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139

Norstar VoIP Gateway Configuration Guide

Chapter 8
Diagnostics and Troubleshooting

Several diagnostic tools are available to help you identify an error condition. The following 
sections describe how to identify an error and provide a solution or work around when working 
with VoIP Gateway.

•

“VoIP Gateway LEDs” on page 139

•

“VoIP Gateway Self-Testing” on page 140

•

“RS-232 terminal” on page 141

•

“SysLog Support” on page 142

•

“Troubleshooting” on page 144

VoIP Gateway LEDs

Table 21   Indicator LEDs on the VoIP Gateway front panel

LED

Type

Color

State

Definition

Ready

Device 
Status

Green

ON

Device powered, self-test OK

Orange

Blinking

Software loading/Initialization

Red

ON

Malfunction

LAN

Ethernet 
Link Status

Green

ON

Valid connection to 10/100 Base-T hub/switch

Red

ON

Malfunction

Control

Control Link

Green

Blinking

Sending and receiving H.323 messages.

Red

Not supported in current release.

Data

Packet 
Status

Green

Blinking

Transmitting RTP packets

Red

Blinking

Receiving RTP packets 

Blank

No traffic

Channels

Telephone 
Interface

Green

ON

The VoIP Gateway off-hooks the line connected to the Norstar 
KSU.

Green

Blinking

There’s an incoming call, before answering

Red

ON

Line malfunction

Blank

-

Normal on-hook position

Summary of Contents for VoIP Gateway

Page 1: ...Part No P0606298 02 August 11 2003 Norstar VoIP Gateway Configuration Guide...

Page 2: ...thout express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networ...

Page 3: ...24 Prerequisites checklist 24 Network diagram 24 Network devices 25 Network assessment 25 Chapter 3 Configuring the VoIP Gateway 27 Computer requirements 27 Accessing the web interface 27 Configuring...

Page 4: ...INI file structure rules 105 The INI file example 106 Using VoIP Gateway features 107 Chapter 5 Configuring the Norstar system 111 Configuring your Norstar KSU 111 Required Norstar hardware 111 Confi...

Page 5: ...ss Communications Manager as an endpoint 130 Considerations with Business Communications Manager 130 Considerations when using a Meridian 1 IPT 131 Considerations when using a CSE1K Gatekeeper 131 Cha...

Page 6: ...nks 155 Bandwidth requirements on full duplex links 157 LAN engineering examples 158 WAN engineering 159 Additional feature configuration 160 Determining network loading caused by IP telephony traffic...

Page 7: ...181 General Settings 181 General Gateway Setup for Radvision ECS Gatekeeper Interoperability 182 Setting up the Numbering Plan 182 Setting up Remote Routers for IP Telephony Prioritization 184 Creatin...

Page 8: ...feature 197 Call Transfer 198 Call Forward 198 Appendix I Alternate Redundant Gatekeeper 201 Appendix J DTMF Fax and Modem transport modes 203 DTMF MF Relay Settings 203 Fax Modem Settings 204 Configu...

Page 9: ...105 Figure 22 VoIP Gateway INI file example 106 Figure 23 Example of IP to Hunt Group Routing settings for shared lines 113 Figure 24 Example of Digit Delivery Settings for shared lines 114 Figure 25...

Page 10: ...ulating network load with IP telephony traffic 160 Figure 47 Network loading bandwidth 161 Figure 48 One call on a half duplex link without silence compression 168 Figure 49 One call on a half duplex...

Page 11: ...ures 107 Table 18 Norstar trunk configuration 111 Table 19 Dialing plan for simple Norstar network 119 Table 20 Software file types 135 Table 21 Indicator LEDs on the VoIP Gateway front panel 139 Tabl...

Page 12: ...12 Tables P0606298 02...

Page 13: ...P Gateway must be connected to the Norstar KSU This guide assumes You have planned the telephony and data requirements for your Norstar system The Norstar KSU is installed and initialized and the hard...

Page 14: ...le Use the dinfo command Example Enter show ip alerts routes italic text Represents terms book titles and variables in command syntax descriptions If a variable is two or more words the words are conn...

Page 15: ...ternet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network LAN Local Area Network LATA Local Area and Transport Area MCR Maximum Cell Rate MOS Mean Opinion Score PCM Pulse Code Modulation PING Packet In...

Page 16: ...ter ERC 338 Website http www nortelnetworks com support Presales Support CSAN Telephone 1 800 4NORTEL 1 800 466 7835 Use Express Routing Code ERC 1063 EMEA Europe Middle East Africa Technical Support...

Page 17: ...ise communications systems using the IP network use your IP network to replace PSTN or other costly private network trunking between locations use the capacity of the enterprise data network for voice...

Page 18: ...G 723 1 G 729A T 38 Fax with superior performance can handle a round trip delay up to 9 sec compliant with H 323 Version 4 C h a n n e l s 1 2 3 4 Da ta LA N Co nt ro l Re ad y VoIP Gateway C h a n n...

Page 19: ...a known Gatekeeper Supports Gatekeeper registration with prefixes Functions as an H 323 gateway or can imitate an H 323 terminal with up to four aliases Uses routed mode calls Uses direct mode calls U...

Page 20: ...s DTMF and HookFlash signal out of band using the H 245 channel using the Alphanumeric field Supports DTMF out of band using H 225 Q 931 keypad facility messages Supports of one or two stage dialing f...

