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Section 4

1MAC050144-MB C

Protection functions

338

615 series ANSI

Technical Manual

Figure 161:

Functional module diagram. I_x1 and I_x2 represent the phase currents

of winding 1 and winding 2

Differential calculation

87T operates phase-wise on a difference of incoming and outgoing currents. The positive
direction of the currents is towards the protected object.

Summary of Contents for 615 Series ANSI

Page 1: ...Relion Protection and Control 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 2: ......

Page 4: ...losed only in accordance with the terms of such license Trademarks ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of ABB Group All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Warranty Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative ABB Inc Distribution Automation 4300 Coral Ridge Drive Cora...

Page 5: ...product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons including but not limited to personal injuries or death shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity applying the equipment and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be compl...

Page 6: ...r use within specified voltage limits Low voltage directive 2006 95 EC This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standards EN 50263 and EN 60255 26 for the EMC directive and with the product standards EN 60255 6 and EN 60255 27 for the low voltage directive The IED is designed in accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series and AN...

Page 7: ...w 33 Product series version history 33 PCM600 and IED connectivity package version 33 Local HMI 34 LCD 34 LEDs 35 Keypad 35 Web HMI 36 Authorization 37 Communication 38 Section 3 Basic functions 39 General parameters 39 Self supervision 56 Internal faults 56 Warnings 58 LED indication control 60 Time synchronization 60 Parameter setting groups 61 Function block 61 Functionality 61 Fault records 63...

Page 8: ...TD mA card variants 78 6RTD 2mA card 78 2RTD 1mA card 80 Signals 82 Settings 82 Monitored data 83 GOOSE function blocks 84 GOOSERCV_BIN function block 85 Function block 85 Functionality 85 Signals 85 GOOSERCV_DP function block 85 Function block 85 Functionality 86 Signals 86 GOOSERCV_MV function block 86 Function block 86 Functionality 86 Signals 86 GOOSERCV_INT8 function block 87 Function block 8...

Page 9: ...nctionality 91 Signals 91 T_F32_INT8 function block 92 Functionality 92 Function block 92 Settings 92 Configurable logic blocks 92 Standard configurable logic blocks 92 OR function block 92 AND function block 93 XOR function block 94 NOT function block 94 MAX3 function block 95 MIN3 function block 95 R_TRIG function block 95 F_TRIG function block 96 T_POS_XX function blocks 96 Minimum pulse timer ...

Page 10: ... Identification 109 Function block 109 Functionality 109 Operation principle 109 Measurement modes 112 Timer characteristics 113 Application 114 Signals 119 Settings 120 Monitored data 122 Technical data 123 Technical revision history 124 Three phase non directional long time overcurrent protection 51LT124 Identification 124 Function block 124 Functionality 124 Operation principle 125 Timer charac...

Page 11: ...s 156 Application 158 Signals 158 Settings 159 Monitored data 161 Technical data 162 Technical revision history 162 Sensitive ground fault protection 50SEF 163 Identification 163 Function block 163 Functionality 163 Operation principle 163 Measurement modes 163 Timer characteristics 163 Application 163 Signals 163 Settings 164 Monitored data 164 Technical data 164 Directional ground fault protecti...

Page 12: ...ta 198 Technical revision history 199 Phase discontinuity protection 46PD 199 Identification 199 Function block 199 Functionality 199 Operation principle 199 Application 201 Signals 202 Settings 203 Monitored data 203 Technical data 203 Negative sequence overcurrent protection for motors 46M 204 Identification 204 Function block 204 Functionality 204 Operation principle 204 Timer characteristics 2...

Page 13: ...hnical data 216 Motor stall protection 51LR 216 Identification 216 Function block 216 Functionality 216 Operation principle 217 Application 217 Signals 218 Settings 218 Monitored data 218 Technical data 219 Loss of Phase 37 219 Identification 219 Function block 219 Functionality 219 Operation Principle 220 Signals 222 Settings 222 Monitored data 223 Voltage protection 223 Three phase overvoltage p...

Page 14: ...ual overvoltage protection 59G 59N 237 Identification 237 Function block 237 Functionality 237 Operation principle 238 Application 239 Signals 239 Settings 240 Monitored data 240 Negative sequence overvoltage protection 47 241 Identification 241 Function block 241 Functionality 241 Operation principle 241 Application 242 Signals 243 Settings 243 Monitored data 243 Technical data 244 Positive seque...

Page 15: ...otection 81O 81U 81R 262 Identification 262 Function block 262 Functionality 262 Operation principle 262 Application 265 Signals 266 Settings 267 Monitored Data 268 Technical data 268 Load shedding and restoration 81LSH 268 Identification 268 Function block 269 Functionality 269 Operation principle 269 Application 274 Signals 278 Settings 279 Monitored data 279 Technical data 279 Power protection ...

Page 16: ...293 Identification 293 Function block 293 Functionality 293 Operation principle 293 Application 296 Signals 297 Settings 297 Monitored data 298 Technical data 298 Three phase thermal overload protection for power transformers two time constants 49T 298 Identification 298 Function block 299 Functionality 299 Operation principle 299 Application 302 Signals 304 Settings 304 Monitored data 305 Technic...

Page 17: ...or 2W transformers 87T 337 Identification 337 Function block 337 Functionality 337 Operation principle 337 Application 351 Signals 367 Settings 368 Monitored data 370 Technical data 372 Low impedance restricted ground fault protection 87L0ZREF 372 Identification 372 Function block 373 Functionality 373 Operation principle 373 Application 376 Signals 380 Settings 380 Monitored data 381 Technical da...

Page 18: ... 94 395 Identification 395 Function block 395 Functionality 395 Operation principle 395 Application 396 Signals 398 Settings 398 Monitored data 398 High impedance fault detector HIZ 398 Identification 398 Function block symbol 399 Functionality 399 Operation principle 399 Application 401 Signals 402 Settings 402 Monitored data 402 Arc protection AFD 402 Identification 402 Function block 403 Functi...

Page 19: ... functions 415 Circuit breaker condition monitoring 52CM 415 Identification 415 Function block 415 Functionality 415 Operation principle 415 Circuit breaker status 417 Circuit breaker operation monitoring 418 Breaker contact travel time 419 Operation counter 420 Accumulation of Iy t 421 Remaining life of the circuit breaker 422 Circuit breaker spring charged indication 423 Gas pressure supervision...

Page 20: ...ansformers MCS 3I I2 447 Identification 447 Function block 448 Functionality 448 Operation principle 448 No load detection 449 CT failure detection 449 Internal blocking 450 Application 450 Signals 452 Settings 452 Monitored data 453 Fuse failure supervision 60 453 Identification 453 Function block 453 Functionality 453 Operation principle 454 Application 456 Signals 458 Settings 458 Monitored dat...

Page 21: ...unctionality 475 Operation principle 475 Application 476 Signals 477 Settings 477 Monitored data 477 Technical data 477 Section 7 Control functions 479 Circuit breaker control 52 479 Identification 479 Function block 479 Functionality 479 Operation principle 479 Application 482 Signals 483 Settings 484 Monitored data 484 Technical revision history 484 Auto reclosing 79 485 Identification 485 Funct...

Page 22: ...protection pickup signal 509 Fast trip in Switch on to fault 510 Signals 511 Settings 512 Monitored data 515 Technical data 516 Synchronism and energizing check 25 516 Identification 516 Function block 516 Functionality 516 Operation principle 517 Application 524 Signals 526 Settings 528 Monitored data 529 Technical data 530 Emergency startup 62EST 530 Identification 530 Function block symbol 530 ...

Page 23: ...n 548 Function block 548 Signals 548 Settings 549 Monitored data 550 Technical data 550 Residual current measurement IG 550 Identification 550 Function block 551 Signals 551 Settings 551 Monitored data 552 Technical data 552 Three phase voltage measurement VA VB VC 552 Identification 552 Function block 553 Signals 553 Settings 554 Monitored data 555 Technical data 555 Sequence voltage measurement ...

Page 24: ...ignals 564 Settings 565 Monitored data 565 Technical data 568 Current total demand distortion PQI 568 Identification 568 Function block 568 Functionality 568 Operation principle 568 Distortion measurement 569 Demand calculation 569 Application 569 Signals 570 Settings 571 Monitored data 571 Voltage total harmonic distortion PQVPH 572 Identification 572 Function Block 572 Functionality 572 Operatio...

Page 25: ...n 592 Function block 593 Signals 593 Settings 593 Monitored data 593 Tap change position indication 84T 594 Identification 594 Function block 594 Functionality 594 Operation principle 594 Application 597 Signals 597 Settings 597 Monitored data 598 Technical data 598 Section 9 Recording functions 599 Disturbance recorder DFR 599 Functionality 599 Recorded analog inputs 599 Triggering alternatives 5...

Page 26: ...615 Minimum pulse timer 2pcs TP 615 Mimimum pulse timer 2pcs second minute resolution 62CLD 615 Pulse timer 8pcs PT 615 Function block 615 Functionality 615 Signals 616 Settings 617 Technical data 617 Time delay off timers TOF 618 Function block 618 Functionality 618 Signals 619 Settings 620 Technical data 620 Time delay on timers TON 621 Function block 621 Functionality 621 Signals 622 Settings 6...

Page 27: ...racteristics for overvoltage protection 669 IDMT curve saturation of overvoltage protection 670 IDMT curves for undervoltage protection 670 Standard inverse time characteristics for undervoltage protection 671 User programmable inverse time characteristics for undervoltage protection 674 IDMT curve saturation of undervoltage protection 674 Measurement modes 674 Section 12 IED physical connections ...

Page 28: ...tion 1MAC050144 MB C 21 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Section 13 Technical data 691 Section 14 IED and Functionality tests 697 Section 15 Applicable standards and regulations 699 Section 16 Glossary 701 ...

Page 29: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 615 series ANSI 22 Technical Manual ...

Page 30: ...during the engineering phase installation and commissioning phase and during normal service 1 2 Intended audience This manual addresses system engineers and installation and commissioning personnel who use technical data during engineering installation and commissioning and in normal service The system engineer must have a thorough knowledge of protection systems protection equipment protection fu...

Page 31: ...eration manual contains instructions on how to operate the IED once it has been commissioned The manual provides instructions for monitoring controlling and setting the IED The manual also describes how to identify disturbances and how to view calculated and measured power grid data to determine the cause of a fault The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines so...

Page 32: ... from the ABB web site http www abb com substationautomation 1 4 Symbols and conventions 1 4 1 Safety indication symbols Document revision date Product series version History A 01 20 2010 2 0 First release B 12 31 2010 4 0 Content updated to correspond to the product series version C 07 31 2011 4 0 Content Updated Download the latest documents from the ABB web site http www abb com substationautom...

Page 33: ...by using the push button icons for example To navigate between the options use and HMI menu paths are presented in bold for example Select Main menu Settings LHMI messages are shown in Courier font for example To save the changes in non volatile memory select Yes and press Parameter names are shown in italics for example The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting Parameter...

Page 34: ...hree phase non directional long time overcurrent protection low stage instance 1 PHLTPTOC1 3I 3 51LT Three phase directional overcurrent protection low stage instance 1 DPHLPDOC1 3I 1 67 51P 67 51P 2 Three phase directional overcurrent protection low stage instance 2 DPHLPDOC2 3I 2 67 51P 1 Three phase directional overcurrent protection high stage instance 1 DPHHPDOC1 3I 1 67 50P 1 Three phase dir...

Page 35: ...ercurrent protection instance 2 NSPTOC2 I2 2 46 2 46 2 Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC1 I2 I1 46PD Residual overvoltage protection instance 1 ROVPTOV1 Uo 1 59G 59G 59G 2 Residual overvoltage protection instance 2 ROVPTOV2 Uo 2 59N 1 59N 59N 2 Residual overvoltage protection instance 3 ROVPTOV3 Uo 3 59N 2 59N 1 Residual overvoltage protection instance 4 ROVPTOV4 Uo 4 59G 1 Three phase under...

Page 36: ...SU1 Is2t n 66 51LRS Phase reversal protection PREVPTOC1 I2 46R Thermal overload protection for motors MPTTR1 3Ith M 49M Motor differential protection MPDIF1 3dl M 87M Stabilized and instantaneous differential protection for 2W transformers TR2PTDF1 3dI T 87T Numerical stabilized low impedance restricted ground fault protection LREFPNDF1 dIoLo 87LOZREF 87LOZREF 2 Circuit breaker failure protection ...

Page 37: ...enu resetting the value via the clear menu from WHMI or LHMI under the Clear CB wear values menu Circuit breaker condition monitoring instance 1 SSCBR1 CBCM 1 52CM 1 52CM 52CM 1 Circuit breaker condition monitoring instance 2 SSCBR2 CBCM 2 52CM 2 52CM 2 Trip circuit supervision instance 1 TCSSCBR1 TCS 1 TCM 1 TCM 1 TCM 1 Trip circuit supervision instance 2 TCSSCBR2 TCS 2 TCM 2 TCM 2 TCM 2 Current ...

Page 38: ... E P E 1 P E P E 1 Three phase power and energy measurement instance 2 PEMMXU2 P E B P E 2 P E 2 Current total demand distortion instance 1 CMHAI1 PQM3I PQI 1 Current total demand distortion instance 2 CMHAI2 PQM3I B PQI 2 Voltage total harmonic distortion instance 1 VMHAI1 PQM3U PQVPH 1 Voltage total harmonic distortion instance 2 VMHAI2 PQM3U B PQVPH 2 Voltage variation instance 1 PHQVVR1 PQ 3U ...

Page 39: ...nce 2 TOFGAPC2 TOF 2 TOF 2 TOF 2 TOF 2 Time delay on 8 pcs instance 1 TONGAPC1 TON 1 TON 1 TON 1 TON 1 Time delay on 8 pcs instance 2 TONGAPC2 TON 2 TON 2 TON 2 TON 2 Set reset 8 pcs instance 1 SRGAPC1 SR 1 SR 1 SR 1 SR 1 Set reset 8 pcs instance 2 SRGAPC2 SR 2 SR 2 SR 2 SR 2 Move 8 pcs instance 1 MVGAPC1 MV 1 MV 1 MV 1 MV 1 Move 8 pcs instance 2 MVGAPC2 MV 2 MV 2 MV 2 MV 2 Logging functions Distu...

Page 40: ...dware for example autoreclosure and additional I Os The 615 series IEDs support a range of communication protocols including IEC 61850 with GOOSE messaging Modbus and DNP3 2 1 1 Product series version history 2 1 2 PCM600 and IED connectivity package version Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 Ver 2 3 plus PCM600 Rollup 20110126 2 3 or later IED Connectivity Package REF615 ANSI Ver 4 0 or la...

Page 41: ...gure 2 LHMI The LHMI of the IED contains the following elements Display Buttons LED indicators Communication port The LHMI is used for setting monitoring and controlling 2 2 1 LCD The LHMI includes a graphical LCD that supports one character sizes The character size depends on the selected language ...

Page 42: ...ion mode can be selected with the LHMI WHMI or PCM600 There are two additional LEDs which are embedded into the control buttons and They represent the status of the circuit breaker 2 2 3 Keypad The LHMI keypad contains push buttons which are used to navigate in different views or menus With the push buttons you can give open or close commands to one primary object for example a circuit breaker dis...

Page 43: ...HMI enables the user to access the IED via a web browser The supported web browser version is Internet Explorer 7 0 or Internet Explorer 8 0 WHMI offers several functions Alarm indications and event lists System supervision Parameter settings Measurement display Oscillographic records Phasor diagram The menu tree structure on the WHMI is almost identical to the one on the LHMI WHMI is enabled by d...

Page 44: ... by connecting your laptop to the IED via the front communication port Remotely over LAN WAN 2 4 Authorization The user categories have been predefined for the LHMI and the WHMI each with different rights and default passwords The default passwords can be changed with Administrator user rights User authorization is disabled by default but WHMI always uses authorization ...

Page 45: ... IED supports sending and receiving of analog values using GOOSE messaging The IED meets the GOOSE performance requirements for tripping applications in distribution substations as defined by the IEC 61850 standard The IED can simultaneously report events to five different clients on the station bus All communication connectors except for the front port connector are placed on integrated optional ...

Page 46: ...de corr B 0 900 1 100 0 001 1 000 Phase B amplitude correction factor Amplitude corr C 0 900 1 100 0 001 1 000 Phase C amplitude correction factor Nominal Current 39 4000 A 1 1300 Network Nominal Current ln Rated Secondary Value 1 000 50 000 mV Hz 0 001 3 000 Rated Secondary Value RSV ratio Reverse polarity 0 False 1 True 0 False Reverse the polarity of the phase CTs Parameter Values Range Unit St...

Page 47: ... ratio Table continues on next page Voltage input type 1 Voltage trafo 3 CVD sensor 1 Voltage trafo Type of the voltage input Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Secondary voltage 60 210 V 1 100 Secondary voltage Primary voltage 0 001 440 000 kV 0 001 11 547 Primary voltage Amplitude corr 0 900 1 100 0 001 1 000 Amplitude correction Name Type Default Description Programmable LED 1...

Page 48: ...on Alarm mode 0 Follow S 1 Follow F 2 Latched S 3 LatchedAck F S 0 Follow S Alarm mode for programmable LED 5 Description Programmable LED 5 Programmable LED description Alarm mode 0 Follow S 1 Follow F 2 Latched S 3 LatchedAck F S 0 Follow S Alarm mode for programmable LED 6 Description Programmable LED 6 Programmable LED description Alarm mode 0 Follow S 1 Follow F 2 Latched S 3 LatchedAck F S 0...

Page 49: ...inistrator 0 Set password Remote viewer 0 Set password Remote operator 0 Set password Remote engineer 0 Set password Remote administrator 0 Set password 1 Authorization override is disabled LHMI password must be entered 2 Authorization override is enabled LHMI password is not asked 3 Authorization override is disabled communication tools ask password to enter the IED 4 Authorization override is en...

Page 50: ...k for rear port s Default gateway 192 168 2 1 Default gateway for rear port s Mac address XX XX XX XX XX XX Mac address for rear port s Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Rated frequency 1 50Hz 2 60Hz 2 60Hz Rated frequency of the network Phase rotation 1 ABC 2 ACB 1 ABC Phase rotation order Blocking mode 1 Freeze timer 2 Block all 3 Block OPERATE output 1 Freeze timer Behaviour ...

Page 51: ...ocal time offset 720 720 min 0 Local time offset in minutes Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description FB naming convention 1 IEC61850 2 IEC60617 4 ANSI 4 ANSI FB naming convention used in IED Default view 1 Measurements 2 Main menu 3 SLD 1 Measurements LHMI default view Backlight timeout 1 60 min 1 60 min LHMI backlight timeout Web HMI mode 1 Active read only 2 Active 3 Disabled 2 Activ...

Page 52: ...ard frame 2 3 Standard frame 3 4 Standard frame 4 5 Standard frame 5 6 Private frame 6 7 Private frame 7 6 Private frame 6 Active Class2 Frame 1 for instance 1 Frame2InUse 1 1 Not in use 0 User frame 1 Standard frame 1 2 Standard frame 2 3 Standard frame 3 4 Standard frame 4 5 Standard frame 5 6 Private frame 6 7 Private frame 7 1 Not in use Active Class2 Frame 2 for instance 1 Frame3InUse 1 1 Not...

Page 53: ...0 Function type for User Class 2 Frame for instance 2 UsrInfNo 2 0 255 230 Information Number for User Class2 Frame for instance 2 Class1Priority 2 0 Ev High 1 Ev DR Equal 2 DR High 0 Ev High Class 1 data sending priority relationship between Events and Disturbance Recorder data Frame1InUse 2 1 Not in use 0 User frame 1 Standard frame 1 2 Standard frame 2 3 Standard frame 3 4 Standard frame 4 5 St...

Page 54: ...ance 2 Class1OvInfNo 2 0 255 255 Information Number for Class 1 overflow indication for instance 2 Class1OvBackOff 2 0 500 500 Backoff Range for Class1 buffer for instance 2 GI Optimize 2 0 Standard behaviour 1 Skip spontaneous 2 Only overflown 3 Combined 0 Standard behaviour Optimize GI traffic for instance 2 DR Notification 2 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Disturbance Recorder spontaneous indic...

Page 55: ...l interface 2 Address 2 1 255 2 Modbus unit address on Serial interface 2 Link mode 2 1 RTU 2 ASCII 1 RTU Modbus link mode on Serial interface 2 Start delay 2 0 20 4 Start frame delay in chars on Serial interface 2 End delay 2 0 20 3 End frame delay in chars on Serial interface 2 MaxTCPClients 0 5 5 Maximum number of Modbus TCP IP clients TCPWriteAuthority 0 No clients 1 Reg clients 2 All clients ...

Page 56: ...t 1 65535 sec 1 10 Control Relay Output Block select timeout Data link confirm 0 Never 1 Only Multiframe 2 Always 0 Never Data link confirm mode Data link confirm TO 100 65535 ms 1 3000 Data link confirm timeout Data link retries 0 65535 1 3 Data link retries count Data link Rx to Tx delay 0 255 ms 1 0 Turnaround transmission delay Data link inter char delay 0 20 char 1 4 Inter character delay for...

Page 57: ...for COM1 CTS delay 0 60000 0 CTS delay for COM1 RTS delay 0 60000 0 RTS delay for COM1 Baudrate 1 300 2 600 3 1200 4 2400 5 4800 6 9600 7 19200 8 38400 9 57600 10 115200 6 9600 Baudrate for COM1 Parity 0 None 1 old 2 even 2 even Parity for COM1 If this protocol does not operate as expected check that another serial protocol is not using the same COM port DNP 3 0 protocol ignores any parity setting...

Page 58: ...Fiber mode 0 No fiber 2 Fiber optic 0 No fiber Fiber mode for COM2 Serial mode 1 RS485 2Wire 2 RS485 4Wire 3 RS232 no handshake 4 RS232 with handshake 1 RS485 2Wire Serial mode for COM2 CTS delay 0 60000 0 CTS delay for COM2 RTS delay 0 60000 0 RTS delay for COM2 Baudrate 1 300 2 600 3 1200 4 2400 5 4800 6 9600 7 19200 8 38400 9 57600 10 115200 6 9600 Baudrate for COM2 ...

Page 59: ...ferential 9 DNP 17 IEC60870 5 10 1 SNTP Time synchronization source IP SNTP primary 10 58 125 165 IP address for SNTP primary server IP SNTP secondary 192 168 2 165 IP address for SNTP secondary server DST on time 02 00 Daylight savings time on time hh mm DST on date 01 05 Daylight savings time on date dd mm DST on day 0 No in use 1 Mon 2 Tue 3 Wed 4 Thu 5 Fri 6 Sat 7 Sun 0 Not in use Daylight sav...

Page 60: ...0 False Connectors 15 17 18 19 X100 PO4 BOOLEAN 0 False Connectors 20 22 23 24 Name Type Default Description X110 SO1 BOOLEAN 0 False Connectors 14c 15no 16nc X110 SO2 BOOLEAN 0 False Connectors 17c 18no 19nc X110 SO3 BOOLEAN 0 False Connectors 20c 21no 22nc X110 SO4 BOOLEAN 0 False Connectors 23 24 Name Type Description X110 Input 1 BOOLEAN Connectors 1 2 X110 Input 2 BOOLEAN Connectors 3 4 X110 ...

Page 61: ... 1 True 0 False Connectors 5 6c Input 4 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 7 6c Input 5 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 8 9c Input 6 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 10 9c Input 7 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 11 12c Input 8 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 13 12c Name Type Description X120 Input 1 BOOLEAN Connectors 1 2c X120 Input 2 BOOLEA...

Page 62: ...Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Input 1 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 1 2c Input 2 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 3 2c Input 3 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 4 5c Input 4 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 6 5c Input 5 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 7 8c Input 6 filter time 5 1000 ms 5 Connectors 9 8c Input 1 inversion 0 False 1 True 0 False Connectors 1 2c In...

Page 63: ...minate the fault by restarting After the fault is found to be permanent the IED stays in internal fault mode All other output contacts are released and locked for the internal fault The IED continues to perform internal tests during the fault situation If an internal fault disappears the green Normal LED stops flashing and the IED returns to the normal service state The fault indication message re...

Page 64: ... 8 Internal fault test activated manually by the user Internal Fault SW watchdog error 10 Watchdog reset has occurred too many times within an hour Internal Fault SO relay s X100 43 Faulty Signal Output relay s in card located in slot X100 Internal Fault SO relay s X110 44 Faulty Signal Output relay s in card located in slot X110 Internal Fault PO relay s X120 45 Faulty Signal Output relay s in ca...

Page 65: ...al composition Internal Fault Conf error X120 65 Card in slot X120 is wrong type is missing or does not belong to the original composition nternal Fault Conf error X130 66 Card in slot X130 is wrong type is missing or does not belong to the original composition Internal Fault Card error X000 72 Card in slot X000 is faulty Internal Fault Card error X100 73 Card in slot X100 is faulty Internal Fault...

Page 66: ...nfig error 27 Error in the SCL configuration file or the file is missing Warning Logic error 28 Too many connections in the configuration Warning SMT logic error 29 Error in the SMT connections Warning GOOSE input error 30 Error in the GOOSE connections Warning GOOSE Rx error 32 Error in the GOOSE message receiving Warning AFL error 33 Analog channel configuration error Warning Unack card comp 40 ...

Page 67: ...ing events recorded data and disturbance recordings The IED is provided with a 48 hour capacitor back up that enables the real time clock to keep time in case of an auxiliary power failure Setting Synch Source determines the method how the real time clock is synchronized If set to None the clock is free running and the settings Date and Time can be used to set the time manually Other setting value...

Page 68: ...ation time can be either UTC time or local time As no reboot is necessary the time synchronization starts immediately after the IRIG B sync source is selected and the IRIG B signal source is connected ABB has tested the IRIG B with the following clock masters Tekron TTM01 GPS clock with IRIG B output Meinberg TCG511 controlled by GPS167 Datum ET6000L Arbiter Systems 1088B 3 5 Parameter setting gro...

Page 69: ...h the setting Settings Setting group Active group Logic mode 1 Setting group can be changed with binary inputs SG_1_ACT SG_6_ACT The highest TRUE binary input defines the active setting group Logic mode 2 Setting group can be changed with binary inputs where BI_SG_4 is used for selecting setting groups 1 3 or 4 6 When binary input BI_SG_4 is FALSE setting groups 1 3 are selected with binary inputs...

Page 70: ...ction function The Fault recorded data trip time shows the time of the actual fault period The fault related current voltage frequency angle values shot pointer and the active setting group number are taken from the moment of the operate event or from the beginning of the fault if only a start event occurs during the fault The maximum current value collects the maximum fault currents during the fa...

Page 71: ... to Peak 2 DFT Selects used measurement mode Name Type Values Range Unit Description Fault number INT32 0 999999 Fault record number Time and date Timestamp Fault record time stamp Protection Enum 0 Unknown Protection function 1 PHLPTOC1 2 PHLPTOC2 6 PHHPTOC1 7 PHHPTOC2 8 PHHPTOC3 9 PHHPTOC4 12 PHIPTOC1 13 PHIPTOC2 17 EFLPTOC1 18 EFLPTOC2 19 EFLPTOC3 22 EFHPTOC1 23 EFHPTOC2 24 EFHPTOC3 25 EFHPTOC4...

Page 72: ... 65 LSHDPFRQ1 66 LSHDPFRQ2 67 LSHDPFRQ3 68 LSHDPFRQ4 69 LSHDPFRQ5 71 DPHLPDOC1 72 DPHLPDOC2 74 DPHHPDOC1 77 MAPGAPC1 78 MAPGAPC2 79 MAPGAPC3 85 MNSPTOC1 86 MNSPTOC2 88 LOFLPTUC1 90 TR2PTDF1 91 LNPLDF1 92 LREFPNDF1 94 MPDIF1 96 HREFPDIF1 100 ROVPTOV1 101 ROVPTOV2 102 ROVPTOV3 104 PHPTOV1 105 PHPTOV2 106 PHPTOV3 108 PHPTUV1 109 PHPTUV2 110 PHPTUV3 Table continued on next page Name Type Values Range ...

Page 73: ...88 SPHHPTOC1 86 SPHPTUV3 85 SPHPTUV2 84 SPHPTUV1 82 SPHPTOV3 81 SPHPTOV2 80 SPHPTOV1 25 OEPVPH4 24 OEPVPH3 23 OEPVPH2 22 OEPVPH1 19 PSPTOV2 18 PSPTOV1 15 PREVPTOC1 12 PHPTUC2 11 PHPTUC1 9 PHIZ1 5 PHLTPTOC1 20 EFLPTOC4 26 EFHPTOC5 27 EFHPTOC6 37 NSPTOC3 38 NSPTOC4 45 T1PTTR2 54 DEFHPDEF2 75 DPHHPDOC2 89 LOFLPTUC2 103 ROVPTOV4 117 PSPTUV2 Table continued on next page Name Type Values Range Unit Desc...

Page 74: ...se A Bias current IB FLOAT32 0 000 50 000 pu Bias current phase B Bias current IC FLOAT32 0 000 50 000 pu Bias current phase C Diff current IG FLOAT32 0 000 80 000 pu Differential current residual Bias current IG FLOAT32 0 000 50 000 pu Bias current residual Max current IA FLOAT32 0 000 50 000 xIn Maximum phase A current Max current IB FLOAT32 0 000 50 000 xIn Maximum phase B current Max current I...

