5RPkQă
$FHVWHD QX VXQW YLWH]H DFWXDOH DOH WUDQVPLVLH GH
GDWH
/RFDĠLDXQGHWUDQVPLVLDHVWHFHDPDLH¿FLHQWăGLIHUă
vQIXQFĠLHGHIRORVLUHDPHGLXOXL
)XQFĠLDZLUHOHVVDWHOHYL]RUXOXLVXSRUWăPRGHPXULGH
WLSDEJúLQ(VWHUHFRPDQGDWVăXWLOL]DĠL
SURWRFROXO GH FRPXQLFDUH ,((( Q SHQWUX D
HYLWD RULFH SRVLELOH SUREOHPH vQ WLPSXO YL]LRQăULL
YLGHRFOLSXULORU
7UHEXLH Vă PRGLILFDĠL 66,'XO PRGHPXOXL GDFă
H[LVWăDOWHPRGHPXULFXDFHODúL66,'ÌQFD]FRQWUDU
SXWHĠL vQWkPSLQD SUREOHPH GH FRQH[LXQH 8WLOL]DĠL
FRQH[LXQHD FDEODWă GDFă H[SHULPHQWDĠL SUREOHPH
FXFRQH[LXQHDZLUHOHVV
&RQ¿JXUDUHDVHWăULORUGLVSR]LWLYXOXLZLUHOHVV
'HVFKLGHĠLPHQLXO
1HWZRUN6HWăULUHĠHD
úLDOHJHĠL
1HWZRUN 7\SH
(
7LSXO GH UHĠHD FD úL :LUHOHVV
'HYLFH
(
'LVSR]LWLYIăUă¿U
SHQWUXDLQLĠLDSURFHVXO
GHFRQHFWDUH
6HOHFWD܊LRS܊LXQHD
6FDQ:LUHOHVV1HWZRUNV6FDQDUH
UH܊HOH ZLUHOHVV
܈L DSăVD܊L
2.
SHQWUX D vQFHSH R
FăXWDUH SHQWUX UH܊HOH ZLUHOHVV GLVSRQLELOH 7RDWH
UH܊HOHOHJăVLWHYRU¿OLVWDWH6HOHFWDĠLUHĠHDXDGRULWăGLQ
OLVWăúLDSăVDĠLSH
2.
SHQWUXFRQHFWDUH
1RWă
'DFă PRGHPXO DFFHSWă PRGXO 1 VXQW GH SUHIHUDW
VHWăULOHPRGXOXL1
'DFă UHĠHDXD VHOHFWDWă HVWH SURWHMDWă FX SDUROă
LQWURGXFHĠLSDURODFRUHFWăXWLOL]kQGWDVWDWXUDYLUWXDOă
3XWHĠLXWLOL]DDFHDVWăWDVWDWXUăFXDMXWRUXOEXWRDQHORU
GLUHFĠLRQDOHúLDOEXWRQXOXL
2.
GHSHWHOHFRPDQGă
$úWHSWDĠLSkQăDGUHVD,3HVWHD¿úDWăSHHFUDQ
$FHVW OXFUX vQVHDPQă Fă FRQH[LXQHD HVWH DFXP
VWDELOLWă3HQWUXGHFRQHFWDUHDGHODRUHĠHDZLUHOHVV
VHOHFWDĠL
7LSUHĠHD
úLDSăVDĠLEXWRDQHOHODVWkQJDVDX
la dreapta pentru a seta ca
'H]DFWLYDW
'DFăURXWHUXOGYVDUH:36YăSXWH܊LFRQHFWDGLUHFW
OD IăUă D LQWURGXFH SDUROD VDX D DGăXJD PDL vQWkL
UH܊HDXD6HOHFWD܊LRS܊LXQHD³
3UHVV:36RQ\RXUZL¿
URXWHU
´$SăVD܊L:36GHSHURXWHUXOZL¿܈LDSăVD܊L
2.
0HUJH܊LODURXWHU܈LDSăVD܊LEXWRQXO:36GHSHHO
SHQWUXDHIHFWXDFRQH[LXQHD9H܊LYHGHDRFRQ¿UPDUH
GHFRQHFWDUHSHWHOHYL]RUXOGYVRGDWăFHGLVSR]LWLYHOH
VDXFRQHFWDW6HOHFWDĠL
2.