Page 21: ...oice quality On a properly configured network voice quality should be consistent for all IP calls The following sections describe some of the components for IP telephony VoIP trunks on page 21 Gatekee...

Page 22: ...8 kbps For actual bandwidth requirements refer to Determining the bandwidth requirements on page 153 where you will note that the actual kbps requirements are slightly higher than the label suggests...

Page 23: ...settings of 70 msec Minimum delay and 7 Optimization Factor should provide a good compromise between delay and error rate The jitter buffer holds incoming packets for 70 msec before making them availa...

Page 24: ...ed to IP telephony functions This section includes the following checklists Network diagram on page 24 Network devices on page 25 Network assessment on page 25 Network diagram To aid in installation a...

Page 25: ...ic IP addresses for the Norstar VoIP Gateway 2 d Does the system have a firewall NAT device 2 e A hub based core will not have suitable performance for IP Telephony Does the network use a non hub solu...

Page 26: ...26 Network assessment P0606298 02...

Page 27: ...You also have the option to reset the gateway to apply the new set of parameters Computer requirements To use the web interface you need the following a computer capable of running your web browser a...

Page 28: ...the user name and password the default User Name is Admin and the default password is Admin 4 Click the OK button Note Nortel Networks recommends that you change the User Name and Password from their...

Page 29: ...ion Guide Configuring the Protocol Definition parameters To configure the Protocol Definition parameters 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Protocol Management button 3 Click the Protocol Definiti...

Page 30: ...tekeeper the VoIP Gateway will send a registration message to the Gatekeeper with this H323 ID string Source Number Encoding Type Select the source number encoding type This defines the encoding type...

Page 31: ...her Gatekeepers When a new Gatekeeper is found the VoIP Gateway continues working with it until the next failure To use Gatekeeper Redundancy you must enter an IP address in the First Redundant Gateke...

Page 32: ...the Alias parameter in the ACF message Select No if you do not want the Gatekeeper to change the gateway destination number Gatekeeper Timers Registration Time Enter the time in seconds between regist...

Page 33: ...3rd Coder the VoIP Gateway attempts to use this codec Select the size of the Voice Packet used with this codec in milliseconds Selecting the size of the packet determines how many codec payloads are...

Page 34: ...16 seconds Note Dial Tone Duration is not applicable when Automatic Dialing is enabled Fast Start Parameters Open H 245 channel Select No if you do not want the VoIP Gateway to open an H 245 channel...

Page 35: ...configured Progress Indicator to IP Select 0 if you do not want to set the Progress Indicator PI in the H 225 Alert messages sent to an IP telephony endpoint Select 1 if you want to set the Progress...

Page 36: ...The option is not applicable if you use a Gatekeeper The default is Route calls before manipulation Recommendations We recommend you set this parameter to Route calls before manipulation Tel to IP Rou...

Page 37: ...ard service H 450 3 A Call Forward table must be defined to use the Call Forward service The default is No Note To use the H 450 Supplementary Services the gateways at both ends must support these ser...

Page 38: ...ter the Phone Number and Hunt Group ID refer to Configuring the Channels to Hunt Group parameters on page 58 Note To prevent conflicts configure the Norstar Hunt Group to start its hunt from the oppos...

Page 39: ...If you enter 0 there is no restriction on the maximum number of calls The default value is 0 H323 Base Port Enter the starting TCP UDP transport port for H 225 H 245 messages The VoIP Gateway will us...

Page 40: ...uration to the system screen appears b Click the Save Configuration button that is in middle of the screen A confirmation message appears when the save is complete Note The Save Configuration option i...

Page 41: ...he gateway requests permission to register with the Gatekeeper This registration request is triggered by a gateway reset If there are no entries in the Registration Prefix Table then the VoIP Gateway...

Page 42: ...42 Configuring the Registration Prefixes P0606298 02 3 Click the Registration Prefixes tab The Registration Prefixes Table screen appears Figure 5 Registration Prefixes Table screen...

Page 43: ...ssigned to this entry If you selected Unknown as the Number Type you can select Unknown If you selected Private as the Number Type you can select Unknown Level 0 Regional Local Level 1 Regional Level...

Page 44: ...phone numbers used on a call by call basis Understanding how the manipulation works and what circumstances would need digit manipulation is key to setting up the overall network dialing plan Basic Con...

Page 45: ...would be numbers that start with 123100 to 123200 inclusive Number Classification NPI TON In the tables that provide manipulation from Tel IP you may specify the NPI TON to be used in the H 323 messag...

Page 46: ...To strip dialing plan digits from the number For example a user might dial 6 in front of each number in order to indicate a private network number If this leading digit is not removed by Norstar routi...

Page 47: ...y Configuration Guide Figure 6 Destination Phone Number Manipulation Table for TEL IP calls screen 4 To configure the first ten entries click the Table Index drop list and click 1 10 To configure the...

Page 48: ...th 551 and applies rule 2 to numbers that start with 550 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 and 559 However if you enter 55 in entry 1 and 551 in entry 2 the VoIP Gateway applies rule 1 to all numbers that s...

Page 49: ...his table the digits will first be manipulated according to the rule in that row They will then be dialed out after the Norstar system answers the line If a call does not match a row of this table it...

Page 50: ...pulation tables P0606298 02 Figure 7 Digit Delivery Table screen 4 To configure the first ten entries click the Table Index drop list and click 1 10 To configure the last ten entries click the Table I...