Page 75: ...OAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Phase C voltage Voltage VAB FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Phase A to phase B voltage Voltage VCA FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Phase B to phase C voltage Voltage VAB FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Phase C to phase A voltage Voltage VG FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Residual voltage Voltage V0 FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Zero sequence voltage Voltage V1 FLOAT32 0 000 4 000 xVn Positive sequence voltage Vol...

Page 76: ...ency gradient Conductance Yo FLOAT32 1000 00 1000 00 mS Conductance Yo Susceptance Yo FLOAT32 1000 00 1000 00 mS Susceptance Yo Angle VG IG FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle residual voltage residual current Angle VBC IA FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle phase B to phase C voltage phase A current Angle VCA IB FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle phase C to phase A voltage phase B current Angle VAB IC FLOAT...

Page 77: ...e tag t1 is attached Each binary input has a filter time parameter Input filter where is the number of the binary input of the module in question for example Input 1 filter Table 42 Input filter parameter values 3 8 2 Binary input inversion The parameter Input invert is used to invert a binary input Table 43 Binary input states When a binary input is inverted the state of the input is TRUE 1 when ...

Page 78: ...er values 3 9 Binary output 3 9 1 High speed outputs HSO High speed outputs are normally used in applications which require fast IED output contact activation time to reach fast opening of a breaker Applications like arc protection or breaker failure protection are example cases where fast operation is desired either to minimize fault effects to equipment or to avoid a fault to expand to a larger ...

Page 79: ...to Degrees celsius the linear scaling is not possible but the default range 40 200 C can be set smaller with the Value maximum and Value minimum settings When the channel is used for DC milli ampere signal and the application requires linear scaling of the input range set the Value unit setting to Dimensionless where the input range can be linearly scaled with settings Input minimum and Input maxi...

Page 80: ...tionis from 4 mA to 20 mA that is equivalent to the tap changer position from 36 to 36 respectively Figure 9 Milli ampere input scaled to tap changer position information 3 10 6 Measurement chain supervision Each input contains functionality to monitor the input measurement chain The circuitry monitors the RTD channels continuously and reports a circuitry break of any enabled input channel If the ...

Page 81: ... as the measured input signal is within the measurement offset 3 10 8 Calibration RTD and mA inputs are calibrated at the factory The calibration circuitry monitors the RTD channels continuously and reports a circuitry break of any channel 3 10 9 Limit value supervision The limit value supervision function indicates whether the measured value of AI_INST exceeds or falls below the set limits All th...

Page 82: ...exceeds the added hysteresis respectively The hysteresis is added to the extreme value of the range limit to allow the measurement slightly to exceed the limit value before it is considered as out of range 3 10 10 Deadband supervision Each input has an independent deadband supervision The deadband supervision function reports the measured value according to integrated changes over a time period Fu...

Page 83: ...mula Example of X130 RTD analog input deadband supervision Temperature sensor Pt100 is used in the temperature range of 15 180 C Value unit Degrees celsius is used and the set values Value minimum and Value maximum areset to 15 and 180 respectively Value deadband 7500 7 5 of the total measuring range 165 AI_VAL AI_DB 85 If AI_VAL changes to 90 the reporting delay is Table 48 Settings for X130 RTD ...

Page 84: ...20 55 84 1 100 92 210 25 20 92 16 230 4 89 3 107 16 223 25 8 263 10 96 09 240 225 94 6 113 52 236 5 0 100 250 100 120 250 9 035 10 103 9 259 75 105 6 126 72 264 20 107 79 269 475 111 2 133 44 278 9 807 30 111 67 279 175 117 1 140 52 292 75 40 115 54 288 85 123 147 6 307 5 10 58 50 119 4 298 5 129 1 154 92 322 75 60 123 24 308 1 135 3 162 36 338 25 11 352 70 127 07 317 675 141 7 170 04 354 25 80 13...

Page 85: ...D mA card variants 3 10 13 RTD mA card variants The two variants of RTD cards available are 6RTD 2mA card and 2RTD 1mA card The features are similar in both the cards 3 10 13 1 6RTD 2mA card This card accepts 2 milli ampere inputs and 6 inputs from the RTD sensors The inputs 1 and 2 are used for current measurement whereas inputs from 3 to 8 are used for resistance type of measurements RTD mA inpu...

Page 86: ...Section 3 Basic functions 615 series ANSI 79 Technical Manual Figure 13 Three RTD and resistance sensors connected according to the two wire connection for 6RTD 2mA card Figure 14 mA wiring connection for 6RTD 2mA card ...

Page 87: ...e Input 1 is assigned for current measurements inputs 2 and 3 are for RTD sensors and inputs 4 to 8 are used for measuring input data from VT RTD mA input connection The examples of three wire and two wire connections of resistance and temperature sensors to the 6RTD 2mA board are as shown Figure 15 Three RTD and resistance sensors connected according to the three wire connection for 2 RTD 1mA car...

Page 88: ...Section 3 Basic functions 615 series ANSI 81 Technical Manual Figure 16 Three RTD and resistance sensors connected according to the two wire connection for 2RTD 1mA card Figure 17 mA wiring connection for 2RTD 1mA card ...

Page 89: ...se 2 Resistance 10 Pt100 11 Pt250 20 Ni100 21 Ni120 22 Ni250 30 Cu10 1 Not in use Analogue input mode Input maximum 0 2000 1 2000 Maximum analogue input value for mA or resistance scaling Input minimum 0 2000 1 0 Minimum analogue input value for mA or resistance scaling Value unit 1 Dimensionless 5 Ampere 23 Degrees celsius 30 Ohm 1 Dimensionless Selected unit for output value format Value maximum...

Page 90: ...igh limit 10000 0 10000 0 10000 0 Output value high alarm limit for supervision Value high limit 10000 0 10000 0 10000 0 Output value high warning limit for supervision Value low limit 10000 0 10000 0 10000 0 Output value low warning limit for supervision Value low low limit 10000 0 10000 0 10000 0 Output value low alarm limit for supervision Value deadband 100 100000 1000 Deadband configuration v...

Page 91: ...Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low RTD input Connectors 7 8 11c range AI_DB5 FLOAT32 10000 0 10000 0 RTD input Connectors 9 10 11c reported value AI_RANGE5 Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low RTD input Connectors 9 10 11c range AI_DB6 FLOAT32 10000 0 10000 0 RTD input Connectors 13 14 12c reported value AI_RANGE6 Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low RTD input...

Page 92: ...ion and can always be seen in SMT sheet Settings The GOOSE function blocks do not have any parameters available in LHMI or PCM600 3 11 1 GOOSERCV_BIN function block 3 11 1 1 Function block Figure 18 Function block 3 11 1 2 Functionality The GOOSERCV_BIN function is used to connect the GOOSE binary inputs to the application 3 11 1 3 Signals Table 54 GOOSERCV_BIN Input signals Table 55 GOOSERCV_BIN ...

Page 93: ...k 3 11 3 1 Function block Figure 20 Function block 3 11 3 2 Functionality The GOOSERCV_MV function is used to connect the GOOSE measured value inputs to the application 3 11 3 3 Signals Table 58 GOOSERCV_MV Input signals Table 59 GOOSERCV_MV Output signals Name Type Default Description IN Dbpos 00 Input signal Name Type Description OUT Dbpos Output signal VALID BOOLEAN Output signal Name Type Defa...

Page 94: ...ERCV_INT8 Output signals 3 11 5 GOOSERCV_INTL function block 3 11 5 1 Function block Figure 22 Function block 3 11 5 2 Functionality The GOOSERCV_INTL function is used to connect the GOOSE double binary input to the application and extracting single binary position signals from the double binary position signal The OP output signal indicates that the position is open Default value 0 is used if VAL...

Page 95: ...asured value inputs to the application The MAG_IN amplitude and ANG_IN angle inputs are defined in the GOOSE configuration PCM600 The MAG output passes the received GOOSE amplitude value for the application Default value 0 is used if VALID output indicates invalid status The ANG output passes the received GOOSE angle value for the application Default value 0 is used if VALID output indicates inval...

Page 96: ...nputs to the application 3 11 7 3 Signals Table 66 GOOSERCV_ENUM Input signals Table 67 GOOSERCV_ENUM Output signals 3 11 8 GOOSERCV_INT32 function block 3 11 8 1 Function block Figure 25 Function block Name Type Description MAG FLOAT32 Output signal amplitude ANG FLOAT32 Output signal angle VALID BOOLEAN Output signal GOOSERCV_ENUM OUT VALID Name Type Default Description IN Enum 0 Input signal Na...

Page 97: ...cation function output or received GOOSE signal Due to application logic quality bit propagation each simple and even combined signal has quality which can be evaluated The OUT output indicates quality good of the input signal Input signals that have no quality bits set or only test bit is set will indicate quality good status 3 12 1 2 Signals Table 70 QTY_GOOD Input signals Table 71 QTY_GOOD Outp...

Page 98: ...ated data of Health data attribute This function block can only be used with GOOSE The IN input can be connected to GOOSERCV_ENUM function block which is receiving the LD0 LLN0 Health stVal data attribute sent by another IED The outputs OK WARNING and ALARM are extracted from the enumerated input value Only one of the outputs can be active at a time In case the GOOSERCV_ENUM function block doesn t...

Page 99: ...6 Function block 3 12 4 3 Settings The function does not have any parameters available in LHMI or Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 3 13 Configurable logic blocks 3 13 1 Standard configurable logic blocks 3 13 1 1 OR function block Functionality OR and OR6 are used to form general combinatory expressions with Boolean variables The O output is activated when at least one input has the value...

Page 100: ... 1 2 AND function block Functionality AND and AND6 are used to form general combinatory expressions with Boolean variables The default value in all inputs is logical true which makes it possible to use only the required number of inputs and leave the rest disconnected AND has two inputs and AND6 has six inputs Function block Function block Figure 28 Function blocks OR B1 B2 O B1 B2 O B3 B4 B5 B6 O...

Page 101: ...gnal is TRUE if the input signals are different and FALSE if they are equal Function block Figure 29 Function block Settings The function does not have any parameters available in LHMI or Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 3 13 1 4 NOT function block Functionality NOT is used to generate combinatory expressions with Boolean variables NOT inverts the input signal Function block Figure 30 Fun...

Page 102: ... and Control IED Manager PCM600 3 13 1 6 MIN3 function block Functionality The minimum function MIN3 selects the minimum value from three analog values If the minimum value is counted from two signals connecting one of the inputs to two in MIN3 makes all the inputs to be connected Function block Figure 32 Function block Settings The function does not have any parameters available in LHMI or Protec...

Page 103: ...ctionality F_Trig is used as a falling edge detector The function detects the transition from TRUE to FALSE at the CLK input When the falling edge is detected the element assigns the Q output to TRUE At the next execution round the output is returned to FALSE despite the state of the input Function block Figure 34 Function block Settings The function does not have any parameters available in LHMI ...

Page 104: ...igure 36 Function block Functionality The Minimum pulse timer function TP block contains two independent timers running in milliseconds The function has a settable pulse length in milliseconds The timers are used for setting the minimum pulse length for example the signal outputs Once the input is activated the function gives out a pulse Cold load time setting But if the input remains Circuit brea...

Page 105: ...arameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pulse delay time 1 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 2 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 3 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 4 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 5 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 6 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 7 0 360...

Page 106: ...ing the minimum pulse length for example the signal outputs Once the input is activated the function gives out a pulse Pulse time setting But if the input remains active longer than the set Pulse time also the output remains active until the input is deactivated Figure 39 A Trip pulse is shorter than Cold load time setting B Trip pulse is longer than Cold load time setting Functional description I...

Page 107: ... pulse length in minutes The timers are used for setting the minimum pulse length for example the signal outputs Once the input is activated the function gives out a pulse Cold load time setting But if the input remains active longer than the set Cold load time also the output remains active until the input is deactivated Functional description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 identification ANS...

Page 108: ... control is by default realized through the R L button on the front panel The control via binary input can enabled by setting the value of the LR control setting to Binary input The actual Local Remote control state is evaluated by the priority scheme on the function block inputs If more than one input is active the input with the highest priority is selected The actual state is reflected on the C...

Page 109: ...y any any OFF TRUE FALSE TRUE any any LOCAL TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE any STATION TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE REMOTE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE OFF TRUE 1 If station authority is not in use the CTRL_STA input is interpreted as CTRL_REM Name Type Default Description CTRL_OFF BOOLEAN 0 Control input OFF CTRL_LOC BOOLEAN 0 Control input Local CTRL_STA BOOLEAN 0 Control input Station CTRL_REM BOOLEAN 0 ...

Page 110: ... interval Up to 12 load quantities can be selected for recording and storing in a nonvolatile memory The value range for the recorded load quantities is about eight times the nominal value and values larger than that saturate The recording time depends on a settable demand interval Parameter Type Values Range Unit Description Command response ENUM 1 Select open 2 Select close 3 Operate open 4 Oper...

Page 111: ...y Side VAB Phase A to phase B voltage Primary Side VBC Phase B to phase C voltage Primary Side VCA Phase C to phase A voltage Primary Side VA Phase A voltage Primary Side VB Phase B voltage Primary Side VC Phase C voltage Primary Side VAB2 Phase A to phase B voltage Secondary Side VBC2 Phase B to phase C voltage Secondary Side VCA2 Phase C to phase A voltage Secondary Side VA2 Phase A voltage Seco...

Page 112: ...e B QC Reactive power Phase C PFA Power Factor Phase A PFB Power Factor Phase B PFC Power Factor Phase C SA2 Apparent power Phase A Secondary Side SB2 Apparent power Phase B Secondary Side SC2 Apparent power Phase C Secondary Side PA2 Real power Phase A Secondary Side PB2 Real power Phase B Secondary Side PC2 Real power Phase C Secondary Side QA2 Reactive power Phase A Secondary Side QB2 Reactive ...

Page 113: ...Once either of the files is uploaded the recording buffer is halted to give time to upload the other file Demand interval 1 minute 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes 180 minutes Amount of quantities Recording capability in days 1 15 2 75 8 151 6 227 4 454 9 909 7 2729 2 2 11 4 56 9 113 7 170 6 341 1 682 3 2046 9 3 9 1 45 5 91 0 136 5 272 9 545 8 1637 5 4 7 6 37 9 75 8 113 7 227 ...

Page 114: ...llected data are cleared 3 15 2 Configuration The load profile record can be configured with the PCM600 tool or any tool supporting the IEC 61850 standard The load profile record can be enabled or disabled with the Operation setting under the Configuration Load Profile Record menu The mapping is done with the Quantity selection setting of the corresponding quantity channel The recording buffer is ...

Page 115: ... 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be recorded Quantity Sel 3 Refer Table 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be recorded Quantity Sel 4 Refer Table 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be recorded Quantity Sel 5 Refer Table 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be recorded Quantity Sel 6 Refer Table 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be recorded Quantity Sel 7 Refer Table 82 0 Disabled Select quantity to be rec...

Page 116: ... The instantaneous stage 50P 3 always trips with the DT characteristic In the DT mode the function trips after a predefined trip time and resets when the fault current disappears The IDMT mode provides current dependent timer characteristics The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 1 1 4 Operation principle T...

Page 117: ...se wise with the set Pickup value If the measured value exceeds the set Pickup value the level detector reports the exceeding of the value to the phase selection logic If the ENA_MULT input is active the Pickup value setting is multiplied by the Pickup value Mult setting The pickup value multiplication is normally done when the inrush detection function INR is connected to the ENA_MULT input Do no...

Page 118: ...he operate time characteristics are defined by the parameters Curve parameter A Curve parameter B Curve parameter C Curve parameter D and Curve parameter E If a drop off situation happens that is a fault suddenly disappears before the trip delay is exceeded the timer reset state is activated The functionality of the timer in the reset state depends on the combination of the Operating curve type Ty...

Page 119: ...ds In the Freeze timers mode the trip timer is frozen to the prevailing value In the Block all mode the whole function is blocked and the timers are reset the Block TRIP output mode the function operates normally but the TRIP output is not activated 4 1 1 5 Measurement modes The function operates on four alternative measurement modes RMS DFT Peak to Peak and P to P backup The measurement mode is s...

Page 120: ...electing the Operating curve type values ANSI Def Time or IEC Def Time The functionality is identical in both cases The following characteristics which comply with the list in the IEC 61850 7 4 specification indicate the characteristics supported by different stages Table 88 Timer characteristics supported by different stages Operating curve type Supported by 51P 50P 1 2 1 ANSI Extremely Inverse x...

Page 121: ... have currents above the pickup level for the function to trip When the number of pickup phase settings is set to 1 out of 3 the operation of 51P 50P is enabled with the presence of high current in one phase Many applications require several steps using different current pickup levels and time delays 51P 50P consists of three protection stages Low 51P High 50P 1 2 Instantaneous 50P 3 51P is used f...

Page 122: ...ed to the simple time selective protection In addition to the busbar protection this blocking principle is applicable for the protection of transformer LV terminals and short lines The functionality and performance of the proposed overcurrent protections can be summarized as seen in the table Table 90 Proposed functionality of numerical transformer and busbar overcurrent protection DT definite tim...

Page 123: ... the circuit breaker interrupting time is shorter than 60 ms The sensitivity and speed of the current selective stages become as good as possible due to the fact that the transient overreach is practically zero Also the effects of switching inrush currents on the setting values can be reduced by using the IED logic which recognizes the transformer energizing inrush current and blocks the operation...

Page 124: ...ng and outgoing feeders The protection scheme is implemented with three stage numerical overcurrent protection where the low set stage 51P operates in IDMT mode and the two higher stages 50P 1 2 and 50P 3 in DT mode Also the thermal withstand of the line types along the feeder and maximum expected inrush currents of the feeders are shown Faults occurring near the station where the fault current le...

Page 125: ... plan is an effective tool to study the operation of time selective operation characteristics All the points mentioned earlier required to define the overcurrent protection parameters can be expressed simultaneously in a coordination plan In Figure 49 the coordination plan shows an example of operation characteristics in the LV side incoming feeder and radial outgoing feeder ...

Page 126: ...for activating the blocking mode ENA_MULT BOOLEAN 0 False Enable signal for current multiplier Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode ENA_MULT BOOLEAN 0 False Enable signal for current multiplier Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current...

Page 127: ...e Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0 1 1 0 Multiplier for scaling the pickup value Time multiplier 0 05 15 00 0 05 1 00 Time multiplier in IEC ANSI IDMT curves Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operating curve type 1 ANSI Ext Inv 2 ANSI Very Inv 3 ANSI Norm Inv 4 ANSI Mod Inv 5 ANSI DT 6 LT Ext Inv 7 LT Very Inv 8 LT Inv 9 IEC Norm Inv 10 IEC Very Inv 11 IEC Inv 12 IEC Ext Inv 13 IEC ST...

Page 128: ...0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 02 2 00 2 00 Parameter C for customer programmable curve Curve parameter D 0 46 30 00 29 10 Parameter D for customer programmable curve Curve parameter E 0 0 1 0 1 0 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 10 40 00 xIn 0 01 0 10 Pickup value P...

Page 129: ...0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 02 2 00 2 00 Parameter C for customer programmable curve Curve parameter D 0 46 30 00 29 10 Parameter D for customer programmable curve Curve parameter E 0 0 1 0 1 0 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 1 00 40 00 xIn 0 01 1 00 Pickup value P...

Page 130: ... the set value at currents in the range of 10 40 x In Pickup time 12 1 Measurement mode default depends on stage current before fault 0 0 x In fn 60 Hz fault current in one phase with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum 50P 3 IFault 2 x set Pickup ...

Page 131: ...ion of this function is very similar to the 51P function except that inverse curves operating times are 10 times that of 51P The function also contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired Technical revision Change C Minimum and default values changed to 20 ms for the Trip delay time setting Minimum value changed to 1 00 x In fo...

Page 132: ...t phase currents Level detector The measured phase currents are compared phase wise to the set Pickup value If the measured value exceeds the set Pickup value the level detector reports the exceeding of the value to the phase selection logic If the ENA_MULT input is active the Pickup value setting is multiplied by the Pickup value Mult setting The pickup value multiplication is normally done when ...

Page 133: ...rding to DT or IDMT When the operation timer has reached the value of Trip delay time in the DT mode or the maximum value defined by the inverse time curve the TRIP output is activated Blocking logic There are three operation modes in the blocking functionality The operation modes are controlled by the BLOCK input and the global setting Configuration System Blocking mode which selects the blocking...

Page 134: ...rves are applicable The user can choose the DT characteristic by selecting the Operating curve type value Long Definite Time Table 110 Timer characteristics supported Table 111 Reset time characteristics supported by different stages 4 1 2 6 Application The long time overcurrent protection is used in special feeder protection application where operating time provided by 51P is not good enough for ...

Page 135: ...on TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 05 5 00 xIn 0 01 1 00 Pickup value Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0 1 1 0 Multiplier for scaling the pickup value Time multiplier 1 0 15 0 0 1 1 0 Time multiplier in IEC ANSI IDMT curves Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operating curve type 1 LT Ext Inv 2 LT Very Inv 3 LT In...

Page 136: ...rameter A 0 0086 120 0000 28 2000 Parameter A for customer programmable curve Curve parameter B 0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 02 2 00 2 00 Parameter C for customer programmable curve Curve parameter D 0 46 30 00 29 10 Parameter D for customer programmable curve Curve parameter E 0 0 1 0 1 0 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Name Type...

Page 137: ...e function trips after a predefined trip time and resets when the fault current disappears The IDMT mode provides current dependent timer characteristics The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 1 3 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding par...

Page 138: ...cted with the Directional mode setting The user can select either Non directional Forward or Reverse operation By setting the value of Allow Non Dir to True the non directional operation is allowed when the directional information is invalid The Characteristic angle setting is used to turn the directional characteristic The value of Characteristic angle should be chosen in such a way that all the ...

Page 139: ...oltage measured before the fault occurred assuming that the voltage is not affected by the fault The memory function enables the function to operate up to a maximum of three seconds after a total loss of voltage This time can be set with the Voltage Mem time setting The voltage memory cannot be used for the Negative sequence voltage polarization because it is not possible to substitute the positiv...

Page 140: ...ng of the value to the phase selection logic If the ENA_MULT input is active the Pickup value setting is multiplied by the Pickup value Mult setting The pickup value multiplication is normally done when the inrush detection function INR is connected to the ENA_MULT input GUID 718D61B4 DAD0 4F43 8108 86F7B44E7E2D V1 EN Do not set the multiplier setting Pickup value Mult higher than necessary If the...

Page 141: ...in the DT mode or the maximum value defined by the inverse time curve the TRIP output is activated When the user programmable IDMT curve is selected the operate time characteristics are defined by the parameters Curve parameter A Curve parameter B Curve parameter C Curve parameter D and Curve parameter E If a drop off situation happens that is a fault suddenly disappears before the trip delay is e...

Page 142: ... mode The BLOCK input can be controlled by a binary input a horizontal communication input or an internal signal of the relay program The influence of the BLOCK signal activation is preselected with the global setting Blocking mode The Blocking mode setting has three blocking methods In the Freeze timers mode the trip timer is frozen to the prevailing value In the Block all mode the whole function...

Page 143: ...kwise sector and the Min forward angle setting gives the corresponding clockwise sector measured from the Characteristic angle setting In the backward operation area the Max reverse angle setting gives the counterclockwise sector and the Min reverse angle setting gives the corresponding clockwise sector a measurement from the Characteristic angle setting that has been rotated 180 degrees Relay cha...

Page 144: ...ectors or the direction cannot be defined due too low amplitude 0 unknown The ANGLE_X is in the forward sector 1 forward The ANGLE_X is in the reverse sector 2 backward The ANGLE_X is in both forward and reverse sectors that is when the sectors are overlapping 3 both Criterion for phase combined direction information The value for DIRECTION The direction information DIR_X for all phases is unknown...

Page 145: ...tion method there is no need to rotate the polarizing quantity Figure 58 Single phase ground fault phase A In an example case of a two phase short circuit failure where the fault is between phases B and C the angle difference is measured between the polarizing quantity VBC and operating quantity IB IC in the self polarizing method Faulted phases Used fault current Used polarizing voltage Angle dif...

Page 146: ...rizing method The polarizing quantity is rotated with 90 degrees The characteristic angle is assumed to be 0 degrees Faulted phases Used fault current Used polarizing voltage Angle difference A IA VBC B IB VCA C IC VAB A B IA IB VBC VCA B C IB IC VCA VAB C A IC IA VAB VBC ANGLE A V I BC A RCA o _ 90 ANGLE B V I CA B RCA o _ 90 ANGLE C V I AB C RCA o _ 90 ANGLE A V V I I BC CA A B RCA o _ 90 ANGLE ...

Page 147: ...al Manual Figure 60 Single phase ground fault phase A In an example of the phasors in a two phase short circuit failure where the fault is between the phases B and C the angle difference is measured between the polarizing quantity VAB and operating quantity IB IC marked as φ ...

Page 148: ... the angle difference between the operating and polarizing quantity is calculated with the same formula for all fault types Equation 1 This means that the actuating polarizing quantity is V2 The equations are valid when network rotating direction is counterclockwise that is ABC If the network rotating direction is reversed 180 degrees is added to the calculated angle difference This is done automa...

Page 149: ...age V2 Positive sequence voltage as polarizing quantity Table 123 Equations for calculating angle difference for positive sequence quantity polarizing method Faulted phases Used fault current Used polarizing voltage Angle difference A IA V1 B IB V1 C IC V1 A B IA IB V1 B C IB IC V1 C A IC IA V1 ANGLE A V I A RCA _ 1 ANGLE B V I B RCA _ 1 120 ANGLE C V IC RCA _ 1 120 ANGLE A V I I A B RCA _ 1 30 AN...

Page 150: ...ection is defined with a system parameter Phase rotation The change in the network rotating direction affects the phase to phase voltages polarization method where the calculated angle difference needs to be rotated 180 degrees Also when the sequence components are used which are the positive sequence voltage or negative sequence voltage components the calculation of the components is affected but...

Page 151: ...f fault current calculations are needed There are situations with no possibility to have the selectivity with a protection system based on overcurrent IEDs in a closed ring system In some applications the possibility of obtaining the selectivity can be improved significantly if 67 51P and 67 50P is used This can also be done in the closed ring networks and radial networks with the generation conne...

Page 152: ...logy The closed ring network topology is used in applications where electricity distribution for the consumers is secured during network fault situations The power is fed at least from two directions which means that the current direction can be varied The time grading between the network level stages is challenging without unnecessary delays in the time settings In this case it is practical to us...

Page 153: ...L 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current I2 SIGNAL 0 Negative phase sequence current V_A_AB SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage A or phase to phase voltage AB V_B_BC SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage B or phase to phase voltage BC V_C_CA SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage C or phase to phase voltage CA V1 SIGNAL 0 Positive phase sequence voltage V2 SIGNAL 0 Negative phase sequence voltage BLOCK ...

Page 154: ...quence voltage BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode ENA_MULT BOOLEAN 0 False Enable signal for current multiplier Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Name Type Description PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup TRIP BOOLEAN Trip Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 05 5 00 xIn 0 01 1 00 Pickup value Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0...

Page 155: ...Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable Num of pickup phases 1 1 out of 3 2 2 out of 3 3 3 out of 3 1 1 out of 3 Number of phases required for trip activation Minimum trip time 20 60000 ms 1 20 Minimum trip time for IDMT curves Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Measurement mode 1 RMS 2 DFT 3 Peak to Peak 2 DFT Selects used measu...

Page 156: ...v 15 IEC DT 17 Programmable 5 ANSI DT Selection of time delay curve type Type of reset curve 1 Immediate 2 Def time reset 3 Inverse reset 1 Immediate Selection of reset curve type Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Characteristic angle 179 180 deg 1 60 Characteristic angle Max forward angle 0 90 deg 1 80 Maximum phase angle in forward direction Max reverse angle 0 90 deg 1 80 Maxim...

Page 157: ...ak to Peak 2 DFT Selects used measurement mode Min trip current 0 01 1 00 xIn 0 01 0 01 Minimum trip current Min trip voltage 0 01 1 00 xVn 0 01 0 01 Minimum trip voltage Curve parameter A 0 0086 120 0000 28 2000 Parameter A for customer programmable curve Curve parameter B 0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 02 2 00 2 00 Parameter C for customer pr...

Page 158: ...nknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction information DIR_A Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase A DIR_B Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase B DIR_C Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase C ANGLE_A FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Calculated angle difference Phase A ANGLE_B FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Calculated angle difference Phase B AN...

Page 159: ...ward 2 backward 3 both Direction information DIR_A Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase A DIR_B Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase B DIR_C Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Direction phase C ANGLE_A FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Calculated angle difference Phase A ANGLE_B FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Calculated angle difference Phase B ANGLE_C FLOAT3...

Page 160: ...ault 0 0 x In voltage before fault 1 0 x Vn fn 60 Hz fault current in one phase with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum IFault 2 0 x set Pickup value 37 ms 40 ms 42 ms Reset time 40 ms Reset ratio Typical 0 96 Retardation time 35 ms Trip time accu...

Page 161: ...ent disappears The IDMT mode provides current dependent timer characteristics The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 1 4 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of non directional ground...

