Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNA
110
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 12
Y-parameters can be easily extended to describe circuits with more than two ports or
several modes of propagation.
5.3.5
Wave Quantities and Ratios
The elements of the S-, Z- and Y-matrices represent fixed ratios of complex wave
amplitudes. As long as the assumption of linearity holds, the S-, Z- and Y-parameters
are independent of the source power.
The network analyzer provides two additional sets of measurement parameters which
have an unambiguous meaning even if the DUT is measured outside its linear range:
●
Wave quantities
provide the power of any of the transmitted or received waves.
●
Ratios
provide the complex ratio of any combination of transmitted or received
wave quantities.
In contrast to S-, Z- and Y-parameters, wave quantities and ratios are not system-error
corrected.
To increase the accuracy or to correct a possible attenuation in the source signal path,
it is recommended to perform a power calibration (see
5.3.5.1
Wave Quantities
A wave quantity measurement provides the power of any of the transmitted or received
waves. The power can be displayed in voltage units (e.g. V or dBmV) or equivalent
power units (e.g. W or dBm).
Examples for using wave quantities
The wave quantities provide the power at the different receive ports of the analyzer.
This is different from an S-parameter measurement, where the absolute power of a lin-
ear device is canceled. Wave quantities are therefore suitable for the following mea-
surement tasks:
●
Analysis of nonlinearities of the DUT.
●
Use of the analyzer as a selective power meter.
To increase the accuracy or to correct a possible attenuation in the source signal
path, it is recommended to perform a power calibration (see
The notation for wave quantities is as follows:
●
"a
i
Src Port j" denotes the wave incoming at DUT port i, when DUT port j is stimula-
ted.
a
i
is detected at the reference receiver of the VNA port connected to DUT port i.
●
"b
i
Src Port j" denotes the wave outgoing at DUT port i, when DUT port j is stimula-
ted.
Measurement Results
