 5 Press Auto Setup for Event This automatically...

Page 432: ...indow for easier navigation of the acquired data See Also Interpreting FlexRay Decode on page 432 FlexRay Totalizer on page 433 Interpreting FlexRay Lister Data on page 434 Searching for FlexRay Data...

Page 433: ...The totalizer appears on screen whenever FlexRay Decode is ON in the Serial Decode Menu The FRAMES counter gives a real time count of all captured frames The NULL counter gives the number and percenta...

Page 434: ...ns FID frame ID Len payload length HCRC header CRC CYC cycle number Data FCRC frame CRC Frames with errors are highlighted in red Searching for FlexRay Data in the Lister The oscilloscope s search cap...

Page 435: ...le number and ID Press the Frame ID softkey to select the ID Press the Cycle softkey to select the number Data Frame ID Cycle number Finds frames with the specified data cycle number and frame ID Pres...

Page 436: ...436 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 27 FlexRay Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 437: ...e requires the EMBD license that you can get by purchasing the DSOX3EMBD upgrade Setup for I2C Signals I2 C Inter IC bus signals setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to the serial data SDA li...

Page 438: ...voltage level is used in decoding and it will become the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot Data must be stable during the whole high clock cycle or it will...

Page 439: ...ny Ack SCL clock bit Address with no Ack The oscilloscope triggers when the acknowledge of the selected address field is false The R W bit is ignored Restart The oscilloscope triggers when another sta...

Page 440: ...26th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match For triggering purposes a restart is treated as a start condition 10 bit Write The oscilloscope triggers on a 10 bit write frame on the 26th clock edge...

Page 441: ...or 10 bit device address You can select from an address range of 0x00 to 0x7F 7 bit or 0x3FF 10 bit hexadecimal When triggering on a read write frame the oscilloscope will trigger after the start addr...

Page 442: ...e 3 If the decode line does not appear on the display press the Serial key to turn it on 4 If the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Z...

Page 443: ...s appear in yellow along with the R character Restart addresses appear in green along with the S character Data values appear in white a indicates Ack low a indicates No Ack high Decoded text is trunc...

Page 444: ...dress colored blue for writes yellow for reads Data data bytes Missing Ack indicated by an X highlighted in red if an error Aliased data is highlighted in pink When this happens decrease the horizonta...

Page 445: ...Write Ack Data finds a write frame on the 17th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match Frame Start Address7 Read Ack Data Ack Data2 finds a read frame on the 26th clock edge if all bits in the pa...

Page 446: ...ally set b Press the Threshold softkey then turn the Entry knob to select the clock signal threshold voltage level The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become the trigger level...

Page 447: ...ome the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot 7 Optional Press the MISO softkey to open the SPI Master In Slave Out Menu In the SPI Master In Slave Out Menu a P...

Page 448: ...s set to CS or CS the first clock edge as defined rising or falling seen after the CS or CS signal transitions from low to high or high to low is the first clock in the serial stream Chip Select Press...

Page 449: ...d it will become the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot When Display Info is enabled information about the selected signal sources and their threshold voltag...

Page 450: ...Bits in the serial data string The number of bits in the string can be set anywhere from 4 bits to 64 bits The data values for the serial string are displayed in the MOSI MISO Data string in the wavef...

Page 451: ...n displaying data in the serial decode waveform and in the Lister 4 If the decode line does not appear on the display press the Serial key to turn it on 5 If the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run...

Page 452: ...cimal data values appear in white Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space within frame boundaries Pink vertical bars indicate you need to expand t...

Page 453: ...in the Lister The oscilloscope s search capability lets you search for and mark certain types of SPI data in the Lister You can use the Navigate key and controls to navigate through the marked rows 1...

Page 454: ...values 5 Press the Data softkey and use the keypad dialog to enter the hexadecimal data value The search pattern is always left justified in the packet If you want to search for a value in the second...

Page 455: ...Sound signals setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to the serial clock word select and serial data lines and then specifying the input signal threshold voltage levels To set up the oscillosc...

Page 456: ...slot The SCLK WS and SDATA labels for the source channels are automatically set 6 Press the Back Up key to return to the Serial Decode Menu 7 Press the Bus Config softkey to open the I2 S Bus Configu...

Page 457: ...en turn the Entry knob to select whether WS Low indicates Left or Right channel data The on screen diagram changes with your selection WS Low Left Channel Left channel data corresponds to WS low right...

Page 458: ...h your selection I2S Triggering To set up the oscilloscope to capture I2S signals see Setup for I2S Signals on page 455 After you have set up the oscilloscope to capture I2S signals you can then trigg...