Page 162: ...eset The reset curve type Immediate causes an immediate reset With the reset curve type Def time reset the reset time depends on the Reset delay time setting With the reset curve type Inverse reset the reset time depends on the current during the drop off situation If the drop off situation continues the reset timer is reset and the PICKUP output is deactivated The setting Time multiplier is used ...

Page 163: ...surement modes supported by 51N 50N or 51G 50G stages 4 1 4 6 Timer characteristics 51N 50N or 51G 50G supports both DT and IDMT characteristics The user can select the timer characteristics with the Operating curve type and Type of reset curve settings When the DT characteristic is selected it is only affected by the Trip delay time and Reset delay time settings The IED provides 16 IDMT character...

Page 164: ... 11 IEC Inverse x 12 IEC Extremely Inverse x x 13 IEC Short Time Inverse x 14 IEC Long Time Inverse x 15 IEC Definite Time x x 17 User programmable curve x x 18 RI type x 19 RD type x 50N G 3 supports only definite time characteristics For a detailed description of timers see the General function block features section in this manual Reset curve type Supported by 51N G 50N G 1 2 Note 1 Immediate x...

Page 165: ...us 50N G 3 51N G contains several types of time delay characteristics 50N G 1 2 and 50N G 3 are used for fast clearance of serious ground faults 4 1 4 8 Signals Table 138 51N G and 50SEF Input signals Table 139 50N G 1 2 Input signals Table 140 50N G 3 Input signals Table 141 51N G and 50SEF Output signals Name Type Default Description I_G or I_N SIGNAL 0 Ground current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block...

Page 166: ...Pickup value Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0 1 1 0 Multiplier for scaling the pickup value Time multiplier 0 05 15 00 0 05 1 00 Time multiplier in IEC ANSI IDMT curves Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operating curve type 1 ANSI Ext Inv 2 ANSI Very Inv 3 ANSI Norm Inv 4 ANSI Mod Inv 5 ANSI DT 6 LT Ext Inv 7 LT Very Inv 8 LT Inv 9 IEC Norm Inv 10 IEC Very Inv 11 IEC Inv 12 IEC Ext In...

Page 167: ...kup value Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0 1 1 0 Multiplier for scaling the pickup value Time multiplier 0 05 15 00 0 05 1 00 Time multiplier in IEC ANSI IDMT curves Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operating curve type 1 ANSI Ext Inv 3 ANSI Norm Inv 5 ANSI DT 9 IEC Norm Inv 10 IEC Very Inv 12 IEC Ext Inv 15 IEC DT 17 Programmable 5 ANSI DT Selection of time delay curve type Type of ...

Page 168: ...lay time Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time 51N G and 50SEF Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Name Type Values Range Unit Description P...

Page 169: ...stribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum 50N G 3 IFault 2 x set Pickup value IFault 10 x set Pickup value 16 ms 11 ms 19 ms 12 ms 23 ms 14 ms 50N 1 2 50G 1 2 and 51N G IFault 2 x set Pickup value 22 ms 24 ms 25 ms Reset time 40 ms Reset ratio Typical 0 96 Retardation time 30 ms Trip time accuracy in definite time mode 1 0 of the set ...

Page 170: ...r characteristics Same as 51N as described in 4 1 4 6 above 4 1 5 7 Application Electric power lines experience faults for many reasons In most cases electrical faults manifest in mechanical damage which must be repaired before returning the line to service Most of these faults are ground faults A small percentage of the ground faults have a very large impedance They are comparable to load impedan...

Page 171: ...e sequence current I2 and negative sequence voltage V2 exceed the set limits and the angle between them is inside the set operating sector The trip time characteristic for low stage 67 51N and 67 50N 1 and high stage 67 50N 2 can be selected to be either definite time DT or inverse definite minimum time IDMT In the DT mode the function trips after a predefined trip time and resets when the fault c...

Page 172: ...both limits are exceeded the level detector sends an enable signal to the timer module When the Enable voltage limit setting is set to False the Voltage pickup value has no effect and the level detection is purely based on the ground current If the ENA_MULT input is active the Pickup value setting is multiplied by the Pickup value Mult setting The pickup value multiplication is normally done when ...

Page 173: ... operation sector The correction can only be used with the IoCos or IoSin modes The minimum signal level which allows directional operation can be set by using the Min trip current and Min trip voltage settings When polarizing quantity residual voltage Uo is inverted because of switched voltage measurement cables the correction can be done by setting the Pol reversal to True which turns polarizing...

Page 174: ... The reset curve type Immediate causes an immediate reset With the reset curve type Def time reset the reset time depends on the Reset delay time setting With the reset curve type Inverse reset the reset time depends on the current during the drop off situation If the drop off situation continues the reset timer is reset and the PICKUP output is deactivated The setting Time multiplier is used for ...

Page 175: ...t activated 4 1 6 5 Directional ground fault principles In many cases it is difficult to achieve selective ground fault protection based on the magnitude of zero sequence current only To obtain a selective ground fault protection scheme it is necessary to take the phase angle of I0 into account This is done by comparing the phase angle of I0 to that of the zero sequence voltage V0 Relay characteri...

Page 176: ...s in a compensated network Example 2 The Phase angle mode is selected solidly grounded network φRCA 60 deg Characteristic angle 60 deg maximum torque line Characteristic angle 0 deg Non operating area Min forward angle Min reverse angle Min operate current Max forward angle Max reverse angle I0 operating quantity V polarizing quantity zero torque line ...

Page 177: ...solidly grounded network Example 3 The Phase angle mode is selected isolated network φRCA 90 deg Characteristic angle 90 deg N o n o p e r a t i n g a r e a Min reverse angle Min operate current Max forward angle Max reverse angle Characteristic angle 60 deg Min forward angle maximum torque line zero torque line polarizing quantity operating quantity 0 V 0 I ...

Page 178: ...ed to the residual voltage V0 Consequently the relay characteristic angle RCA should be set to 90 degrees and the operation criteria to I0sin φ or phase angle The width of the operating sector in the phase angle criteria can be selected with the settings Min forward angle Max forward angle Min reverse angle or Max reverse angle The figure below describes how ground fault current is defined in isol...

Page 179: ... of the compensation coil would disturb the operation of the relays In this case the selectivity is based on the measurement of the active current component The magnitude of this component is often small and must be increased by means of a parallel resistor in the compensation equipment When measuring the resistive part of the zero sequence current the relay characteristic angle RCA should be set ...

Page 180: ...angle operation mode Usage of the extended phase angle characteristic In addition to the RCA_CTL input the extended phase angle characteristic can be used when the compensation coil is temporarily disconnected in compensated networks When the extended operation area is used the operation area is wide enough to detect ground faults selectively in compensated networks regardless of whether the compe...

Page 181: ... to change any settings when a Petersen coil or a grounding resistor is switched on or off Auxiliary switches and other pieces of extra hardware are no longer required for ensuring the selectivity of the directional ground fault protection Figure 78 Extended operation area in directional ground fault protection 4 1 6 6 Measurement modes The function operates on three alternative measurement modes ...

Page 182: ...Time or IEC Def Time The functionality is identical in both cases The following characteristics which comply with the list in the IEC 61850 7 4 specification indicate the characteristics supported by different stages Table 162 Timer characteristics supported by different stages Operating curve type Supported by 67 51N and 67 50N 1 67 50N 2 1 ANSI Extremely Inverse x x 2 ANSI Very Inverse x 3 ANSI ...

Page 183: ...gle settings In the forward operation area the Max forward angle setting gives the clockwise sector and the Min forward angle setting correspondingly the anti clockwise sector measured from the Characteristic angle setting In the reverse operation area the Max reverse angle setting gives the clockwise sector and the Min reverse angle setting correspondingly the anti clockwise sector measured from ...

Page 184: ...e Allow non dir setting is True In that case the function is allowed to operate in the directional mode as non directional since the directional information is invalid Fault direction The value for DIRECTION Angle between the polarizing and operating quantity is not in any of the defined sectors 0 unknown Angle between the polarizing and operating quantity is in the forward sector 1 forward Angle ...

Page 185: ...rees Furthermore in completely compensated networks the fault current is usually mostly resistive Therefore the phase angle and I0cos φ criteria are equally sensitive However if the fault is in the background network the fault current of a sound and healthy line is almost fully capacitive and its phase angle is close to the operation area of the component Therefore the I0cos φ characteristic is re...

Page 186: ...monitored data The value can be passed directly to a decisive element which provides the final pickup and trip signals The following examples show the characteristics of the different operation criteria Example 1 I0sin φ criterion selected forward type fault FAULT_DIR 1 Figure 80 Operating characteristic I0sin φ in forward fault The operating sector is limited by Angle correction that is the opera...

Page 187: ...Technical Manual Example 2 I0sin φ criterion selected reverse type fault FAULT_DIR 2 Figure 81 Operating characteristic I0sin φ in reverse fault Example 3 I0cos φ criterion selected forward type fault FAULT_DIR 1 RCA 90 deg Correction angle Min operating current 0 0 0 ...

Page 188: ...tion functions 615 series ANSI 181 Technical Manual Figure 82 Operating characteristic I0cos φ in forward fault Example 4 I0cos φ criterion selected reverse type fault FAULT_DIR 2 RCA 0 deg Correction angle Min operating current 0 0 0 ...

Page 189: ...t have a fixed value of 80 degrees The sector limits of the fixed sectors are rounded The sector rounding is used for cancelling the CT measurement errors at low current amplitudes When the current amplitude falls below three percent of the nominal current the sector is reduced to 70 degrees at the fixed sector side This makes the protection more selective which means that the phase angle measurem...

Page 190: ...etting using the value Phase angle 88 Phase angle classic 88 implements the same functionality as the phase angle but with the following differences RCA Non operating area 3 nominal amplitude Max forward angle Min forward angle Min reverse angle Max reverse angle 70 deg 80 deg 70 deg 80 deg Forward area Backward area 1 nominal amplitude 0 I 0 V 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of 0 90 45 30 15 75 60 90 45 30 15...

Page 191: ...e current amplitude is between 1 100 percent of the nominal current the sector limit increases linearly from 85 degrees to 88 degrees If the current amplitude is more than 100 percent of the nominal current the sector limit is 88 degrees Figure 86 Operating characteristic for phase angle classic 88 There is no sector rounding on the other side of the sector If the current amplitude falls below one...

Page 192: ...d networks or in networks with high impedance grounding the phase to ground fault current is significantly smaller than the short circuit currents In addition the magnitude of the fault current is almost independent of the fault location in the network The function uses the zero sequence current components I0cos φ or I0sin φ according to the grounding method where φ is the angle between the zero s...

Page 193: ...e angle Alternatively I0sin φ operation can be used with a reversal polarizing quantity The polarizing quantity can be rotated 180 degrees by setting the Pol reversal parameter to True or by switching the polarity of the zero sequence voltage measurement wires Although the I0sin φ operation can be used in solidly grounded networks the phase angle is recommended In some applications negative sequen...

Page 194: ...ge Negative sequence voltage BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode ENA_MULT BOOLEAN 0 False Enable signal for current multiplier RCA_CTL BOOLEAN 0 False Relay characteristic angle control Name Type Default Description I0 or IG or I2 SIGNAL 0 Zero Sequence current Negative sequence current V0 or VG or V2 SIGNAL 0 Zero Sequence voltage Negative sequence voltage BLOCK BO...

Page 195: ...Inv 10 IEC Very Inv 11 IEC Inv 12 IEC Ext Inv 13 IEC ST Inv 14 IEC LT Inv 15 IEC DT 17 Programmable 18 RI Type 19 RD Type 5 ANSI DT Selection of time delay curve type Type of reset curve 1 Immediate 2 Def time reset 3 Inverse reset 1 Immediate Selection of reset curve type Trip delay time 60 200000 ms 10 60 Trip delay time Operation mode 1 Phase angle 2 IoSin 3 IoCos 4 Phase angle 80 5 Phase angle...

Page 196: ...001 0 005 Minimum trip current Min trip voltage 0 01 1 00 xVn 0 01 0 01 Minimum trip voltage Correction angle 0 0 10 0 deg 0 1 0 0 Angle correction Pol reversal 0 False 1 True 0 False Rotate polarizing quantity Curve parameter A 0 0086 120 0000 28 2000 Parameter A for customer programmable curve Curve parameter B 0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 ...

Page 197: ...elay curve type Type of reset curve 1 Immediate 2 Def time reset 3 Inverse reset 1 Immediate Selection of reset curve type Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operation mode 1 Phase angle 2 IoSin 3 IoCos 4 Phase angle 80 5 Phase angle 88 1 Phase angle Operation criteria Characteristic angle 179 180 deg 1 90 Characteristic angle Max forward angle 0 180 deg 1 88 Maximum phase angle in...

Page 198: ...005 Minimum trip current Min trip voltage 0 01 1 00 xVn 0 01 0 01 Minimum trip voltage Correction angle 0 0 10 0 deg 0 1 0 0 Angle correction Pol reversal 0 False 1 True 0 False Rotate polarizing quantity Curve parameter A 0 0086 120 0000 28 2000 Parameter A for customer programmable curve Curve parameter B 0 0000 0 7120 0 1217 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 02 2 0...

Page 199: ...g Angle between operating angle and characteristic angle I_OPER FLOAT 32 0 00 40 00 Calculated operating current 67 51N and 67 50N 1 Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocke d 5 disabled Status Name Type Values Range Unit Description FAULT_DIR Enum 0 unknown 1 forward 2 backward 3 both Detected fault direction PICKUP_DU R FLOAT3 2 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time DIRECTION Enum 0 un...

Page 200: ... current before fault 0 0 x In fn 60 Hz ground fault current with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum 67 50N 2 and 67 51N and 67 50N 1 IFault 2 x set Pickup value 61 ms 64 ms 66 ms Reset time 40 ms Reset ratio Typical 0 96 Retardation time 30 ms Tr...

Page 201: ...r inverse definite minimum time IDMT In the DT mode the function trips after a predefined trip time and resets when the fault current disappears The IDMT mode provides current dependent timer characteristics The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 1 7 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and dis...

Page 202: ... Curve parameter C Curve parameter D and Curve parameter E If a drop off situation happens that is a fault suddenly disappears before the trip delay is exceeded the timer reset state is activated The functionality of the timer in the reset state depends on the combination of the Operating curve type Type of reset curve and Reset delay time settings When the DT characteristic is selected the reset ...

Page 203: ...ce the negative sequence current quantities are not present during normal balanced load conditions the negative sequence overcurrent protection elements can be set for faster and more sensitive operation than the normal phase overcurrent protection for fault conditions occurring between two phases The negative sequence overcurrent protection also provides a back up protection functionality for the...

Page 204: ...t Step Default Description Pickup value 0 01 5 00 xIn 0 01 0 30 Pickup value Pickup value mult 0 8 10 0 0 1 1 0 Multiplier for scaling the pickup value Time multiplier 0 05 15 00 0 05 1 00 Time multiplier in IEC ANSI IDMT curves Trip delay time 40 200000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Operating curve type 1 ANSI Ext Inv 2 ANSI Very Inv 3 ANSI Norm Inv 4 ANSI Mod Inv 5 ANSI DT 6 LT Ext Inv 7 LT Very Inv ...

Page 205: ...er E 0 0 1 0 1 0 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time 46 Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In Pickup time 12 1 Negative sequence current before fault 0 0 ...

Page 206: ... be above the minimum level 46PD trips with DT characteristic The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block the function output timer or the function itself if desired 4 1 8 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of phase discontinuity protection can b...

Page 207: ...e currents are above the set Min phase current At least one of the phase currents needs to be above the set limit to enable the level detector module Timer Once activated the timer activates the PICKUP output The time characteristic is according to DT When the trip timer has reached the value set by Trip delay time the TRIP output is activated If the fault disappears before the module trips the re...

Page 208: ...detecting broken conductors in distribution and subtransmission networks The function is applicable for both overhead lines and underground cables The operation of 46PD is based on the ratio of positive and negative sequence currents This gives better sensitivity and stability compared to plain negative sequence current protection since the calculated ratio of positive and negative sequence curren...

Page 209: ...ing the broken conductor fault in phase A with the ratio of negative and positive sequence currents 4 1 8 6 Signals Table 187 46PD Input signals Name Type Default Description I1 SIGNAL 0 Positive phase sequence current I2 SIGNAL 0 Negative phase sequence current I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating ...

Page 210: ...scription Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Min phase current 0 05 0 30 xIn 0 01 0 10 Minimum phase current Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time RATIO_I2_I1 FLOAT32 0 00 999 99 Measured current ratio I2 I1 46PD Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test block...

Page 211: ...ull load current which can severely heat the motor 46M detects the large negative sequence current and disconnects the motor The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block the function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 1 9 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable ...

Page 212: ...minimum and maximum trip times with the Minimum trip time and Maximum trip time settings The Machine time Mult setting parameter corresponds to the machine constant equal to the I2 2 t constant of the machine as stated by the machine manufacturer In case there is a mismatch between the used CT and the protected motor s nominal current values it is possible to fit the IDMT curves for the protected ...

Page 213: ...DMT In inverse time modes the trip time depends on the momentary value of the current the higher the current the faster the trip time The trip time calculation or integration starts immediately when the current exceeds the set Pickup value and the PICKUP output is activated The TRIP output of the component is activated when the cumulative sum of the integrator calculating the overcurrent situation...

Page 214: ...ntaneously but instead it depends on the equation or the Cooling time setting The timer can be reset in two ways With a drop in the negative sequence current below pickup value the subtraction in the denominator becomes negative and the cumulative sum starts to decrease The decrease in the sum indicates the cooling of the machine and the cooling speed depends on the value of the negative sequence ...

Page 215: ...urrents with value less than the rated current of the motor The negative sequence impedance of induction or a synchronous motor is approximately equal to the locked rotor impedance which is approximately one sixth of the normal motor impedance considering that the motor has a locked rotor current of six times the rated current Therefore even a three percent voltage unbalance can lead to 18 percent...

Page 216: ... used only in the IDMT Maximum trip time 500000 7200000 ms 1000 1000000 Max trip time regardless of the inverse characteristic Minimum trip time 100 120000 ms 1 100 Minimum trip time for IDMT curves Cooling time 5 7200 s 1 50 Time required to cool the machine Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup tim...

Page 217: ...e direction The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timer or the function itself if desired Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In Pickup time 12 1 Negative sequence current before fault 0 0 fn 60 Hz results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the dela...

Page 218: ...ickup duration value PICKUP_DUR which indicates the ratio of the pickup situation and the set trip time The value is available through the Monitored data view 4 1 10 5 Application The rotation of a motor in the reverse direction is not a desirable operating condition When the motor drives fans and pumps for example and the rotation direction is reversed due to a wrong phase sequence the driven pro...

Page 219: ...CK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 05 1 00 xIn 0 01 0 75 Pickup value Trip delay time 100 60000 ms 10 100 Trip delay time Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable N...

Page 220: ...te timer or the function itself if desired 4 1 11 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In Pickup time 12 1 Negative sequence current before fault 0 0 fn 60 Hz results based on statist...

Page 221: ... the set Pickup value low a signal is sent to block the operation of the timer Timer Once activated the timer activates the PICKUP output The time characteristic is according to DT When the trip timer has reached the value set by Trip delay time the TRIP output is activated If the fault disappears before the module trips the reset timer is activated If the reset timer reaches the value set by Rese...

Page 222: ...hat is the higher pickup value current If the current drawn is below the lower pickup value current the motor is disconnected from the power supply 37 detects this condition and interprets that the motor is de energized and disables the function to prevent unnecessary trip events 4 1 11 6 Signals Table 205 37 Input signals Table 206 37 Output signals 4 1 11 7 Settings Table 207 37 Group settings T...

Page 223: ...ocked during the startup period When the motor has passed the starting phase 51LR monitors the magnitude of phase currents The function starts when the Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time 37 Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current...

Page 224: ...vated The value is available only through the Monitored data view The time characteristic is according to DT When the operation timer has reached the Trip delay time value the TRIP output is activated When the timer has elapsed but the motor stall condition still exists the TRIP output remains active until the phase currents values drop below the Pickup value that is until the stall condition pers...

Page 225: ...running state To provide a good and reliable protection for motors in a stall situation the temperature effects on the motor have to be kept within the allowed limits 4 1 12 6 Signals Table 211 51LR Input signals Table 212 51LR Output signals 4 1 12 7 Settings Table 213 51LR Non group settings 4 1 12 8 Monitored data Table 214 51LR Monitored data Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A ...

Page 226: ...ation time characteristics are according to definite time DT The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs and reset the definite timer if desired Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In Reset time 40 ms Reset ratio Typical 0 96 Retardation time 35 ms Trip time accura...

Page 227: ... to the Pickup value setting The Operation mode setting can be used to select the Three Phase or Single Phase mode If in the Three Phase mode all the phase current values are less than the value of the Pickup value setting the condition is detected and an enabling signal is sent to the timer This signal is disabled after one or several phase currents have exceeded the set Pickup value value of the...

Page 228: ...a low current detection module that monitors the de energized condition of the protected object The module compares the phase currents RMS value to the Current block value setting If all the phase current values are less than the Current block value setting a signal is sent to block the operation of the timer ...

Page 229: ...ew The BLOCK signal blocks the operation of the function and resets the timer 4 1 13 5 Signals Table 217 37 Output signals 4 1 13 6 Settings Table 218 37 Group settings Table 219 37 Non group settings Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip TRIP_A BOOLEAN Trip phase A TRIP_B BOOLEAN Trip phase B TRIP_C BOOLEAN Trip phase C PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup PICKUP_A BOOLEAN Pickup phase A PICKUP_B BOOLEAN Pick...

Page 230: ...e phases 59 includes both definite time DT and inverse definite minimum time IDMT characteristics for the delay of the trip The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timer or the function itself if desired 4 2 1 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Di...

Page 231: ...contain discontinuity characteristics The Curve Sat relative setting is used for preventing undesired operation Phase selection logic If the fault criteria are fulfilled in the level detector the phase selection logic detects the phase or phases in which the fault level is detected If the number of faulty phases match with the set Num of pickup phases the phase selection logic activates the timer ...

Page 232: ...ay time value is exceeded If the drop off situation exceeds the set Reset delay time the timer is reset and the PICKUP output is deactivated When the IDMT trip time curve is selected the functionality of the timer in the drop off state depends on the combination of the Type of reset curve and Reset delay time settings Table 221 The reset time functionality when the IDMT trip time curve is selected...

Page 233: ...ines the minimum desired trip time for IDMT The setting is applicable only when the IDMT curves are used The timer calculates the pickup duration value PICKUP_DUR which indicates the percentage ratio of the pickup situation and the set trip time The value is available through the Monitored data view The Minimum trip time setting should be used with care because the operation time is according to t...

Page 234: ...es 4 2 1 6 Application Overvoltage in a network occurs either due to the transient surges on the network or due to prolonged power frequency overvoltages Surge arresters are used to protect the network against the transient overvoltages but the IED protection function is used to protect against power frequency overvoltages The power frequency overvoltage may occur in the network due to the conting...

Page 235: ...SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage B or phase to phase voltage BC V_C_CA SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage C or phase to phase voltage CA BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 05 1 60 xVn 0 01 1 10 Pickup value Time multiplier 0 05 15 00 0 05 ...

Page 236: ...tomer programmable curve Curve parameter B 0 50 100 00 1 00 Parameter B for customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 0 1 0 0 0 Parameter C for customer programmable curve Curve parameter D 0 000 60 000 0 000 Parameter D for customer programmable curve Curve parameter E 0 000 3 000 1 000 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Curve Sat Relative 0 0 3 0 0 1 2 0 Tuning parameter to avoid ...

Page 237: ...equency of the voltage measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x Vn Pickup time12 1 Pickup value 1 0 x Vn Voltage before fault 0 9 x Vn fn 60 Hz overvoltage in one phase to phase with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum VFault 1 1 x set Picku...

Page 238: ... below the Pickup value setting After leaving the hysteresis area the pickup condition has to be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the hysteresis area The Voltage selection setting is used for selecting the phase to ground or phase to phase voltages for protection For the voltage IDMT mode of operation the used IDMT curve equations contain discontinuity...

Page 239: ...enly disappears before the trip delay is exceeded the reset state is activated The behavior in the drop off situation depends on the selected trip time characteristics If the DT characteristics are selected the reset timer runs until the set Reset delay time value is exceeded If the drop off situation exceeds the set Reset delay time the timer is reset and the PICKUP output is deactivated When the...

Page 240: ... the minimum desired trip time for IDMT The setting is applicable only when the IDMT curves are used The timer calculates the pickup duration value PICKUP_DUR which indicates the percentage ratio of the pickup situation and the set trip time The value is available through the Monitored data view The Minimum trip time setting should be used with care because the operation time is according to the I...

Page 241: ...as generators transformers motors and power lines to detect low voltage conditions Low voltage conditions are caused by abnormal operation or a fault in the power system 27 can be used in combination with overcurrent protections Other applications are the detection of a no voltage condition for example before the energization of a high voltage line or an automatic breaker trip in case of a blackou...

Page 242: ...ltage AB V_B_BC SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage B or phase to phase voltage BC V_C_CA SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage C or phase to phase voltage CA BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 05 1 20 xVn 0 01 0 90 Pickup value Time multiplier ...

Page 243: ...customer programmable curve Curve parameter C 0 0 1 0 0 0 Parameter C for customer programmable curve Curve parameter D 0 000 60 000 0 000 Parameter D for customer programmable curve Curve parameter E 0 000 3 000 1 000 Parameter E for customer programmable curve Curve Sat Relative 0 0 3 0 0 1 2 0 Tuning parameter to avoid curve discontinuities Voltage block value 0 05 1 00 xVn 0 01 0 20 Low level ...

Page 244: ...he frequency of the voltage measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x Vn Pickup time12 1 Pickup value 1 0 x Vn Voltage before fault 1 1 x Vn fn 60 Hz undervoltage in one phase to phase with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum VFault 0 9 x set...

Page 245: ...e the TRIP output is activated If the fault disappears before the module trips the reset timer is activated If the reset timer reaches the value set by Reset delay time the trip timer resets and the PICKUP output is deactivated The timer calculates the pickup duration PICKUP_DUR value which indicates the ratio of the pickup situation and the set trip time The value is available through the Monitor...

Page 246: ... The highest ground voltage equal to the phase to ground voltage is achieved for a single phase ground fault The ground voltage increases approximately the same amount in the whole system and does not provide any guidance in finding the faulty component Therefore this function is often used as a back up protection or as a release signal for the feeder ground fault protection The protection can als...

Page 247: ...nit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time 59G Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the voltage measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x Vn Pickup time12 1 Ground voltage before fault 0 0 x Vn fn 60 Hz ground voltage with nominal frequency injected from random ph...

Page 248: ...e definite timer or the function itself if desired 4 2 4 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of negative sequence overvoltage protection can be described by using a module diagram All the blocks in the diagram are explained in the next sections Figure 114 Functional module ...

Page 249: ...orary voltage unbalance can appear in the network for various reasons The voltage unbalance mainly occurs due to broken conductors or asymmetrical loads and is characterized by the appearance of a negative sequence component of the voltage In rotating machines the voltage unbalance results in a current unbalance which heats the rotors of the machines The rotating machines therefore do not tolerate...

Page 250: ...able 245 47 Group settings Table 246 47 Non group settings 4 2 4 8 Monitored data Table 247 47 Monitored data Name Type Default Description V2 SIGNAL 0 Negative phase sequence voltage BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 010 1 000 xVn 0 00...

Page 251: ...s up when the positive sequence voltage drops below the set limit 27PS operates with the definite time DT characteristics Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the voltage measured fn 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 Vn Pickup time12 1 Negative sequence voltage before fault 0 0 Vn fn 60 Hz negative sequence overvoltage with nominal frequency injected from random phase...

Page 252: ...hysteresis area the pickup condition has to be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return to the hysteresis area The level detector contains a low level blocking functionality for cases where the positive sequence voltage is below the desired level This feature is useful when it is wanted to avoid unnecessary starts and operates during for example an auto reclose sequen...

Page 253: ... is that the generator can lose synchronism during the network fault A sufficiently fast trip of the utility circuit breaker of the power station can avoid these risks The lower the three phase symmetrical voltage of the network is the higher is the probability that the generator loses the synchronism The positive sequence voltage is also available during asymmetrical faults It is a more appropria...

Page 254: ...ctivating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Pickup value 0 010 1 200 xVn 0 001 0 500 Pickup value Trip delay time 40 120000 ms 10 40 Trip delay time Voltage block value 0 01 1 00 xVn 0 01 0 20 Internal blocking level Enable block value 0 False 1 True 1 True Enable Internal Blocking Parameter Values R...

Page 255: ... 2Hz 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x Vn Pickup time12 1 Pickup value 1 0 x Vn Positive sequence voltage before fault 1 1 x Vn fn 60 Hz positive sequence undervoltage with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribu tion of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum VFault 0 99 x set Pickup value VFault 0 ...

Page 256: ...sections Figure 118 Functional Module Diagram V f calculation This module calculates the V f ratio that is the excitation level from the internal induced voltage E and frequency The actual measured voltage Vm deviates from the internal induced voltage emf E a value the equipment has to withstand This voltage compensation is based on the load current IL and the leakage reactance Xleak of the equipm...

