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Using Execution Breakpoints

Breakpoints allow you to stop target program execution at a particular address and
transfer control to the emulation monitor. Suppose your system crashes when it
executes in a certain area of your program. You can set a breakpoint in your
program at a location just before the crash occurs. When the processor executes the
breakpoint, the emulator will force a break to the monitor. You can display registers
or memory to understand the state of the system before the crash occurs. Then you
can step through the program instructions and examine changes in the system
registers that lead up to the system crash.

Execution breakpoints are implemented using the BKPT instruction of the
MC68040. You can enable, disable, set, or clear execution breakpoints.

Set execution breakpoints at the first word of program instructions. Otherwise,
your BKPT may be interpreted as data and no breakpoint cycle will occur. When
the BKPT instruction is executed, target program execution stops immediately
(unlike using the analyzer to cause a break into the monitor, which may allow
several additional bus cycles to execute before the break finally occurs).

Setting execution breakpoints in RAM

When you set an execution breakpoint in RAM, the emulator will place a
breakpoint instruction (BKPT) at the address you specified, and then read that
address to ensure that the BKPT instruction is there. The program instruction that
was replaced by BKPT is saved by the emulator.

When the breakpoint instruction is executed, the BKPT acknowledge cycle is
detected by the emulator, and the emulator causes a break to the monitor. At this
point, the emulator replaces the BKPT instruction with the original instruction it
saved. It also replaces the BKPT instruction with the original instruction whenever
you disable or remove the breakpoint.

The emulator allows an unlimited number of breakpoints to be set in RAM.

Chapter 4: Using the Emulator

Using Execution Breakpoints

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Summary of Contents for 64783A

Page 1: ...User s Guide for the Graphical User Interface MC68040 EC040 LC040 Emulator Analyzer HP 64783A B ...

Page 2: ...art of this document may be photocopied reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett Packard Company The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice HP is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Company UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories Inc in the U S A and other countries Hewlett Packard Company P O Box 21...

Page 3: ...y product updates and fixes do not require manual changes and manual corrections may be done without accompanying product changes Therefore do not expect a one to one correspondence between product updates and manual revisions Edition 1 Edition 2 Edition 3 B3090 97000 March 1993 B3090 97001 October 1993 B3090 97002 January 1994 Safety and Certification and Warranty Safety information and certifica...

Page 4: ...The HP 64783A B Emulator HP 64700 Instrumentation Card Cage HP 64783A B 68040 EC040 LC040 Emulator Demo Target System HP 9000 Series 300 Host System iv ...

Page 5: ...supports development of target systems using the MC68040 together with up to 31 MC68360 s in slave mode Refer to the end of Chapter 4 Using the Emulator for an explanation of this emulator s support for the MC68360 slave mode The emulators plug into the modular HP 64700 instrumentation card cage and offer 80 channels of processor bus analysis with the HP 64704A or HP 64794A emulation bus analyzer ...

Page 6: ... HP MRI IEEE 695 to do exhaustive real time debugging in circuit or out of circuit Features HP 64783A B Emulator 16 to 33 MHz active probe emulator HP 64783A 20 to 40 MHz active probe emulator HP 64783B Supports MC68040 MC68EC040 and MC68LC040 Supports burst and synchronous bus modes Symbolic support Number of breakpoints available If specified at RAM addresses unlimited If specified at ROM addres...

Page 7: ... sequenced eight levels deep and can be used for complex trigger qualification and selective store Emulation memory 256 Kbyte 512 Kbyte 1 Mbyte 1 25 Mbyte and 2 Mbyte memory configurations available 4 Kbytes of dual ported memory available if you use the background monitor Mapping resolution is 256 bytes No wait states required by the emulator for processor speeds up to 25 MHz One wait state requi...

Page 8: ...ing Coordinated Measurements 7 Making Software Performance Measurements 8 Configuring the Emulator to be performed before you run a program in emulation 9 Solving Problems Part 3 Reference Guide provides detailed information on emulator functions commands and environments 10 Using MC68040 Memory Management 11 Emulator Commands 12 Emulator Messages 13 Setting X Resources 14 The SPARCsystem Interfac...