Page 459: ...nge enter upper and lower values to specify range in which trigger will not occur Increasing value triggers when the data value is increasing over time and the specified value is met or exceeded Set T...

Page 460: ...ge Out of Range Increasing value or Decreasing value the first softkey in the I2S Bits Menu lets you select which value of the pair In the I2S Bits Menu press the Bit softkey and rotate the Entry knob...

Page 461: ...e Serial key to turn it on 4 If the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the acquired data See Also...

Page 462: ...characters Left channel data values appear in white along with the L characters Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space within frame boundaries P...

Page 463: ...a is highlighted in pink When this happens decrease the horizontal time div setting and run again Searching for I2S Data in the Lister The oscilloscope s search capability lets you search for and mark...

Page 464: ...n it equals the specified word Not Equal finds any word other than the specified word Less than finds when the channel s data word is less than the specified value Greater than finds when the channel...

Page 465: ...iggering and serial decode requires the NRZ license that you can get by purchasing the DSOXT3NRZ upgrade The Manchester NRZ triggering and decode solutions support generic Manchester or NRZ encoded se...

Page 466: ...level is used in decoding and will become the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the Manchester serial decode c Press the Baud softkey then enter the baud rate of the Manchester signal from...

Page 467: ...enter the number of words in the data field from 1 to 255 When the Trailer Size is set to 0 the auto option becomes available In auto mode any number of words can be supported d Press the Data Word Si...

Page 468: ...f the Manchester bus in terms of the bit width Framing is determined by idle time e Use the Decode Base softkey to select between hexadecimal unsigned decimal or ASCII display of the decoded data The...

Page 469: ...t order When Value is selected i Press the Bits softkey and set the number of bits in the serial data value from 4 bits to 128 bits The serial data value is displayed in the Value string in the wavefo...

Page 470: ...un Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the decoded data See Also Interpreting Manchester Decode on page 470 Interpreting Manchester List...

Page 471: ...n Word format no value is associated with the sync field The first value displayed on the decoded bus is associated with the header field if you select a header size 0 Otherwise the first value displa...

Page 472: ...efore the error is terminated with a blue closing angle bracket Because all data is assumed invalid following a Manchester Error the red error frame is drawn until a valid idle signal is detected In t...

Page 473: ...Press the Mode softkey then select the NRZ decode mode 4 Press the Signals softkey to open the NRZ Signals Menu In the NRZ Signals Menu a Press the Source softkey to select the channel connected to t...

Page 474: ...If the Word display format is selected a Press the Start Bits softkey and enter the number of starting bits from 0 to 255 bits b Press the Header Size softkey and enter the header size from 0 to 32 b...

Page 475: ...laying data in the serial decode waveform and in the Lister c Press the Idle State softkey and choose the idle state of the NRZ bus either Low or High d Press the Idle Bits softkey and enter the minim...

Page 476: ...e decoded value bit order is opposite of the trigger value bit order When Value is selected i Press the Bits softkey and set the number of bits in the serial data value from 4 bits to 128 bits The ser...

Page 477: ...erial key to turn it on 3 If the oscilloscope is stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the decoded data See Also Int...

Page 478: ...ode display shows a blue idle line until the start of frame at which point the start of frame angle bracket is drawn in blue In Word format the first value displayed on the decoded bus is associated w...

Page 479: ...t of frame occurs Each bit is displayed on the decoded bus time aligned with the corresponding NRZ signal Interpreting NRZ Lister Data In addition to the standard Time column the NRZ Lister contains t...

Page 480: ...480 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 30 Manchester NRZ Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 481: ...the DSOX3AERO upgrade The MIL STD 1553 triggering and decode solution supports bi phase MIL STD 1553 signaling by using dual threshold triggering The solution supports the standard 1553 Manchester II...

Page 482: ...ss the Auto Setup softkey which performs these actions Sets the probe attenuation factor of the input Source channel to 10 1 Sets upper and lower thresholds to a voltage value equal to 1 3 division ba...

Page 483: ...nd of a Data word Command Status Word Start triggers on the start of Command Status word at the end of a valid C S Sync pulse Command Status Word Stop triggers on the end of a Command Status word Remo...

Page 484: ...display the Serial Decode Menu 2 Use the Base softkey to select between hexadecimal and binary display of the decoded data The base setting is used for the display of the remote terminal address and t...