SHQWUXDFRQWLQXD1XHVWH
QHFHVDUăDOWăFRQ¿JXUDUH
6HOHFWDĠL
7HVW GH YLWH]ă D LQWHUQHWXOXL
úL DSăVDĠL
EXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUX D YHUL¿FD YLWH]D GH FRQH[LXQH
OD LQWHUQHW 6HOHFWDĠL
$GYDQFHG
6HWWLQJV
6HWăUL
DYDQVDWH ܈L DSăVDĠL EXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUX D GHVFKLGH
PHQLXOVHWăULDYDQVDWH)RORVLĠLEXWRDQHOHGLUHF܊LRQDOH
܈L QXPHULFH SHQWUX D VHWD$SăVDĠL EXWRQXO 6DYH
6DOYDUH܈LDSăVD܊LEXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUXDVDOYDVHWăULOH
DWXQFLFkQGDĠLWHUPLQDW
$OWHLQIRUPDĠLL
6WDUHD FRQH[LXQLL YD IL DILúDWă GUHSW
&RQQHFWHG
&RQHFWDWă VDX
1RW FRQQHFWHG
1HFRQHFWDWă ܈L
DGUHVD,3FXUHQWăGDFăHVWHVWDELOLWăRFRQH[LXQH
&RQHFWDUHDODWHOHIRQXOPRELOSULQ:/$1
'DFă GLVSR]LWLYXO GYV PRELO HVWH GRWDW FX
FDUDFWHULVWLFD:/$1vOSXWHĠLFRQHFWDODWHOHYL]RUXO
GYV FX DMXWRUXO XQXL URXWHU SHQWUX D DFFHVD
FRQĠLQXWXOGLVSR]LWLYXOXL3HQWUXDFHVWOXFUXWHOHIRQXO
PRELO WUHEXLH Vă DLEă XQ VRIWZDUH GH SDUWDMDUH
FRUHVSXQ]ăWRU
&RQHFWD܊L WHOHYL]RUXO GYV OD URXWHU XUPkQG SD܈LL
PHQ܊LRQD܊LvQVHF܊LXQLOHGHPDLVXV
'XSăDFHHDFRQHFWDĠLGLVSR]LWLYXOPRELOODURXWHUúL
DSRLDFWLYDĠLVRIWZDUHXOGHSDUWDMDUHGHSHDFHVWD
$SRLVHOHFWDĠL¿úLHUHOHSHFDUHDĠLGRULVăOHSDUWDMDĠL
SHWHOHYL]RU
ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH FRQH[LXQHD HVWH VWDELOLWă FRUHFW
DFXPDUWUHEXLVăSXWHĠLDFFHVD¿úLHUHOHSDUWDMDWH
GHSHWHOHIRQFXDMXWRUXOIXQF܊LHL$96
DXGLRYLGHR
VKDULQJ
DWHOHYL]RUXOXL
6HOHFWD܊LRS܊LXQHD
AVS
GLQPHQLXO
6RXUFHV6XUVH
܈LDSăVD܊L
2.
GLVSR]LWLYHOHGLVSRQLELOHSHVHUYHUXO
PHGLD YRU ¿ D¿܈DWH 6HOHFWDĠL GLVSR]LWLYXO PRELO úL
DSăVDĠLEXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUXDFRQWLQXD
'DFă IXQFĠLD HVWH GLVSRQLELOă SXWHĠL GHVFăUFD
DSOLFDĠLDSHQWUXWHOHFRPDQGăYLUWXDOăGHSHVHUYHUXO
IXUQL]RUXOXLGHVHUYLFLLDOWHOHIRQXOXLPRELO
1RWă
(VWHSRVLELOFDDFHDVWăIXQFĠLHVăQX¿HVXSRUWDWăGH
XQHOHGLVSR]LWLYHPRELOH
7UH]LUH
:DNHRQ/$1 :R/ úL :DNHRQ:LUHOHVV /$1
:R:/$1VXQWVWDQGDUGHFDUHSHUPLWXQXLGLVSR]LWLY
Vă¿HSRUQLWVDXWUH]LWGHXQPHVDMGHUHĠHD0HVDMXO