Page 9: ...Tutorial 11 Step 1 Start the demo 12 Step 2 Display the program in memory 14 Step 3 Run from the transfer address 15 Step 4 Step high level source lines 16 Step 5 Display the previous mnemonic display 17 Step 6 Run until an address 18 Step 7 Display data values 19 Step 8 Display registers 20 Step 9 Step assembly level instructions 21 Step 10 Trace the program 22 Step 11 Display memory at an addres...

Page 10: ...ee symbolic addresses in the trace list 36 Step 20 Take a new trace 37 Step 21 Inverse assemble the trace list 38 Step 22 Reset the emulator 39 2 Solving Quick Start Problems If the desired emulator interface won t start 42 If the text based Softkey Interface won t start under X Windows 42 If you can t load the demo program 43 If you can t display the program 44 Part 2 Using The Emulator Making Me...

Page 11: ... pushbuttons on the Graphical User Interface 61 To edit the command line using the command line popup menu 62 To edit the command line using the keyboard 63 To recall commands 63 To execute a completed command 64 To get online help on commands 65 To display the error log 66 To display the event log 66 Using Special Features of the Graphical User Interface 67 To choose a pulldown menu item using th...

Page 12: ...reate a command file by logging commands 88 To create a command file by using a text editor 90 To execute or playback a command file 91 To nest command files 92 To pause command file execution 93 To add a comment to a command file 94 To pass parameters to a command file 95 To increase flexibility of command files by using ArG_lEfT 97 To specify the order of searching several command file directori...

Page 13: ...rograms 116 To load a program 116 To load the demo program 118 To store a program 119 To edit files 120 Using Symbols 123 To load a symbol database 124 To display global symbols 125 To display local symbols 126 To display the parent symbol of a symbol 128 To copy and paste a full symbol name to the entry buffer 129 To enter a symbol 130 To display the current directory and current working symbol 1...

Page 14: ... in mnemonic format 143 To return to the previous mnemonic display 144 To display memory in real number form 145 To redisplay memory locations 146 To display memory repetitively 146 To modify memory 147 Using Processor Run Controls 150 To run a program 150 To run programs from the transfer address 152 To run programs from reset 152 To run programs until a selected address occurs 153 To break to th...

Page 15: ...all execution breakpoints 172 Changing the Interface Settings 174 To set the source symbol modes 174 To set the display modes 175 Source Symbols View 176 Field Widths 176 Auto Update 176 Using the Emulator In Circuit 177 To install the emulation probe 177 To power on the emulator and your target system 179 To probe target system sockets 179 Using The Emulator With MMU Enabled 180 To enable the pro...

Page 16: ...trigger position 207 To define a simple storage qualifier 208 Displaying the Trace List 209 To disassemble the trace list 212 To specify trace disassembly options 213 To specify trace dequeueing options 215 To display the trace without disassembly 217 To display symbols in the trace list 218 To display source lines in the trace list 220 To change the column width 221 To select the type of count in...

Page 17: ...encing and windowing 243 To count states or time 244 To define a storage qualifier 245 To define a prestore qualifier 246 To trace activity leading up to a program halt 247 To modify the trace specification 248 To repeat the previous trace command 249 To capture a continuous stream of program execution no matter how large your program 250 Saving and Restoring Trace Data and Specifications 254 To s...

Page 18: ...n bus analyzer trigger signal to the BNC connector 274 To break emulator execution on signal from CMB 275 To break emulator execution on signal from BNC 276 To arm the emulation bus analyzer on signal from CMB 277 To arm the emulation bus analyzer on signal from BNC 277 Making Example Measurements 278 To start a simultaneous program run on two emulators 278 To trigger one emulation bus analyzer wi...

Page 19: ...help topics 310 To access context sensitive f1 help 311 To exit the configuration interface 311 To load a configuration 312 Modifying the Monitor Setup 313 To select the monitor type 314 To select the monitor filename 315 To select the monitor address 316 To select the monitor interrupt priority level 317 To select whether or not the emulator will terminate monitor bus cycles 318 To select if ther...

