Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNA
140
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 12
unknown through almost cancel, whereas they add up in the UOSM technique. As a
consequence, Adapter Removal will provide more accurate results.
●
Adapter Removal is not defined for more than 2 ports. However, with "Multiple Cali-
brations per Channel" enabled, multiple (disjoint) port pairs can be calibrated using
Adapter Removal.
●
Currently Adapter Removal is not supported with
5.5.1.6
TOM Calibration
A TOM (Through – Open – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, an Open,
and a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match can
have non-ideal characteristics.
5.5.1.7
TSM Calibration
A TSM (Through – Short – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, a Short, and
a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match can have
non-ideal characteristics.
TSM calibration can replace TOM calibration if no appropriate Open standard is availa-
ble, especially in the high frequency domain.
5.5.1.8
TRM Calibration
A TRM (Through – Reflect – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, a Reflect,
and a Match. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be
unknown but must be nonzero; its phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magni-
tude and phase of the reflection coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
TRM calibration is especially useful for DUTs in test fixtures.
5.5.1.9
TRL Calibration
A TRL (Through – Reflect – Line) calibration requires the two-port standards Through
and Line, which are both assumed to be ideally matched. Beyond that, the Through
must be lossless, and its length must be exactly known. The length of the Line stan-
dard must be known approximately.
Furthermore, a reflecting one-port standard (Reflect) is needed. The magnitude of the
reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be unknown but must be nonzero; its
phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magnitude and phase of the reflection
coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
Calibration