HVWHWULPLVODGLVSR]LWLYSULQWUXQSURJUDPH[HFXWDWSH
XQGLVSR]LWLYVHSDUDWFRQHFWDWODDFHHDúLUHĠHDORFDOă
SUHFXPXQVPDUWSKRQH
7HOHYL]RUXOGYVHVWHFRPSDWLELOFX:ROúL:R:/$1
$FHDVWă IXQF܊LH DU SXWHD IL GH]DFWLYDWă vQ WLPSXO
SURFHVXOXL )LUVW 7LPH ,QVWDOODWLRQ 3ULPD ,QVWDODUH
3HQWUX D DFWLYD DFHDVWă IXQFĠLH VHWDĠL RSĠLXQHD
:DNH2Q
WUH]LUHDFWLYăGLQPHQLXO
1HWZRUN
5HĠHD
VHWăULLQWHUQHWFD
2Q
DFWLYDW(VWHQHFHVDUFDDWkW
GLVSR]LWLYXOGHODFDUHPHVDMXOGHUHĠHDYD¿WULPLVD
WHOHYL]RUFkWúLWHOHYL]RUXOVXQWFRQHFWDWHODDFHHDúL
UHĠHD)XQF܊LDÄ:DNH2Q´HVWHDFFHSWDWăGRDUSHQWUX
GLVSR]LWLYHOHFX$QGURLG26܈LSRDWH¿IRORVLWGRDUSULQ
DSOLFD܊LLOH<RX7XEH܈L1HWÀL[
3HQWUX D IRORVL DFHDVWă RSĠLXQH WHOHYL]RUXO úL
WHOHFRPDQGD WUHEXLH Vă ILH FRQHFWDWH FHO SXĠLQ R
GDWăFkWWLPSWHOHYL]RUXOHVWHSRUQLW'DFăWHOHYL]RUXO
HVWHRSULWFRQH[LXQHDWUHEXLHUHVWDELOLWăGDWDYLLWRDUH
FkQGHSRUQLWÌQFD]FRQWUDUDFHDVWăIXQFĠLHQXYD
5RPkQă
¿ GLVSRQLELOă$FHVW OXFUX QX VH DSOLFă DWXQFL FkQG
WHOHYL]RUXOWUHFHvQPRGXOVWDQGE\
'DFăGRUL܊LFDWHOHYL]RUXOGYVVăFRQVXPHPDLSX܊LQ
FXUHQWvQPRGXOGHVWDQGE\SXWH܊LGH]DFWLYDDFHDVWă
IXQF܊LHVHWkQGRS܊LXQHD
:DNH2Q
(Trezire la) pe
2II
GH]DFWLYDW
$¿úDMZLUHOHVV
$¿úDMXOZLUHOHVVHVWHVWDQGDUGSHQWUXUHGDUHDvQÀX[
DFRQ܊LQXWXOXLYLGHRúLDXGLR$FHDVWăIXQFĠLHDVLJXUă
SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D XWLOL]D WHOHYL]RUXO FD GLVSR]LWLY GH
D¿úDUHZLUHOHVV
8WLOL]DUHDFXGLVSR]LWLYHPRELOH
([LVWă GLIHULWH VWDQGDUG FDUH SHUPLW SDUWDMDUHD
HFUDQHORULQFOX]kQGFRQĠLQXWJUD¿FYLGHRúLDXGLRvQWUH
GLVSR]LWLYXOGXPQHDYRDVWUăPRELOúLWHOHYL]RU
&RQHFWDĠL GLVSR]LWLYXO 86% ZLUHOHVV PDL vQWkL OD
WHOHYL]RU GDFă WHOHYL]RUXO QX DUH R IXQFĠLH :/$1
LQWHUQă
$SRLDSăVDĠLSHEXWRQXO
6XUVă
GHSHWHOHFRPDQGăúL
FRPXWDĠLODVXUVD
$¿úDMZLUHOHVV
(VWHD¿úDWXQHFUDQFDUHLQGLFăIDSWXOFăWHOHYL]RUXO
HVWHSUHJăWLWSHQWUXFRQH[LXQH
'HVFKLGHĠL DSOLFDĠLD GH SDUWDMDUH GH SH GLVSR]LWLYXO
GYVPRELO$FHVWHDSOLFDĠLLVXQWGHQXPLWHGLIHULWSHQWUX
¿HFDUH PDUFă FRQVXOWDĠL PDQXDOXO GH LQVWUXFĠLXQL DO
GLVSR]LWLYXOXLGXPQHDYRDVWUăPRELOSHQWUXLQIRUPDĠLL