Page 20: ...ce 341 To identify the data rate of your emulation system for the 1K analyzer 341 Modifying the Simulated IO Configuration Items 343 Modifying the Interactive Measurement Specification Configuration Items 344 To select whether the card cage rear panel BNC is connected to the Trig1 or Trig2 or both signals 345 To select whether the coordinated measurement bus is connected to the Trig1 or Trig2 or b...

Page 21: ...ou see multiple guarded memory accesses 359 If you suspect that the emulator is broken 360 If you have trouble mapping memory 361 If emulation memory behavior is erratic 361 If you re having problems with DMA 362 If you re having problems with emulation reset 362 If the deMMUer runs out of resources during the loading process 363 If verbose mode shows less than eight mappings but the deMMUer is ou...

Page 22: ...em example 372 Where Is The MMU 373 Using Supervisor and User Privilege Modes 374 How the MMU is enabled 374 Hardware enable 374 Software enable 375 Restrictions when using the emulator with the MMU turned on 375 How the MMU affects the way you compose your emulation commands 376 Seeing Details of the MMU Translations 377 How the emulator helps you see the details of the MMU mappings 377 Superviso...

Page 23: ...6 Resource limitations 388 Example to show resource limitations 389 The Emulation Memory Map Can Help 389 Dividing the deMMUer table between user and supervisor address space 391 Solving Problems 392 Using the display mmu_translations command to overcome plug in problems 392 Use the analyzer with the deMMUer to find MMU mapping problems 393 Failure caused by access to guarded memory 393 Failure du...

Page 24: ...g_commands 449 modify 450 performance_measurement_end 457 performance_measurement_initialize 458 performance_measurement_run 460 pod_command 461 QUALIFIER 463 reset 466 run 467 SEQUENCING 469 set 471 specify 477 step 479 stop_trace 481 store 482 SYMB 484 trace 492 TRIGGER 496 UNIX_COMMAND 498 wait 499 WINDOW 501 12 Emulator Error Messages Emulator error messages 504 Contents xxiv ...

Page 25: ...tec Language Tools Used With MC68040 Emulators Using Microtec Language Tools 579 To use the Microtec commands 580 Assembler defaults 581 Linker defaults 581 Librarian defaults 582 The Microtec MCC68K compiler 582 16 Specifications and Characteristics Processor Compatibility 584 Electrical 584 Motorola JTAG 584 HP 64783A B Maximum Ratings 585 HP 64783A B Electrical Specifications 586 HP 64783A B Cl...

Page 26: ...Names or Instance Names Can Be Used 602 Wildcards Can Be Used 602 Specific Names Override General Names 603 How X Resource Specifications are Loaded 604 Application Default Resource Specifications 604 User Defined Resource Specifications 604 Load Order 605 Scheme Files 606 Resources for Graphical User Interface Schemes 606 Scheme File Names 607 Load Order for Scheme Files 607 Custom Scheme Files 6...

Page 27: ...614 Obtaining the terminal interface 616 Connecting the emulator to the target system 617 Verifying Operation Of The Emulator In Your Target System 619 Running the emulator configured like the processor 620 To verify operation of the target system 621 Interpreting the trace list 630 Fixing timing problems 632 Installing the emulator in a target system without known good software 633 Contents xxvii...

Page 28: ...reground monitor 654 Testing memory access with the foreground monitor 655 Running a program from the foreground monitor 656 Breaking into the foreground monitor 658 Exiting the foreground monitor 660 Software breakpoint entry into the foreground monitor 660 Stepping with the foreground monitor 663 Installing emulation memory 665 19 Installation and Service Installation 668 Installing Hardware 670...

Page 29: ...nction keys 711 Step 6 Restart the window system 712 Step 7 Run the interface in a window 712 Verifying the Installation 713 Step 1 Determine the logical name of your emulator 713 Step 2 Start the interface with the emul700 command 714 Step 3 Step through the demo with the Action Keys 717 Step 4 Exit the Graphical User Interface 717 Step 5 Verify the performance of the emulator 718 What is pv doin...

Page 30: ...xxx ...

Page 31: ...Part 1 Quick Start Guide 1 ...