Page 257: ...on of internal induced voltage emf E phase to ground A or AB phase to ground B or BC phase to ground C or CA phase to phase A or AB phase to phase B or BC phase to phase C or CA Pos sequence N A Voltages currents and the leakage reactance Xleak in the calculations are given in volts amps and ohms If all three phase or phase to phase voltages and phase currents are fed to the IED the positive seque...

Page 258: ...efine the maximum and minimum trip times via the Minimum trip time and Maximum trip time settings The Maximum trip time setting is used to prevent infinite pickup situations at low degrees of overexcitation The Time multiplier setting is used for scaling the IDMT trip times The activation of the TRIP output activates the BLK_RESTART output The beginning of the cooling process deactivates the TRIP ...

Page 259: ...Crv2 OvExt IDMT Crv3 and OvExt IDMT Crv4 Overexcitation inverse definite minimum time curve IDMT In the inverse time modes the trip time depends on the momentary value of the excitation the higher the excitation level the shorter the trip time The trip time calculation or integration starts immediately when the excitation level exceeds the set Pickup value and the PICKUP output is activated The TR...

Page 260: ...omes the value at the time when the fault dropped off minus the amount of reset time that occurred If the reset period elapses without a fault being detected the saved values of the pickup time and integration are cleared Figure 119 An example of a delayed reset in the inverse time characteristics When the pickup becomes active during the reset period the trip time counter continues from the level...

Page 261: ...g Table 255 Parameters a b and c for different IDMT curves Figure 120 Trip time curves for the overexcitation IDMT curve OvExt IDMT Crv1 for parameters a 2 5 b 115 0 and c 4 886 Overexcitation IDMT curve 4 The base equation for the IDMT curve OvExt IDMT Crv4 is The constant 60 in converts time from minutes to seconds Operating curve type Setting a b c OvExt IDMT Crv1 2 5 115 00 4 886 OvExt IDMT Cr...

Page 262: ...the BLK_RESTART output For the IDMT curves the deactivation of the TRIP output activates the cooling timer The timer is set to the value entered in the Cooling time setting The COOL_ACTIVE output is kept active until the cooling timer is reset whereas the BLK_RESTART output remains active until the timer exceeds the value to enable the restart time given in Equation 10 The Restart Ena level settin...

Page 263: ...ation and adjacent parts in a relatively short time Overvoltage underfrequency or a combination of the two results in an excessive flux density level Since the flux density is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the frequency the overexcitation protection calculates the relative V Hz ratio instead of measuring the flux density directly The nominal level nominal volta...

Page 264: ...ical phenomenon caused by events such as loss of load A high phase to ground voltage does not mean overexcitation For example in an ungrounded power system a single phase to ground fault means high voltages of the healthy two phases to ground but no overexcitation on any winding The phase to phase voltages remain essentially unchanged An important voltage to be considered for the overexcitation is...

Page 265: ...g Volt Max continuous is equal to 105 then the excitation level M of the machine is calculated as below Excitation level In the definite time operation if the calculated excitation level M is greater than the setting Pickup value PICKUP output is activated If the excitation level M stays above the set value for the time equal to set Trip delay time TRIP output is activated The definite time operat...

Page 266: ...current I_C SIGNAL 0 0 Phase C current I1 SIGNAL 0 0 Positive phase sequence current V_A_AB SIGNAL 0 0 Phase to ground voltage A or phase to phase voltage AB V_B_BC SIGNAL 0 0 Phase to ground voltage B or phase to phase voltage BC V_C_CA SIGNAL 0 0 Phase to ground voltage C or phase to phase voltage CA V1 SIGNAL 0 0 Positive phase sequence voltage F SIGNAL 0 0 Measured frequency BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 Fa...

Page 267: ... enable Operation Mode Disable Enable 5 disable Cooling time 5 10000 s 1 600 Time required to cool the machine Constant delay 100 120000 ms 10 800 Parameter constant delay Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 10 100 Resetting time of the trip time counter in DT mode Maximum trip time 500000 10000000 ms 10 1000000 Maximum Trip time for IDMT curves Minimum trip time 200 60000 ms 10 200 Minimum trip time for ...

Page 268: ... restart VOLTPERHZ FLOAT32 0 0 10 0 pu Excitation level i e V f ratio or Volts Hertz 24 Enum 1 on Status 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 off Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 3 0 of the set value Pickup time 1 2 Frequency change Typical 200 ms Voltage change Typical 40 ms Reset time 50 ms Reset ratio Typical 0 96 Retardation time 35 ms...

Page 269: ...sophisticated protection schemes for the system The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timer or the function itself if desired 4 3 1 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the frequency protection function can be described us...

Page 270: ...module includes a detection for a positive or negative rate of change gradient of frequency based on the set Pickup value df dt value The negative rate of change protection is selected when the set value is negative The positive rate of change protection is selected when the set value is positive When the frequency gradient protection is selected and the gradient exceeds the set Pickup value df dt...

Page 271: ... is compared to the set value of the Pickup value df dt setting When the frequency gradient exceeds the set value the module activates the PICKUP and STR_FRG outputs The time characteristic is according to DT When the operation timer has reached the value set by the Trip Tm df dt setting the TRIP and OPR_FRG outputs are activated If the frequency gradient restores before the module trips the reset...

Page 272: ...ystem frequency stability is one of the main principles in the distribution and transmission network maintenance To protect all frequency sensitive electrical apparatus in the network the departure from the allowed band for a safe operation should be inhibited The overfrequency protection is applicable in all situations where high levels of the fundamental frequency of a power system voltage must ...

Page 273: ...t link two parts of the system As a result the system splits into two with one part having the excess load and the other part the corresponding deficit The frequency gradient is applicable in all the situations where the change of the fundamental power system voltage frequency should be detected reliably The frequency gradient can be used for both increasing and decreasing the frequencies This fun...

Page 274: ...Description Trip mode 1 Freq 2 Freq 3 df dt 4 Freq df dt 5 Freq df dt 6 Freq OR df dt 7 Freq OR df dt 1 Freq Frequency protection trip mode selection Pickup value Freq 0 900 1 200 xFn 0 001 1 05 Frequency pickup value overfrequency Pickup value Freq 0 800 1 100 xFn 0 001 0 95 Frequency pickup value underfrequency Pickup value df dt 0 200 0 200 xFn s 0 005 0 01 Frequency pickup value rate of change...

Page 275: ... 00 Pickup duration ST_DUR_UFRQ FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 PIckup duration ST_DUR_FRG FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Pickup duration 81 Enum 1 on 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 off Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy f f 10 mHz df dt 100 mHz s in range df dt 5 Hz s 2 0 of the set value in range 5 Hz s df dt 15 Hz s Pickup time f f 80 ms df dt 120 ms Reset time 150 ms Operate time accuracy 1 0 of the set ...

Page 276: ...There is a definite time delay between the detection of the underfrequency and high df dt and the activation of 81LSH This time delay can be set and it is used to prevent unwanted load shedding actions when the system frequency recovers to the normal level Once the frequency has stabilized 81LSH can restore the load that is shed during the frequency disturbance The restoration is possible manually...

Page 277: ...alue Freq setting The underfrequency detection module includes a timer with the definite time DT characteristics Upon detection of underfrequency operation timer activates the ST_FRQ output When the underfrequency timer has reached the value set by Trip Tm Freq the OPR_FRQ output is activated if the underfrequency condition still persists If the frequency becomes normal before the module trips the...

Page 278: ... set by Trip Tm df dt the OPR_FRG output is activated if the df dt condition still persists If df dt becomes normal before the module trips the reset timer is activated If the reset timer reaches the value of the Reset delay time setting the timer resets and the ST_FRG output is deactivated Load shedding control The way of load shedding that is whether to operate based on underfrequency or high df...

Page 279: ...ions are satisfied Rated frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz Pickup value Freq set at 0 975 xFn Pickup value df dt set at 0 020 xFn s Trip Tm df dt 500ms Trip Tm Freq 1000ms Load shed mode Freq AND df dt 58 8 Hz ST_FRG OPR_FRG 500ms 1s TRIP is activated as Freq AND df dt condition satisfied TRIP 58 5 Hz Start of operation timer ST_FRQ OPR_FRQ Start of operation timer 1s Time s Frequency Hz ...

Page 280: ...ve the Restore pickup Val setting the RESTORE signal output is activated The RESTORE output remains active for a 100 ms The Restore mode setting is used to select the restoring mode to be Disabled Auto or Manual 60 Hz Pickup value Freq set at 0 975 xFn Pickup value df dt set at 0 020 xFn s Trip Tm df dt 500ms Trip Tm Freq 1000ms Load shed mode Freq AND df dt 58 8 Hz ST_FRG OPR_FRG 500ms 1s TRIP is...

Page 281: ...mall margin The safe margin of operation is usually less than 0 5 Hz The system frequency stability is one of the main concerns in the transmission and distribution network operation and control To protect the frequency sensitive electrical equipment in the network departure from the allowed band for safe operation should be inhibited Restoring mode Description Disabled Load restoration is disable...

Page 282: ...on is harmful to power system components like turbines and motors Therefore such situation must be prevented from continuing The frequency based load shedding scheme should be applied to restore the operation of the system to normal frequency This is achieved by quickly creating the load generation balance by disconnecting the load As the formation of the system islands is not always predefined se...

Page 283: ...e lowest occurring normal frequency and well above the lowest acceptable frequency of the system The setting level the number of steps and the distance between two steps in time or in frequency depend on the characteristics of the power system under consideration The size of the largest loss of generation compared to the size of the power system is a critical parameter In large systems the load sh...

Page 284: ... 0 3 Hz s for large distributed power networks with the operating time varying from a few seconds to a few fractions of a second Here the operating time should be kept in minimum for the higher df dt setting Table 271 Setting for a five step df dt operation Once the frequency has stabilized the shed load can be restored The restoring operation should be done stepwise taking care that it does not l...

Page 285: ...e blocking mode BLK_REST BOOLEAN 0 False Block restore MAN_RESTORE BOOLEAN 0 False Manual restore signal Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip of load shedding OPR_FRQ BOOLEAN Trip signal for under frequency OPR_FRG BOOLEAN Trip signal for high df dt PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup ST_FRQ BOOLEAN Pick Up signal for under frequency detection ST_FRG BOOLEAN Pick Up signal for high df dt detection RESTORE BO...

Page 286: ...ion of restore functionality 2 Auto 3 Manual Pickup value Freq 0 800 1 200 xFn 0 001 0 975 Frequency setting pickup value Pickup value df dt 0 200 0 005 xFn s 0 005 0 01 Setting of frequency gradient for df dt detection Trip Tm Freq 80 200000 ms 10 200 Time delay to trip for under frequency stage Trip Tm df dt 120 200000 ms 10 200 Time delay to trip for df dt stage Restore pickup Val 0 800 1 200 x...

Page 287: ...sitive sequence power protection 32P function is used to detect positive sequence power direction The output of the function is used for blocking or releasing other functions in protection scheme This function contains a blocking functionality which blocks function output and resets the timer 4 4 1 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corres...

Page 288: ...If the angular difference is within the operating sector selected by the Directional mode setting then enable signal is sent to the Timer The operating sector is defined by the setting Min forward angle Max forward angle Min reverse angle and Max reverse angle see Figure 133 The user selectable options for Directional mode settings are Forward and Reverse The sector limits are always given as posi...

Page 289: ...ation happens that is if operating current moves outside operating sector or signal amplitudes becomes below the minimum level before Release delay time is exceeded the timer reset state is activated If drop off continues for more than Reset delay time the Timer is deactivated Blocking logic The binary input BLOCK can be used to block the function The activation of the BLOCK input deactivates RELE...

Page 290: ...V1_ANGL REAL 0 0 Positive sequence voltage phase angle BLOCK BOOL FALSE Block signal for all binary outputs Name Type Description RELEASE BOOL Release signal if directional criteria is satisfied Name Values Range Unit Step Default Description Directional mode 1 Non directional 2 Forward 3 Reverse 2 Forward Power direction forward or reverse direction Max forward angle 0 90 Deg 1 88 Maximum phase a...

Page 291: ... release signal is given with a definite time delay 4 4 2 1 Identification Name Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 0 Off 1 On 1 ON Operation Off On Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Min trip voltage 0 01 1 00 pu 0 01 0 3 Minimum operating voltage Min trip current 0 005 1 00 pu 0 001 0 1 Minimum operating current Name Type Values Range Unit Description DIRECTION EN...

Page 292: ...ard or reverse direction 32N gives release signal after a definite time delay In residual voltage selection if the angle difference between residual voltage and residual current is in predefined direction either in forward or reverse direction 32N gives release signal after a definite time delay This function contains a blocking functionality which blocks the function output and resets the timer 4...

Page 293: ...the angle difference is within the operating sector selected by Direction mode setting then enable signal is sent to the Timer The operating sector is defined by the settings Max forward angle Max reverse angle Min forward angle and Min reverse angle see Figure 137 User selectable options for Directional mode are Forward and Reverse The value of Characteristic angle should be chosen in such way th...

Page 294: ...orward angle and Min reverse angle see Figure 137 User selectable options for Directional mode are Forward and Reverse The Characteristic angle is also known as Relay Characteristic Angle RCA Relay Base Angle or Maximum Torque Line The Measured IG or Calculated IN residual current can be selected using Io signal Sel setting The Measured VG Calculated VN residual voltage can be selected using Pol s...

Page 295: ...ded systems In general Characteristic angle is selected so that it matches close to the expected fault angle value which results into maximum sensitivity The Characteristic angle can be set anywhere between 179 to 180 Figure 138 and Figure 139 show examples of the operating area with RCA set to 60 and 90 respectively The directional characteristic for measured or calculated residual power is same ...

Page 296: ...zing quantity VG or VN respectively VG polarizing quantity IG operating quantity RCA 60 deg Min forward angle Max forward angle Min reverse angle Max reverse angle Backward area Forward area N o n o p e r a t i n g a r e a Min operate voltage Min operate current N o n o p e r a t i n g a r e a N o n o p e r a t i n g a r e a Characteristic Angle Max torque line Zero torque line VG polarizing quant...

Page 297: ... levels should be greater than minimum level If they are not greater than minimum level Timer is blocked In Neg seq volt polarization selection using Pol signal Sel if the amplitude of the negative sequence current is greater than Min trip current value and negative sequence voltage amplitude is greater than Min trip voltage value then enable signal is sent to the Timer In Measured VG or Calculate...

Page 298: ...ted residual current or Neutral current RCA_CTL BOOL FALSE Relay characteristic angle control BLOCK BOOL FALSE Block signal for all binary outputs Name Type Default Description IG_AMPL REAL 0 0 Measured residual current or Ground current amplitude IG_ANGL REAL 0 0 Measured residual current or Ground current phase angle IN_AMPL REAL 0 0 Calculated residual current or Neutral current amplitude IN_AN...

Page 299: ...on Min reverse angle 0 180 1 Deg 88 Minimum phase angle in reverse direction Characteristic angle 179 180 1 Deg 60 Characteristic angle Release delay time 0 1000 1 ms 10 Release delay time Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 enable 1 enable Operation Disable Enable 5 disable Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 1 20 Reset delay time Min trip current 0 01 1 00 xln 0 01 0 1 Minim...

Page 300: ... the three phase current measuring function using a thermal model with first order thermal loss with the settable time constant If the temperature rise continues the function will operate based on the thermal model of the line Re energizing of the line after a thermal overload operation can be inhibited for a time to allow the line to cool The time for the line to cool is estimated by the thermal ...

Page 301: ...temperature estimation and the ambient temperature value used in the calculation is also available in the monitored data as TEMP_AMB If the final temperature estimation is larger than the set Maximum temperature the PICKUP output is activated Current reference and Temperature rise setting values are used in the final temperature estimation together with the ambient temperature It is suggested to s...

Page 302: ...e monitored data view as T_TRIP in seconds Equation 15 After operating caused by the thermal overload protection function there can be a lockout to reconnect the tripped circuit The lockout output BLK_CLOSE is activated at the same time when the TRIP output is activated and is not reset until the device temperature has cooled down below the set value of the Reclose temperature setting BLK_CLOSE wo...

Page 303: ...rs will increase If the temperature of the lines and cables becomes too high it can cause damage For example The sag of overhead lines can reach an unacceptable value An aluminum conductor will be destroyed if the temperature becomes too high Overheating can damage the insulation on cables which in turn increase the risk of phase to phase or phase to ground faults In stressed situations in the pow...

Page 304: ...fault Description Env temperature set 50 100 C 1 40 Ambient temperature Current multiplier 1 5 1 1 Current multiplier when function is used for parallel lines Current reference 0 05 4 00 xIn 0 01 1 00 The load current leading to Temperature raise temperature Temperature raise 0 0 200 0 C 0 1 75 0 End temperature rise above ambient Time constant 60 60000 s 1 2700 Time constant of the line in second...

Page 305: ...IP INT32 0 600000 ms Estimated time to trip T_ENA_CLOSE INT32 0 600000 ms Estimated time to deactivate BLK_CLOSE TEMP_AMB FLOAT32 99 999 C The ambient temperature used in the calculation 49F Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz Current measurement 1 5 of the set value or 0 002...

Page 306: ...rmer cooling is estimated with a thermal model 4 5 2 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of three phase thermal overload two time constant protection can be described using a module diagram All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections Figure 143 Functio...

Page 307: ...asured phase current with the highest TRMS value Iref the set value of the Current reference setting rated current of the protected object Tref the set value of the Temperature rise setting temperature rise setting C with the steady state current Iref p the set value of the Weighting factor p setting weighting factor for the short time constant Δt time step between the calculation of the actual te...

Page 308: ...iated from the value defined with the Initial temperature setting This is done when the IED is powered up or the function is disabled and enable or reset through the Clear menu The temperature is stored in a non volatile memory and restored if the IED is restarted The Max temperature setting defines the maximum temperature of the transformer in degrees Celsius C The value of the Max temperature se...

Page 309: ...thout any risks The thermal overload protection provides information and makes temporary overloading of transformers possible The permissible load level of a power transformer is highly dependent on the transformer cooling system The two main principles are ONAN The air is naturally circulated to the coolers without fans and the oil is naturally circulated without pumps OFAF The coolers have fans ...

Page 310: ...t is a single time constant it can be converted to two time constants The single time constant is also used by itself if the p factor Weighting factor p setting is set to zero and the time constant value is set to the value of the Long time constant setting The thermal image corresponds to the one time constant model in that case Table 299 Conversion table between one and two time constants The de...

Page 311: ...asurement available Current reference 0 05 4 00 xI n 0 0 1 1 00 The load current leading to Temperature raise temperature Temperature rise 0 0 200 0 C 0 1 78 0 End temperature rise above ambient Maximum temperature 0 0 200 0 C 0 1 105 0 Temperature level for trip Operate temperature 80 0 120 0 0 1 100 0 Trip temperature percent value Alarm temperature 40 0 100 0 0 1 90 0 Alarm temperature percent ...

Page 312: ...ted time to operate in seconds T_ENA_CLOSE INT32 0 60000 s Estimated time to deactivate InhRec in seconds TEMP_AMB FLOAT32 99 999 C The ambient temperature used in the calculation 49T Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz Current measurement 1 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In a...

Page 313: ...educes cooling 49M prevents an electric motor from drawing excessive current and overheating which causes the premature insulation failures of the windings and in worst cases burning out of the motors 4 5 3 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the motor thermal overload p...

Page 314: ...he FLC Only mode no internal FLC is calculated Instead the FLC given in the data sheet of the manufacturer is used When the value of the Env temperature mode setting is set to Set Amb Temp mode internal FLC is calculated based on the ambient temperature taken as input through the Env temperature Set setting Table 306 Modification of internal FLC The ambient temperature is used for calculating ther...

Page 315: ...uence current k set value of Overload factor K2 set value of Negative Seq factor p set value of Weighting factor τ time constant The equation ΘB is used when the values of all the phase currents are below the overload limit that is k x Ir The equation ΘA is used when the value of any one of the phase currents exceeds the overload limit During overload condition the thermal level calculator calcula...

Page 316: ...l setting The temperature calculation is initiated from the value defined in the Initial thermal Val setting This is done if the IED is powered up or the function is disable and enable back or reset through the Clear menu The calculated temperature of the protected object relative to the operate level the TEMP_RL output is available through the monitored data view The activation of the BLOCK input...

Page 317: ...through the monitored data view from the T_ENARESTART output The T_ENARESTART output estimates the time for the BLK_RESTAR deactivation considering as if the motor is stopped On the rising edge of the emergency start signal START_EMERG increases the thermal level is set to a value below the thermal restart inhibit level This allows at least one motor startup even though the thermal level has excee...

Page 318: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 4 Protection functions 615 series ANSI 311 Technical Manual Figure 148 Trip curves when no prior load and p 20 100 Overload factor 1 05 Tau 3840 1920 960 640 480 320 160 80 s ...

Page 319: ...Section 4 1MAC050144 MB C Protection functions 312 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 149 Trip curves at prior load 1 x FLC and p 100 Overload factor 1 05 Tau 3840 1920 960 80 160 320 480 640 s ...

Page 320: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 4 Protection functions 615 series ANSI 313 Technical Manual Figure 150 Trip curves at prior load 1 x FLC and p 50 Overload factor 1 05 Tau 3840 1920 960 640 480 320 160 80 s ...

Page 321: ...dition of the motor The value of the Weighting factor p setting determines the ratio of the thermal increase of the two curves The Weighting factor p 100 percent it produces a pure single time constant thermal unit which is used for application with the cables As presented in Figure 151 the hot curve with the value of Weighting factor p 100 percent only allows an operate time which is about 10 per...

Page 322: ...For motor applications where for example two hot starts are allowed instead of three cold starts the value of the setting Weighting factor p 40 percent has proved to be useful Setting the value of Weighting factor p significantly below 50 percent should be handled carefully as there is a possibility to overload the protected object as a thermal unit might allow too many hot starts or the thermal h...

Page 323: ...es ANSI Technical Manual Figure 151 The influence of Weighting factor p at prior load 1xFLC timeconstant 640 sec and Overload factor 1 05 t s 1000 100 500 200 50 10 20 5 1 2 3 4 30 40 300 400 2000 3000 4000 1 2 3 4 5 10 6 8 I Iq 1 05 p 20 50 75 100 x Cold curve ...

Page 324: ...ces in other connected loads in the same busbar can also affect the motor A voltage unbalance typically produces 5 to 7 times higher current unbalance Because the thermal overload protection is based on the highest TRMS value of the phase current the additional heating in stator winding is automatically taken into account For more accurate thermal modeling the Negative Seq factor setting is used f...

Page 325: ...estart disable level must be set to below 100 percent 45 percent 55 percent for example to 50 percent 100 percent 45 percent margin where margin is 5 percent Setting the thermal alarm level Tripping due to high overload is avoided by reducing the load of the motor on a prior alarm The value of Alarm thermal value is set to a level which allows the use of the full thermal capacity of the motor with...

Page 326: ...level above which function gives an alarm Restart thermal Val 20 0 80 0 0 1 40 0 Thermal level above which function inhibits motor restarting Negative Seq factor 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 0 Heating effect factor for negative sequence current Weighting factor p 20 0 100 0 0 1 50 0 Weighting factor p Time constant normal 80 4000 s 1 320 Motor time constant during the normal operation of motor Time constant sta...

Page 327: ...eginning of motor startup THERMLEV_END FLOAT32 0 00 9 99 Thermal level at the end of motor startup situation T_ENARESTART INT32 0 99999 s Estimated time to reset of block restart 49M Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status THERM LEV FLOAT32 0 00 9 99 Thermal level of protected object 1 00 is the operate level Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency ...

Page 328: ...ection optionally for a temporary time period to avoid an unnecessary disconnection of the motor during the external faults that have a fault current with high DC currents 87M also includes a CT saturation based blocking which prevents unnecessary tripping in case of the detection of the magnetizing inrush currents which can be present at the switching operations overvoltages or external faults 4 ...

Page 329: ...tice some differential current exists due to inaccuracies in the current transformer on the phase and neutral sides but it is very small during normal conditions The module calculates the differential current for all three phases The restrained differential protection is designed to be secured for an external fault with a restraining current Restraining means that the differential current required...

Page 330: ...Ts for example due to burden differences may lead to a differential current which can cause a differential protection to trip This module blocks the operation of 87M biased low stage internally in case of the CT saturation Once the blocking is activated it is held for a certain time after the blocking conditions have ceased to be fulfilled DC component detection On detection of a DC component the ...

Page 331: ...to the internal faults or some false reason In case of detection of the TF DC or CT saturation the internal differential blocking signal is generated which in turn blocks the operating signal In case of internal faults the operation of the differential protection is affected by the bias current The Low trip value setting for the stabilized stage of the function block is determined with the equatio...

Page 332: ...ercent which means that an increase in the differential current is equal to the corresponding increase in the stabilizing current The required differential current for tripping at a certain stabilizing current level can be calculated using the formulae For a stabilizing current lower than End section 1 Equation 29 For a stabilizing current higher than End section 1 but lower than End section 2 Equ...

Page 333: ...he waveform blocking functionality the INT_BLKD output is activated according to the phase information The phase angle difference between the two currents I_A1 and I_A2 is theoretically 180 electrical degrees for the external fault and 0 electrical degrees for the internal fault conditions If the phase angle difference is less than 50 electrical degrees or if the biasing current drops below 30 per...

Page 334: ...the winding i e the current entering the winding is compared with the current going out of the winding In case of any internal fault the current entering and leaving the winding will be different resulting into differential current which is use as base for generating trip signal Due to this principle differential protection do not trip during external faults However it should be noted that inter t...

Page 335: ...rrent is fed from the machine In order to combine fast fault clearance sensitivity and selectivity the machine current differential protection is normally the best alternative for phase to phase short circuits The risk of unwanted operation of the differential protection caused by current transformer saturation is as universal differential protection problem If the big synchronous machine is tripp...

Page 336: ...mmetric fault current without saturating within the next 8 33ms after the occurrence of the fault to secure that the trip times of the IED comply with the retardation time The accuracy limit factors corresponding to the actual burden of the phase current transformer to be used in differential protection shall fulfill the following requirement Equation 33 Ikmax The maximum through going fault curre...

Page 337: ... must be stable also during re energization against a fault on the line In this case existence of remanence is very probable It is assumted to be 40 percent here On the other hand the fault current is now smaller and since the ratio of the resistance and reactance is greater in this location having a full DC offset is not possible Furthermore the DC time constant Tdc of the fault current is now sm...

Page 338: ...mportant that the accuracy limit factors Fa of the phase current transformers at both sides correspond with each other that is the burdens of the current transformers on both sides are to be as equal as possible Should high inrush or start currents with high DC components pass through the protected object when it is connected to the network special attention is required for the performance and the...

Page 339: ...SI Technical Manual Figure 156 Connection of current transformer of Type 1 Figure 157 Connection of current transformer of Type 2 N I_A2 I_B2 I_C2 I_A1 I_B1 I_C1 N I_A2 I_B2 I_C2 N N I_A1 I_B1 I_C1 N I_A2 I_B2 I_C2 I_A1 I_B1 I_C1 N N I_A1 I_B1 I_C1 I_A2 I_B2 I_C2 N ...

Page 340: ...t will also cause the flux to increase until eventually the CT saturates This is known as DC saturation Figure 158 AC Saturation When having a short circuit in a power line the short circuit current contains a DC component The magnitude of the DC component depends on the phase angle when the short circuit occurs Figure 159 shows the secondary current of the CT in the fault situation Because of the...

Page 341: ...ed stage BLK_OPR_HS BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks trip outputs from instantaneous stage Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip OPR_LS BOOLEAN Trip from low set OPR_HS BOOLEAN Trip from high set INT_BLKD BOOLEAN Internal block status Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Low trip value 5 30 Ir 1 5 Basic setting for the restrained start High trip value 100 1000 Ir 10 500 Unrestrained trip v...

Page 342: ... block status phase A 1 True INT_BLKD_B BOOLEAN 0 False Internal block status phase B 1 True INT_BLKD_C BOOLEAN 0 False Internal block status phase C 1 True ID_A FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 xIr Differential current phase A ID_B FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 xIr Differential current phase B ID_C FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 xIr Differential current phase C IB_A FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 xIr Biasing current phase A IB_B FLOAT32 0 00 80...

Page 343: ...est blocked 5 off IA diff FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured differential current amplitude phase IA IB diff FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured differential current amplitude phase IB IC diff FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured differential current amplitude phase IC IA bias FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured bias current amplitude phase IA IB bias FLOAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured bias current amplitude phase IB IC bias FLOAT32 0 ...

Page 344: ...restraint ensures that the restrained differential does not trip on apparent differential current caused by a harmless transformer over excitation The unrestrained differential provides a very fast clearance of severe internal faults with a high differential current regardless of their harmonics The setting characteristic can be set more sensitive with the aid of tap changer position compensation ...

Page 345: ...nual Figure 161 Functional module diagram I_x1 and I_x2 represent the phase currents of winding 1 and winding 2 Differential calculation 87T operates phase wise on a difference of incoming and outgoing currents The positive direction of the currents is towards the protected object ...

Page 346: ...tion 36 If the restraining current drops below 30 percent of the differential current or if the phase angle between the winding 1 and winding 2 phase currents is less than 50 degrees a fault has most certainly occurred in the area protected by the differential IED Then the trip value set for the unrestrained differential is automatically halved and the internal blocking signals of the restrained d...

