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A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge
Teledyne ML - T101 Operation Manual
280
workbench, using a plastic handled screwdriver or even the constant jostling of
Styrofoam
TM
pellets during shipment can also build hefty static charges
Table 11-1. Static Generation Voltages for Typical Activities
MEANS OF GENERATION
65-90%
RH
10-25%
RH
Walking across nylon carpet
1,500V
35,000V
Walking across vinyl tile
250V
12,000V
Worker at bench
100V
6,000V
Poly bag picked up from bench
1,200V
20,000V
Moving around in a chair padded
with urethane foam
1,500V
18,000V
11.2.
HOW ELECTRO-STATIC CHARGES CAUSE DAMAGE
Damage to components occurs when these static charges come into contact with an
electronic device. Current flows as the charge moves along the conductive circuitry of
the device and the typically very high voltage levels of the charge overheat the delicate
traces of the integrated circuits, melting them or even vaporizing parts of them. When
examined by microscope the damage caused by electro-static discharge looks a lot like
tiny bomb craters littered across the landscape of the component’s circuitry.
A quick comparison of the values in Table 11-1 with the those shown in the Table 11-2,
listing device susceptibility levels, shows why
Semiconductor Reliability News
estimates
that approximately 60% of device failures are the result of damage due to electro-static
discharge.
Table 11-2. Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD
DEVICE
DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY
VOLTAGE RANGE
DAMAGE BEGINS
OCCURRING AT
CATASTROPHIC
DAMAGE AT
MOSFET
10
100
VMOS
30
1800
NMOS
60
100
GaAsFET
60
2000
EPROM
100
100
JFET
140
7000
SAW
150
500
Op-AMP
190
2500
CMOS
200
3000
Schottky Diodes
300
2500
Film Resistors
300
3000
This Film
Resistors
300
7000
ECL
500
500
SCR
500
1000
Schottky TTL
500
2500
Potentially damaging electro-static discharges can occur:
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