Page 32: ...Quick Start Guide In This Part This part describes how to quickly become productive with the emulation system Part 1 2 ...

Page 33: ...1 Getting Started 3 ...

Page 34: ...the Softkey Interface which is provided for several types of terminals terminal emulators and bitmapped displays When using the Softkey Interface commands are entered from the keyboard The Softkey Interface Display area Status line Command line Display area Can show memory data values analyzer traces registers breakpoints status simulated I O global symbols local symbols pod commands the emulator ...

Page 35: ... key or CTRL e clears from the cursor position to the end of the line The CTRL u key clears the whole command line Softkey Interface Conventions Example Softkey Interface commands throughout the manual use the following conventions bold Commands options and parts of command syntax bold italic Commands options and parts of command syntax which may be entered by pressing softkeys normal User specifi...

Page 36: ...and pushbuttons Includes command recall pushbutton Cursor pushbuttons for command line area control Menu Bar Provides pulldown menus from which you select commands When menu items are not applicable they appear half bright and do not respond to mouse clicks Action Keys User defined pushbuttons You can label these pushbuttons and define the action to be performed Chapter 1 Getting Started 6 ...

Page 37: ...and lower arrows to scroll to the top home and bottom end of the window Click on the inner arrows to scroll one line Drag the slider handle up or down to cause continuous scrolling Click between the inner arrows and the slider handle to page up or page down Status Line Displays the emulator and analyzer status Also when error and status messages occur they are displayed on the status line in addit...

Page 38: ...e use of the command line will automatically turn the command line back on Graphical User Interface Conventions Choosing Menu Commands This chapter uses a shorthand notation for indicating that you should choose a particular menu item For example the following instruction Choose File Load Configuration means to first display the File pulldown menu then display the Load cascade menu then select the...

Page 39: ... the default mouse button bindings Mouse Button Bindings and Descriptions Generic Button Name Bindings Description HP 9000 Sun SPARCsystem paste left left Paste from the display area to the entry buffer command paste middle1 middle1 Paste from the entry buffer to the command line text entry area select right right Click selects first item in popup menus Press and hold displays menus command select...

Page 40: ...Sun SPARCsystem menu select extend char extend char insert insert char insert char delete delete char delete char left arrow left arrow left arrow right arrow right arrow right arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow down arrow down arrow down arrow escape escape escape TAB TAB TAB Chapter 1 Getting Started 10 ...

Page 41: ...ftware has been installed as outlined in Chapter 19 Installation and Service and updated as outlined in Chapter 20 Installing Updating Emulator Firmware The emulator is operating out of circuit that is connected to the demo board not your target system as outlined in Chapter 19 Installation and Service The emulator contains at least 60 Kbytes of emulation memory Power is turned on to the instrumen...

Page 42: ...If the Graphical User Interface software is installed on a different type of computer than the computer you are using edit the platformScheme resource setting in the Xdefaults emul file For example if the Graphical User Interface will be run on an HP 9000 computer and be displayed on a Sun SPARCsystem computer change the platform scheme to SunOS This can t be done in the demo directory specified a...

Page 43: ...ults emul file 4 Start the emulator analyzer demo with the command Startemul logical_emul_name The logical_emul_name in the command above is the logical emulator name given in the HP 64700 emulator device table file usr hp64000 etc 64700tab net For the MC68040 emulator it is usually m68040 If you did not perform Step 3 of this Start the demo procedure you will be asked if you would like to have th...

Page 44: ...he command line can be brought on screen by choosing Settings Command Line in the menu bar or placing the cursor in the display area and typing The default display mode settings cause source lines and symbols to appear in displays where appropriate Notice you can use symbols when specifying expressions The global symbol main is used in the command above to specify the starting address of the memor...

Page 45: ... until main Notice the message Software break address is displayed on the status line and that the emulator is Running in monitor You may have to click the select mouse button on the STATUS line to obtain this message When you run until an address a breakpoint is set at the address before the program is run Notice the highlighted bar on the screen it shows the content of the current program counte...

