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ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘIJȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȠȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮİȡȓȠȣǼʌȚIJȡȑʌİȚIJȘȞ
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ĮȞʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİʌȚIJȡȑʌİȚIJȘȞʌȡȩıȕĮıȘıIJȘȞİʌȚȜȠȖȒȘʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒİʌȚIJȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
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ĮȞ ʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ įİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ İʌȚIJȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ
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ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ ǼȀȉǼȁǼȈȉǼ ȅȁǼȈ ȉǿȈ ǼȃǼȇīǼǿǼȈ ǼīȀǹȉǹȈȉǹȈǾȈ Ȁǹǿ
ȉǿȈ ǾȁǼȀȉȇǿȀǼȈ ȈȊȃǻǼȈǼǿȈ ȂǼ ȉǾ ȈȊīȀȅȁȁǾȉǿȀǾ ȂǾȋǹȃǾ ǹȆȅȁȊȉȍȈ
ȈǺǾȈȉǾȀǹǿǹȆȅȈȊȃǻǼǻǼȂǼȃǾǹȆȅȉȅǻǿȀȉȊȅȉȇȅĭȅǻȅȈǿǹȈ
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ȈȊȃǹȇȂȅȁȅīǾȈǾǼȚț'''DE
ǹʌȠıȣıțİȣȐıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ İțIJİȜȑıIJİ IJȘ ıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘ IJȦȞ
ȝİȝȠȞȦȝȑȞȦȞȝİȡȫȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘțĮȜȫįȚȠİʌȚıIJȡȠijȒȢȜĮȕȓįĮǼȚț(
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘțĮȜȫįȚȠıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢȜĮȕȓįĮȘȜİțIJȡȠįȓȠȣǼȚț)
ǼȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȌȂȃȂȩȞȠİțįȠȤȒȌȃĮȞĮijİȡșİȓIJİıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠȠįȘȖȚȫȞ
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ȉȅȆȅĬǼȉǾȈǾȉǾȈȈȊīȀȅȁȁǾȉǿȀǾȈȂǾȋǹȃǾȈ
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İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȢ ȚțĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ ʌȡȠȢ IJȠ ȕȐȡȠȢ ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠijİȣȤșȠȪȞ
ĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıȝĮIJĮȒİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞİȢȝİIJĮțȚȞȒıİȚȢ
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Ș ıȪȞįİıȘ IJȘȢ ıȣȖțȠȜȜȘIJȚțȒȢ ȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ ıIJĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ įȚĮİʌĮijȒȢ IJȠȣ įȚțIJȪȠȣ
IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞ ıȪȞșİIJȘ ĮȞIJȓıIJĮıȘ țĮIJȫIJİȡȘ Įʌȩ =PD[
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ǹȞıȣȞįİșİȓıİįȘȝȩıȚȠįȓțIJȣȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚİȣșȪȞȘIJȠȣIJİȤȞȓIJȘȒIJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘ
ȞĮ İʌĮȜȘșİȪıİȚ ȩIJȚ Ș ıȣıțİȣȒ ıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ıȣȞįİșİȓ ĮȞ ȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚ
ıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣIJİȓIJİIJȠijȠȡȑĮʌȠȣįȚĮȤİȚȡȓȗİIJĮȚIJȠįȚțIJȪȠ
ǺȪıȝĮțĮȚʌȡȓȗĮ
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ȈȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠȕȪıȝĮIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢıİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮįȚțIJȪȠȣİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİ
ĮıijȐȜİȚİȢȒĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȉȠİȚįȚțȩIJİȡȝĮIJȚțȩȖİȓȦıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮıȣȞįİșİȓıIJȠȞ
ĮȖȦȖȩȖİȓȦıȘȢțȓIJȡȚȞȠʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȢȖȡĮȝȝȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
(3~)
ȈȣȞįȑıIJİıIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȑȞĮțĮȞȠȞȚțȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȕȪıȝĮȆīțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȢ
ȚțĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȢțĮȚʌȡȠįȚĮșȑıIJİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮįȚțIJȪȠȣİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİĮıijȐȜİȚİȢȒĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠ
įȚĮțȩʌIJȘ ȉȠ İȚįȚțȩ IJİȡȝĮIJȚțȩ ȖİȓȦıȘȢ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ıȣȞįİșİȓ ıIJȠȞ ĮȖȦȖȩ ȖİȓȦıȘȢ
țȓIJȡȚȞȠʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȢȖȡĮȝȝȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȅʌȓȞĮțĮȢ
Ȇǿȃ
ĮȞĮȖȡȐijİȚIJȚȢıȣȞȚıIJȫȝİȞİȢIJȚȝȑȢıİDPSHUHIJȦȞțĮșȣıIJİȡȘȝȑȞȦȞ
ĮıijĮȜİȚȫȞ ȖȡĮȝȝȒȢ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȦȞ ȕȐıİȚ IJȠȣ ȝȑȖȚıIJȠȣ ȠȞȠȝĮıIJȚțȠȪ ȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ ʌȠȣ
ʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢțĮȚIJȘȢȠȞȠȝĮıIJȚțȒȢIJȐıȘȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ Ǿ ȝȘ IJȒȡȘıȘ IJȦȞ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ țĮȞȩȞȦȞ țĮșȚıIJȐ
ĮȞĮʌȠIJİȜĮıȝĮIJȚțȩ IJȠ ıȪıIJȘȝĮ ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒțĮIJȘȖȠȡȓĮ,ȝİİʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠȣȢıȠȕĮȡȠȪȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢȖȚĮȐIJȠȝĮ
ʌȤȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮțĮȚĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮʌȤʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐ
ȈȊȃǻǼȈǼǿȈȀȊȀȁȍȂǹȉȅȈȈȊīȀȅȁȁǾȈǾȈ
ȈȣıIJȐıİȚȢ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋdz Ȇȇǿȃ ǼȀȉǼȁǼȈǼȉǼ ȉǿȈ ǹȀȅȁȅȊĬǼȈ ȈȊȃǻǼȈǼǿȈ
ǺǼǺǹǿȍĬǼǿȉǼ ȅȉǿ Ǿ ȈȊȈȀǼȊǾ ȈȊīȀȅȁȁǾȈǾȈ Ǽǿȃǹǿ ȈǺǾȈȉǾ Ȁǹǿ
ǹȆȅȈȊȃǻǼǻǼȂǼȃǾǹȆȅȉȅǻǿȀȉȊȅȉȇȅĭȅǻȅȈǿǹȈ
ȅȆȓȞĮțĮȢȆǿȃĮȞĮijȑȡİȚIJȚȢıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣȩȝİȞİȢIJȚȝȑȢȖȚĮIJĮțĮȜȫįȚĮıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ
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ȕȐıİȚIJȠȣȝȑȖȚıIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ
ǼʌȓıȘȢ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİ ȝȑȤȡȚ IJȑȡȝĮ IJȠȣȢ ıȣȞįȑıȝȠȣȢ IJȦȞ țĮȜȦįȓȦȞ ıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ ıIJȚȢ
IJĮȤȪʌȡȚȗİȢĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȫıIJİȞĮİȖȖȣȘșİȓIJȑȜİȚĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒİʌĮijȒȈİĮȞIJȓșİIJȘ
ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ șĮ ʌĮȡĮȤșȠȪȞ ȣʌİȡșİȡȝȐȞıİȚȢ ıIJȠȣȢ ıȣȞįȑıȝȠȣȢ ȝİ İʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȘ
ȖȡȒȖȠȡȘijșȠȡȐIJȠȣȢțĮȚĮʌȫȜİȚĮĮʌȠįȠIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȜȫįȚĮıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢȩıȠIJȠįȣȞĮIJȩȞȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȠȣȝȒțȠȢ
ǹʌȠijİȪȖİIJİ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȑȢ țĮIJĮıțİȣȑȢ ʌȠȣ įİȞ ĮȞȒțȠȣȞ ıIJȠ
ȣȜȚțȩȣʌȩțĮIJİȡȖĮıȓĮıİĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣİʌȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢǹȣIJȩșĮȝʌȠȡȠȪıİȞĮİȓȞĮȚİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮțĮȚȞĮįȫıİȚ
ȝȘȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȘIJȚțȐĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȝĮIJĮıIJȘıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘ
ȈȊȃǻǼȈǼǿȈȉȅȊȀȊȀȁȍȂǹȉȅȈȈȊīȀȅȁȁǾȈǾȈȈǼȉȇȅȆȅȂ,*0$*
ȈȪȞįİıȘıIJȘijȚȐȜȘĮİȡȓȠȣĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ
ĭȚȐȜȘĮİȡȓȠȣʌȠȣijȠȡIJȫȞİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢIJȠȣțĮȡȠIJıȚȠȪPD[.J
ǺȚįȫıIJİ IJȠ ȝİȚȦIJȒȡĮ ʌȓİıȘȢ ıIJȘ ȕĮȜȕȓįĮ IJȘȢ ijȚȐȜȘȢ ĮİȡȓȠȣ IJȠʌȠșİIJȫȞIJĮȢ
ĮȞȐȝİıĮ IJȘȞ İȚįȚțȒ ʌȡȠıĮȡȝȠȖȒ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ ȦȢ İȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ ȩIJĮȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȑȡȚȠǹȡȖȩȒȝȓȖȝĮ$U&2
2
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ȈȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮİȚıȩįȠȣIJȠȣĮİȡȓȠȣıIJȠȝİȚȦIJȒȡĮțĮȚıijĮȜȓıIJİIJȘȜȦȡȓįĮ
ȋĮȜĮȡȫıIJİIJȠįĮțIJȪȜȚȠȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȝİȚȦIJȒȡĮʌȓİıȘȢʌȡȚȞĮȞȠȓȟİIJİIJȘȕĮȜȕȓįĮIJȘȢ
ijȚȐȜȘȢ
ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȠȡĮıIJİȓȟİȤȦȡȚıIJȐĮȞįİȞʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ
ȈȪȞįİıȘțĮȜȦįȓȠȣİʌȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢ
ȆȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ıȣȞįİșİȓ ıIJȠ ȣȜȚțȩ ȣʌȩ țĮIJİȡȖĮıȓĮ Ȓ ıIJȠ ȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩ ʌȐȖțȠ ȩʌȠȣ ĮȣIJȩ
ĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚȩıȠȞIJȠįȣȞĮIJȩȞʌȚȠțȠȞIJȐıIJȘıȪȞįİıȘȣʌȩİțIJȑȜİıȘ
ȁȐȝʌĮǼȚț%
ǼȖțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİ IJȘ ȜȐȝʌĮ % ıIJȠȞ İȚįȚțȩ IJȘȢ ıȪȞįİıȝȠ % ıijĮȜȓȗȠȞIJĮȢ
ȤİȚȡȦȞĮțIJȚțȐȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįĮțIJȪȜȚȠıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢȆȡȠİIJȠȚȝȐıIJİIJȘȞȖȚĮIJȘȞʌȡȫIJȘ
ijȩȡIJȦıȘıȪȡȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȫȞIJĮȢIJȠıIJȩȝȚȠțĮȚIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚİʌĮijȒȢȖȚĮȞĮ
įȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİIJİIJȘȞȑȟȠįȠ
ȈȣȞįȑıIJİIJȚȢİȟȦIJİȡȚțȑȢıȦȜȘȞȫıİȚȢȥȪȟȘȢıIJȚȢıȤİIJȚțȑȢıȣȞįȑıİȚȢʌȡȠıȑȤȠȞIJĮȢIJȚȢ
İȞįİȓȟİȚȢʌȠȣĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ
ȆǹȇȅȋǾȊīȇȅȊȀȡȪȠ±ȝʌȜİıȪȞįİıȘ
ǼȆǿȈȉȇȅĭǾȊīȇȅȊǽİıIJȩ±țȩțțȚȞȘıȪȞįİıȘ
6SRROJXQȝȩȞȠİțįȠȤȒȝȠȞȒȜȐȝʌĮǼȚț%
ǼȖțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİ IJȠ VSRRO JXQ % ıIJȠȞ İȚįȚțȩ IJȠȣ ıȪȞįİıȝȠ % ıijĮȜȓȗȠȞIJĮȢ
ȤİȚȡȦȞĮțIJȚțȐȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįĮțIJȪȜȚȠıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢǼȚıȐȖİIJİİʌȓıȘȢIJȠıȪȞįİıȝȠ
IJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣİȜȑȖȤȠȣıIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ%ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘȢĮȞĮȖȞȦȡȓȗİȚ
ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮIJȠVSRROJXQ
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