App-4
IM 701830-01E
Appendix 3 How to Calculate the Area of a Waveform
“Integ1TY”
Total area for positive side only: S
1
+S
2
;;
S
1
S
2
“Integ2TY”
Total area for both positive and negative sides: S
1
+S
3
–S
2
;
;;
;
S
1
S
3
S
2
“Integ1XY”
;
;
;
(1) Multiplc loops
S
0
Start point,
Stop point
Area S= n
×
S
0
n: Number of loops
;
;
(2) Non-closed curve
S
0
Start point
Area S= S
0
Area enclosed by
a curve connecting
the start and stop
points
Stop point
(3) Loop tracing the shape of "8"
Area S= | S
0
– S
1
|
(4) Spiral loop
Area S= S
0
×
2+S
1
Number of overlaps
varies according to
the number of loops.
Stop point
;
;
S
0
S
1
Start point
Stop point
;
Start
point
S
0
Waveform
S
1
“Integ2XY”
;
(1) When only one Y data corresponds to X data
1
3
;
Start point
Stop point
S
0
Area S=S
0
X axis (Y=0)
;
X axis (Y=0)
Area S= –S
0
Stop point
Start point
S
0
2
4
;
;
Stop point
Start point
S
0
Area S=S
0
–S
1
X axis (Y=0)
;
X axis (Y=0)
Area S=S
0
Start point
Stop point
S
0
(2) When the waveform extends into the negative side
;
X axis (Y=0)
S
0
S
1
Start point
Stop point
(2) When two or more Y data correspond to X data
X axis (Y=0)
;
;
S
0
Start point
Stop point
Area S=S
0
X axis (Y=0)
;;
;;
;
S
0
Stop
point
Start point
Area S=S
0
+2
×
S
1
+S
2
S
1
S
2
Area S= –S
0