Page 347: ...rents actually flowing in the windings In this example there is no neutral current on either side of the transformer assuming there are no grounding transformers installed In the previous example however the matching is done differently to have the winding 1 neutral current compensated at the same time Zero sequence component elimination If Clock number is Clk Num 4 Clk Num 6 Clk Num 8 or Clk Num ...

Page 348: ...ger position The position of the tap changer used for voltage control can be compensated and the position information is provided for the protection function through the tap position indication function 84T Typically the tap changer is located within the high voltage winding that is winding 1 of the power transformer The Tapped winding parameter specifies whether the tap changer is connected to th...

Page 349: ... reason the automatic tap changer position adaptation does not try to adapt to any unrealistic position values Figure 163 Simplified presentation of the high voltage and medium voltage windings with demonstration of the Max winding tap Min winding tap and Tap nominal parameters The position value is available through the Monitored data view on LHMI or through other communication tools in the tap p...

Page 350: ...r each phase using the original ratios of the phases The latter option is used here The second harmonic ratios I_2H_RAT_x are given in monitored data The ratio to be used for second harmonic blocking is therefore calculated as a weighted average on the basis of the ratios calculated from the differential currents of the three phases The ratio of the concerned phase is of most weight compared to th...

Page 351: ...ratios I_5H_RAT_x are given in monitored data At dangerous levels of overvoltage which can cause damage to the transformer the blocking can be automatically eliminated If the ratio of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental component of the differential current exceeds the Stop value 5 H parameter the blocking removal is enabled The enabling and disabling of deblocking feature is also done through ...

Page 352: ...e biased because the possible appearance of a differential current can be due to something else than an actual fault in the transformer or generator In the case of transformer protection a false differential current can be caused by CT errors Varying tap changer positions if not automatically compensated Transformer no load current Transformer inrush currents Transformer overexcitation in overvolt...

Page 353: ...strained differential is determined by Low trip value Slope section 2 and the setting of the second turning point of the operating characteristic curve End section 2 the first turning point and the slope of the last part of the characteristic are fixed The settings are the same for all the phases When the differential current exceeds the operating value determined by the operating characteristic t...

Page 354: ...he restrained differential is blocked by the waveform blocking functionality the BLKDWAV output is activated according to the phase information When required the trip outputs of the restrained low stage can be blocked by the BLK_OPR_LS or BLOCK external control signals Figure 166 Operation characteristic for restrained operation of 87T The Low trip value of the restrained differential function is ...

Page 355: ...e transformer increases as well In general the magnetic flux density of the transformer is rather high at rated voltage and a rise in voltage by a few percent causes the magnetizing current to increase by tens of percent This should be considered in Low trip value In section 2 where End section 1 Ib In End section 2 is called the influence area of Slope section 2 In this section variations in the ...

Page 356: ...ing The corresponding parameter values are TRUE and FALSE The unrestrained differential trips and the output OPR_HS is activated when the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the differential current exceeds the set High trip value or when the differential current exceeds 2 5 times the value of High trip value The factor 2 5 1 8 x _2 is due to the maximum asymmetric short circuit cu...

Page 357: ...ined and HS to Unrestrained The TRIP output is activated always when the OPR_HS output activates The internal blocking signals of the differential function do not prevent the trip signal of the unrestrained differential function When required the trip outputs of the unrestrained differential function can be blocked by the BLK_OPR_HS and BLOCK external control signals ...

Page 358: ...ore External blocking functionality 87T has three inputs for blocking When the BLOCK input is active TRUE the operation of the function is blocked but measurement output signals are still updated When the BLK_OPR_LS input is active TRUE 87T operates normally except that the OPR_LS output is not active or activated in any circumstance Additionally the TRIP output can be activated only by the unrest...

Page 359: ...nsformer 87T should never trip to faults outside the protective zone 87T compares the current flowing into the transformer to the current leaving the transformer A correct analysis of fault conditions by 87T must consider the changes to voltages currents and phase angles The traditional transformer differential protection functions required auxiliary transformers for the correction of the phase sh...

Page 360: ...CTs per phase must be summed by connecting the two CTs of each phase in parallel Generally this requires the interposing CTs to handle the vector group and or ratio mismatch between the two windings feeders The accuracy limit factor for the interposing CT must fulfill the same requirements as the main CTs Please note that the interposing CT imposes an additional burden to the main CTs The most imp...

Page 361: ...be calculated on both sides when the apparent power and phase to phase voltage are known Equation 42 InT rated load of the power transformer Sn rated power of the power transformer Vn rated phase to phase voltage Next the settings for the CT ratio correction can be calculated Equation43 After the CT ratio correction the measured currents and corresponding setting values of 87T are expressed in mul...

Page 362: ... 687 3 A 1 45 Vector group matching and elimination of the zero sequence component The vector group of the power transformer is numerically matched on the high voltage and low voltage sides by means of the Winding 1 type Winding 2 type and Clock number settings Thus no interposing CTs are needed if there is only a power transformer inside the protected zone The matching is based on phase shifting ...

Page 363: ... Not needed Yy6 Y y Clk Num 6 Not needed YNy6 YN y Clk Num 6 HV side YNyn6 YN yn Clk Num 6 HV LV side Yyn6 Y yn Clk Num 6 LV side Yy8 Y y Clk Num 8 Not needed YNy8 YN y Clk Num 8 Not needed YNyn8 YN yn Clk Num 8 Not needed Yyn8 Y yn Clk Num 8 Not needed Yy10 Y y Clk Num 10 Not needed YNy10 YN y Clk Num 10 Not needed YNyn10 YN yn Clk Num 10 Not needed Yyn10 Y yn Clk Num 10 Not needed Yd1 Y d Clk Nu...

Page 364: ...YNz7 YN z Clk Num 7 Not needed YNzn7 YN zn Clk Num 7 LV side Yzn7 Y zn Clk Num 7 Not needed Yz11 Y z Clk Num 11 Not needed YNz11 YN z Clk Num 11 Not needed YNzn11 YN zn Clk Num 11 LV side Yzn11 Y zn Clk Num 11 Not needed Zy1 Z y Clk Num 1 Not needed Zyn1 Z yn Clk Num 1 Not needed ZNyn1 ZN yn Clk Num 1 HV side ZNy1 ZN y Clk Num 1 Not needed Zy5 Z y Clk Num 5 Not needed Zyn5 Z yn Clk Num 5 Not neede...

Page 365: ...ded Zd4 Z d Clk Num 4 Not needed ZNd4 ZN d Clk Num 4 Not needed Zd6 Z d Clk Num 6 Not needed ZNd6 ZN d Clk Num 6 HV side Zd8 Z d Clk Num 8 Not needed ZNd8 ZN d Clk Num 8 Not needed Zd10 Z d Clk Num 10 Not needed ZNd10 ZN d Clk Num 10 Not needed Zz0 Z z Clk Num 0 Not needed ZNz0 ZN z Clk Num 0 HV side ZNzn0 ZN zn Clk Num 0 HV LV side Zzn0 Z zn Clk Num 0 LV side Zz2 Z z Clk Num 2 Not needed ZNz2 ZN ...

Page 366: ...needed Yyn2 Y yn Clk Num 2 Not needed Yy4 Y y Clk Num 4 Not needed YNy4 YN y Clk Num 4 Not needed YNyn4 YN yn Clk Num 4 Not needed Yyn4 Y yn Clk Num 4 Not needed Yy6 Y y Clk Num 6 Not needed YNy6 YN y Clk Num 6 HV side YNyn6 YN yn Clk Num 6 HV LV side Yyn6 Y yn Clk Num 6 LV side Yy8 Y y Clk Num 8 Not needed YNy8 YN y Clk Num 8 Not needed YNyn8 YN yn Clk Num 8 Not needed Yyn8 Y yn Clk Num 8 Not nee...

Page 367: ...ed Yz1 Y z Clk Num 1 Not needed YNz1 YN z Clk Num 1 Not needed YNzn1 YN zn Clk Num 1 LV side Yzn1 Y zn Clk Num 1 Not needed Yz5 Y z Clk Num 5 Not needed YNz5 YN z Clk Num 5 Not needed YNzn5 YN zn Clk Num 5 LV side Yzn5 Y zn Clk Num 5 Not needed Yz7 Y z Clk Num 7 Not needed YNz7 YN z Clk Num 7 Not needed YNzn7 YN zn Clk Num 7 LV side Yzn7 Y zn Clk Num 7 Not needed Yz11 Y z Clk Num 11 Not needed YNz...

Page 368: ...w in both the high voltage and low voltage windings The commissioning signals can be provided by other means as well The minimum current to allow for phase current and angle monitoring is 0 015 Ir Figure 173 Low voltage test arrangement The three phase low voltage source can be the station service transformer The Tapped winding control setting parameter has to be set to Not in use to make sure tha...

Page 369: ...es not match Clock number This means that the resulting connection group is not supported Example IIf Winding 1 type is set to Y Winding 2 type is set to y and Clock number is set to Clk num 1 the resulting connection group Yy1 is not a supported combination Similarly if Winding 1 type is set to Y Winding 2 type is set to d and Clock number is set to Clk num 0 the resulting connection group Yd0 is...

Page 370: ...ed current of 1A while the repeatability simultaneously improves At faults occurring in the protected area the currents may be very high compared to the rated currents of the current transformers Due to the instantaneous stage of the differential function block it is sufficient that the current transformers are capable of repeating the current required for instantaneous tripping during the first c...

Page 371: ...hermal stress and therefore re energizing is not preferred in this case Thus the remanence can be neglected The maximum through going fault current Ikmax is typically 10 IR for a substation main transformer At a short circuit fault close to the supply transformer the DC time constant Tdc of the fault current is almost the same as that of the transformer the typical value being 100 ms Ikmax 10 IR T...

Page 372: ...factor of the CT Fa IrCT IrTR Fn actual accuracy limit factor due to oversizing the CT 1500 1000 30 45 In 87T it is important that the accuracy limit factors Fa of the phase current transformers at both sides correspond with each other that is the burdens of the current transformers on both sides are to be as equal as possible If high inrush or pickup currents with high DC components pass through ...

Page 373: ...onnection of current transformers of Type 1 and example of the currents during an external fault Figure 175 Connection of current transformers of Type 2 and example of the currents during an external fault The CT secondary currents often differ from the rated current at the rated load of the power ...

Page 374: ...B primary current I_C1 SIGNAL 0 Phase C primary current I_A2 SIGNAL 0 Phase A secondary current I_B2 SIGNAL 0 Phase B secondary current I_C2 SIGNAL 0 Phase C secondary current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block BLK_OPR_LS BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks trip outputs from Restrained stage BLK_OPR_HS BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks trip outputs from Unrestrained stage Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip combined OPR_LS ...

Page 375: ...he operating characteristics Restraint Mode 1 2 h 5 h wav 5 Waveform 6 2 h waveform 7 5 h waveform 1 2 h 5 h wav Restraint Mode Harmonic deblock 2 H 0 False 1 True 1 True Selects if the 2 harmonic deblocking is allowed in case of switch on to a fault Allow Do not allow Pickup value 2 H 7 20 1 15 The ratio of the 2 harmonic to fundamental component required for blocking Pickup value 5 H 10 50 1 35 ...

Page 376: ...nated 2 Winding 13 Winding 24 Winding 1 and 2 1 Not eliminated Elimination of the zero sequence current 1 not eliminated 2 on HV only 3 on LV only 4 both on HV and LV Min winding tap 36 36 1 36 The tap position number resulting the minimum number of effective winding turns on the side of the transformer where the tap changer is Max winding tap 36 36 1 0 The tap position number resulting the maximu...

Page 377: ... 0 False 1 True 2nd harmonic restraint block 2nd harmonic block phaseA BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True 2nd harmonic restraint block phase A 2nd harmonic block phaseB BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True 2nd harmonic restraint block phase B 2nd harmonic block phaseC BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True 2nd harmonic restraint block phase C 5th harmonic block BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True 5th harmonic restraint block 5th harmonic block phase A...

Page 378: ...al current second harmonic ratio phase C Angle difference between HV Ph1Ph2 FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle difference between HV Ph1Ph2 Angle difference between HV Ph2Ph3 FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle difference between HV Ph2Ph3 Angle difference between HV Ph3Ph1 FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle difference between HV Ph3Ph1 Angle diff betw LV Ph1Ph2 FLOAT32 180 00 180 00 deg Angle difference be...

Page 379: ...OAT32 0 00 80 00 Measured bias current amplitude phase IL3 Name Type Values Range Unit Description Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 3 0 of the set value or 0 002 x In Pickup time 1 2 1 Current before fault 0 0 fn 60Hz results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the output contact When different...

Page 380: ...ding to the definite time 87LOZREF contains a blocking functionality The neutral current second harmonic is used for blocking during the transformer inrush situation It is also possible to block function outputs timers or the function itself if desired 4 6 3 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and D...

Page 381: ... type is determined by the connection polarities of the current transformer During a ground fault in the protected area the currents ΣI and IG are directed towards the protected area The factor cosφ is 1 when the phase difference of the residual current and the neutral current is 180 degrees that is when the currents are in opposite direction at the ground faults within the protected area Similarl...

Page 382: ...e In in this context refers to the nominal of the phase current inputs When the stabilizing current is higher than 1 0 the slope of the operation characteristic ID IB is constant at 50 percent Different operating characteristics are possible based on the Trip value setting To calculate the directional differential current ID_COSPHI the fundamental frequency amplitude of both the residual and neutr...

Page 383: ... the PICKUP output is deactivated The timer calculates the pickup duration value PICKUP_DUR which indicates the percentage ratio of the pickup situation and the set trip time The value is available through the Monitored data view Blocking logic There are three operation modes in the blocking functionality The operation modes are controlled by the BLOCK input and the global setting Configuration Sy...

Page 384: ...ault in the transformer winding based on the numerical restrained differential current principle Connection of current transformers The connections of the main CTs are designated as Type 1 and Type 2 In case the groundings of the current transformers on the phase side and the neutral side are both either inside or outside the area to be protected the setting parameter CT connection type is Type 1 ...

Page 385: ...uation Internal and external faults 87LOZREF does not respond to any faults outside the protected zone An external fault is detected by checking the phase angle difference of the neutral current and the sum of the phase currents When the difference is less than 90 degrees the operation is internally restrained or blocked Hence the protection is not sensitive to an external fault Figure 182 Current...

Page 386: ... the inrush current represents the differential current which causes the IED to trip almost always when the transformer is connected to the network Typically the inrush current contains a large amount of second harmonics The blocking also prevents unwanted operation at the recovery and sympathetic magnetizing inrushes At the recovery inrush the magnetizing current of the transformer to be protecte...

Page 387: ...ating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip PICKUP BOOLEAN Pickup BLK2H BOOLEAN 2nd harmonic block Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Trip value 5 50 In 1 5 TRip value Minimum trip time 40 300000 ms 1 40 Minimum trip time Restraint mode 1 None 2 Harmonic2 1 None Restraint mode Pickup value 2 H 10 50 In 1 50 The ratio of the 2 harmonic to fundamental component ...

Page 388: ...n current 87LOZREF Enum 1 enabled 2 blocke 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 2 5 of the set value or 0 002 x In Pickup time 1 2 1 Current before fault 0 0 fn 60Hz results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements 2 Includes the delay of the signal output contact Minimum Typical Maximum...

Page 389: ...Section 4 1MAC050144 MB C Protection functions 382 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 390: ...econd harmonic current I_2H and the fundamental frequency current I_1H exceeds the set value The trip time characteristic for the function is of definite time DT type The function contains a blocking functionality Blocking deactivates all outputs and resets timers 5 1 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are En...

Page 391: ...e nominal current Timer Once activated the timer runs until the set Trip delay time value The time characteristic is according to DT When the trip timer has reached the Trip delay time value the BLK2H output is activated After the timer has elapsed and the inrush situation still exists the BLK2H signal remains active until the I_2H I_1H ratio drops below the value set for the ratio in all phases t...

Page 392: ...ring inrush detection The inrush detection function can be used to selectively block overcurrent and ground fault function stages when the ratio of second harmonic component over the fundamental component exceeds the set value Other applications of this function include the detection of inrush in lines connected to a transformer Figure 186 Inrush current in transformer It is recommended to use the...

Page 393: ...mental frequency phase B current I_2H_C SIGNAL 0 Second harmonic phase C current I_1H_C SIGNAL 0 Fundamental frequency phase C current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block input status Name Type Description BLK2H BOOLEAN Second harmonic based block Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description PIckup value 5 100 1 20 Ratio of the 2 to the 1 harmonic leading to restraint Operate delay time 20 60000 m...

Page 394: ...trip function 50BF uses the same levels of current detection for both re trip and back up trip The operating values of the current measuring elements can be set within a predefined setting range The function has two independent timers for trip purposes a re trip timer for the repeated tripping of its own breaker and a back up timer for the trip logic operation for upstream breakers A minimum trip ...

Page 395: ...ng of the value to the retrip and back up trip logics The parameter should be set low enough so that situations with small fault current or high load current can be detected The setting can be chosen in accordance with the most sensitive protection function to start the breaker failure protection Level detector 2 The measured ground current is compared with the set Current value Res If the measure...

Page 396: ...failure mode setting is used to select the mode the breaker fault is detected with In Current mode the detection is based on the current level exceeding In Breaker status mode the detection is based on the closed position of the circuit breaker after a trip signal is issued that is after a long duration of the trip signal In Both mode the detection is based either on the exceeding of Current value...

Page 397: ...setting CB failure mode is used to select the mode the breaker fault is detected with In Current mode the detection is based on the current level exceeding In Breaker status mode the detection is based on the closed position of the circuit breaker after a trip signal is issued that is after a long duration of the trip signal In Both mode the detection is based either on the exceeding of the Curren...

Page 398: ... the maximum time for the breaker failure protection to detect the correct breaker function the current criteria reset tmargin safety margin It is often required that the total fault clearance time is less than the given critical time This time is often dependent on the ability to maintain transient stability in case of a fault close to a power plant Figure 191 Time line of breaker failure protect...

Page 399: ... is initiated by operating different protection functions or digital logics inside the IED It is also possible to initiate the function externally through a binary input 50BF can be blocked by using an internally assigned signal or an external signal from a binary input This signal blocks the function of the breaker failure protection even when the timers have started or the timers are reset The r...

Page 400: ...s Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current I_N SIGNAL 0 Ground current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block CBFP operation PICKUP BOOLEAN 0 False CBFP pickup command POSCLOSE BOOLEAN 0 False CB in closed position CB_FAULT BOOLEAN 0 False CB faulty and unable to trip Name Type Description CB_FAULT_AL BOOLEAN Delayed CB failure alarm...

Page 401: ...urrent 2 Breaker status 3 Both 1 Current Operating mode of function CB fail retrip mode 1 Disabled 2 Without Check 3 Current check 1 Disabled Operating mode of retrip logic Retrip time 0 60000 ms 10 20 Delay timer for retrip CB failure delay 0 60000 ms 10 150 Delay timer for backup trip CB fault delay 0 60000 ms 10 5000 Circuit breaker faulty delay Measurement mode 2 DFT 3 Peak to Peak 2 DFT Phase...

Page 402: ... non latched mode is selected It is also possible to select the latched or lockout mode for the trip signal 5 3 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of a trip logic function can be described by using a module diagram All the blocks in the diagram are explained in the next se...

Page 403: ...mer Lockout logic The user can select the behavior of 86 94 in trip situation with the Trip output mode setting The user can select between three different modes Non latched Latched and Lockout When using the Latched mode the RST_LKOUT input can be used to reset the CB TRIP output The output can be reset also via communication or LHMI The CL_LKOUT output is activated only in the Lockout mode The C...

Page 404: ...tion functions are connected to the TRIP input Usually a logic block OR is required to combine the different function outputs to this input The CB TRIP output is connected to the digital outputs on the IO board This signal can also be used for other purposes within the IED for example when starting the breaker failure protection 86 94 is used for simple three phase tripping applications Figure 195...

Page 405: ...ockout function Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN General trip output signal CL_LKOUT BOOLEAN Circuit breaker lockout output set until reset Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation Disable Enable Trip pulse time 20 60000 ms 1 150 Minimum duration of trip output signal Trip output mode 1 Non latched 2 Latched 3 Lockout 1 Non latched Sele...

Page 406: ... 085 659 B2 August 1 2006 to detect high impedance fault The high impedance fault detector function HIZ also contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs if desired 5 4 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable HIZ uses a multi algorithm approach Each algorithm us...

Page 407: ...ion A major challenge is to develop a data model that acknowledges that high impedance faults could take place at any time within the observation window of the signal and could be delayed randomly and attenuated substantially The model is motivated by extensive research actual experimental observations in the laboratory field testing and what traditionally represents an accurate depiction of a non...

Page 408: ...nce and consequently have very little fault current These high impedance faults do not pose imminent danger to power system equipment However they are a considerable threat to people and property The IEEE Power System Relay Committee working group on High Impedance Fault Detection Technology defines High Impedance Faults as those that do not produce enough fault current to be detectable by convent...

Page 409: ...al for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description TRIP BOOLEAN Trip Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Security level 1 10 1 5 Security Level Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable System type 1 Grounded 2 Ungrounded 1 Grounded System Type Name Type Values Range Unit Description Position Enum 0 ...

Page 410: ...ing situations The function contains a blocking functionality Blocking deactivates all outputs and resets timers 5 5 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the arc flash detector can be described by using a module diagram All the modules in the diagram are explained in the ...

Page 411: ...ET 5 5 5 Application The arc flash detector can be realized as a stand alone function in a single relay or as a station wide arc flash detector including several protection relays If realized as a station wide arc flash detector different tripping schemes can be selected for the operation of the circuit breakers of the incoming and outgoing feeders Consequently the relays in the station can for ex...

Page 412: ... of another relay or by routing the light signal output through the communication to an input of another relay It is possible to block the tripping and the light signal output of the arc flash detector stage with a binary input or a signal from another function block Arc flash detector with one IED In installations with limited possibilities to realize signalling between IEDs protecting incoming a...

Page 413: ...cuit breaker of the outgoing feeder when detecting an arc at the cable terminations If the IED protecting the outgoing feeder detects an arc on the busbar or in the breaker compartment via one of the other lens sensors it will generate a signal to the IED protecting the incoming feeder When detecting the signal the IED protecting the incoming feeder trips the circuit breaker of the incoming feeder...

Page 414: ... with several IEDs and a separate arc flash detector system When realizing an arc flash detector with both IEDs and a separate arc flash detector system the cable terminations of the outgoing feeders are protected by IEDs using one lens sensor for each IED The busbar and the incoming feeder are protected by the sensor loop of the separate arc flash detector system With arc detection at the cable t...

Page 415: ...utgoing feeders Figure 207 Arc flash detector with several IEDs and a separate arc flash detector system 5 5 6 Signals Table 355 AFD Input signals Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current I_G SIGNAL 0 Ground current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for all binary outputs REM_FLT_ARC BOOLEAN 0 False Remote Fault arc detec...

Page 416: ...nt 2 Light only 3 BI controlled 1 Light current Operation mode Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 5 Disable Operation Disable Enable Name Type Values Range Unit Description AFD Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy 3 of the set value or 0 01 x In Trip time Minimum Typical Maximum Operatio...

Page 417: ...mit The function operates with the definite time DT characteristics The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs the definite timer or the function itself if desired 5 6 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the multipurpose prote...

Page 418: ...g to DT When the operation timer has reached the value set by Trip delay time the TRIP output is activated If the pickup condition disappears before the module trips the reset timer is activated If the reset timer reaches the value set by Reset delay time the operation timer resets and the PICKUP output is deactivated The timer calculates the pickup duration value PICKUP_DUR which indicates the ra...

Page 419: ... input that detects too high temperatures in the motor bearings or windings for example When the ENA_ADD input is enabled the threshold value of the internal comparator is the sum of the Pickup Value Add and Pickup Value settings This allows a temporal increase or decrease of the level detector depending on the sign and value of the Pickup Value Add setting for example when the emergency start is ...

Page 420: ...ion Operation 1 enable 1 enable Operation Enable Disable 5 disable Operation mode 1 Over 1 Over Operation mode 2 Under Reset delay time 0 60000 ms 100 0 Reset delay time Absolute hysteresis 0 01 100 00 0 0 1 Absolute hysteresis for operation Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time MAP Enum 1 on Status 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 o...

Page 421: ...ating the blocking modeactivting IEC name ANSI Name Type Description OPERATE BOOL Operate START BOOL Start IEC name ANSI Name Value Range Unit Default Description Start value 10000 0 10000 0 FLOAT32 0 0 Start value Start value Add 100 0 100 0 FLOAT32 0 0 Added value to start value Operate delay time 0 200000 FLOAT32 0 Operate delay time IEC name ANSI Name Value Range Unit Default Description Opera...

Page 422: ...The energy is calculated from the measured input currents as a sum of Iy t values Alarms are generated when the calculated values exceed the threshold settings The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block the function outputs if desired 6 1 4 Operation principle The circuit breaker condition monitoring function includes different metering and monitoring subfunctions The f...

Page 423: ...Manual setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation counters are cleared when Operation is set to Disable The operation of the functions can be described by using a module diagram All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections ...

Page 424: ...17 Technical Manual Figure 211 Functional module diagram 6 1 4 1 Circuit breaker status The circuit breaker status subfunction monitors the position of the circuit breaker that is whether the breaker is in an open closed or intermediate position The operation of the ...

Page 425: ...rent is zero The circuit breaker is closed when the POSOPEN input is low and the POSCLOSE input is high The breaker is in the intermediate position if both the auxiliary contacts have the same value that is both are in the logical level 0 or if the auxiliary input contact POSCLOSE is low and the POSOPEN input is high but the current is not zero The status of the breaker is indicated with the binar...

Page 426: ...alarm is activated can be set with the parameter as coordinates of UTC The alarm signal can be blocked by activating the binary input BLOCK 6 1 4 3 Breaker contact travel time The breaker contact travel time module calculates the breaker contact travel time for the closing and opening operation The operation of the breaker contact travel time measurement can be described by using a module diagram ...

Page 427: ...OP and the closing travel time T_TRV_CL are available through the Monitored data view on the LHMI or through tools via communications Alarm limit check When the measured open travel time is longer than the value set with the Open alarm time setting the TRV_T_OP_ALM output is activated Respectively when the measured close travel time is longer than the value set with the Close alarm time setting th...

Page 428: ...r of operations exceeds the value set with the threshold setting However if the number of operations increases further and exceeds the limit value set with the setting the output is activated The binary outputs and are deactivated when the BLOCK input is activated 6 1 4 5 Accumulation of Iy t Accumulation of the Iy t module calculates the accumulated energy The operation of the module can be descr...

Page 429: ...tting to true in the clear menu from WHMI or LHMI Alarm limit check The IPOW_ALM alarm is activated when the accumulated energy exceeds the value set with the Alm Acc currents Pwr threshold setting However when the energy exceeds the limit value set with the LO Acc currents Pwr threshold setting the IPOW_LO output is activated The IPOW_ALM and IPOW_LO outputs can be blocked by activating the binar...

Page 430: ...ectively The remaining life is calculated separately for all three phases and it is available as a monitored data value CB_LIFE_A _B _C The values can be cleared by setting the parameter CB wear values in the clear menu from WHMI or LHMI Alarm limit check When the remaining life of any phase drops below the Life alarm level threshold setting the corresponding circuit breaker life alarm CB_LIFE_ALM...

Page 431: ...t with the Spring charge time setting the subfunction generates the SPR_CHR_ALM alarm It is possible to block the SPR_CHR_ALM alarm signal by activating the BLOCK binary input 6 1 4 8 Gas pressure supervision The gas pressure supervision subfunction monitors the gas pressure inside the arc chamber The operation of the subfunction can be described by using a module diagram All the modules in the di...

Page 432: ...ntact starts opening The auxiliary contact A opens the auxiliary contact B closes and the main contact reaches its opening position During the closing cycle the first main contact starts closing The auxiliary contact B opens the auxiliary contact A closes and the main contact reaches its close position The travel times are calculated based on the state changes of the auxiliary contacts and the add...

Page 433: ...reaker depends on the tripping current and the remaining life of the breaker is estimated from the circuit breaker trip curve provided by the manufacturer Example for estimating the remaining life of a circuit breaker Figure 222 Trip Curves for a typical 12 kV 630 A 16 kA vacuum interrupter Nr the number of closing opening operations allowed for the circuit breaker Ia the current at the time of tr...

Page 434: ...rations Therefore after one operation of 10 kA the remaining life of the circuit breaker is 15 000 60 14 940 at the rated operating current Spring charged indication For normal operation of the circuit breaker the circuit breaker spring should be charged within a specified time Therefore detecting long spring charging time indicates that it is time for the circuit breaker maintenance The last valu...

Page 435: ... operation counter RST_TRV_T BOOLEAN 0 False Reset input for CB closing and opening travel times RST_SPR_T BOOLEAN 0 False Reset input for the charging time of the CB spring Name Type Description TRV_T_OP_ALM BOOLEAN CB open travel time exceeded set value TRV_T_CL_ALM BOOLEAN CB close travel time exceeded set value SPR_CHR_ALM BOOLEAN Spring charging time has crossed the set value OPR_ALM BOOLEAN ...

