Concepts and Features
R&S
®
ZNA
103
User Manual 1178.6462.02 ─ 12
The indices of the S-parameters described so far number the output and input ports of
a DUT; the parameters are referred to as single-ended S-parameters. The S-parameter
description can also be used to differentiate between different propagation modes of
the waves at the output and input ports. This results in the so-called mixed mode S-
parameters. The analyzer measures either single-ended or mixed mode S-parameters.
5.3.1.2
Redefined S-Parameters
The analyzer firmware allows you to redefine the physical VNA ports, simply by speci-
fying:
●
a reference receiver ("a wave")
●
a measurement receiver ("b wave")
●
a generator ("Source" VNA or external generator port)
As a consequence, the measured S-parameters and other wave quantities are also
redefined.
●
The receivers and generators can be freely assigned, but without reusing the same
(original) physical port in different (redefined) ports.
This can be used to insert external components (e.g. external signal separating devi-
ces, power amplifiers etc.) into the signal path to develop custom measurements, e.g.
to test high-power devices and extend the dynamic range.
Amp
Ext
Gen 1
VNA
2
1
Dual
Directional Coupler
DUT
Redefined Physical Port 1
a wave: b
1
b wave: b
2
Source: Ext Gen 1
Figure 5-4: Redefined physical port 1 (port 2 not used)
Amp
VNA
3
2
coupler
DUT
Redefined Physical Port 1
a wave: b
2
b wave: b
3
Source: Port 1
Redefined Physical Port 2
a wave: a
4
b wave: b
4
Source: Port 4
1
4
Figure 5-5: Two redefined ports
Measurement Results