Page 51: ...ore generic rules For example if you enter 551 in entry 1 and 55 in entry 2 the VoIP Gateway applies rule 1 to numbers that starts with 551 and applies rule 2 to numbers that start with 550 552 553 55...

Page 52: ...ented on the destination Norstar telephone To configure the number manipulation for Source Phone Numbers for IP to Norstar calls 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Protocol Management button 3 Poi...

Page 53: ...Configuring the Number Manipulation tables 53 Norstar VoIP Gateway Configuration Guide Figure 8 Source Phone Number Manipulation Table for IP TEL calls screen...

Page 54: ...any number that starts with 54324 54324xx represents a 7 digit number that starts with 54324 123 100 200 represents numbers that starts with 123100 to numbers that start with 123200 When the dialed nu...

Page 55: ...y will be in a more appropriate form for calling line ID For example the VoIP Gateway may be setup so that it reflects the telephone number used in the private dialing plan Source manipulation can the...

Page 56: ...presents the end of a number For example 5551200 5551300 represents all of the numbers from 5551200 to 5551300 2221 2231 2241 represents the numbers 2221 2231 and 2241 54324 represents any number that...

Page 57: ...umber Type you can select Unknown If you selected Private as the Number Type you can select Unknown Level 0 Regional Local Level 1 Regional Level 2 Regional or PISN Specific If you selected E 164 Priv...

Page 58: ...nnels Hunt Group screen you can enable and assign telephone numbers to the VoIP Gateway ports To configure the Channels to Hunt Group parameters 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Protocol Managem...

Page 59: ...as the Calling Line Identification information on the destination set Recommendations If the analog loop start lines are configured as one dedicated line per Norstar set enter a unique phone number fo...

Page 60: ...appears when the save is complete Note The Save Configuration option is useful for trying out a new configuration Simply make the change and try out the new configuration If you are happy with the new...

Page 61: ...11 Automatic Dialing Table 4 In the Destination Phone Number box for a port enter the telephone number to dial When this VoIP Gateway port is selected when making a call the number in the Destination...

Page 62: ...e Configuration option is useful for trying out a new configuration Simply make the change and try out the new configuration If you are happy with the new configuration save the changes to non volatil...

Page 63: ...Click the Caller ID tab The Caller Display Info screen appears Figure 12 Caller Display Info 4 In the Caller ID Name box enter the Caller ID string that sent when a call is made using this VoIP Gatew...

Page 64: ...guration option is useful for trying out a new configuration Simply make the change and try out the new configuration If you are happy with the new configuration save the changes to non volatile memor...

Page 65: ...en the IP Security feature is enabled the VoIP Gateway accepts calls only if they match one of the prefixes entered in the Telephone to IP Routing Table If you are using a Gatekeeper the Gatekeeper ma...

Page 66: ...u can create an entry that represents multiple numbers using the following notation n m represents a range of numbers n m represents multiple numbers x represents any single digit represents any digit...

Page 67: ...ption refer to Configuring the Protocol Definition parameters on page 29 You must assign a Hunt Group ID to the VoIP Gateway channels on the End Point Phone Number screen For information about how to...

Page 68: ...68 Configuring the IP to Hunt Group Routing P0606298 02 Figure 14 IP to Hunt Group Routing Table...

Page 69: ...le 5551200 5551300 represents all of the numbers from 5551200 to 5551300 2221 2231 2241 represents the numbers 2221 2231 and 2241 54324 represents any number that starts with 54324 54324xx represents...

Page 70: ...inate on various Norstar sets All four channels should be configured as part of the same Hunt Group where the valid DN range is between 967 0100 and 967 0200 If the Norstar is using a square configura...

Page 71: ...ng to the table below Table 11 Call Forward parameters Parameter Description Forward Type Select Immediate if you want to forward any incoming call to the Phone number specified This option is equival...

Page 72: ...and subnet mask Logging settings such as IP address of SysLog Server SNMP settings RTP settings including RTP base port and RTP Differentiated Services or IP TOS and Precedence QOS parameters Ethernet...

Page 73: ...the VoIP Gateway Enter the IP address in dotted format notation for example 192 10 1 255 The IP address for the VoIP Gateway must be a static IP address If you do not know the IP address for the VoIP...

Page 74: ...t Enable to enable DHCP support on the VoIP Gateway When enabled the VoIP Gateway will attempt to get its IP address from the DHCP server Select Disable to disable DHCP support on the VoIP Gateway The...

Page 75: ...rameter from its default value RTP IP Diff Serv Enter the Diff Serv Code Point DSCP value that is assigned to the RTP packets The DSCP value is used by DiffServ compatible routers to prioritize how pa...

Page 76: ...s tab The Channels Settings screen appears Note The Save Configuration option is useful for trying out a new configuration Simply make the change and try out the new configuration If you are happy wit...

Page 77: ...Configuring the Channel Settings 77 Norstar VoIP Gateway Configuration Guide Figure 17 Channel Settings...

Page 78: ...inition screen Select Proprietary DTMF Relay to erase the DTMF digits from voice stream and relay the DTMF to the remote end Select DTMF Transparent to leave the DTMF tones in the voice stream Select...

Page 79: ...ter a value from 0 to 2 The default value is 0 Note This option is applicable only when T 38 Protection Mode is set to Redundant Packets Fax Relay Enhanced Redundancy Depth Enter the number of times t...