GHWDOLDWH
6FDQDĠL SHQWUX D LGHQWLILFD GLVSR]LWLYH 'XSă FH
VHOHFWDĠL WHOHYL]RUXO úL UHDOL]DĠL FRQH[LXQHD HFUDQXO
GLVSR]LWLYXOXLGXPQHDYRDVWUăYD¿D¿úDWSHWHOHYL]RUXO
GXPQHDYRDVWUă
1RWă
$FHDVWă FDUDFWHULVWLFă SRDWH ¿ XWLOL]DWă QXPDL GDFă
GLVSR]LWLYXOPRELOVXSRUWăDFHDVWăIXQFĠLH'DFăvQWkPSLQDĠL
SUREOHPHFXYHUL¿FDUHDFRQH[LXQLLGDFăYHUVLXQHDVLVWHPXOXL
GHRSHUDUHSHFDUHvOIRORVLĠLDFFHSWăDFHDVWăIXQFĠLH$USXWHD
H[LVWDSUREOHPHGHLQFRPSDWLELOLWDWHFXYHUVLXQLOHVLVWHPXOXL
GHRSHUDUHFDUHVXQWODQVDWHGXSăIDEULFDUHDDFHVWXLWHOHYL]RU
3URFHVHOH GH VFDQDUH úL FRQHFWDUH SRW GLIHUL vQ IXQFĠLH GH
SURJUDPXOXWLOL]DW
&RQHFWDUHDGLVSR]LWLYHORU%OXHWRRWK
7HOHYL]RUXOGYVDFFHSWăúLWHKQRORJLDGHFRQH[LXQH
%OXHWRRWK (VWH QHFHVDUă R VLQFURQL]DUH vQDLQWH GH
DXWLOL]DGLVSR]LWLYHOH%OXHWRRWKFXWHOHYL]RUXO3HQWUX
DYăVLQFURQL]DGLVSR]LWLYXOFXWHOHYL]RUXOWUHEXLHVă
SURFHGDĠLvQXUPăWRUXOPRG
6HWDĠLGLVSR]LWLYXOvQPRGXOGHVLQFURQL]DUH
$FWLYDĠLGHVFRSHULUHDGLVSR]LWLYXOXLSHWHOHYL]RU
1RWă
&RQVXOWDĠL PDQXDOXO GH XWLOL]DUH DO GLVSR]LWLYXOXL
%OXHWRRWKSHQWUXDDÀDFXPSXWHĠLVHWDGLVSR]LWLYXOvQPRGXO
GHVLQFURQL]DUH
3XWH܊LFRQHFWDGLVSR]LWLYHOHDXGLRVDXFRQWUROHULGHOD
GLVWDQ܊ăODWHOHYL]RUXOGYVIRORVLQGWHKQRORJLDIăUă¿U
%OXHWRRWK 'HFRQHFWDĠL VDX RSULĠL RULFH DOW GLVSR]LWLY
DXGLR FRQHFWDW SHQWUX FD IXQFĠLD GH FRQH[LXQH
ZLUHOHVV Vă IXQFĠLRQH]H FRUHFW 3HQWUX GLVSR]LWLYHOH
DXGLR WUHEXLH Vă IRORVLĠL RSĠLXQHD
%OXHWRRWK
din
PHQLXO
6HWăUL!6XQHW
SHQWUX GLVSR]LWLYH GH FRQWURO
GHODGLVWDQĠăRSĠLXQHD
7HOHFRPDQGă,QWHOLJHQWă
din
PHQLXO
6HWăUL!6LVWHP!0DLPXOWH
6HOHFWDĠLRSĠLXQHD
GLQPHQLXúLDSăVDĠLSHEXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUXDGHVFKLGH
PHQLXODVRFLDW)RORVLQGDFHVWPHQLXSXWHĠLGHVFRSHUL
úL FRQHFWD GLVSR]LWLYHOH FDUH IRORVHVF DFHHDúL
WHKQRORJLH ZLUHOHVV %OXHWRRWK úL SXWHĠL vQFHSH Vă OH
IRORVLĠL 8UPăULĠL LQVWUXFĠLXQLOH GH SH HFUDQ ÌQFHSHĠL
GHVFRSHULUHD GLVSR]LWLYXOXL 6H YD D¿úD R OLVWă FX
GLVSR]LWLYHOH%OXHWRRWKGLVSRQLELOH6HOHFWDĠLGLQOLVWă
GLVSR]LWLYXOSHFDUHGRULĠLVăOFRQHFWDĠLúLDSăVDĠLSH
EXWRQXO
2.