Page 436: ...5 Corr factor for time dif in aux and main contacts open time Alm Acc currents Pwr 0 00 20000 00 0 01 2500 00 Setting of alarm level for accumulated currents power LO Acc currents Pwr 0 00 20000 00 0 01 2500 00 Lockout limit setting for accumulated currents power Ini Acc currents Pwr 0 00 20000 00 0 01 0 00 Initial value for accumulation energy Iyt Directional Coef 3 00 0 50 0 01 1 50 Directional ...

Page 437: ... inactive CB_LIFE_A INT32 9999 9999 CB Remaining life phase A CB_LIFE_B INT32 9999 9999 CB Remaining life phase B CB_LIFE_C INT32 9999 9999 CB Remaining life phase C IPOW_A FLOAT32 0 00 30000 00 Accumulated currents power Iyt phase A IPOW_B FLOAT32 0 00 30000 00 Accumulated currents power Iyt phase B IPOW_C FLOAT32 0 00 30000 00 Accumulated currents power Iyt phase C 52CM Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked ...

Page 438: ...ng functionality Blocking deactivates the ALARM output and resets the timer 6 2 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of trip circuit monitoring can be described by using a module diagram All the blocks in the diagram are explained in the next sections Figure 224 Functional m...

Page 439: ...n is to connect an external Rext shunt resistor in parallel with the circuit breaker internal contact Although the circuit breaker internal contact is open TCM can see the trip circuit through Rext The Rext resistor should have such a resistance that the current through the resistance remains small that is it does not harm or overload the circuit breaker s trip coil Figure 225 Operating principle ...

Page 440: ...M when the circuit breaker is open Trip circuit monitoring and other trip contacts It is typical that the trip circuit contains more than one trip contact in parallel for example in transformer feeders where the trip of a Buchholz relay is connected in parallel with the feeder terminal and other relays involved The supervising current cannot detect if one or all the other contacts connected in par...

Page 441: ...d way to do the wiring is that the TCM test current flows through all wires and joints as shown in the following figure Figure 228 Improved connection for parallel trip contacts Several trip circuit monitoring functions parallel in circuit Not only the trip circuit often have parallel trip contacts it is also possible that the circuit has multiple TCM circuits in parallel Each TCM circuit causes i...

Page 442: ...coil not the circuit breaker coil The separate trip circuit monitoring relay is applicable for this to supervise the trip coil of the circuit breaker Dimensioning of the external resistor Under normal operating conditions the applied external voltage is divided between the relay s internal circuit and the external trip circuit so that at the minimum 10 V 3 10 V remains over the relay s internal ci...

Page 443: ...g power output contacts without trip circuit monitoring Figure 229 Connection of a power output in a case when TCM is not used and the internal resistor is disconnected Incorrect connections and usage of trip circuit monitoring Although the TCM circuit consists of two separate contacts it must be noted that those are designed to be used as series connected to guarantee the breaking capacity given ...

Page 444: ...the operation of the IED R2 but not to trip the circuit breaker the upper trip contact of the IED R2 is disconnected as shown in the figure while the lower contact is still connected When the IED R2 operates the coil current starts to flow through the internal resistor of the IED R3 and the resistor burns immediately As proven with the previous examples both trip contacts must operate together Att...

Page 445: ...s 6 2 7 Settings Table 380 TCM Non group settings Name Type Default Description BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block input status Name Type Description ALARM BOOLEAN Alarm output Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation Disable Enable Trip delay time 20 300000 ms 1 3000 Operate delay time Reset delay time 20 60000 ms 1 1000 Reset delay time ...

Page 446: ...I_C and it is to be externally summated that is outside the IED CCM detects a fault in the measurement circuit and issues an alarm or blocks the protection functions to avoid unwanted tripping It must be remembered that the blocking of protection functions at an occurring open CT circuit means that the situation remains unchanged and extremely high voltages stress the secondary circuit 6 3 4 Opera...

Page 447: ...ential current monitoring supervises the difference between the summed phase currents I_A I_B and I_C and the reference current I_REF The current operating characteristics can be selected with the Pickup value setting When the highest phase current is less than 1 0 xIn the differential current limit is defined with Pickup value When the highest phase current is more that 1 0 xIn the differential c...

Page 448: ...or through other communication tools The value is calculated with the formula Equation 54 The Pickup value setting is given in units of xIn of the phase current transformer The possible difference in the phase and reference current transformer ratios is internally compensated by scaling I_REF with the value derived from the Primary current setting values These setting parameters can be found in th...

Page 449: ...may result in differences in the secondary currents from the two CT cores Unwanted blocking of protection functions during the transient stage must then be avoided The supervision function must be sensitive and have a short trip time in order to prevent unwanted tripping from fast acting sensitive numerical protections in case of faulty CT secondary circuits Reference current measured with core ba...

Page 450: ...35 Connection diagram for reference current measurement with core balanced current transformer Current measurement with two independent three phase sets of CT cores The figures show diagrams of connections where the reference current is measured with two independent three phase sets of CT cores ...

Page 451: ...rvision with two sets of three phase current transformer protection cores When using the measurement core for reference current measurement it should be noted that the saturation level of the measurement core is much lower than with the protection core This should be taken into account when setting the current circuit supervision function ...

Page 452: ...phase current transformer cores protection and measurement Example of incorrect connection The currents must be measured with two independent cores that is the phase currents must be measured with a different core than the reference current A connection diagram shows an example of a case where the phase currents and the reference currents are measured from the same core ...

Page 453: ...3 6 Signals Table 382 CCM Input signals Table 383 CCM Output signals Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current I_REF SIGNAL 0 Reference current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for all binary outputs Name Type Description FAIL BOOLEAN Fail output ALARM BOOLEAN Alarm output ...

Page 454: ...e 1 Enable Operation Enable Disable Pickup value 0 05 0 20 xIn 0 01 0 05 Minimum trip current differential level Max trip current 1 00 5 00 xIn 0 01 1 50 Block of the function at high phase current Name Type Values Range Unit Description I_DIFF FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Differential current CCM Enum 1 enabled 2 blocked 3 test 4 test blocked 5 disabled Status Characteristic Value Trip time1 1 Includin...

Page 455: ...of the three phase current transformers MCS 3I I2 detects a fault in the measurement circuit and issues an alarm which can be used for blocking the protection functions for example differential protection to avoid unwanted tripping MCS 3I I2 is internally blocked in case of a transformer under no load condition or if a current in any one phase exceeds the set maximum limit 6 4 4 Operation principl...

Page 456: ... protection Min alarm current depends on the no load current rating Typically it can be set equal to the transformer no load current rating 6 4 4 2 CT failure detection This module detects the CT secondary failure in any sets of current transformers The module continuously scans the value of all the three phase currents in all groups of current transformers to detect any sudden drop in the current...

Page 457: ...on When any of the following condition is satisfied the function is internally blocked and the FAIL output is deactivated immediately Magnitude of any phase current for any group of current transformers exceeds the Max alarm current setting The magnitude of phase current is calculated from the peak to peak value Magnitude of the negative sequence current I2 on the healthy set of current transforme...

Page 458: ...ing such condition functions are internally blocked Phase discontinuity A zero current detected due to the phase discontinuity results in an asymmetry in all the sets of the current transformer which then results in a change in the negative sequence current I2 in the healthy set This change in the negative sequence current on the healthy sides that is other than where a zero current has been detec...

Page 459: ...current from set 2 I_A3 SIGNAL 0 Phase A current from set 3 I_B3 SIGNAL 0 Phase B current from set 3 I_C3 SIGNAL 0 Phase C current from set 3 I2_3 SIGNAL 0 Negative sequence current from set 3 BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode Name Type Description FAIL BOOLEAN CT secondary failure FAIL_CTGRP1 BOOLEAN CT secondary failure group 1 FAIL_CTGRP2 BOOLEAN CT secondary f...

Page 460: ...tage protection functions SEQRFUF has two algorithms a negative sequence based algorithm and a delta current and delta voltage algorithm A criterion based on the delta current and the delta voltage measurements can be activated to detect three phase fuse failures which usually are more associated with the voltage transformer switching during station operations Name Type Values Range Unit Descripti...

Page 461: ... A fuse failure based on negative phase sequence criterion is detected if the measured negative phase sequence voltage exceeds the set Neg Seq voltage Lev value and the measured negative phase sequence current is below the set Neg Seq current Lev value The detected fuse failure is reported to the decision logic module Voltage check The phase voltage magnitude is checked when deciding whether the f...

Page 462: ... the value of the Min Op voltage delta setting and the magnitude of I is below the Min Op current delta setting in any phase at the same time since the magnitude of the phase current in the same phase exceeds the Current level setting The first condition requires the delta criterion to be fulfilled in any phase at the same time as the circuit breaker is closed Opening the circuit breaker at one en...

Page 463: ...ase currents are below the Current dead Lin Val setting and the circuit breaker is closed that is CB_CLOSED is TRUE Current and voltage delta function criterion If the current and voltage delta criterion detects a fuse failure condition but all the voltages are not below the Seal in voltage setting only the FUSEF_U output is activated If the fuse failure detection is active for more than five seco...

Page 464: ...e phase or two phase fuse failures However at least one of the three circuits from the voltage transformers must not be broken The supporting delta based function can also detect a fuse failure due to three phase interruptions In the negative sequence component based part of the function a fuse failure is detected by comparing the calculated value of the negative sequence component voltage to the ...

Page 465: ...LEAN General pickup of function Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation Disable Enable Neg Seq current Lev 0 03 0 20 xIn 0 01 0 03 Operate level of neg seq undercurrent element Neg Seq voltage Lev 0 03 0 20 xVn 0 01 0 10 Operate level of neg seq overvoltage element Current change rate 0 01 0 50 xIn 0 01 0 15 Operate level of change in ph...

Page 466: ...teristic Value Trip time1 1 Includes the delay of the signal output contact fn 60 Hz fault voltage with nominal frequency injected from random phase angle results based on statistical distribution of 1000 measurements NPS function VFault 1 1 x set Neg Seq voltage Lev 33 ms VFault 5 0 x set Neg Seq voltage Lev 18 ms Delta function ΔV 1 1 x set Voltage change rate 30 ms ΔV 2 0 x set Voltage change r...

Page 467: ...the locked rotor condition of the motor using the speed switch which means checking if the rotor is able to rotate or not This feature trips after a predefined operating time 66 51LRS also protects the motor from an excessive number of startups Upon exceeding the specified number of startups within certain duration 66 51LRS blocks further starts The restart of the motor is also inhibited after eac...

Page 468: ...ED input In the IIt stall mode the function calculates the thermal stress of the motor during the startup condition In this mode the startup condition is detected by monitoring the TRMS currents In the IIt stall mode the function also checks for motor stalling by monitoring the speed switch In the IIt stall CB mode the function calculates the thermal stresses of the motor during the startup condit...

Page 469: ...vated and at least one phase current value exceeds the Motor standstill A setting But in normal practice these two events do not take place at the same instant that is the CB main contact is closed first in which case the phase current value rises above 0 1 pu and after some delay the CB auxiliary contact gives the information of the CB_CLOSED input In some cases the CB_CLOSED input can be active ...

Page 470: ...ervision functions 615 series ANSI 463 Technical Manual Figure 247 Functionality of startup supervision in IIt CB mode and IIt and stall CB mode The Str over delay time setting has different purposes in different modes of operation ...

Page 471: ...tartup causes a rapid heating of the rotor This module calculates the thermal stress developed in the motor during startup The heat developed during the starting can be calculated using the formula Equation 55 Rs combined rotor and stator resistance is starting current of the motor t starting time of the motor This equation is normally represented as the integral of I t It is a commonly used metho...

Page 472: ...ock rotor time the OPR_STALL output is activated The module calculates the duration of the motor in stalling condition the STALL_RL output indicating the percent ratio of the start situation and the set value of Lock rotor time The value is available through the monitored data view The BLOCK input signal is used to block the operation of the OPR_STALL output The activation of the BLOCK input reset...

Page 473: ...peration of the LOCK_START output The activation of the BLOCK input resets the complete operation of the cumulative startup counter module 6 6 5 Application When a motor is started it draws a current well in excess of the motor s full load rating throughout the period it takes for the motor to run up to the rated speed The motor starting current decreases as the motor speed increases and the value...

Page 474: ...ors is less than the full load current and therefore it is advisable to use the circuit breaker in the closed position to indicate the starting for such type of motors The starting times vary depending on motor design and load torque characteristics The time taken may vary from less than two seconds to more than 60 seconds The starting time is determined for each application When the permissible s...

Page 475: ... within 4 hours and the startup situation time is 60 seconds By initiating three successive starts we reach the situation as illustrated As a result the value of the register adds up to a total of 180 seconds Right after the third start has been initiated the output lock of start of motor is activated and the fourth start will not be allowed provided the time limit has been set to 121 seconds Furt...

Page 476: ...se Input showing the status of motor circuit breaker STALL_IND BOOLEAN 0 False Input signal for showing the motor is not stalling ST_EMERG_ENA BOOLEAN 0 False Enable emergency start to disable lock of start of motor Name Type Description OPR_IIT BOOLEAN Trip signal for thermal stress OPR_STALL BOOLEAN Trip signal for stalling protection MOT_START BOOLEAN Signal to show that motor startup is in pro...

Page 477: ...till condition Name Type Values Range Unit Description START_CNT INT32 0 999999 Number of motor start ups occurred START_TIME FLOAT32 0 0 999 9 s Measured motor latest startup time in sec T_ST_CNT FLOAT32 0 0 99999 9 s Cumulated start up time in sec T_RST_ENA INT32 0 999 min Time left for restart when lockstart is enabled in minutes IIT_RL FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Thermal stress relative to set maximum...

Page 478: ...unction also determines whether the self clearing fault is observed in all the three phases or not This function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block the function outputs or the function itself if desired 6 7 4 Operation principle The Operation setting is used to enable or disable the function When selected On the function is enabled and respectively Off means function is disa...

Page 479: ...ase A in above paragraph by comparing I_B and I_C magnitudes with the set value PhPu and by checking the time duration If the fault is detected in phase B or phase C the DetectfaultPhB or respectively DetectfaultPhC in monitored data are set to TRUE If the time duration criterion fails for phase B or phase C the corresponding PickUpNoTripB or PickUpNoTripC in monitored data is set to TRUE Once the...

Page 480: ...e and during this period if other two phases have detected a fault the event is considered as three phase event and the Event3Ph in monitored data is set to TRUE Activation of the BLOCK input deactivates all the binary outputs 6 7 5 Signals Table 403 CFD Input signals Table 404 CFD Output signals Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 P...

Page 481: ...Operation Disable Enable Name Type Values Range Unit Description PICKUP BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Pickup TRIP BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Trip PICKUP_DUR FLOAT32 0 00 100 00 Ratio of pickup time trip time SCDetect BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True SC Fault detect Event3Ph BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Three phase event PickUpNoTripA BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Pick up no trip Phase A PickUpNoTripB BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Pick up...

Page 482: ...nt like motors It indicates the use of the machine and hence the mechanical wear and tear Generally the equipment manufacturers provide a maintenance schedule based on the number of hours of service 6 8 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the generic operation time count...

Page 483: ...imed Warn Alm the WARNING and ALARM outputs are activated at the time of day set using Operating time hour The function contains a blocking functionality Activation of the BLOCK input blocks both WARNING and ALARM 6 8 5 Application The machine operating time since commissioning indicates the use of the machine For example the mechanical wear and lubrication requirement for the shaft bearing of the...

Page 484: ... operation time exceeds Warning value Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation Off On Warning value 0 299999 h 1 8000 Warning value for operation time supervision Alarm value 0 299999 h 1 10000 Alarm value for operation time supervision Initial value 0 299999 h 1 0 Initial value for operation time supervision Operating time hour 0 23 h 1 ...

Page 485: ...Section 6 1MAC050144 MB C Supervision functions 478 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 486: ...850 7 4 standard with logical nodes CILO CSWI and XCBR The circuit breaker control function has an operation counter for closing and opening cycles The operator can read and write the counter value remotely from an operator place or via LHMI 7 1 4 Operation principle Status indication and validity check The object state is defined by two digital inputs POSOPEN and POSCLOSE which are also available...

Page 487: ...PEN and ENA_CLOSE input states However the BLK_OPEN and BLK_CLOSE input signals are not bypassed with the interlocking bypass functionality since they always have higher priority Open and close operations The corresponding open and close operations are available via communication binary inputs or LHMI commands As a prerequisite for control commands there are enable and block functionalities for bo...

Page 488: ...nd interlocking signals can be transferred with a bus All secured control operations require two step commands a selection step and an execution step The secured object control is responsible for the following tasks Command authority ensures that the command source is authorized to operate the object Mutual exclusion ensures that only one command source at a time can control the object Interlockin...

Page 489: ...pecially in modern remotely controlled substations Control and status indication facilities are implemented in the same package with 52 When primary components are controlled in the energizing phase for example the user must ensure that the control commands are executed in a correct sequence This can be achieved for example with interlocking based on the status indication of the related primary co...

Page 490: ...ue Enables closing BLK_OPEN BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks opening BLK_CLOSE BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks opening ITL_BYPASS BOOLEAN 0 False Discards ENA_OPEN and ENA_CLOSE interlocking when TRUE AU_OPEN BOOLEAN 0 False Input signal used to open the breaker1 1 Not available for monitoring AU_CLOSE BOOLEAN 0 False Input signal used to close the breaker POSOPEN BOOLEAN 0 False Signal for open position of apparatu...

Page 491: ... Unit Step Default Description Select timeout 10000 300000 ms 10000 60000 Select timeout in ms Pulse length 10 60000 ms 1 100 Open and close pulse length Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation mode on off test Operation counter 0 10000 0 Breaker operation cycles Control model 0 status only 1 direct with normal security 4 sbo with enhanced security 4 sbo with enhanced security Select contr...

Page 492: ...tion can be re energized The autoreclose function AR can be used with any circuit breaker suitable for autoreclosing The function provides five programmable autoreclose shots which can perform one to five successive autoreclosing of desired type and duration for instance one high speed and one delayed autoreclosing When the reclosing is initiated with pickup of the protection function the autorecl...

Page 493: ... the zone sequence between local protection units and downstream devices At the falling edge of the INC_SHOTP line the value of the shot pointer is increased by one unless a shot is in progress or the shot pointer already has the maximum value The falling edge of the INC_SHOTP line is not accepted if any of the shots are in progress 7 2 3 3 Master and slave scheme With the co operation between the...

Page 494: ... An alarm or pickup signal from the thermal overload protection 49F can be routed to the input BLK_THERM to block and hold the reclose sequence The BLK_THERM signal does not affect the starting of the sequence When the reclose time has elapsed and the BLK_THERM input is active the shot is not ready until the BLK_THERM input deactivates Should the BLK_THERM input remain active longer than the time ...

Page 495: ...gnal collection and delay logic When the protection trips the initiation of autoreclose shots is in most applications executed with the INIT_1 6 inputs The DEL_INIT2 4 inputs are not used In some situations pickup of the protection stage is also used for the shot initiation This is the only time when the DEL_INIT inputs are used ...

Page 496: ...e other three channels do not have any delaying capability Each channel that is capable of delaying a pickup signal has four time delays The time delay is selected based on the shot pointer in the AR function For the first reclose attempt the first time delay is selected for the second attempt the second time delay and so on For the fourth and fifth attempts the time delays are the same Time delay...

Page 497: ...opens the circuit breaker and an autoreclose shot is initiated When the shot is initiated with the trip signal of the protection the protection function trips the circuit breaker and simultaneously initiates the autoreclose shot If the circuit breaker is manually closed against the fault that is if SOTF is used the fourth time delay can automatically be taken into use This is controlled with the i...

Page 498: ... signal of the protection function The autoreclose picks up when the protection trip delay time elapses Normally all trip and pickup signals are used to initiate an autoreclose shot and trip the circuit breaker If any of the input signals INIT_X or DEL_INIT_X are used for blocking the corresponding bit in the Tripping line setting must be FALSE This is to ensure that the circuit breaker does not t...

Page 499: ...or blocking signals rows in the matrix and the reclose time of the shot The settings related to CBB configuration are First Seventh reclose time Init signals CBB1 CBB7 Blk signals CBB1 CBB7 Shot number CBB1 CBB7 The reclose time defines the open and dead times that is the time between the OPEN_CB and the CLOSE_CB commands The Init signals CBBx setting defines the initiation signals The Blk signals...

Page 500: ...INIT_2 and INIT_3 lines an immediate lockout occurs The INIT_5 line is used for blocking purposes If the INIT_5 line is active during a sequence start the reclose attempt is blocked and the AR function goes to lockout Even if the initiation signals are not received from the protection functions the AR function can be set to continue from the second to the fifth reclose shot The AR function can for...

Page 501: ...is allowed When the synchronization fails the automatic initiation is carried out when the auto wait time elapses and the reclosing is prevented due to a failure during the synchronism check When the circuit breaker does not close the automatic initiation is carried out if the circuit breaker does not close within the wait close time after issuing the reclose command Both the automatic initiation ...

Page 502: ...ed and a new close command is given after the third reclose time has elapsed The circuit breaker closes normally and the reclaim time starts When the reclaim time has elapsed the sequence is concluded successful 7 2 4 3 Shot pointer controller The execution of a reclose sequence is controlled by a shot pointer It can be adjusted with the SHOT_PTR monitored data The shot pointer starts from an init...

Page 503: ...defined by the reclaim time When all five shots have been executed When the frequent operation counter limit is reached A new sequence initiation forces the AR function to lockout 7 2 4 4 Reclose controller The reclose controller calculates the reclose discrimination and reclaim times The reclose time is started when the INPRO signal is activated that is when the sequence starts and the activated ...

Page 504: ...ation during discrimination time AR function goes to lockout The discrimination time starts when the close command CLOSE_CB has been given If a pickup input is activated before the discrimination time has elapsed the AR function goes to lockout The default value for each discrimination time is zero The discrimination time can be adjusted with the Dsr time shot 1 4 parameter Figure 270 Initiation a...

Page 505: ... breaker is closed manually during an autoreclose sequence and the manual close mode is FALSE 7 2 4 6 Protection coordination controller The PROT_CRD output is used for controlling the protection functions In several applications such as fuse saving applications involving down stream fuses tripping and initiation of shot 1 should be fast instantaneous or short time delayed The tripping and initiat...

Page 506: ...t breaker position information is controlled with the CB closed Pos status setting The setting value TRUE means that when the circuit breaker is closed the CB_POS input is TRUE When the setting value is FALSE the CB_POS input is FALSE provided that the circuit breaker is closed The reclose command pulse time can be controlled with the Close pulse time setting the CLOSE_CB output is active for the ...

Page 507: ...s interval during a stormy night These types of faults can easily damage the circuit breaker if the AR function is not locked by a frequent operation counter The frequent operation counter has three settings Frq Op counter limit Frq Op counter time Frq Op recovery time The Frq Op counter limit setting defines the number of reclose attempts that are allowed during the time defined with the Frq Op c...

Page 508: ...so limits the disturbances caused for the healthy parts of the power system The faults can be transient semi transient or permanent For example a permanent fault in power cables means that there is a physical damage in the fault location that must first be located and repaired before the network voltage can be restored In overhead lines the insulating material between phase conductors is air The m...

Page 509: ...ing only one line makes setting easier whereas by using multiple lines higher functionality can be achieved Basically there are no differences between the initiation lines except that the lines 2 3 and 4 have the delayed initiation DEL_INIT inputs and lines 1 5 and 6 do not autoreclose shot an operation where after a preset time the breaker is closed from the breaker tripping caused by protection ...

Page 510: ...t the status of the initiation lines is compared to the CBB settings In order to allow the initiation at any of the initiation line activation the corresponding switch in the Init signals CBB_ parameter must be set to TRUE In order to block the initiation the corresponding switch in the Blk signals CBB_ parameter must be set to TRUE If any of the initiation lines set with the Init signals CBB_ par...

Page 511: ...n the autoreclose sequence the CBB should be performed that is whether the particular CBB is going to be the first second third fourth or fifth shot During the initiation of a CBB the conditions of initiation and blocking are checked This is done for all CBBs simultaneously Each CBB that fulfils the initiation conditions requests an execution The function also keeps track of shots already performe...

Page 512: ...se shots or cycles 7 2 6 3 Configuration examples Figure 274 Example connection between protection and autoreclose functions in IED configuration It is possible to create several sequences for a configuration Autoreclose sequences for overcurrent and non directional ground fault protection applications where high speed and delayed autoreclosings are needed can be as follows Example 1 The sequence ...

Page 513: ...t 1 and shot 2 are different but each protection function initiates the same sequence The CBB sequence is as follows Figure 276 Two shots with three initiation lines Table 421 Settings for configuration example 1 Example 2 There are two separate sequences implemented with three shots Shot 1 is implemented by CBB1 and it is initiated with the high stage of the overcurrent protection 50P 1 Shot 1 is...

Page 514: ...eclose sequence with two shots with different shot settings according to initiation signal tHSAR Time delay of high speed autoreclosing here First reclose time tDAR Time delay of delayed autoreclosing here Second reclose time tl Operating time for the 50P 1 protection stage to clear the fault tl or lo Operating time for the 51P or 51N G protection stage to clear the fault tCB_O Operating time for ...

Page 515: ...DEL_INIT_2 DEL_INIT_3 DEL_INIT_4 DEL_INIT_2 and INIT_2 are connected together with an OR gate as are inputs 3 and 4 Inputs 1 5 and 6 do not have any delayed input From the autoreclosing point of view it does not matter whether INIT_x or DEL_INIT_x line is used for shot initiation or blocking The autoreclose function can also open the circuit breaker from any of the initiation lines It is selected ...

Page 516: ...ating shots shortens the trip times Example 1 When a two shot sequence is used the pickup information from the protection function is routed to the DEL_INIT 2 input and the trip information to the INIT_2 input The following conditions have to apply protection trip time 0 5s Str 2 delay shot 1 0 05s Str 2 delay shot 2 60s Str 2 delay shot 3 60s Setting name Description and purpose Str x delay shot ...

Page 517: ... permanent fault is the same as in Example 1 except that after the second shot when the protection picks up again Str 2 delay shot 3 elapses before the protection trip time and the final trip follows The total trip time is the protection pickup delay 0 10 seconds the time it takes to open the circuit breaker 7 2 6 6 Fast trip in Switch on to fault The Str _ delay shot 4 parameter delays can also b...

Page 518: ...locks and resets reclaim time BLK_THERM BOOLEAN 0 False Blocks and holds the reclose shot from the thermal overload CB_POS BOOLEAN 0 False Circuit breaker position input CB_READY BOOLEAN 1 True Circuit breaker status signal INC_SHOTP BOOLEAN 0 False A zone sequence coordination signal INHIBIT_RECL BOOLEAN 0 False Interrupts and inhibits reclosing sequence RECL_ON BOOLEAN 0 False Level sensitive si...

Page 519: ...or first reclosing Dsr time shot 2 0 10000 ms 100 0 Discrimination time for second reclosing Dsr time shot 3 0 10000 ms 100 0 Discrimination time for third reclosing Dsr time shot 4 0 10000 ms 100 0 Discrimination time for fourth reclosing Terminal priority 1 None 2 Low follower 3 High master 1 None Terminal priority Synchronisation set 0 127 0 Selection for synchronizing requirement for reclosing...

Page 520: ...CBB4 0 63 0 Blocking lines for CBB4 Blk signals CBB5 0 63 0 Blocking lines for CBB5 Blk signals CBB6 0 63 0 Blocking lines for CBB6 Blk signals CBB7 0 63 0 Blocking lines for CBB7 Shot number CBB1 0 5 0 Shot number for CBB1 Shot number CBB2 0 5 0 Shot number for CBB2 Shot number CBB3 0 5 0 Shot number for CBB3 Shot number CBB4 0 5 0 Shot number for CBB4 Shot number CBB5 0 5 0 Shot number for CBB5 ...

Page 521: ... reclose Frq Op counter limit 0 250 0 Frequent operation counter lockout limit Frq Op counter time 1 250 min 1 Frequent operation counter time Frq Op recovery time 1 250 min 1 Frequent operation counter recovery time Auto init 0 63 0 Defines INIT lines that are activated at auto initiation Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description ...

Page 522: ...LEAN 0 False 1 True Reclosing shot in progress shot 5 DISCR_INPRO BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Signal indicating that discrimination time is in progress CUTOUT_INPRO BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Signal indicating that cut out time is in progress SUC_RECL BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Indicates a successful reclosing sequence UNSUC_CB BOOLEAN 0 False 1 True Indicates an unsuccessful CB closing CNT_SHOT1 INT32 0 21474...

Page 523: ...e main purpose of the asynchronous operation mode is to provide a controlled closing of circuit breakers when two asynchronous systems are connected The synchrocheck operation mode checks that the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker are perfectly synchronized It is used to perform a controlled reconnection of two systems which are divided after islanding and it is also used to perform a ...

Page 524: ...e diagram The synchrocheck function can operate either with V_AB or V_A voltages The selection of used voltages is defined with the VT connection setting of the line voltage general parameters Energizing check The energizing check function checks the energizing direction Energizing is defined as a situation where a dead network part is connected to an energized section of the network The condition...