Page 80: ...rol Select the RTP Directional Control you want the VoIP Gateway to use RFC 2833 Payload Type Enter the RFC 2833 Payload Type RFC 2198 Payload Type Enter the RFC 2198 Payload Type Fax Bypass Payload T...

Page 81: ...ck the Save Configuration button that is in middle of the screen A confirmation message appears when the save is complete Energy Detector Threshold Enter the Energy Detector Threshold Enable Pattern D...

Page 82: ...onth for example enter 5 for May 6 In the DD box enter the current date for example 25 7 In the HH box enter the current hour using 24 hour clock for example enter 14 for 2 p m 8 In the MM box enter t...

Page 83: ...on message appears when the save is complete Note The Save Configuration option is useful for trying out a new configuration Simply make the change and try out the new configuration If you are happy w...

Page 84: ...84 Configuring the VoIP Gateway time and date P0606298 02...

Page 85: ...the programming that already exists including the special default values that have been entered when the unit was manufactured Retrieving the INI file from the VoIP Gateway Before you can edit the INI...

Page 86: ...dvanced Configuration button 3 Click the Configuration File tab The Configuration File screen appears Figure 20 Configuration File screen 4 Click the Browse button 5 Navigate to the folder that contai...

Page 87: ...ues that were configured for the VoIP Gateway at the time of manufacture All parameters that are defined in the INI file contained in the CD ROM or obtained by uploading the INI file from the VoIP Gat...

Page 88: ...configured correctly DHCPEnable 0 Disable default 1 Enable After the gateway is powered up it will try first to communicate with BootP server If BootP server is not responding and DHCPEnable 1 the ga...

Page 89: ...msg 2 name time msg 3 SysLog prefix msg default DisableWebTask 0 Enable Web management default 1 Disable Web management ResetWebPassword Allows resetting the default of Web password to Username Admin...

Page 90: ...the hybrid and the echo level returning from the hybrid FaxModemBypassM 1 2 default 1 Number of 20 msec payloads to be used for generating one RTP fax modem bypass packet FaxModemRelayVolume 18 to 3...

Page 91: ...remote 1 erase digit from voice stream relay to remote Default 2 digits remains in voice stream 3 erase digit from voice stream relay to remote according to RFC 2833 standard 7 digits will be sent us...

Page 92: ...d in msec 50msec for detection of HookFlash DTMFDetectionPoint 0 DTMF event is reported when button is pressed 1 DTMF event is reported on button release default The parameter is used for out of band...

Page 93: ...To enable the use of redundant gatekeeper option select IsRedundantGKUsed 1 IsRedundantGKUsed 0 No redundancy 1 Allow gatekeeper redundancy according to GatekeeperIP addresses If redundancy is used V...

Page 94: ...H 323 ID 3 Table Values 4 Table Values and H 323 ID registration Select 0 E 164 if you want the VoIP Gateway to use e164 source encoding and not use the encoding type defined in the table Select 1 H...

Page 95: ...Gateway behavior default 1 Gateway imitates an H 323 terminal with up to 4 aliases In all Gateway messages the terminal type value is set to terminal IsTunnelingUsed 0 no tunneling default 1 tunneling...

Page 96: ...tarting from a c the phone number of the first channel example ChannelList 0 4 101 Defines phone numbers 101 to 104 for up to 4 VoIP Gateway channels The INI file can include up to ten ChannelList ent...

Page 97: ...channel 0 Voice only 1 Fax only can be used only with Fast Start or Tunneling 2 Voice Fax default Example ChannelToFax3 1 use port 3 only for Fax IsFaxUsed parameter should be set to 1 in order to us...

Page 98: ...ived in Setup message Use the IsWaitForDialTone parameter to specify whether the dialing should come after detection of dial tone or immediately after seizing of the line IsWaitForDialTone 0 don t wai...

Page 99: ...Start default 1 H 245 channel is opened immediately after Fast Start connection is established Opening of H 245 channel may be needed for relaying DTMF digits over H 245 channel during a call IsDTMFU...

Page 100: ...Connect message is received Note that this is only relevant if Fast Start is used PlayRBTone2Tel 0 Don t play for fast start 1 Play 2 Play according to Progress Indicator PI The gateway will not play...

Page 101: ...the VoIP Gateway waits for DTMF digits Applicable when Automatic dialing feature is disabled IsDialNeeded 0 EnableQ931Multiplexing 0 H 323 Q 931 multiplexing is disabled default 1 H 323 Q 931 multipl...

Page 102: ...onal ISDN 4 1 Subscriber ISDN DestNumberPlan 0 Unknown default 1 ISDN Telephony Numbering Plan 3 Data Numbering Plan 4 Telex Numbering Plan 8 National Standard Numbering Plan 9 Private Numbering Plan...

Page 103: ...uch as 10 20 30 Wild characters such as xxx x for any digit terminating character to specify exact number to specify that the number is prefix Examples 12345 54324 123 100 200 123 100 200 xxxx 10 20 3...

Page 104: ...d and then c The prefix c can also include D and P characters D Detect Dial tone before dialing the DTMF digits The D can appear only as first character in prefix field P Pause for 1 5 seconds The P...

Page 105: ...n decimal format except for the Call Agent IP address The INI file should be ended with one or more carriage returns EnableBusyOut 0 Not used default 1 If LAN or Gatekeeper is not responding the VoIP...