Page 46: ...tep Source from PC Or using the command line enter step source Notice that the highlighted bar the current program counter moves to the next high level source line 2 Step into the init_system function by continuing to step source lines by clicking on the Step Source action key by clicking on the Again action key which repeats the previous command by choosing Execution Step Source fromPC or by ente...

Page 47: ...when you have stepped into a function that you do not wish to look at you can return the previous mnemonic display to the screen and run your program until the source line that follows the function call is reached The next step in this procedure will show you how to make the emulator run through the function init_system and stop when proc_spec_init is reached Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 5 Displ...

Page 48: ...e Position the mouse pointer over the line proc_spec_init Press and hold the select mouse button and choose Run Until from the popup menu Or using the command line enter run until main main c line 98 After the command has executed notice the highlighted bar indicates the program counter has moved to the specified source line Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 6 Run until an address 18 ...

Page 49: ...e num_checks is cut and pasted into the entry buffer 2 Click on the Disp Var action key or choose Display Data Values Add int32 Or using the command line enter display data num_checks int32 The num_checks variable is added to the data values display and its value is displayed as a 32 bit integer Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 7 Display data values 19 ...

Page 50: ...Display registers You can display the contents of the processor registers Choose Display Registers BASIC Or using the command line enter display registers Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 8 Display registers 20 ...

Page 51: ... the current program counter click on the Step Asm action key or choose Execution Step Instruction from PC Or using the command line enter step Notice when registers are displayed stepping causes the assembly language instruction just executed to be displayed Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 9 Step assembly level instructions 21 ...

Page 52: ...d previously or that have been predefined 2 Click on main in the selection dialog box and click the OK pushbutton Notice that the value main has been returned to the entry buffer 3 To trigger on the address main and store states that occur after the trigger choose Trace After Or using the command line enter trace after long_aligned main Notice the message Emulation trace started appears on the sta...

Page 53: ...command line enter display trace The default display mode settings cause source lines and symbols to appear in the trace list Captured states are numbered in the left hand column of the trace list Line 0 always contains the state that caused the analyzer to trigger Other columns contain address information data values opcode or status information and time count information Chapter 1 Getting Starte...

Page 54: ...e command line enter the name of the command file mematreg A prompt appears in the command line 2 Move the mouse pointer to the Define command file dialog box text entry area type A7 and click the OK pushbutton Or if the prompt is in the command line enter A7 Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 11 Display memory at an address in a register 24 ...

Page 55: ... Click on the Patch action key A window appears and the vi editor is started Under ORG main add the line LINK A6 1234h Exit out of the editor saving your changes using wq The Patch action key lets you patch code in your program The file you just edited is assembled and the patch main menu appears Type a beside Enter choice and then press your carriage return key to apply the patch Chapter 1 Gettin...

Page 56: ...g your changes The file you just edited is assembled and the patch main menu appears Type a and press your carriage return key to apply the patch Notice in the emulator analyzer interface that the instruction at address main has been changed back to what it was originally When patching a single address make sure the new instruction takes up the same number of bytes as the old instruction otherwise...

Page 57: ..._env hp64783 Owner guest INCLUDE PCHSINC s ORG main 4 BRA patch1 You may want to change this name ORG 7FE0h You MUST set this address patch1 NOP You may need to modify labels and operands of the following code to match your assembler syntax Patching Range main 4 thru main 15 Insert new code here JSR _proc_spec_init JSR _init_system BRA main 16 You MUST set this address also Notice that symbols can...

Page 58: ...ser mode access The second half of ROM is user accessible and contains shared library and operating system interface functions The second 64 Kbyte block of emulation memory is mapped to upper memory and corresponds to system RAM RAM space is NOT translated 1 1 and has varying access protections During bootup the operating system loads the user program user data and operating system data from ROM i...

Page 59: ...face enter the command end release_system 2 Obtain the MMU demo directory by typing the command cd usr hp64000 demo debug_env hp64783 mmudemo 3 Start the normal MC68040 emulator analyzer with the command emul700 logical_emul_name The logical_emul_name in the command above is the logical emulator name given in the HP 64700 emulator device table file that you used in the first demonstration Step 1 S...

Page 60: ...m Reset Or using the command line enter the following commands load configuration demo EA load demo x set source memory_only_trace_on run from reset Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 13 Obtain the normal interface and MMU demo 30 ...