Page 525: ...en the line voltage and bus voltage The function trips and issues a closing command to the circuit breaker when the calculated closing angle is equal to the measured phase angle and if the following conditions are simultaneously fulfilled The measured line and bus voltages are higher than set values of Live bus value and Live line value ENERG_STATE equals to Both Live The measured bus and line fre...

Page 526: ...nd phase difference Depending on the circuit breaker and the closing system the delay from the moment the closing signal is given until the circuit breaker finally closes is about 50 250 ms The selected Closing time of CB informs the function how long the conditions have to persist The synchrocheck function compensates for the measured slip frequency and the circuit breaker closing delay The phase...

Page 527: ... is given the permission to close The other situation is where one or both sides of the circuit breaker to be closed are dead and consequently the frequency and phase difference cannot be measured In this case the function checks the energizing direction The user is able to define the voltage range within which the measured voltage is determined to be live or dead The continuous control mode is se...

Page 528: ... the control function block delivers the command signal to close the synchrocheck function for the releasing of a closing signal pulse to the circuit breaker If the closing conditions are fulfilled during a permitted check time set with Maximum Syn time after the command signal is delivered for closing the synchrocheck function delivers a closing signal to the circuit breaker Figure 284 A simplifi...

Page 529: ... is before conditions are fulfilled and close pulse is given the alarm timer is reset Figure 286 Determination of the checking time for closing The control module receives information about the circuit breaker status and thus is able to adjust the command signal to be delivered to the synchrocheck function If the external command signal CL_COMMAND is kept active longer than necessary CMD_FAIL_AL a...

Page 530: ...m Syn time has elapsed The closing pulse is delivered only once for each activated external command signal and new closing command sequence cannot be started until the external command signal is reset and then activated again The SYNC_INPRO output is active when the closing command sequence is in progress and it is reset when the CL_COMMAND input is reset or Maximum Syn time has elapsed Bypass mod...

Page 531: ...30 degrees the high voltage side phasor The rotation of the phasors is counterclockwise The generic rule is that a low voltage side phasor lags the high voltage side phasor by clock number 30º This is called angle difference adjustment and can be set for the function with the Phase shift setting 7 3 5 Application The main purpose of the synchrocheck function is to provide control over the closing ...

Page 532: ...tion to close the circuit breaker B Since both sides of the circuit breaker B are live V_BUS Live bus value V_LINE Live bus value the synchrocheck function controlling the circuit breaker B performs a synchrocheck and if the network and the generator are in synchronism closes the circuit breaker Figure 289 Synchrocheck function 25 checking energizing conditions and synchronism Connections A specia...

Page 533: ... where the synchrocheck is used for the circuit breaker closing between a busbar and a line The phase to phase voltages are measured from the busbar and also one phase to phase voltage from the line is measured Figure 290 Connection of voltages for the IED and signals used in synchrocheck 7 3 6 Signals Table 430 25 input signals L1 L3 VA VB VC VG VAB Line VAB L2 Relay program V_LINE V_BUS 25 V_BUS...

Page 534: ...e Type Description SYNC_INPRO BOOLEAN Synchronizing in progress SYNC_OK BOOLEAN Systems in synchronism CL_FAIL_AL BOOLEAN CB closing failed CMD_FAIL_AL BOOLEAN CB closing request failed LLDB BOOLEAN Live Line Dead Bus LLLB BOOLEAN Live Line Live Bus DLLB BOOLEAN Dead Line Live Bus DLDB BOOLEAN Dead Line Dead Bus ...

Page 535: ...e 2 Synchronous 3 Asynchronous Control mode 1 Continuous 1 Continuous Selection of synchro check command or Continuous control mode 2 Command Dead line value 0 1 0 8 xVn 0 1 0 2 Voltage low limit line for energizing check Live line value 0 2 1 0 xVn 0 1 0 5 Voltage high limit line for energizing check Dead bus value 0 1 0 8 xVn 0 1 0 2 Voltage low limit bus for energizing check Live bus value 0 2 ...

Page 536: ...xVn Calculated voltage amplitude difference FR_DIFF_MEAS FLOAT32 0 000 0 100 xFn Calculated voltage frequency difference PH_DIFF_MEAS FLOAT32 0 00 180 00 deg Calculated voltage phase angle difference U_DIFF_SYNC BOOLEAN 0 False Voltage difference out of limit for synchronizing 1 True PH_DIF_SYNC BOOLEAN 0 False Phase angle difference out of limit for synchronizing 1 True FR_DIFF_SYNC BOOLEAN 0 Fal...

Page 537: ...ST is only to force the IED to allow the restarting of the motor After the emergency start input is activated the motor can be started normally 62EST itself does not actually restart the motor The function contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block function outputs timer or the function itself if desired Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the voltage ...

Page 538: ...mains active for 10 minutes or as long as the ST_EMERG_RQ input is high whichever takes longer The activation of the BLOCK input blocks and also resets the timer The function also provides the ST_EMERG_ENA output change date and time T_ST_EMERG The information is available through the Monitored data view 7 4 5 Application If the motor needs to be started in an emergency condition at the risk of da...

Page 539: ...t I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the blocking mode ST_EMERG_RQ BOOLEAN 0 False Emergency start input Name Type Description ST_EMERG_ENA BOOLEAN Emergency start Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Motor standstill A 0 05 0 20 xIn 0 01 0 12 Current limit to check for motor standstill condition Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default D...

Page 540: ...are also available in VA VB VC The ground current measurement function IG is used for monitoring and metering the ground current of the power system The ground voltage measurement function VG is used for monitoring and metering the ground voltage of the power system The sequence current measurement I1 I2 I0 is used for monitoring and metering the phase sequence currents The sequence voltage measur...

Page 541: ...ntil the value is updated at the end of the next time interval The switching of the demand interval without the loss of data is done by storing the one minute demand values in the memory until the longest demand interval is available The maximum demand values for each phase are recorded with time stamps The recorded values are reset with a command The demand value calculation is only available in ...

Page 542: ...er the measured value of X_INST exceeds or falls below the set limits The measured value has the corresponding range information X_RANGE and has a value in the range of 0 to 4 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low The range information changes and the new values are reported In the three phase voltage measurement function VA VB VC the supervision functions are based on the phase to phase vol...

Page 543: ...n output signals on some of the measuring functions and the number of phases required to exceed or undershoot the limit before activating the outputs and can be set with the Num of phases setting in the three phase measurement functions IA IB IC and VA VB VC The limit supervision boolean alarm and warning outputs can be blocked The settings involved for limit value supervision are ...

Page 544: ...gh limit A Hi high limit res Low low limit Ground voltage measurement VG High limit V high limit res Low limit High high limit V Hi high limit res Low low limit Phase sequence current measurement I1 I2 I0 High limit Ps Seq A high limit Ng Seq A high limit Zro A high limit Low limit Ps Seq A low limit Ng Seq A low limit Zro A low limit High high limit Ps Seq A Hi high Lim Ng Seq A Hi high Lim Zro A...

Page 545: ...esents the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum limit in the units of 0 001 percent seconds The reporting delay of the integral algorithms in seconds is calculated with the formula Equation 60 Example for IA IB IC A deadband 2500 2 5 of the total measuring range of 40 I_INST_A I_DB_A 0 30 If I_INST_A changes to 0 40 the reporting delay is t s deadband Y max min 1000 100 Δ t...

Page 546: ... Three phase current measurement IA IB IC A deadband 40 0 40xIn Three phase voltage measurement VA VB VC V Deadband 4 0 4xVn Ground current measurement IG A deadband res 40 0 40xIn Ground voltage measurement VG V deadband res 4 0 4xVn Phase sequence current measurement I1 I2 I0 Ps Seq A deadband Ng Seq A deadband Zro A deadband 40 0 40xIn Phase sequence voltage measurement V1 V2 V0 Ps Seq V deadba...

Page 547: ...nergy unit Mult the calculated power values are presented in units of kWh kVArh or in units of MWh MVArh When the energy counter reaches its maximum value defined the counter value is reset and restarted from the zero Changing the value of the Energy unit Mult setting resets the accumulated energy values to the initial values that is EA_FWD_ACM to Forward Wh Initial EA_RV_ACM to Reverse Wh Initial...

Page 548: ...lected as Wye with the formulae Equation69 Equation70 Equation 71 When VT connection is selected as Delta the positive and negative phase sequence voltage components are calculated from the phase to phase voltages according to the formulae Equation 72 Equation 73 I I I I A B C 0 3 I I a I a I A B C 1 2 3 I I a I a I A B C 2 2 3 V V V V A B C 0 3 V V a V a V A B C 1 2 3 V V a V a V A B C 2 2 3 V V ...

Page 549: ... Residual voltage measurement RESVMMXU High limit V high limit res Low limit High high limit V Hi high limit res Low low limit Phase sequence current measurement CSMSQI High limit Ps Seq A high limit Ng Seq A high limit Zro A high limit Low limit Ps Seq A low limit Ng Seq A low limit Zro A low limit High high limit Ps Seq A Hi high Lim Ng Seq A Hi high Lim Zro A Hi high Lim Low low limit Ps Seq A ...

Page 550: ... present status of the power system to the system operator Additionally it Function Settings Maximum minimum range Three phase current measurement CMMXU A deadband 40 0 40xIn Three phase voltage measurement VMMXU V Deadband 4 0 4xVn Residual current measurement RESCMMXU A deadband res 40 0 40xIn Residual voltage measurement RESVMMXU V deadband res 4 0 4xVn The frequency measurement FMMXU F deadban...

Page 551: ...e measured analog signals when monitoring long time values for the input signal The demand values are linear average values of the measured signal over a settable demand interval The demand values are calculated for the measured analog three phase current signals The limit supervision indicates if the measured signal exceeds or goes below the set limits Depending on the measured signal type up to ...

Page 552: ... IC Input signals Table 449 IA IB IC Output signals Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for all binary outputs Name Type Description HIGH_ALARM BOOLEAN High alarm HIGH_WARN BOOLEAN High warning LOW_WARN BOOLEAN Low warning LOW_ALARM BOOLEAN Low alarm ...

Page 553: ...3 Number of phases required by limit supervision Demand interval 0 1 minute 1 5 minutes 2 10 minutes 3 15 minutes 4 30 minutes 5 60 minutes 6 180 minutes 0 1 minute Time interval for demand calculation A high high limit 0 00 40 00 xIn 1 40 High alarm current limit A high limit 0 00 40 00 xIn 1 20 High warning current limit A low limit 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 00 Low warning current limit A low low limit 0...

Page 554: ...nd phC Timestamp Time of maximum demand phase C I_INST_A FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn IA Amplitude magnitude of instantaneous value I_DB_A FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn IA Amplitude magnitude of reported value I_DMD_A FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Demand value of IA current I_RANGE_A Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low IA Amplitude range I_INST_B FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn IB Amplitude magnitude of instantan...

Page 555: ...ic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured fn 2Hz 0 5 or 0 002 x In at currents in the range of 0 01 4 00 x In Suppression of harmonics DFT 50dB at f n x fn where n 2 3 4 5 RMS No suppression Function description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 identification ANSI IEEE C37 2 device number Phase sequence current CSMSQI I1 I2 I0 I1 I2 I0 Name Type Default Descript...

Page 556: ... 20 High alarm current limit for negative sequence current Ng Seq A High limit 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 05 High warning current limit for negative sequence current Ng Seq A low limit 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 00 Low warning current limit for negative sequence current Ng Seq A low low Lim 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 00 Low alarm current limit for negative sequence current Ng Seq A deadband 100 100000 2500 Deadband configurati...

Page 557: ...ve sequence current amplitude range I1_INST FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Positive sequence current amplitude instantaneous value I1_DB FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Positive sequence current amplitude reported value I1_RANGE Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low Positive sequence current amplitude range I0_INST FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Zero sequence current amplitude instantaneous value I0_DB FLOAT32 ...

Page 558: ... all binary outputs Name Type Description HIGH_ALARM BOOLEAN High alarm HIGH_WARN BOOLEAN High warning Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Disable 1 Enable Operation Off On Measurement mode 1 RMS 2 DFT 2 DFT Selects used measurement mode A Hi high limit res 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 20 High alarm current limit A high limit res 0 00 40 00 xIn 0 05 High warning current l...

Page 559: ...mplitude magnitude of instantaneous value IG_DB FLOAT32 0 00 40 00 xIn Ground current Amplitude magnitude of reported value IG_RANGE Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low Ground current Amplitude range Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy Depending on the frequency of the current measured f fn 2Hz 0 5 or 0 002 x In at currents in the range of 0 01 4 00 x In Suppression of harmonics DFT ...

Page 560: ...put signals Table 463 VA VB VC Output signals Name Type Default Description V_A_AB SIGNAL 0 Phase A voltage V_B_BC SIGNAL 0 Phase B voltage V_C_CA SIGNAL 0 Phase C voltage BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for all binary outputs Name Type Description HIGH_ALARM BOOLEAN High alarm HIGH_WARN BOOLEAN High warning LOW_WARN BOOLEAN Low warning LOW_ALARM BOOLEAN Low alarm ...

Page 561: ...urement mode Num of phases 1 1 out of 3 2 2 out of 3 3 3 out of 3 1 1 out of 3 Number of phases required by limit supervision V high high limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 1 40 High alarm voltage limit V high limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 1 20 High warning voltage limit V low limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 00 Low warning voltage limit V low low limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 00 Low alarm voltage limit V deadband 100 100000 10000 Deadband ...

Page 562: ... FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn VBC Amplitude magnitude of instantaneous value V_DB_BC FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn VBC Amplitude magnitude of reported value V_RANGE_BC Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low VBC Amplitude range V_INST_CA FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn VCA Amplitude magnitude of instantaneous value V_DB_CA FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn VCA Amplitude magnitude of reported value V_RANGE_CA Enum 0 normal 1 ...

Page 563: ... 556 615 series ANSI Technical Manual 8 6 Sequence voltage measurement V1 V2 V0 8 6 1 Identification Function description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 identification ANSI IEEE C37 2 device number Phase sequence voltage VSMSQI U1 U2 U0 V1 V2 V0 ...

Page 564: ...oltage for integral calculation percentage of difference between min and max as 0 001 s Ng Seq V Hi high Lim 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 20 High alarm voltage limit for negative sequence voltage Ng Seq V High limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 05 High warning voltage limit for negative sequence voltage Ng Seq V low limit 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 00 Low warning voltage limit for negative sequence voltage Ng Seq V low low Lim 0 00 4...

Page 565: ...l 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low Negative sequence voltage amplitude range V1_INST FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn Positive sequence voltage amplitude instantaneous value V1_DB FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn Positive sequence voltage amplitude reported value V1_RANGE Enum 0 normal 1 high 2 low 3 high high 4 low low Positive sequence voltage amplitude range V0_INST FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn Zero sequence voltage ampl...

Page 566: ...tion 8 7 2 Function block Figure 301 Function block 8 7 3 Signals Table 471 VG Input signals Function description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 identification ANSI IEEE C37 2 device number Ground voltage RESVMMXU U0 VG Name Type Default Description VG SIGNAL 0 Ground voltage BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for all binary outputs ...

Page 567: ...oltage limit V high limit res 0 00 4 00 xVn 0 05 High warning voltage limit V deadband res 100 100000 10000 Deadband configuration value for integral calculation percentage of difference between min and max as 0 001 s Name Type Values Range Unit Description VG kV FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn Measured ground voltage VG_INST FLOAT32 0 00 4 00 xVn Ground voltage Amplitude magnitude of instantaneous value VG...

Page 568: ...nput signals Function description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 identification ANSI IEEE C37 2 device number Three phase power and energy measurement PEMMXU P E P E Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current V_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A voltage V_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B voltage V_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C voltage RSTACM BOOLEAN 0 False Res...

Page 569: ...multiplier for presentation of the energy related values Active power Dir 1 Forward 2 Reverse 1 Forward Direction of active power flow Forward Reverse Reactive power Dir 1 Forward 2 Reverse 1 Forward Direction of reactive power flow Forward Reverse Forward Wh Initial 0 999999999 1 0 Preset Initial value for forward active energy Reverse Wh Initial 0 999999999 1 0 Preset Initial value for reverse a...

Page 570: ...ST FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Reactive power magnitude of instantaneous value Q_DB FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Reactive power magnitude of reported value PF_INST FLOAT32 1 00 1 00 Power factor magnitude of instantaneous value PF_DB FLOAT32 1 00 1 00 Power factor magnitude of reported value EA_RV_ACM INT128 0 999999999 kWh Accumulated reverse active energy value ER_RV_ACM INT128 0 999999999 ...

Page 571: ...description IEC 61850 Identification IEC 60617 Identification ANSI IEEE C37 2 device number Single phase power and energy measurement SPEMMXU SP SE SP SE I_A SP SE I_B I_C V_A V_B V_C RSTACM Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current V_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A voltage V_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B voltage V_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C voltage RSTAC...

Page 572: ...OAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVA Apparent power magnitude of instantaneous value Phase C PA kW FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kW Active power magnitude of instantaneous value Phase A PB kW FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kW Active power magnitude of instantaneous value Phase B PC kW FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kW Active power magnitude of instantaneous value Phase C QA kVAr FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Reactive p...

Page 573: ... SL1 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase A Time min dmd SL2 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase B Time min dmd SL3 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase C Time min dmd PL1 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase A Time min dmd PL2 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase B Time min dmd PL3 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase C Time min dmd QL1 Timestamp Time of minimum demand phase A Time m...

Page 574: ... PF_INST_B FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Power factor magnitude of instantaneous value Phase B PF_INST_C FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Power factor magnitude of instantaneous value Phase C PF_DB_A FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Power factor magnitude of reported value Phase A PF_DB_B FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9 kVAr Power factor magnitude of reported value Phase B PF_DB_C FLOAT32 999999 9 999999 9...

Page 575: ...es are Enable and Disable The operation of the current distortion monitoring function can be described with a module diagram All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections Characteristic Value Pickup accuracy At all three currents in rage 0 10 1 20 x In At all three voltages in range 0 50 1 15 x Vn At the frequency fn 1Hz Active power and energy in range PF 0 71 Reactive power a...

Page 576: ...for TDD is calculated separately for each phase If any of the calculated total demand distortion values is above the set alarm limit TDD alarm limit the ALARM output is activated The demand calculation window is set with the Demand interval setting It has seven window lengths from 1 minute to 180 minutes The window type can be set with the Demand window setting The available options are Sliding an...

Page 577: ...l and key customers Not only can a monitoring system provide information about system disturbances and their possible causes it can also detect problem conditions throughout the system before they cause customer complaints equipment malfunctions and even equipment damage or failure Power quality problems are not limited to the utility side of the system In fact the majority of power quality proble...

Page 578: ... Type Values Range Unit Description Max demand TDD IA FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand TDD for phase A Max demand TDD IB FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand TDD for phase B Max demand TDD IC FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand TDD for phase C Time max dmd TDD IA Timestam p Time of maximum demand TDD phase A Time max dmd TDD IB Timestam p Time of maximum demand TDD phase B Time max dmd TDD IC Times...

Page 579: ...meter values are Enable and Disable The operation of the voltage distortion monitoring function can be described with a module diagram All the modules in the diagram are explained in the next sections Figure 307 Functional module diagram The distortion measurement module measures harmonics up to the 11th harmonic The total harmonic distortion THD for voltage is calculated from the measured harmoni...

Page 580: ...w setting The available options are Sliding and Nonsliding The activation of the BLOCK input blocks the ALARM output 8 11 4 2 Application PQVPH provides a method for monitoring the power quality by means of the voltage waveform distortion PQVPH provides a short term three second average and long term demand for THD 8 11 5 Signals Table 488 PQVPH Table 489 PQVPH Output signals 1 2 2 V V THD k N k N...

Page 581: ...tion Max demand THD UL1 FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand THD for phase A Max demand THD UL2 FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand THD for phase B Max demand THD UL3 FLOAT32 0 00 500 00 Maximum demand THD for phase C Time max dmd THD UL1 Timestamp Time of maximum demand THD phase A Time max dmd THD UL2 Timestamp Time of maximum demand THD phase B Time max dmd THD UL3 Timestamp Time of maximum demand...

Page 582: ...obtained by measuring the RMS value of the voltage for each phase International standard 61000 4 30 defines the voltage variation to be implemented using the RMS value of the voltage IEEE standard 1159 1995 provides recommendations for monitoring the electric power quality of the single phase and polyphase ac power systems PQSS contains a blocking functionality It is possible to block a set of fun...

Page 583: ...onitored phases have to be activated Accordingly the deactivation occurs when the activation requirement is not fulfilled that is one or more monitored phase signal magnitudes return beyond their limits Phases do not need to be activated by the same variation type to activate the PICKUP output Another consequence is that if only one or two phases are monitored it is sufficient that these monitored...

Page 584: ... of three phase voltage interruption The module measures voltage variation magnitude on each phase separately that is phase segregated status for voltage variation indication is available in monitored data PICKUP_A PICKUP_B and PICKUP_C The configuration parameter Phase supervision defines which voltage phase or phases are monitored If a voltage phase is If Phase mode is Three Phase the DIPST and ...

Page 585: ...common for the three duration settings The maximum duration setting is common for all variation types The duration measurement module measures the voltage variation duration of each phase voltage separately when the Phase mode setting is Single Phase The phase variation durations are independent However when the Phase mode setting is Three Phase voltage variation may pick up only when all the moni...

Page 586: ...eous dip event is detected For an event detection the TRIP output is always activated for one task cycle The corresponding counter and only one of them INSTDIPCNT MOMDIPCNT or TEMPDIPCNT is increased by one If the dip limit undershooting duration is shorter than VVa dip time 1 VVa swell time 1 or VVa Int time 1 the event is not detected at all and if the duration is longer than VVa Dur Max MAXDURD...

Page 587: ...indicate if the TRMS voltage magnitude remains between Voltage dip set 3 and Voltage dip set 2 for a period shorter than VVa dip time 3 before rising back above Voltage dip set 3 The event indication ends and possible detection is done when the TRMS voltage returns above for dip and interruption or below for swell the activation pickup limit For example after an instantaneous dip the event indicat...

Page 588: ...d above Voltage Intr set for a shorter time than the value of VVa dip time 1 but the signal rises between Voltage dip set 1 and Voltage dip set 2 so that the total duration of the dip activation is longer than VVa dip time 2 and the maximum time is not overshot this is detected as a momentary dip even though a short instantaneous dip period has been included In text the terms deeper and higher are...

Page 589: ...hase mode is Single Phase In Figure 316 one phase is in dip and two phases have a swell indication For the Phase Mode Dip value Three Phase the activation occurs only when all the phases are active Furthermore both swell and dip variation event detections take place simultaneously In case of a concurrent voltage dip and voltage swell both SWELLCNT and DIPCNT are incremented by one Also Figure 316 ...

Page 590: ...he initial voltage magnitudes are temporarily stored at the variation pickup moment If the variation is for example a two phase voltage dip the voltage magnitude of the non active phase is stored from this same moment as shown in Figure 312 The function tracks each variation active voltage phase and the minimum or maximum magnitude corresponding to swell or dip interruption during variation is 9B ...

Page 591: ...t recent recorded data and the older data sets are moved to the next banks 1 2 and 2 3 when a valid voltage variation is detected When all three banks have data and a new variation is detected the newest data are placed into bank 1 and the data in bank 3 are overwritten by the data from bank 2 Figure 312 shows a valid recorded voltage interruption and two dips for the Phase mode value Single Phase...

Page 592: ...MV QVV2MSTAx VVa mag f Variation magnitude Ph B time stamp maximum minimum magnitude measuring time moment during variation Var Ph B rec time Timestamp QVV2MSTAx VVa t Variation magnitude Ph C Variation Ph C MV QVV3MSTAx VVa mag f Variation magnitude Ph C time stamp maximum minimum magnitude measuring time moment during variation Var Ph C rec time Timestamp QVV3MSTAx VVa t Variation duration Ph A ...

Page 593: ...ypically associated with the switchgear operation related to the occurrence and termination of short circuits The operation of a circuit breaker disconnects a part of the system from the source of energy In the case of overhead networks automatic reclosing sequences are often applied to the circuit breakers that interrupt fault currents All these actions result in a sudden reduction of voltages on...

Page 594: ...t The measurement mode is always TRMS 8 12 7 Signals Table 494 PQSS Input signals Name Type Default Description I_A SIGNAL 0 Phase A current magnitude I_B SIGNAL 0 Phase B current magnitude I_C SIGNAL 0 Phase C current magnitude V_A SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage A V_B SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage B V_C SIGNAL 0 Phase to ground voltage C BLOCK BOOLEAN 0 False Block signal for activating the ...

Page 595: ...ation 2 Voltage dip set 3 10 0 100 0 0 1 80 Dip limit 3 in of reference voltage VVa dip time 3 2000 60000 ms 10 3000 Voltage variation dip duration 3 Voltage swell set 1 100 0 140 0 0 1 120 Swell limit 1 in of reference voltage VVa swell time 1 0 5 54 0 cycles 0 1 0 5 Voltage variation swell duration 1 Voltage swell set 2 100 0 140 0 0 1 120 Swell limit 2 in of reference voltage VVa swell time 2 1...

Page 596: ...lues Range Unit Description ST_A BOOLEAN 0 False Start Phase A Voltage Variation Event in progress 1 True ST_B BOOLEAN 0 False Start Phase B Voltage Variation Event in progress 1 True ST_C BOOLEAN 0 False Start Phase C Voltage Variation Event in progress 1 True INSTSWELLCNT INT32 0 2147483647 Instantaneous swell operation counter MOMSWELLCNT INT32 0 2147483647 Momentary swell operation counter TEM...

Page 597: ...ime stamp Variation Ph B FLOAT32 0 00 5 00 xVn Variation magnitude Phase B Var Ph B rec time Timestamp Variation magnitude Phase B time stamp Variation Ph C FLOAT32 0 00 5 00 xVn Variation magnitude Phase C Var Ph C rec time Timestamp Variation magnitude Phase C time stamp Variation Dur Ph A FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase A Var Dur Ph A time Timestamp Variation Ph A start time ...

Page 598: ...ude Phase C time stamp Variation Dur Ph A FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase A Var Dur Ph A time Timestamp Variation Ph A start time stamp Variation Dur Ph B FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase B Var Dur Ph B time Timestamp Variation Ph B start time stamp Variation Dur Ph C FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase C Var Dur Ph C time Timestamp Variation Ph ...

Page 599: ...n Dur Ph A FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase A Var Dur Ph A time Timestamp Variation Ph A start time stamp Variation Dur Ph B FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase B Var Dur Ph B time Timestamp Variation Ph B start time stamp Variation Dur Ph C FLOAT32 0 000 3600 00 0 s Variation duration Phase C Var Dur Ph C time Timestamp Variation Ph C start time stamp Var current ...

Page 600: ...imit 35 00 75 00 Hz 60 00 High alarm frequency limit F high limit 35 00 75 00 Hz 55 00 High warning frequency limit F low limit 35 00 75 00 Hz 45 00 Low warning frequency limit F low low limit 35 00 75 00 Hz 40 00 Low alarm frequency limit F deadband 100 100000 1000 Deadband configuration value for integral calculation percentage of difference between min and max as 0 001 s name Type Values Range ...

Page 601: ... signed integer output binary coded decimal BCD input to the signed integer output and binary reflected GRAY coded input to the signed integer output 8 14 4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable When the function is disabled the tap position quality information is changed accordingly When th...

Page 602: ...1 The four bits nibble BI3 BI10 have a typical factor to the natural binary coding The sum of the values should not be more than 9 If the nibble sum is greater than 9 the tap position output validity is regarded as bad The operation mode GRAY2INT is selected when the binary reflected GRAY coding is used for showing the position of the transformer tap changer The basic principle of the GRAY coding ...

Page 603: ...4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 7 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 8 15 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 9 9 14 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 9 12 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 11 9 13 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 12 9 8 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 13 9 9 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 14 9 11 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 15 9 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 16 10 31 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 17 11 30 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 18 12 28 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 19 13 29 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 20 14 24 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 21 15 25 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 22 16 27 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 23 17 26 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 24 18 16...

Page 604: ...ns are limited to 7 bit including the sign bit and thus the 6 bits are used in the coding functions The position limits for the tap positions at BCD GRAY and Natural binary coding are 39 63 and 63 respectively 8 14 6 Signals Table 504 84T Input signals 8 14 7 Settings Table 505 84T Non group settings 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 33 21 62 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 34 22 60 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 35 23 61 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 36 24 56 Inputs...

Page 605: ...eries ANSI Technical Manual 8 14 8 Monitored data Table 506 84T Monitored data 8 14 9 Technical data Table 507 84T Technical data Name Type Values Range Unit Description TAP_POS INT8 63 63 Tap position indication Descrpition Value Response time Typical 100 ms ...

Page 606: ...ts The user can map any analog signal type of the IED to each analog channel of the digital fault recorder by setting the Channel selection parameter of the corresponding analog channel In addition the user can enable or disable each analog channel of the digital fault recorder by setting the Operation parameter of the corresponding analog channel to Enable or Disable All analog channels of the di...

Page 607: ...vel can be set for triggering in a limit violation situation The user can set the limit values with the High trigger level and Low trigger level parameters of the corresponding analog channel Both high level and low level violation triggering can be active simultaneously for the same analog channel If the duration of the limit violation condition exceeds the filter time of approximately 50 ms the ...