Page 106: ...n parameters use the mp1xx INI file without any valid parameters or with semicolon character preceding all lines in the file MGControlProtocolType 4 Channel Params DJBufferMinDelay 75 RTPRedundancyDep...

Page 107: ...ss according to received dial number The routing table is defined in the INI file using PREFIX or per phone number definitions The gateway first searches for Phone table to find a destination IP addre...

Page 108: ...he remote side a single coder will be selected for transmitting and receiving messages Annex D Fax IsFaxUsed 1 To use Annex D Fax configure UseT38orFRF11 1 T 38 FaxTransportMode 1 relay ports To impro...

Page 109: ...3 200 TrunkGroup_2 4 300 To use the hunt groups you must also define IsUseFreeChannel 1 and define routing rules using PSTNPrefix parameter The routing IP to Telephone rules define per called number p...

Page 110: ...110 Using VoIP Gateway features P0606298 02...

Page 111: ...re uses auto answer trunks to implement dialing through to the destination target line In order to use the Digit Delivery Table feature DTMF tone receivers must be available on the target Norstar syst...

Page 112: ...er each channel specifically do not use ranges to specify more than one channel for example do enter 1 4 in the Channels box The number you enter should be a common number that can be reached by anyon...

Page 113: ...by the VoIP Gateway you can manipulate the digit strings until they are the same length as your target line DNs You must always add a D wait for dial tone to the Prefix to Add column even if no other...

Page 114: ...rictly from the private network then the number can be the private network number for the person for example 758 1234 If calls over the VoIP Gateway have the potential to use the PSTN then the number...

Page 115: ...26 Figure 26 Example of Caller Display Info settings for dedicated lines On the IP to Hunt Group Routing Table screen configure a Hunt Group for each unique destination Allow only those numbers that u...

Page 116: ...figuration required on the Digit Delivery Table Additional Norstar configuration details can be found in the respective Norstar configuration documents Entries for Joe s PSTN long distance Joe s PSTN...

Page 117: ...ble end to end DTMF tones on page 125 Setting up the VoIP Gateway to use a RAD over VoIP trunks on page 126 Setting up the VoIP Gateway for T 38 Fax Relay on page 127 Setting up the VoIP Gateway to us...

Page 118: ...to the PSTN Figure 28 Simple Norstar and VoIP Gateway network C h a n n e l s 1 2 3 4 Da ta LA N Co nt ro l Re ad y VoIP Gateway C h a n n e l s 1 2 3 4 Da ta LA N Co nt ro l Re ad y VoIP Gateway Inte...

Page 119: ...hest trunk number to highest channel number on the VoIP Gateway 3 Setup dialing plan for the Norstar systems according to Table 19 4 Configure the line pools routes destinations codes location codes a...

Page 120: ...imple Norstar network Setting up the VoIP Gateway dialing plan IP Routing Table On the Tel To IP Routing IP Security screen 1 Enter the digit parsing rule for the number 2 Enter the IP address of that...

Page 121: ...dialing plan Caller ID table On the Caller Display Info screen 1 Enter a text string to identify each channel of the VoIP Gateway This text string is used for the Caller ID name display when dialing o...

Page 122: ...ion Table for TEL IP calls screen for a simple Norstar network Setting up the VoIP Gateway dialing plan Digit Delivery On the Digit Delivery Table screen 1 Enter digit parsing rules for the number you...

Page 123: ...etwork Setting up the VoIP Gateway dialing plan destination Hunt Group assignment On the Hunt Group Routing Table for IP to FXS Calls screen 1 In the Prefix box enter a 2 In the Hunt Group box enter 1...

Page 124: ...ing 6 Set the Open Media on Connect parameter to No This ensures that a media path is opened at Alerting allowing the far end generated ring back tones to be received at the source gateway Setting up...

Page 125: ...able DTMF over H 245 parameter to YES The VoIP Gateway detects the DTMF tone mutes the voice path and sends an H 245 message User Input Indication for the key that was pressed The VoIP Gateway at the...

Page 126: ...ngs screen set the V32 Modem Transport Type parameter to Bypass b On the Channel Settings screen set the Fax Modem Bypass Coder Type parameter to G711 This is a proprietary means of switching to the G...

Page 127: ...ated Fax line Norstar is configured to Auto answer the Fax line Route the Fax line call to an analog trunk used to connected to the VoIP Gateway IP trunk Add digits to dial Fax machine The Fax machine...

Page 128: ...the settings for fax relay redundancy as these are proprietary methods 6 If there are high retransmission problems due to high bit error IP connections disable ECM Error Correction Mode by setting the...

Page 129: ...algary Branch 1 This ID is used to uniquely identify the location 2 Set the Working with Gatekeeper parameter to Yes 3 Set the Gatekeeper IP parameter to the IP address of the Gatekeeper The Gatekeepe...

Page 130: ...endpoint 1 Setup the Business Communication Manager VoIP trunk parameters a Specify whether a Gatekeeper is used b Specify the alias types to use for Gatekeeper registration 2 If a Gatekeeper is not u...

Page 131: ...nications Manager Considerations when using a Meridian 1 IPT Match the dialing plan setup for the Meridian 1 to the rest of the network Obtain an IP address for Meridian 1 IPT if you are not using a G...

Page 132: ...132 Example configurations P0606298 02...