Page 61: ...gical addresses are translated 1 1 to their physical addresses The third fourth and fifth ranges of logical addresses are translated to different physical addresses The last range of logical addresses is translated 1 1 to its corresponding range of physical addresses The TT attribute beside the last range of physical addresses indicates that it is transparently translated by one of the transparent...

Page 62: ... LEVEL INDEX LOCATION CONTENTS TBL PAGE G Ux S CM M U W UDT PDT SRP 00000200 00000200 RESIDENT A 000 00000200 0000040b 00000400 y n RESIDENT B 000 00000400 0000060b 00000600 y n RESIDENT C 024 00000660 ffff801b ffff8000 n 00 n cw y y n RESIDENT Physical Address hex ffff8000 When you are developing a virtual memory system you will need to check the translations of selected addresses The MMU tables ...

Page 63: ...C 000 00000600 0000009f 00000000 n 00 y cw n y y RESIDENT C 001 00000604 00001087 00001000 n 00 y cw n n y RESIDENT C 002 00000608 00002087 00002000 n 00 y cw n n y RESIDENT C 003 0000060c 00003087 00003000 n 00 y cw n n y RESIDENT C 004 00000610 00004087 00004000 n 00 y cw n n y RESIDENT C 005 00000614 00005087 00005000 n 00 y cw n n y RESIDENT C 006 00000618 00006087 00006000 n 00 y cw n n y RES...

Page 64: ...e operating system of the demo program detects that sysbuf has been modified it starts the user task to display each character in the string for 1 2 second After the last character has been displayed the user task returns to the operating system and sysbuf can be modified again 3 To display characters repetitively add an sign to the end of the string For example modify memory sysbuf string to 0123...

Page 65: ...00000 00 phy sdata byte read 007 000008F4 65F24A82 65F24A82 phy sprog long read 008 000008F0 7050B480 7050B480 phy sprog long read 009 000008F4 65F24A82 65F24A82 phy sprog long read 010 000008F8 6FEA7050 6FEA7050 phy sprog long read 011 000008FC B08263E4 B08263E4 phy sprog long read 012 00000900 2D7C0000 2D7C0000 phy sprog long read 013 00000904 092AFFF8 092AFFF8 phy sprog long read 014 000008E0 F...

Page 66: ... this command was selected so we could see which ranges of physical addresses would be reverse translated by the deMMUer Any physical addresses that might have been derived from two or more logical addresses will be reverse translated to the lowest logical address by the deMMUer Remember the setup of the MMU It showed the following Logical Address Physical Address Attributes 000000000 000007fff 00...

Page 67: ...2AFFF8 092AFFF8 log sprog long read 004 sys_sta 00000014 FF00588F FF00588F log sprog long read 005 sys_sta 00000018 74006008 74006008 log sprog long read 006 sys_sta 0000001C 4A322800 4A322800 log sprog long read 007 sys_sta 00000024 7050B480 7050B480 log sprog long read 008 sys_sta 00000028 65F24A82 65F24A82 log sprog long read 009 sys_sta 0000002C 6FEA7050 6FEA7050 log sprog long read 010 sys_st...

Page 68: ... 250 invoke user task to display string argv 0 demo 002 sys_sta 00000034 2D7C0000 MOVE L 0000092A FFF8 A6 003 sys_sta 00000038 092AFFF8 092AFFF8 log sprog long read 004 sys_sta 00000014 FF00588F Unimplemented F Line Opcode FF0 sys_sta 00000016 ADDQ L 4 A7 demo c line 234 thru 238 for The above display is the trace list format established at power up When you enter a trace command and use your comm...

Page 69: ...or choose Execution Reset On the comand line enter reset The Status line will show M68040 Emulation reset When you apply power to the emulator the initialization process leaves the emulator in the reset state Changing some configuration items also resets the processor Refer to Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator for more information Chapter 1 Getting Started Step 22 Reset the emulator 39 ...

Page 70: ...40 ...

Page 71: ...2 Solving Quick Start Problems Solutions to problems you might face during the Getting Started procedures 41 ...

