Hawker Beechcraft Hawker 800XP, Руководство по эксплуатации для пилотов

Страница: 917 / 923

Page 24
Pilot’s Operating Manual
Revision A1: Nov, 2002
Hawker 800XP Pro Line 21
Section VII - SAFETY INFORMATION
MEDICAL FACTS FOR PILOTS
General
When entering the airplane, the pilot becomes an integral part of the man-machine system and is just
as essential to a successful flight as the control surfaces. To ignore the pilot in preflight planning would
be as senseless as failing to inspect the integrity of the control surfaces or any other vital part of the
machine. The pilot has the responsibility for determining their own reliability prior to entering the
airplane for flight.
When piloting an airplane, an individual should be free of conditions which are harmful to alertness,
ability to make correct decisions, and rapid reaction time.
Fatigue
Fatigue generally slows reaction time and causes errors due to inattention. In addition to the most
common cause of fatigue, insufficient rest and loss of sleep, the pressures of business, financial
worries, and family problems can be important contributing factors. If you are tired, don’t fly.
Hypoxia
Hypoxia, in simple terms, is a lack of sufficient oxygen to keep the brain and other body tissues
functioning properly.
There is a wide individual variation in susceptibility to hypoxia. In addition to progressively insufficient
oxygen at higher altitudes, anything interfering with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen can contribute to
hypoxia (anemias, carbon monoxide, and certain drugs). Also, alcohol and various drugs decrease the
brain’s tolerance to hypoxia.
Your body has no built-in alarm system to let you know when you are not getting enough oxygen. It is
impossible to predict when or where hypoxia will occur during a given flight, or how it will manifest itself.
Some of the common symptoms of hypoxia are increased breathing rate, a light-headed or dizzy
sensation, tingling or warm sensation, sweating, reduced visual field, sleepiness, blue coloring of skin,
fingernails, and lips, and behavior changes. A particularly dangerous feature of hypoxia is an increased
sense of well-being called euphoria. It obscures a person’s ability and desire to be self-critical, slows
reaction time, and impairs thinking ability. Consequently, a hypoxic individual commonly believes things
are getting progressively better while nearing total collapse.
The symptoms are slow but progressive, insidious in onset, and are most marked at altitudes above
10,000 feet. Night vision, however, can be impaired starting at an altitude of 5000 feet. Persons who
have recently overindulged in alcohol, who are moderate to heavy smokers, or who take certain drugs,
may be more susceptible to hypoxia. Susceptibility may also vary in the same individual from day to day
or even morning to evening.
Depending upon altitude, a hypoxic individual requires more time to make decisions and perform useful
acts. If pressurization equipment fails, the pilot and passengers have only a certain amount of time to
get an oxygen mask on before they exceed their time of useful consciousness. The time of useful
consciousness is approximately 3-5 minutes at 25,000 feet of altitude for the average individual and
diminishes markedly as altitude increases. At 30,000 feet altitude, for example, the time of useful
consciousness is approximately 1-2 minutes. Therefore, in the event of depressurization, oxygen masks
should be used immediately.