Page 133: ...Gateway is Username Admin Password Admin To change the username or password 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Change Password button The Change Password screen appears Figure 38 Change Password s...

Page 134: ...ton b Click the Restart button A confirmation dialog box appears c Click the OK button Note If you have forgotten the web interface password you can reset the password by changing the ResetWebPassword...

Page 135: ...that are contained in the INI file If a parameter is not specified in the INI file values associated with that parameter are reset to a default value These values may not be the same as the values th...

Page 136: ...re described in Loading a configuration file on page 137 5 Load the new Tones data file onto the VoIP Gateway Use the procedure described in Loading a configuration file on page 137 6 Use the web inte...

Page 137: ...To apply the changes you must reset the VoIP Gateway To reset the VoIP Gateway a Click the Reset button b Click the Restart button A confirmation dialog box appears c Click the OK button Backing up t...

Page 138: ...IP Gateway information stored on your computer to perform a restore To restore the VoIP Gateway configuration 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Advanced Configuration button 3 Click the Configura...

Page 139: ...y front panel LED Type Color State Definition Ready Device Status Green ON Device powered self test OK Orange Blinking Software loading Initialization Red ON Malfunction LAN Ethernet Link Status Green...

Page 140: ...f the VoIP Gateway is completed and if the configuration parameter EnableDiagnostics is set to 1 In this mode the VoIP Gateway tests all of the hardware components memory DSP etc outputs the status of...

Page 141: ...ing Configuring a terminal To communicate with the VoIP Gateway you must set your terminal or terminal program to the following communications port settings Baud Rate 115 200 bps Data bits 8 Parity No...

Page 142: ...mechanism The UDP port that has been assigned to SysLog is 514 The SysLog message is transmitted as an ASCII message The message starts with a leading character followed by a number which is followed...

Page 143: ...etting the SysLog Server IP Address 1 Access the web interface 2 Click the Advanced Configuration button 3 Click the Network Settings tab The Network Settings screen appears 4 In the SysLog Server IP...

Page 144: ...k AC power source Unable to open Web Browser for initial setting of IP address PING the VoIP Gateway at the expected IP address If no response Ensure the data network connection is correct and check t...

Page 145: ...r either TON or TON H323 Check the Number Manipulation Table for Tel to IP to make sure that digit parsing rules and NPI TON are correct Check the configuration of far end gateways registration on the...

Page 146: ...per rejected registration Gatekeeper already has the same registered phone numbers Change the gateway phone numbers G 711 voice quality is bad clicks Silence compression not compatible on the far end...

Page 147: ...an on a public phone network will not work because the networks are separate Most companies with private telephone networks still require access to the public switched telephone network commonly calle...

Page 148: ...to dial the North American country code when dialing another North American subscriber What you dial is the National Number In order to tell your phone company that you wish to dial long distance you...

Page 149: ...be handled in one of two ways In a Coordinated Dialing Plan CDP extension numbers are unique across the system In other words if there is an extension DN of 4332 in Site A there will not be an extens...

Page 150: ...t is important to define the NPI TON classification in addition to the digit prefix used A gatekeeper is used to determine what IP address a calling gateway should use for each call The Radvision ECS...

Page 151: ...eway will be dialing The dialed number digits can be expressed using a variety of rules such as wild cards and digit ranges in order to simplify this For example if all private number calls were setup...

Page 152: ...d in programming of the Source Phone Number Manipulation Table for Tel IP Calls and in H 323 Protocol Definition for Source Number Encoding Type and Destination Number Encoding Type These latter two p...

Page 153: ...financial approval provision and upgrade especially inter LATA Local Access and Transport Area and international links For these reasons it is important to determine the state of WAN links in the intr...

Page 154: ...idth requirements on half duplex links on page 155 Bandwidth requirements on full duplex links on page 157 LAN engineering examples on page 158 WAN engineering on page 159 Engineer the network for wor...

Page 155: ...g on whether the link is half duplex or full duplex See Appendix C Silence compression on page 167 for more information When engineering total bandwidth requirements for LANs and WANs additional bandw...

Page 156: ...idth per call 1 Continuous Transmission Rate Half Duplex links With Silence Suppression Codec Type Payload Size Ethernet B W1 PPP B W FR B W No SP Silence Suppression No SP Silence Suppression No SP S...

Page 157: ...dwidth made available by silence suppression on full duplex links with continuous transmission rate average bandwidth requirement is available for lower priority data applications that can tolerate in...

Page 158: ...Given the above what is the peak traffic in kbit s that IP telephony will put on the LAN From the table under Bandwidth requirements on half duplex links on page 155 the following figure shows the pe...

Page 159: ...Given the above what is the peak traffic in kbit s that IP telephony will put on the WAN From the table under Bandwidth requirements on full duplex links on page 157 the following figure shows the pe...

Page 160: ...163 Determining network loading caused by IP telephony traffic At this point the installer or administrator has enough information to load the IP telephony traffic on the intranet Consider the intran...

Page 161: ...bit s R4 R5 peak VoIP Load 8 28kbit s 224kbit s With VoIP Gateway bandwidth requirements and Traceroute measurements the R4 R5 link is expected to support the Santa Clara Richardson Santa Clara Tokyo...

Page 162: ...h link capacity If there is not enough link capacity consider one or more of the following options Use the G 723 1 codec Compared to the G 729 codec with 20 ms payload the G 723 1 codecs use 29 to 33...