Page 72: ...ators Installation Service Guide Verify that the PATH environment variable includes the directory containing the interface software usr hp64000 bin The interface files are loaded in the usr hp64000 bin directory by the installation procedure If the text based Softkey Interface won t start under X Windows If the Graphical User Interface is starting when you are trying to start the Softkey Interface...

Page 73: ... the emulator The demo program may not work with target systems other than the demo board Make sure the reset flying lead is connected from the probe to the demo board Check to ensure that you changed to the demo directory usr hp64000 demo debug_env hp64783 for the MC68040 Chapter 2 Solving Quick Start Problems If you can t load the demo program 43 ...

Page 74: ...log shows that the program loaded try reloading the program again If you are displaying memory with symbols on ensure that the symbol data base has been loaded with the program If this is the cause of the problem you will be able to obtain the memory display by referring to the address using its hexadecimal value instead of its symbolic value For example to obtain a display of the program in memor...

Page 75: ...Part 2 Using The Emulator 45 ...

Page 76: ...ebugging Chapter 6 Making Coordinated Measurements tells how to couple two or more emulators to coordinate measurements involving more than one processor Chapter 7 Making Software Performance Measurements shows you how to use the Software Performance Measurement Tool supplied with the emulator Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator explains how to use the emulator analyzer commands to allocate emulati...

Page 77: ...3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface How to enter commands in the Graphical User Interface and the Softkey Interface 47 ...

Page 78: ... in the other interfaces This chapter shows you how to perform the basic tasks associated with each type of emulator analyzer interface The information is grouped into the following sections Starting the emulator analyzer interface Opening other HP 64700 interface windows Entering commands Using special features of the Graphical User Interface Using display control features of the Softkey Interfac...

Page 79: ... are some commands that must be entered in the command line Maximum Number of Windows Ten is the maximum number of windows you can use to view HP 64700 emulator analyzer operation Only one C debugger interface window and one SPA window are allowed but you can start multiple emulator analyzer interface windows Activities that Occur in the Windows When using an HP 64700 Series emulator in a window e...

Page 80: ...unning user program The processor is executing a target user program Running in monitor The processor is executing the emulation monitor No target power No power from the emulated system Awaiting CMB ready The emulator is waiting for a CMB READY signal Refer to Chapter 6 CPU in wait state The processor is waiting for a cycle termination from the target system Unknown state The emulator is in an un...

Page 81: ...ng Multiple Terminals If you do not have a window environment installed on your host computer you can still obtain the benefits of multiple windows by logging onto the same UNIX system from several terminals and starting the emulator on each terminal just as described here for several windows The rest of this chapter describes how to start and stop interface instances and sessions in multiple wind...

Page 82: ...ser To see emulator analyzer availability before interface startup Use the emul700 lv or emul700 lv emul_name command The lv option of the emul700 command provides a verbose listing of all emulators defined in the 64700tab and 64700tab net files and shows whether they are already in use locked or available If a logical emulator name emul_name is included in the command just the status of that emul...

Page 83: ...bs to separate fields Channel Logical Processor Remainder of Information for the Channel Type Name Type IP address for LAN connections lan em68040 m68040 21 17 9 143 serial em68040 m68040 myhost dev emcom23 OFF 9600 NONE XON 2 8 To start the emulator analyzer interface Use the emul700 u user interface emul_name command If usr hp64000 bin is specified in your PATH environment variable you can start...

Page 84: ...phical User Interface starts otherwise the Softkey Interface starts The status message shows that the default configuration file has been loaded If the command is not successful you will be given an error message and returned to the UNIX prompt Error messages are described in Chapter 12 Emulator Error Messages To start the softkey user interface for the emulator analyzer when the X Window System i...

Page 85: ...pecifications If the HP64KPATH variable is set the interface will use the search paths specified in this variable to locate a command file passed to it with the emul700 command Refer to the Creating and Using Command Files section later in this chapter for information on creating command files Examples To start the emulator analyzer interface and run the startup command file enter emul700 c startu...