Page 608: ...damental cycle always contains the amount of samples set with the Storage rate parameter Since the states of the binary channels are sampled once per task execution of the digital fault recorder the sampling frequency of binary channels is 400 Hz at the rated frequency of 50 Hz and 480 Hz at the rated frequency of 60 Hz Table 508 Sampling frequencies of the digital fault recorder analog channels 9...

Page 609: ...al fault recorder is not removed from the IED memory until both of the corresponding COMTRADE files CFG and DAT are deleted The user may have to delete both of the files types separately depending on the software used Deleting all digital fault records at once is done either with the PCM tool or any appropriate computer software or from the LHMI via the Clear Digital fault recorder menu Deleting a...

Page 610: ...with new recordings Capturing the data is stopped when the recording memory is full that is when the maximum number of recordings is reached In this case the event is sent via the state change TRUE of the Memory full parameter When there is memory available again another event is generated via the state change FALSE of the Memory full parameter Overwrite mode When the operation mode is Overwrite a...

Page 611: ... digital signal of the IED which can be dynamically mapped can be connected to the binary channels of the digital fault recorder These signals can be for example the pickup and trip signals from protection function blocks or the external digital inputs of the IED The connection is made with dynamic mapping to the binary channel of the digital fault recorder using SMT of PCM600 It is also possible ...

Page 612: ...to primary peak value units when the IED converts the recordings to the COMTRADE format The binary channels are sampled once per task execution of the digital fault recorder The task execution interval for the digital fault recorder is the same as for the protection functions During the COMTRADE conversion the digital status values are repeated so that the sampling frequencies of the analog and bi...

Page 613: ...e trg length 5 95 1 10 Length of the recording preceding the triggering Operation mode 1 Saturation 2 Overwrite 1 1 Operation mode of the recorder Exclusion time 0 1 000 000 ms 1 0 The time during which triggerings of same type are ignored Storage rate 32 16 8 samples per fundamental cycle 32 Storage rate of the waveform recording Periodic trig time 0 604 800 s 10 0 Time between periodic triggerin...

Page 614: ...nnel X Identification text for the analog channel used in the COMTRADE format High trigger level 0 00 60 00 pu 0 01 10 00 High trigger level for the analog channel Low trigger level 0 00 2 00 pu 0 01 0 00 Low trigger level for the analog channel Storage mode 0 Waveform 1 Trend cycle 1 0 Storage mode for the analog channel Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Operation 1 Enable 5 Di...

Page 615: ...ngs currently in memory Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Number of recordings 0 100 Number of recordings currently in memory Rem amount of rec 0 100 Remaining amount of recordings that fit into the available recording memory when current settings are used Rec memory used 0 100 Storage mode for the binary channel Time to trigger 0 604 800 s Time remaining to the next periodic tr...

Page 616: ...nt and voltage phasor are used to calculate the apparent impedance during the fault The load impedance apparent impedance and line parameters are used to estimate the fault resistance and distance to fault 9 2 4 Operation principle The Operation setting is used to enable or disable the function When selected On the function is enabled and respectively Off means function is disabled The operation o...

Page 617: ...ult The fault loop determination algorithm determines whether the fault is a phase to ground fault or phase to phase fault by comparing the phase currents with zero sequence current This module determines the fault loop from pre fault and fault phasor stored in the respective buffers The fault typing is the procedure to identify the type of fault and therefore the respective voltage and current ph...

Page 618: ...ing formula Equation 76 where Equation 77 k 1 0 scaling factor ZLpos and ZLzero refer to positive and zero sequence line impedances ZLpos RLpos j XLpos ZLzero RLzero j XLzero RLpos PosSeqR LinLen XLpos PosSeqX LinLen RLzero ZeroSeqR LinLen XLzero ZeroSeqX LinLen Ground compensated phase current Non compensated phase current Fault in phase A Fault in phase B Fault in phase C Fault in ground Io FLTL...

Page 619: ...n indicates the respective current is ground compensated Fault location This module calculates the distance to fault and fault resistance from the voltage phasor and current phasor selected based on type of the fault see Table 516 The algorithm uses the fundamental frequency phasor voltages and currents measured at the relay terminal before and during the fault The algorithm basically is an iterat...

Page 620: ... faults cause minor damage that is not easily visible on inspection Fault locators help identify those locations for early repairs to prevent recurrence and consequent major damage The fault location algorithm is most applicable for radial feeder The algorithm is based on the system model shown in Figure 325 The algorithm was designed to be used on a homogeneous radial distribution line Therefore ...

Page 621: ... Ohm Mile or Km 1 000 Positive sequence resistance of line in primary Ohm Mile or Km X1 0 000 30 000 Ohm Mile or Km 2 000 Positive sequence reactance of line in primary Ohm Mile or Km R0 0 000 20 000 Ohm Mile or Km 0 010 Zero sequence resistance of line in primary Ohm Mile or Km X0 0 000 30 000 Ohm Mile or Km 1 000 Zero sequence reactance of line in primary Ohm Mile or Km Phase Level 0 00 40 00 In...

Page 622: ...cs PT 10 3 1 Function block Figure 326 Function block 10 3 2 Functionality The pulse timer function block PT contains eight independent timers The function has a settable pulse length Once the input is activated the output is set for a specific duration using the Pulse delay time setting Figure 327 Timer operation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7 IN8 PT t0 t0 dt t1 t1 dt t2 t2 d...

Page 623: ...ignals Name Type Default Description IN1 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 1 status IN2 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 2 status IN3 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 3 status IN4 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 4 status IN5 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 5 status IN6 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 6 status IN7 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 7 status IN8 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 8 status ...

Page 624: ...e delay time Pulse delay time 2 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 3 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 4 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 5 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 6 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 7 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Pulse delay time 8 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Pulse delay time Parameter...

Page 625: ...k TOFGAPC can be used for example for a drop off delayed output related to the input signal TOFGAPC contains eight independent timers There is a settable delay in the timer Once the input is activated the output is set immediately When the input is cleared the output stays on until the time set with the Off delay time setting has elapsed Figure 329 Timer operation t0 t1 dt t2 t3 t5 dt dt Off delay...

Page 626: ...t signals Name Type Default Description IN1 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 1 status IN2 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 2 status IN3 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 3 status IN4 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 4 status IN5 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 5 status IN6 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 6 status IN7 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 7 status IN8 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 8 status ...

Page 627: ...tput 6 status Q7 BOOLEAN Output 7 status Q8 BOOLEAN Output 8 status Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Off delay time 1 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Off delay time Off delay time 2 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Off delay time Off delay time 3 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Off delay time Off delay time 4 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Off delay time Off delay time 5 0 3600000 ms 10 0 Off delay time Off delay time 6 0 3600000 ms...

Page 628: ... The time delay on function block TONGAPC can be used for example for time delaying the output related to the input signal TONGAPC contains eight independent timers The timer has a settable time delay Once the input is activated the output is set after the time set by the On delay time setting has elapsed Figure 331 Timer operation t0 t0 dt t2 t3 t4 dt dt On delay time t1 t4 t5 ...

Page 629: ...LEAN 0 False Input 1 IN2 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 2 IN3 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 3 IN4 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 4 IN5 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 5 IN6 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 6 IN7 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 7 IN8 BOOLEAN 0 False Input 8 Name Type Description Q1 BOOLEAN Output 1 Q2 BOOLEAN Output 2 Q3 BOOLEAN Output 3 Q4 BOOLEAN Output 4 Q5 BOOLEAN Output 5 Q6 BOOLEAN Output 6 Q7 BOOLEAN Output 7 Q8 BOOLEAN Output 8 ...

Page 630: ...y time 1 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 2 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 3 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 4 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 5 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 6 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 7 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time On delay time 8 0 3600000 ms 10 0 On delay time Characteristic Value Op...

Page 631: ... a simple SR flip flop with a memory that can be set or that can reset an output from the S or R inputs respectively SRGAPC contains eight independent set reset flip flop latches where the SET input has the higher priority over the RESET input The status of each Q output is retained in the nonvolatile memory The individual reset for each Q output is available on the LHMI or through tool via commun...

Page 632: ...set R2 BOOLEAN 0 False Resets Q2 output when set S3 BOOLEAN 0 False Set Q3 output when set R3 BOOLEAN 0 False Resets Q3 output when set S4 BOOLEAN 0 False Set Q4 output when set R4 BOOLEAN 0 False Resets Q4 output when set S5 BOOLEAN 0 False Set Q5 output when set R5 BOOLEAN 0 False Resets Q5 output when set S6 BOOLEAN 0 False Set Q6 output when set R6 BOOLEAN 0 False Resets Q6 output when set S7 ...

Page 633: ... status Parameter Values Range Unit Step Default Description Reset Q1 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel Resets Q1 output when set Reset Q2 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel Resets Q2 output when set Reset Q3 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel Resets Q3 output when set Reset Q4 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel Resets Q4 output when set Reset Q5 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel Resets Q5 output when set Reset Q6 0 Cancel 1 Reset 0 Cancel...

Page 634: ...MVGAPC is used for user logic bits Each input state is directly copied to the output state This allows the creating of events from advanced logic combinations 10 7 3 Signals Table 539 MVGAPC Output signals Name Type Description Q1 BOOLEAN Q1 status Q2 BOOLEAN Q2 status Q3 BOOLEAN Q3 status Q4 BOOLEAN Q4 status Q5 BOOLEAN Q5 status Q6 BOOLEAN Q6 status Q7 BOOLEAN Q7 status Q8 BOOLEAN Q8 status ...

Page 635: ...Section 10 1MAC050144 MB C Other functions 628 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 636: ...ated when the time calculation exceeds the set Trip delay time The user can determine the reset in the DT mode with the Reset delay time setting which provides the delayed reset property when needed Figure 334 Operation of the counter in drop off In case 1 the reset is delayed with the Reset delay time setting and in case 2 the counter is reset immediately because the Reset delay time setting is s...

Page 637: ...vided that the current is above the set Pickup value The input signal is inactive when the current is below the set Pickup value and the set hysteresis region The timer input rises when a fault current is detected The definite timer activates the PICKUP output and the trip timer starts elapsing The reset drop off timer starts when the timer input falls that is the fault disappears When the reset d...

Page 638: ...at the current is above the set Pickup value The input signal is inactive when the current is below the set Pickup value and the set hysteresis region The timer input rises when a fault current is detected The definite timer activates the PICKUP output and the trip timer starts elapsing The reset drop off timer starts when the timer input falls that is the fault disappears Another fault situation ...

Page 639: ...eze timer If the BLOCK input is activated when the trip timer is running as described in Figure 337 the timer is frozen during the time BLOCK remains active If the timer input is not active longer than specified by the Reset delay time setting the trip timer is reset in the same way as described in Figure 335 regardless of the BLOCK input The selected blocking mode is Freeze timer ...

Page 640: ...immediately when the current exceeds the set Pickup value and the PICKUP output is activated The TRIP output of the component is activated when the cumulative sum of the integrator calculating the overcurrent situation exceeds the value set by the inverse time mode The set value depends on the selected curve type and the setting values used The user determines the curve scaling with the Time multi...

Page 641: ...on 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 634 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 338 Trip time curves based on IDMT characteristic with the value of the Minimum trip time setting 0 5 second ...

Page 642: ...alue of the Minimum trip time setting 1 second 11 2 1 1 Standard inverse time characteristics For inverse time operation both IEC and ANSI IEEE standardized inverse time characteristics are supported The trip times for the ANSI and IEC IDMT curves are defined with the coefficients A B and C The values of the coefficients can be calculated according to the formula ...

Page 643: ... Time Extremely Inverse 64 07 0 250 2 0 7 Long Time Very Inverse 28 55 0 712 2 0 8 Long Time Inverse 0 086 0 185 0 02 9 IEC Normal Inverse 0 14 0 0 0 02 10 IEC Very Inverse 13 5 0 0 1 0 11 IEC Inverse 0 14 0 0 0 02 12 IEC Extremely Inverse 80 0 0 0 2 0 13 IEC Short Time Inverse 0 05 0 0 0 04 14 IEC Long Time Inverse 120 0 0 1 0 The maximum guaranteed measured current is 50 x In for the current pro...

Page 644: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 637 Technical Manual Figure 340 ANSI extremely inverse time characteristics ...

Page 645: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 638 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 341 ANSI very inverse time characteristics ...

Page 646: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 639 Technical Manual Figure 342 ANSI normal inverse time characteristics ...

Page 647: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 640 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 343 ANSI moderately inverse time characteristics ...

Page 648: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 641 Technical Manual Figure 344 ANSI long time extremely inverse time characteristics ...

Page 649: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 642 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 345 ANSI long time very inverse time characteristics ...

Page 650: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 643 Technical Manual Figure 346 ANSI long time inverse time characteristics ...

Page 651: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 644 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 347 IEC normal inverse time characteristics ...

Page 652: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 645 Technical Manual Figure 348 IEC very inverse time characteristics ...

Page 653: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 646 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 349 IEC inverse time characteristics ...

Page 654: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 647 Technical Manual Figure 350 IEC extremely inverse time characteristics ...

Page 655: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 648 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 351 IEC short time inverse time characteristics ...

Page 656: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 649 Technical Manual Figure 352 IEC long time inverse time characteristics ...

Page 657: ... B C set Curve parameter C E set Curve parameter E I Measured current I set Pickup value k set Time multiplier 11 2 1 3 RI and RD type inverse time characteristics The RI type simulates the behavior of electromechanical relays The RD type is a ground fault specific characteristic The RI type is calculated using the formula Equation 81 The RD type is calculated using the formula Equation 82 t s Tri...

Page 658: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 651 Technical Manual Figure 353 RI type inverse time characteristics ...

Page 659: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 652 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 354 RD type inverse time characteristics ...

Page 660: ...hysteresis The integral sum of the inverse time counter is reset if another pickup does not occur during the reset delay Inverse reset Standard delayed inverse reset The reset characteristic required in ANSI IEEE inverse time modes is provided by setting the Type of reset curve parameter to Inverse reset In this mode the time delay for reset is given with the following formula using the coefficien...

Page 661: ...ical Manual Table 542 Coefficients for ANSI delayed inverse reset curves Curve name D 1 ANSI Extremely Inverse 29 1 2 ANSI Very Inverse 21 6 3 ANSI Normal Inverse 0 46 4 ANSI Moderately Inverse 4 85 6 Long Time Extremely Inverse 30 7 Long Time Very Inverse 13 46 8 Long Time Inverse 4 6 ...

Page 662: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 655 Technical Manual Figure 355 ANSI extremely inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 663: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 656 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 356 ANSI very inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 664: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 657 Technical Manual Figure 357 ANSI normal inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 665: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 658 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 358 ANSI moderately inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 666: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 659 Technical Manual Figure 359 ANSI long time extremely inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 667: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 660 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 360 ANSI long time very inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 668: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 661 Technical Manual Figure 361 ANSI long time inverse reset time characteristics ...

Page 669: ...er does not wish the counter value to count upwards or to be reset This may be the case for example when the inverse time function of an IED needs to be blocked to enable the definite time operation of another IED for selectivity reasons especially if different relaying techniques old and modern relays are applied Activating the BLOCK input alone does not affect the operation of the PICKUP output ...

Page 670: ... when the voltage exceeds the set value of the Pickup value setting and the PICKUP output is activated The TRIP output of the component is activated when the cumulative sum of the integrator calculating the overvoltage situation exceeds the value set by the inverse time mode The set value depends on the selected curve type and the setting values used The user determines the curve scaling with the ...

Page 671: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 664 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 362 Trip time curve based on IDMT characteristic with Minimum trip time set to 0 5 second ...

Page 672: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 665 Technical Manual Figure 363 Trip time curve based on IDMT characteristic with Minimum trip time set to 1 second ...

Page 673: ...ed with the coefficients A B C D and E The inverse trip time can be calculated with the formula Equation 85 t s trip time in seconds V measured voltage V the set value of Pickup value k the set value of Time multiplier Table 543 Curve coefficients for the standard overvoltage IDMT curves Curve name A B C D E 17 Inverse Curve A 1 1 0 0 1 18 Inverse Curve B 480 32 0 5 0 035 2 19 Inverse Curve C 480 ...

Page 674: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 667 Technical Manual Figure 364 Inverse curve A characteristic of overvoltage protection ...

Page 675: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 668 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 365 Inverse curve B characteristic of overvoltage protection ...

Page 676: ...n 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 669 Technical Manual Figure 366 Inverse curve C characteristic of overvoltage protection 11 3 1 2 User programmable inverse time characteristics for overvoltage protection ...

Page 677: ...voltage Although the curve A has no discontinuities when the ratio V V exceeds the unity Curve Sat Relative is also set for it The Curve Sat Relative setting for curves A B and C is 2 0 percent However it should be noted that the user must carefully calculate the curve characteristics concerning the discontinuities in the curve when the programmable curve equation is used Thus the Curve Sat Relati...

Page 678: ...ristics for undervoltage protection The trip times for the standard undervoltage IDMT curves are defined with the coefficients A B C D and E The inverse trip time can be calculated with the formula Equation 87 t s trip time in seconds V measured voltage V the set value of the Pickup value setting k the set value of the Time multiplier setting Table 544 Curve coefficients for standard undervoltage ...

Page 679: ...Section 11 1MAC050144 MB C General function block features 672 615 series ANSI Technical Manual Figure 367 Inverse curve A characteristic of undervoltage protection ...

Page 680: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 11 General function block features 615 series ANSI 673 Technical Manual Figure 368 Inverse curve B characteristic of undervoltage protection ...

Page 681: ... equation B the characteristics equation output is saturated in such a way that when input voltages are in the range from Pickup value to Curve Sat Relative in percents under Pickup value the equation uses Pickup value 1 0 Curve Sat Relative 100 for the measured voltage Although the curve A has no discontinuities when the ratio V V exceeds the unity Curve Sat Relative is set for it as well The Cur...

Page 682: ...nt mode setting using the value DFT In the DFT mode the fundamental frequency component of the measured signal is numerically calculated from the samples In some applications for example it can be difficult to accomplish sufficiently sensitive settings and accurate operation of the low stage which may be due to a considerable amount of harmonics on the primary side currents In such a case the oper...

Page 683: ...ue P to P backup It is similar to the peak to peak mode with the exception that it has been enhanced with the peak backup In the peak to peak with peak backup mode the function starts with two conditions the peak to peak value is above the set pickup current or the peak value is above two times the set Pickup value The peak backup is enabled only when the function is used in the DT mode in high an...

Page 684: ...00 and X110 terminal with one 14 or 16 Gauge wire Use 12 or 14 Gauge wire for CB trip circuit Connect each ring lug terminal for signal connector X120 with one of maximum 14 or 16 Gauge wire Connect each ring lug terminal for CTs VTs with one 12 Gauge wire 12 1 Protective ground connections Figure 369 The protective ground screw is located between connectors X100 and X110 The ground lead must be a...

Page 685: ...nside IED for the front interface only The events and setting values and all input data such as memorized values and disturbance records can be read via the front communication port Only one of the possible clients can be used for parametrization at a time PCM600 LHMI WHMI The default IP address of the IED through this port is 192 168 0 254 The front port supports TCP IP protocol A standard Ethern...

Page 686: ...d and is intended to be used in a daisy chain bus wiring scheme with 2 wire half duplex or 4 wire full duplex multi point communication 12 2 5 Optical ST serial rear connection Serial communication can be used optionally through an optical connection either in loop or star topology The connection idle state is light on or light off 12 2 6 Communication interfaces and protocols The communication pr...

Page 687: ...on 12 1MAC050144 MB C IED physical connections 680 615 series ANSI Technical Manual 12 2 7 Rear communication modules Figure 370 Communication module options COM0033 3xRJ 45 ST ARC COM0034 LC 2xRJ 45 ST ARC ...

Page 688: ...activity TX1 X5 COM2 2 wire 4 wire transmit activity RX2 X5 COM1 2 wire receive activity TX2 X5 COM1 2 wire transmit activity I B X5 IRIG B signal activity LED Connector Description1 1 Depending on the jumper configuration FX X12 Not used by COMB23A LAN X1 LAN Link status and activity RJ 45 and LC FL X12 Not used by COMB23A RX X6 COM1 2 wire 4 wire receive activity TX X6 COM1 2 wire 4 wire transmi...

Page 689: ...C050144 MB C IED physical connections 682 615 series ANSI Technical Manual 12 2 7 1 COMB01A COMB014A jumper locations and connections Figure 371 Jumper connectors on communication module 2 1 X8 X9 X7 X4 X6 X5 1 2 3 3 ...

Page 690: ...er connection Description Notes X4 1 2 A bias enabled COM2 2 wire connection 2 3 A bias disabled X5 1 2 B bias enabled 2 3 B bias disabled X6 1 2 Bus termination enabled 2 3 Bus termination disabled X7 1 2 B bias enabled COM1 2 wire connection 2 3 B bias disabled X8 1 2 A bias enabled 2 3 A bias disabled X9 1 2 Bus termination enabled 2 3 Bus termination disabled Group Jumper connection Descriptio...

Page 691: ...o 2 wire ports are calIed COM1 and COM2 Alternatively if only one 4 wire port is configured the port is called COM2 The fibre optic ST connection uses the COM1 port Table 553 Configuration options of the two independent communication ports Termination is enabled at each end of the bus It is recommended to ground the signal directly to ground from one node and through capacitor from other nodes Col...

Page 692: ...communication module COMB023A COM1 port connection type can be either EIA 232 or EIA 485 Type is selected by setting jumpers X19 X20 X21 X26 The jumpers are set to EIA 232 by default 6 X 26 X 8 X 11 X 19 X 9 X 5 X 7 X 21 X 6 X 20 1 2 3 1 2 3 X 17 X 18 X 16 X15 X14 X13 1 2 3 X24 1 2 3 X3 X25 1 2 3 5 4 3 2 1 X 27 X 28 3 2 1 ...

Page 693: ...ither EIA 485 or optical ST Connection type is selected by setting jumpers X27 and X28 Group Jumper connection Description X19 1 2 2 3 EIA 485 EIA 232 X20 1 2 2 3 EIA 485 EIA 232 X21 1 2 2 3 EIA 485 EIA 232 X26 1 2 2 3 EIA 485 EIA 232 Group Jumper connection Description Notes X5 1 2 2 3 A bias enabled A bias disabled1 1 Default setting COM1 Rear connector X6 2 wire connection X6 1 2 2 3 B bias ena...

Page 694: ...bias enabled A bias disabled X14 1 2 2 3 B bias enabled B bias disabled X15 1 2 2 3 Bus termination enabled Bus termination disabled Group Jumper connection Description Notes X13 1 2 2 3 A bias enabled A bias disabled COM2 4 wire TX channel X14 1 2 2 3 B bias enabled B bias disabled X15 1 2 2 3 Bus termination enabled Bus termination disabled X17 1 2 2 3 A bias enabled A bias disabled 4 wire RX ch...

Page 695: ...5 12 2 7 3 COM0033 and COM0034 jumper locations and connections The optional communication modules include support for optical ST serial communication X9 connector The fiber optic ST connection uses the COM1 port Pin EIA 232 1 DCD 2 RxD 3 TxD 4 DTR 5 AGND 6 7 RTS 8 CTS Pin 2 wire mode 4 wire mode 1 Rx 6 Rx 7 B Tx 8 A Tx Pin 2 wire mode 4 wire mode 9 Rx 8 Rx 7 A Tx 6 B Tx 5 AGND isolated ground 4 I...

Page 696: ...1MAC050144 MB C Section 12 IED physical connections 615 series ANSI 689 Technical Manual Figure 373 Jumper connections on communication module COM0033 ...

Page 697: ...le COM0034 Table 564 X9 Optical ST jumper connectors 12 2 8 Recommended industrial Ethernet switches ABB recommends three third party industrial Ethernet switches RuggedCom RS900 RuggedCom RS1600 RuggedCom RSG2100 Group Jumper Connection Description X15 1 2 Star Topology 2 3 Loop Topology X24 1 2 Idle state Light on 2 3 Idle state Light off ...

Page 698: ...ype 1 Type 2 Vaux 100 110 120 220 240 V AC 50 and 60 Hz 24 30 48 60 V DC 48 60 110 125 220 250 V DC Maximum interruption time in the auxiliary DC voltage without resetting the IED 50 ms at Vauxrated Vaux variation 38 110 of Vn 38 264 V AC 50 120 of Vn 12 72 V DC 80 120 of Vn 38 4 300 V DC Start up threshold 19 2 V DC 24 V DC 80 Burden of auxiliary voltage supply under quiescent Pq operating condit...

Page 699: ... withstand Half wave value 250 A 1250 A Input impedance 100 mΩ 20 mΩ Voltage inputs Rated voltage Vn 60 210 V AC Voltage withstand Continuous For 10 s 2 x Vn 240 V AC 3 x Vn 360 V AC Burden at rated voltage 0 05 VA 1 Ordering option for ground current input 2 Not available for RET615 3 Ground current and or phase current Description Value Operating range 20 of the rated voltage Rated voltage 24 25...

Page 700: ... RTD resistance sensing current Maximum 0 33 mA rms Operation accuracy Resistance Temperature 2 0 or 1 Ω 1 C 10 copper 2 C mA inputs Supported current range 0 20 mA Current input impedance 44 Ω 0 1 Operation accuracy 0 5 or 0 01 mA Description Value Rated voltage 250 V AC DC Continuous contact carry 5 A Make and carry for 3 0 s 15 A Make and carry for 0 5 s 30 A Breaking capacity when the control ...

Page 701: ...C Trip circuit monitoring TCM Control voltage range Current drain through the monitoring circuit Minimum voltage over the TCM contact 20 250 V AC DC 1 5 mA 20 V AC DC 15 20 V Description Value Rated voltage 250 V AC DC Continuous contact carry 8 A Make and carry for 3 0 s 15 A Make and carry for 0 5 s 30 A Breaking capacity when the control circuit time constant L R 40 ms at 48 110 220 V DC 5 A 3 ...

Page 702: ...col Shielded twisted pair CAT 5e cable with RJ 45 connector or fibre optic cable with LC connector 100 MBits s Type Counter connector Serial port X5 10 pin counter connector Weidmuller BL 3 5 10 180F AU OR BEDR or 9 pin counter connector Weidmuller BL 3 5 9 180F AU OR BEDR1 Serial port X16 9 pin D sub connector DE 9 Serial port X12 Optical ST connector Connector Fibre type Wave length Max distance...

Page 703: ...cription Value Fiber optic cable including lens 1 5 m 3 0 m or 5 0 m Normal service temperature range of the lens 40 100 C Maximum service temperature range of the lens max 1 h 140 C Minimum permissible bending radius of the connection fiber 3 94 inches 100 mm Description Value Front side IP 54 Description Value Operating temperature range 25 55ºC continuous Short time service temperature range RE...

Page 704: ... frequency interference tests 20 V m prior to modulation f 80 1000 MHz sweep and keying test IEEE C37 90 2 2004 Fast transient disturbance test All ports 4 kV common mode differential mode IEEE C37 90 1 2002 Test Description Requirement Reference Vibration tests sinusoidal Class 2 IEC 60255 21 1 Shock and bump tests Class 2 IEC 60255 21 2 Mechanical durability 200 withdrawals and insertions of the...

Page 705: ...h at 55 C 16 h at 85 C1 2 IEC 60068 2 2 Dry cold test 40 C 12h2 3 IEEE C37 90 2005 96 h at 25ºC 6 h at 40ºC IEC 60068 2 1 Damp heat test 25 C Rh 95 96h IEEE C37 90 2005 6 cycles 12 h 12 h at 25 C 55 C humidity 93 IEC 60068 2 30 Storage test 85 C 96h 40 C 96h IEEE C37 90 2005 1 For IED s with an LC communication interface the maximum operating temperature 70 C 2 LCD may be unreadable but IED is ope...

Page 706: ... 615 series ANSI 699 Technical Manual Section 15 Applicable standards and regulations EMC council directive 2004 108 EC EU directive 2002 96 EC 175 IEC 60255 IEEE C37 90 1 2002 IEEE C37 90 2 2004 IEEE C37 90 3 2001 IEEE C37 90 2005 Low voltage directive 2006 95 EC ...

Page 707: ...Section 15 1MAC050144 MB C Applicable standards and regulations 700 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 708: ...lk CB Circuit breaker CBB Cycle building block CPU Central processing unit CT Current transformer CTS Clear to send DFR Digital fault recorder DFT Discrete Fourier transform DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNP3 A distributed network protocol originally developed by Westronic The DNP3 Users Group has the ownership of the protocol and assumes responsibility for its evolution DSR Data set re...

Page 709: ...icon company in 1979 Originally used for communication in PLCs and RTU devices MV Medium voltage PC Personal computer Polycarbonate PCM600 Protection and Control IED Manager Peak to peak The amplitude of a waveform between its maximum positive value and its maximum negative value A measurement principle where the measurement quantity is made by calculating the average from the positive and negativ...

Page 710: ...operate SCL Substation configuration language SMT Signal Matrix Tool in PCM600 SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol SOTF Switch on to fault SW Software TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCS Trip circuit supervision TRMS True root mean square value UTC Coordinated universal time WAN Wide area network WHMI Web human machine interface ...

Page 711: ...Section 16 1MAC050144 MB C Glossary 704 615 series ANSI Technical Manual ...

Page 712: ......

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