Page 163: ...ay over terrestrial lines is under 18 ms Within the U S the propagation delay from coast to coast is under 40 ms To estimate the propagation delay of long haul and trans oceanic circuits use the rule...

Page 164: ...nto operation a priority queueing rule Identify the links with the highest use and the slowest traffic Estimate the link delay of these links using Traceroute Contact your service provider for help wi...

Page 165: ...router threshold CPU utilization level is and check if the router conforms to the threshold If a router is overloaded the router is continuously processing intensive tasks Processing intensive tasks p...

Page 166: ...ogy can make a design invalid or non compliant with QoS objectives Review designs against prevailing and trended network conditions and traffic patterns every two to three weeks at the start and after...

Page 167: ...th reducing technology is silence compression also known as Voice Activity Detection VAD Silence compression technology identifies the periods of silence in a conversation and stops sending IP speech...

Page 168: ...compression enabled Because the sender and receiver alternate the use of the shared channel the peak bandwidth requirement is equal to the full transmission rate Only one media path is present on the...

Page 169: ...mission rate for the two calls Figure 50 Two calls on a half duplex link with silence compression Time Conversations Bandwidth Used Rx Tx Fred Here Hello Fred This is Susan Do you have a minute Sure H...

Page 170: ...ent Therefore the peak bandwidth and the average bandwidth used equals the full transmission rate for both the transmit and the receive channel Figure 51 One call on a full duplex link without silence...

Page 171: ...andwidth made available by silence compression is used for lower priority data applications that can tolerate increased delay and jitter Figure 52 One call on a full duplex link with silence compressi...

Page 172: ...nce compression is active The source gateway sends information packets to the destination gateway informing it that silence compression is active and describing what background comfort noise to insert...

Page 173: ...IP address A router must not forward an IP packet with a TTL field of 0 or 1 Instead a router discards the packet and returns to the originating IP address an ICMP time exceeded message Traceroute se...

Page 174: ...174 Sniffer P0606298 02 Sniffer Sniffer is a useful tool for diagnosing network functionality It provides origin destination and header information of all packets on the data network...

Page 175: ...cations Manager The following table summarizes this information Business Communications Manager Norstar VoIP Gateway has been interoperability tested against Business Communications Manager 3 0 1 Buil...

Page 176: ...is same classification must be used by VoIP Gateways when calling destination numbers served by the Business Communications Manager Number classification is done using the Tel IP Destination Number Ma...

Page 177: ...n the Business Communications Manager it should also be used on the VoIP Gateway Silence compression is set for the VoIP Gateway in Advanced Configuration Channel Settings Silence Compression Enable J...

Page 178: ...e Silence suppression to the same value on both the VoIP Gateway and the ITG IPT i e both on or both off Silence suppression is called Voice Activity Detection on ITG IPT Silence compression is set fo...

Page 179: ...tekeeper Admin tool 1 Select GK Standby DB Admin 2 Select Numbering Plan Entries 3 Select Create 4 Ensure the following fields are set 5 Click Select 6 Ensure the following fields are set 7 Click Crea...

Page 180: ...Gatekeeper Redundancy No Protocol Management Protocol Definition Gateway Registration Type H 323 ID Protocol Management Protocol Definition H 323 ID Same unique H 323 ID as was used in setting up the...

Page 181: ...box must be checked Routing Mode Direct Set to Direct The gatekeeper will then be used only for address resolution This is the preferred mode of interoperation Check that call is active every check b...

Page 182: ...ices can be created manually within the Gatekeeper and assigned to endpoints The VoIP Gateway has the ability to automatically setup the necessary services via its gatekeeper registration function Reg...

Page 183: ...ble the VoIP Gateway will revert to its internal routing tables for call setup Note This method of registration has been designed specifically to interoperate with the Radvision ECS gatekeeper and use...

Page 184: ...rs window appears 8 Click Template The Filter Template Management window appears 9 Enter the template name and click Create The Create Priority Outbound Template window appears 10 Type a descriptive n...

Page 185: ...Click the OK button The Priority Outbound Filters window opens 21 Click the Apply button The filter is applied to the circuit Sample criteria ranges and actions for UDP filtering The filtering goal is...

Page 186: ...186 Setting up Remote Routers for IP Telephony Prioritization P0606298 02...

Page 187: ...rmation about Measuring end to end network delay on page 187 Measuring end to end packet loss on page 188 Recording routes on page 188 Adjusting Ping measurements on page 189 Measurement procedure on...

Page 188: ...ng the peak hour For a more complete evaluation of the intranet delay characteristics get Ping measurements over a period of at least a week Measuring end to end packet loss The Ping program also repo...

Page 189: ...rom end user to end user and include components outside the intranet The Ping statistics for delay requires additional adjustments by adding 140 ms to explain the processing and jitter buffer delay of...

Page 190: ...est generates a summary of packet loss with a granularity of 2 and for each successful probe that made its round trip that many rtt samples For a strong network there must be at least 3000 delay sampl...

Page 191: ...ff in quality requires the installer or administrator to monitor the QoS level reset needs with the end users and respond to user feedback Implementing QoS in IP networks This section describes inform...

Page 192: ...is the traffic mix If the IP telephony traffic is light compared to data traffic on the intranet then IP QoS can work If IP telephony traffic is heavy data services can be affected if QoS is biased to...