SHQWUX D Yă FRQHFWD 'DFă HVWH D¿úDW
PHVDMXO
Ä'LVSR]LWLYGHFRQHFWDW
´FRQH[LXQHDDIRVW
UHDOL]DWăFXVXFFHVÌQFD]XOvQFDUHFRQH[LXQHDQX
SRDWH¿VWDELOLWăvQFHUFDĠLGLQQRX
7UDQVIHUGHLPDJLQLúLVWUHDPLQJDXGLR
'H DVHPHQHD SXWHĠL IRORVL FRQH[LXQHD %OXHWRRWK
SHQWUXDWUDQVIHUDLPDJLQLVDXDIDFHVWUHDPLQJDXGLR
GHODGLVSR]LWLYXOGYVPRELOODWHOHYL]RU
&RQHFWDĠL GLVSR]LWLYXO PRELO úL WHOHYL]RUXO GXSă FXP
DPGHVFULVvQDLQWH(IHFWXDĠLRFăXWDUHGHGLVSR]LWLYH
vQ GLVSR]LWLYXO GYV PRELO 6HOHFWDĠL WHOHYL]RUXO
GXPQHDYRDVWUă GLQ OLVWă &RQILUPDĠL VROLFLWDUHD
GH FRQH[LXQH OD WHOHYL]RUXO GYV úL SURFHGDĠL OD IHO
SH HFUDQXO GLVSR]LWLYXOXL GYV PRELO 'DFă QX VH
HIHFWXHD]ă FRQHFWDUHD WUDQVIHUXO GH LPDJLQL VDX
VWUHDPLQJXODXGLRSHWHOHYL]RUQXHVWHSRVLELOă
,PDJLQLOHWULPLVHGHGLVSR]LWLYXOPRELOYRU¿D¿úDWHSH
WHOHYL]RU IăUă VROLFLWDUH GH FRQ¿UPDUH GDFă ¿úLHUXO
GHLPDJLQHHVWHDGHFYDW'HDVHPHQHDSXWHĠLVDOYD
¿úLHUXOGHLPDJLQHSHXQGLVSR]LWLYGHPHPRULH86%
FRQHFWDW SXWHĠL VHWD XQ ORJR SHQWUX VHFYHQĠD GH
SRUQLUHGDFăDFHDVWăIXQFĠLHHVWHDFFHSWDWăúL¿úLHUXO
HVWHDGHFYDW$SăVDĠLEXWRQXO
([LW,HúLUH
pentru a
WHUPLQDD¿úDUHDLPDJLQLL
6HPQDOXO DXGLR YD ¿ UXWDW SULQ ER[HOH WHOHYL]RUXOXL
GXSă FRQILUPDUH 3HQWUX D vQFHSH VWUHDPLQJXO
DXGLR GHFRQHFWDĠL GLVSR]LWLYXO GH WHOHYL]RU GDFă D
IRVW FRQHFWDW FX WHOHYL]RUXO DQWHULRU 'XSă FH HVWH
HIHFWXDWă FRQHFWDUHD XQ PHVDM GH FRQ¿UPDUH YD ¿
D¿úDWvQWUHEkQGXYăGDFăGRULĠLVăvQFHSHĠLVWUHDPLQJXO
DXGLRGLQGLVSR]LWLYXOGYVPRELO6HOHFWDĠL
<HV'D
úL
DSăVDĠLEXWRQXO
2.
GHSHWHOHFRPDQGDWHOHYL]RUXOXL
'DFă R FRQH[LXQH HVWH UHDOL]DWă WRDWH VHPQDOHOH
DXGLRYRU¿UXWDWHSULQER[HOHWHOHYL]RUXOXL8QVLPERO
YDDSăUHDvQSDUWHDGHVXVDHFUDQXOXL79DWkWWLPSFkW
FRQH[LXQHDGHVWUHDPLQJDXGLRHVWHDFWLYă3HQWUXD
WHUPLQDVWUHDPLQJXODXGLRWUHEXLHVăRSULĠLFRQH[LXQHD
%OXHWRRWKDGLVSR]LWLYXOXLGYVPRELO
ÌQFKLGHĠLWRDWHDSOLFDĠLLOHFDUHUXOHD]ăúLWRDWHPHQLXULOH
GHSHWHOHYL]RUSHQWUXXQWUDQVIHUIăUăSUREOHPH'RDU
¿úLHUHOHGHLPDJLQHFXGLPHQVLXQLPDLPLFLGH0%úL
vQXUPăWRDUHOHIRUPDWHGH¿úLHUHVXQWDGHFYDWH
MSJ
MSHJSQJEPS
'DFăXQ¿úLHUWULPLVGHXQGLVSR]LWLY
