ZOLL X Series, Operator'S Manual

Page: 102 / 344

Chapter 7 Monitoring Respiration (Resp) and Heart Rate (HR)
7-2 www.zoll.com 9650-001355-01 Rev. M
Respiration/Breath Rate Meter
If enabled, the X Series unit displays the patient’s respiration in the Respiration/Breath Rate
Meter.
The respiration meter displays the respiration rate that it derives, by default, from the unit’s
CO
2
monitoring function. If CO
2
monitoring is not available, the unit derives the respiration
rate through impedance pneumography , using a specified ECG electrode configuration. If ECG
monitoring isn’t functioning, the
Resp/BR
meter will not display a respiration rate.
Using Impedance Pneumography to Measure Respiration
Impedance pneumography detects respiration by applying a high-frequency, low-current AC
signal to the patient and measuring the changes in impedance through ECG electrode Lead
l
(RA-LA) or Lead ll (RA-LL). As the patient inhales and chest volume expands, impedance
increases; as the patient exhales, impedance decreases.
Warning! • Impedance pneumography detects respiratory effort through changes in chest
volume. However, No Breath episodes with continued respiratory effort may go
undetected. Always monitor and set alarms for SpO
2
when using impedance
pneumography to monitor respiratory function.
• With any monitor that detects respiratory effort through impedance pneumography,
artifact due to patient motion, apnea mattress shaking, or electrocautery use may
cause apnea episodes to go undetected. Always monitor and set alarms for SpO
2
when using impedance pneumography to monitor respiratory function.
• When using impedance pneumography, don’t use the X Series unit with another
respiration monitor on the same patient, because the respiration measurement
signals may interfere with one another.
• Impedance pneumography is not recommended for use on paced patients, because
pacemaker pulses may be falsely counted as breaths.
• Impedance pneumography is not recommended for use with high frequency
ventilation.
• Since impedance pneumography uses the same leads as the ECG channel, the
X Series unit determines which signals are cardiovascular artifact and which signals
are the result of respiratory effort. If the breath rate is within five percent of the
heart rate, the monitor may ignore breaths and trigger a respiration alarm.