Page 485: ...ollows Command and Status decoded data is colored green with the Remote Terminal Address 5 bits of data being displayed first then the text C S followed by the value of the remaining 11 bits of a Comm...

Page 486: ...Command Status words nothing for Data words Word Type Cmd Status for Command Status words Data for Data words For Command Status words the background color is green to match the decode text color Data...

Page 487: ...nd of a valid C S Sync pulse Remote Terminal Address finds the Command Status word whose RTA matches the specified value The value is specified in hex When this option is selected the RTA softkey beco...

Page 488: ...e desired slot Serial 1 or Serial 2 and press the softkey again to enable decode 3 Press the Mode softkey then select ARINC 429 decode mode 4 Press the Signals softkey to open the ARINC 429 Signals Me...

Page 489: ...t correctly by Auto Setup Press the High Threshold softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the high trigger threshold voltage level Press the Low Threshold softkey then turn the Entry knob to set the...

Page 490: ...triggers on an inter word gap error Word or Gap Error triggers on either a Word or Gap Error All Errors triggers on any of the above errors All Bits Eye triggers on any bit which will therefore form...

Page 491: ...age 488 To set up ARINC 429 serial decode 1 Press Serial to display the Serial Decode Menu 2 In the submenu accessed by the Settings softkey you can use the Base softkey to select between hexadecimal...

Page 492: ...s stopped press the Run Stop key to acquire and decode data You can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the decoded data See Also Interpreting ARINC 429 Decode on page 493 ARINC 42...

Page 493: ...llow 8 bits displayed in octal SDI blue 2 bits displayed in binary Data white red if parity error 19 bits displayed in the selected Base SSM green 2 bits displayed in binary When the decode format is...

Page 494: ...NC 429 Word Format while the bits for those fields have the opposite transfer order on the wire ARINC 429 Totalizer The ARINC 429 totalizer measures the total ARINC 429 words and errors The totalizer...

Page 495: ...binary or hex depending on the base setting SSM the bit values if included in the word decode format Errors highlighted in red Errors can be Parity Word or Gap Aliased data is highlighted in pink When...

Page 496: ...finds the specified label value Label values are always displayed in octal Label Bits finds the label and the other word fields as specified Parity Error finds words with a parity error Word Error fi...

Page 497: ...ENSOR license Setup for SENT Signals To set up the oscilloscope to capture SENT signals 1 Connect an oscilloscope channel to the signal in the device under test Analog channels or digital channels can...

Page 498: ...ress the softkey again and use a keypad dialog to specify the nominal clock period tick time b Press the Tolerance softkey then turn the Entry knob or press the softkey again and use a keypad dialog t...

Page 499: ...s softkey to open the SENT Settings Menu a Press the Message Format softkey to select the message decode triggering format Fast Nibbles All displays the raw transmitted nibble values Fast Signals disp...

Page 500: ...line displays When Transfer Function is selected for message formats that include fast signals Fast Channel Signals display a calculated physical value based on the specified Multiplier and Offset und...

Page 501: ...nificant nibble MSN or least significant nibble LSN first e When the display mode setting is Transfer Function see the SENT Settings Menu press the Multiplier or Offset softkeys then turn the Entry kn...

Page 502: ...annel SC Data triggers on a Fast Channel Message when the Status Communication nibble and the data nibbles match the values entered using additional softkeys Slow Channel Message ID triggers when a Sl...

Page 503: ...bbles 5 If you choose the Slow Channel Message ID or Slow Channel Message ID Data trigger condition a Press the Configuration softkey to select the desired packet ID for the selected packet type When...

Page 504: ...can use the horizontal Zoom window for easier navigation of the acquired data NOTE If the setup does not produce a stable trigger the SENT signals may be slow enough that the oscilloscope is AutoTrigg...

Page 505: ...as follows Note that the Slow Channel has three different variants The colors noted below indicate the color of the text Fast Channel Status Communication S C Nibble green 4 bits 2 Application bits an...

Page 506: ...CRC blue when valid red when error detected 4 bits Slow Channel Enhanced Serial Message CRC blue when valid orange if end of message is off screen red when error detected 6 bits Message ID yellow 4 or...

Page 507: ...Each Fast or Slow Channel message is represented on its own row The start time of Slow Channel messages determines their order relative to the Fast Channel messages Therefore a Slow Channel message a...

Page 508: ...st Messages has a green background and the ID Lister field populated for Slow Messages has a yellow background Slow Channel CRC values that cannot be confirmed as valid or invalid due to data used in...

