ZyXEL Communications SAM1316-22, User Manual

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Chapter 17 VLAN
SAM1316-22 User’s Guide
134
configured dynamically using GVRP.
1
The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame
across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame
and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the type/
length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information,
starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for
Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then
that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining
twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (2
12
)
VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that
only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given
as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify
priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
The SAM1316-22 handles up to 4094 VLANs (VIDs 1-4094). The device accepts
incoming frames with VIDs 1-4094.
17.2.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the device is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To
forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware
switch, the SAM1316-22 first decides where to forward the frame and then strips
off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an
802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the SAM1316-22 first decides where to forward the
frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The
default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
The egress (outgoing) port(s) of a frame is determined on the combination of the
destination MAC address and the VID of the frame. For a unicast frame, the egress
port (based on the destination MAC address) must be a member of the VID, also;
otherwise, the frame is blocked. For a broadcast frame, it is duplicated only on
ports (except the ingress port itself) that are members of the VID, thus confining
the broadcast to a specific domain.
1. GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) defines a way for switches to automatically configure switches in a
VLAN network.
TPID
2
Bytes User Priority
3 Bits CFI
1 Bit VLAN ID
12 bits