Page 193: ...MIB variables along with instructions to either get the value for the identifier or set the identifier to a new value The definitions of MIB variables supported by a particular agent are incorporated...

Page 194: ...device This typically requires each device on the network to be configured to issue SNMP traps to one or more network devices that are awaiting these traps The Trap messages are sent to the SNMP Manag...

Page 195: ...tem When a MIB is compiled into an SNMP manager the manager is made aware of new objects that are supported by agents on the network The concept is similar to adding a new schema to a database Typical...

Page 196: ...196 VoIP Gateway supported MIBs P0606298 02...

Page 197: ...holding party performs the retrieve by pressing the hook flash After a successful retrieve the voice should be connected again Consultation Alternate feature The consultation feature is relevant only...

Page 198: ...ber Transfer from setup b While hearing ring back Transfer from alert c While speaking to C Transfer from active A Blind transfer is performed after we have a call between A and B and A party decides...

Page 199: ...ted the first call Diverted party the new destination of the forwarded call You can configure the served party from the web interface or the INI file to activate one of the call forward modes per gate...

Page 200: ...200 Call Hold and Retrieve features P0606298 02...

Page 201: ...is registered with the Gatekeeper and the Gatekeeper becomes unresponsive the endpoint shall attempt to communicate with an Alternate Gatekeeper If the endpoint determines that a temporary Alternate G...

Page 202: ...202 P0606298 02...

Page 203: ...ce is sent in the RTP stream DTMF may still be sent out of band using H 245 DTMF MFTransportType 1 RelayDTMF MF In this mode DTMF MF digits are erased from the audio stream and are relayed to the remo...

Page 204: ...wer tone mode and then to fax relay mode The UseT38orFRF11 configuration parameter defines either T 38 compliant network packets or proprietary FRF 11 based packets The last mode is used mostly for ba...

Page 205: ...packets During the bypass period the coder uses the packing factor by which a number of basic coder frames are combined together in the outgoing WAN packet set by the User in the FaxModemBypassM conf...

Page 206: ...uration both T 30 and V 34 faxes will work in Bypass mode Or FaxTransportMode 1 Relay V34ModemTransportType 2 Modem bypass V32ModemTransportType 2 V23ModemTransportType 2 V22ModemTransportType 2 V21Mo...

Page 207: ...ons as shorted lines Loop backs for testing and maintenance Voice Tone Characteristics Voice Compression G 711 PCM at 64 kbps law A law G 723 1 MP MLQ at 6 3 kbps or 5 3 kbps G 729A CS ACELP at 8 kbps...

Page 208: ...f the Emergency Line will function Rear panel connectors 4 analog lines 4 RJ 11 connectors Ethernet 10 100 Base T RJ 45 shielded connector RS 232 Console port DB 9 Front panel switches Reset Resets th...

Page 209: ...P RTCP T 38 port allocation Channel Number RTP Port RTCP Port T 38 Port 1 4000 4001 4002 2 4010 4011 4012 3 4020 4021 4022 4 4030 4031 4032 Table 36 Industry standard packet types Payload Type Descrip...

Page 210: ...payload types Table 37 VoIP Gateway specific payload types Payload Type Description Basic Packet Rate msec 56 Transparent PCM 20 100 DTMF relay 20 101 Fax Relay Different packet rates 102 Fax Bypass 2...

Page 211: ...communications formats and procedures between devices on a data communication network data communications Processes and equipment used to transport signals from a data processing device at one locati...

Page 212: ...P network The VoIP Gateway supports H 323 hop count This is the number of routers the signal must go through to reach the destination device The more hops that are required the more potential there is...

Page 213: ...ou to find out if the other point is available Ping also can include statistics about how long it took from end to end which provides information about routing prioritization This refers to how a voic...

Page 214: ...y Logical or physical arrangement of nodes or stations Traceroute Traceroute uses the IP TTL time to live field to determine router hops to a specific IP address voice compression Method of reducing b...

Page 215: ...ransport Type 78 Type 38 78 capacity engineering link capacity 162 insufficient 162 CAS Transport Type 78 Caution symbol 13 changes to the intranet 165 Channel Select Mode 38 Channel Settings 76 Chann...

Page 216: ...x Relay Max Rate 79 Fax Relay Redundancy Depth 79 Fax Transport Mode 78 Fax Modem Bypass Coder Type 79 Fax Modem Bypass Packing Factor 79 filtering criteria 185 ranges 185 firewalls network prerequisi...

Page 217: ...37 IP telephony concepts 21 engineering link capacity 162 insufficient link capacity 162 network checklist 24 network loading 160 ongoing monitoring 166 WAN link resources 153 IP to Hunt Group Routing...

Page 218: ...4 WAN engineering 159 non linear processing 160 Num of stripped digits 48 51 54 57 number of calls usable link bandwidth 155 Number of RAS retransmission 32 O one way delay 164 Open H 245 channel 34 O...

Page 219: ...o telephone 36 Routing Mode telephone to IP 36 RTP Base UDP Port 75 S Security IP 37 Send DTMF over H225 Q 931 38 Send Media Information in Connect 35 serialization delay 163 silence compression about...

Page 220: ...P Gateway 27 usable link bandwidth number of calls 155 User Name 28 V V21 Modem Transport Type 79 V22 Modem Transport Type 79 V23 Modem Transport Type 79 V32 Modem Transport Type 79 V34 Modem Transpor...

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