Page 509: ...IDs and Data that match the values entered using additional softkeys All CRC Errors finds any CRC error Fast or Slow Pulse Period Error finds where a nibble is either too wide or too narrow for exampl...

Page 510: ...510 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 32 SENT Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 511: ...quires the COMP license that you can get by purchasing the DSOX3COMP upgrade Setup for UART RS232 Signals To set up the oscilloscope to capture UART RS232 signals 1 Press Serial 2 Press the Serial sof...

Page 512: ...Bits Set the number of bits in the UART RS232 words to match your device under test selectable from 5 9 bits b Parity Choose odd even or none based on your device under test c Baud Press the Baud Rat...

Page 513: ...3 Press the Trigger Setup softkey to open the UART RS232 Trigger Setup Menu 4 Press the Base softkey to select Hex or ASCII as the base displayed on the Data softkey in the UART RS232 Trigger Setup M...

Page 514: ...ers on a parity error based on the parity you have set in the Bus Configuration Menu 6 If you choose a trigger condition that includes Data in its description for example Rx Data then press the Data i...

Page 515: ...d Valid ASCII characters are between 0x00 and 0x7F To display in ASCII you must select at least 7 bits in the Bus Configuration If ASCII is selected and the data exceeds 0x7F the data is displayed in...

Page 516: ...517 Interpreting UART RS232 Lister Data on page 518 Searching for UART RS232 Data in the Lister on page 518 Interpreting UART RS232 Decode Angled waveforms show an active bus inside a packet frame Mid...

Page 517: ...ocation of hidden data Expand the horizontal scale to allow the data to display An unknown undefined bus is shown in red A parity error will cause the associated data word to be shown in red which inc...

Page 518: ...se the horizontal time div setting and run again Searching for UART RS232 Data in the Lister The oscilloscope s search capability lets you search for and mark certain types of UART RS232 data in the L...

Page 519: ...bit Finds only when the 9th alert bit is 0 The specified data byte applies to the least significant 8 bits excludes the 9th alert bit Rx X Data For use when the DUT data words are 9 bits in length inc...

Page 520: ...520 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide 33 UART RS232 Triggering and Serial Decode...

Page 521: ...waveforms editing 305 arbitrary waveform generator output 302 arbitrary waveforms copying from other sources 311 arbitrary waveforms creating new 306 arbitrary waveforms editing existing 307 Area Ful...

Page 522: ...344 connections for frequency response analysis FRA 295 connectors rear panel 58 control remote 341 controls front panel 37 copyright 2 counter 291 Counter measurement 259 counter ARINC 429 words err...

Page 523: ...IN as Z axis input 70 EXT TRIG IN connector 59 external memory device 43 external trigger 213 external trigger input impedance 213 external trigger probe attenuation 214 external trigger probe units...

Page 524: ...18 high frequency noise rejection 211 high resolution mode 221 227 holdoff 212 hop frequency FSK modulation 318 Horiz key 40 63 68 71 224 Horizontal controls 40 67 horizontal Navigate key 40 horizonta...

Page 525: ...ick reset 358 measure Quick Measure All 358 measurement category definitions 376 measurement definitions 246 measurement record 326 measurement statistics 272 measurement thresholds 270 measurement tr...

Page 526: ...egree definitions 377 Portuguese front panel overlays 45 Portuguese user interface and Quick Help 62 position digital channels 139 position knob 139 position analog 81 positive pulse width measurement...

Page 527: ...ont Panel 363 screen saver 348 SDA 437 SDA I2C trigger 438 Search key 40 secure erase 334 segmented memory 229 segmented memory re arm time 231 segmented memory saving segments 325 segmented memory st...

Page 528: ...to 209 trigger indicator Trig d 209 trigger indicator Trig d 209 trigger level 170 trigger mode auto or normal 208 trigger mode Quick Trigger Mode 358 trigger output 350 trigger output mask test 279 3...

Page 529: ...key 42 44 waveform generator 301 waveform generator amplitude frequency response analysis 297 waveform generator defaults restoring 318 waveform generator expected output load 312 waveform generator...

Page 530: ...530 Keysight InfiniiVision 3000T X Series Oscilloscopes User s Guide Index Test Equipment Depot 800 517 8431 99 Washington Street Melrose MA 02176 TestEquipmentDepot com...

Search results

Summary of Contents for DSOX3012T

Reviews:

Related manuals for DSOX3012T

Brands by name

Popular brands

Keysight DSOX3012T, User Manual

Search results

Summary of Contents for DSOX3012T

Reviews:

Related manuals for DSOX3012T

Brands by name

Popular brands