Avtodizel ???-238??, Operating Instructions Manual, Page: 108 / 254

108
FEATURES OF WINTER OPERATION
To ensure an uninterrupted engine run in winter conditions
carry out seasonal maintenance in good time: change the fuel, oil and
coolants for winter grades ones and operate the engine in compliance
with the general rules of winter operation.
The fuel tanks, fuel primary filter, fuel pipelines and accumula-
tor batteries are to be warmed (to be made weatherproof) with some
insulation material.
As a coolant use a frost-proof cooling liquid (See Section "Op-
eration Materials"), suiting your climatic conditions. Ethylene glycol
cooling liquids have greater than water the factor of volumetric expan-
sion, therefore they must be poured into the engine cooling system in
the amount less by 1.5 litres than the refilling capacity specified for
water.
It should be remembered that the antifreeze is poisonous for
human internal use, but at the same time it is safe for skin coverlets and
respiratory system.
If the cooling liquid volume has decreased due to evaporation,
but not due to leakage, then add only water into the cooling system, as
the amount of ethylene glycol remains constant, owing to its high boil-
ing temperature.
If water is used for cooling the engine, then, at ambient air sub-
zero temperatures and with no warming-up available after the engine
shut-down, it is necessary to drain water from cooling system to pre-
vent the engine damage. Other restrictions on application of water at
negative temperatures see "Operation Manual" of a vehicle.
The electrical starting system of the engine ensures starting the
engine at temperatures up to minus 10ºC, on condition of serviceable
batteries and the use of winter grades of motor oils and fuels. When
using the pilot-flame pre-heater the starting is ensured at ambient air
temperature up to minus 20ºC. At air temperatures below minus 20º
C
the starting should be effected after warming-up of the engine with a
heat booster. During winter operation the temperature of the cooling
liquid should be monitored and if it drops down to minus 70ºC the
hood and radiator are to be warmed with protective covers.