Page 86: ...ommand may be used to unlock the emulators whose logical names are specified You can only use this command if there is no current session in progress Examples To unlock the emulator whose logical name is em68040 enter emul700 U em68040 Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Starting the Emulator Analyzer Interface 56 ...

Page 87: ... Softkey Interface windows choose File Emul700 Emulator Analyzer under Terminal Windows Enter the emul700 emul_name command in another terminal emulation window You have a choice of opening up to nine additional windows whether they be Graphical User Interface windows or terminal emulation windows containing the Softkey Interface When you open an additional window the status line will show that th...

Page 88: ...tion on how to use the high level debugger interface refer to the debugger emulator User s Guide To open the software performance analyzer SPA interface window Choose File Emul700 Performance Analyzer under Graphic Windows For information on how to use the software performance analyzer refer to the Software Performance Analyzer User s Guide Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Opening O...

Page 89: ...he error log and the event log To turn the command line on or off in the Graphical User Interface To turn the command line on or off using the pulldown menu choose Settings Command Line To turn the command line on or off using the status line popup menu position the mouse pointer within the status line area press and hold the select mouse button and choose Command Line On Off from the menu To turn...

Page 90: ... while the command line is off causes the command line to be turned on That is because the menu item chosen requires some command line input that cannot be supplied any other way To enter commands on the command line In the Graphical User Interface successively position the mouse pointer on pushbuttons and click the pushbutton select mouse button until a complete command is formed Successively pre...

Page 91: ...hange to insertion mode and then type the characters to be inserted To replace characters at the cursor position press the insert key on your keyboard to change to replacement mode and then type the replacement characters To delete characters to the left of the cursor position press the BACKSPACE key on your keyboard When the cursor arrives at the beginning of a command word or token the softkey l...

Page 92: ...nu To insert characters position the mouse pointer where you wish to locate the text cursor or over a non text area to use the current text cursor location Press and hold the select mouse button to display the Command Line popup menu and then choose Position Cursor Insert Mode from the menu Type the characters to be inserted To replace characters position the mouse pointer where you wish to locate...

Page 93: ...ds with semicolons Recall previous commands by pressing Ctrl r to cycle backward or Ctrl b to cycle forward through the command line buffer Delete the current command line by pressing Ctrl u Clear the command line from the cursor position to the end of the line by pressing Ctrl e To recall commands 1 In the Graphical User Interface click the pushbutton labeled Recall in the Command Line area to di...

Page 94: ...and Recall dialog box and define the maximum number of entries by setting X resources refer to Chapter 13 Setting X Resources See To use dialog boxes in this chapter for information about using dialog boxes To execute a completed command In the Graphical User Interface click the pushbutton labeled Return near the bottom of the command line area In the Graphical User Interface position the mouse po...

Page 95: ...ommand line type help command_name The command_name parameter can be entered from the softkeys after you type help You can type a question mark in place of the keyword help When you use the help command information about the command you selected including syntax and sample usage scrolls onto the screen The Help Index lists topics covering operation of the interface as well other information about ...

Page 96: ...event log Choose Display Event Log Position the mouse pointer on the status line press and hold the select mouse button and then choose Display Event Log from the popup menu Using the command line enter display event_log The last 100 events that have occurred during the emulation session are displayed The status of the emulator and analyzer are recorded in the event log as well as the conditions t...

Page 97: ...using the mouse method 1 1 Position the mouse pointer over the name of the menu on the menu bar 2 Press and hold the command select mouse button to display the menu While continuing to hold down the mouse button move the mouse pointer to the desired menu item If the menu item has a cascade menu identified by an arrow on the right edge of the menu pushbutton then continue to hold the mouse button d...

Page 98: ...n to display the menu 3 Move the mouse pointer to the desired menu item If the menu item has a cascade menu identified by an arrow on the right edge of the menu pushbutton then repeat the previous step and then this step until you find the desired item 4 Click the mouse button to select the item If you decide not to select a menu item simply move the mouse pointer off of the menu and click the mou...

Page 99: ...riage return key on the keyboard To cancel a displayed menu press the Escape key The interface supports keyboard mnemonics and the use of the arrow keys to move within or between menus For each menu or menu item the underlined character in the menu or menu item label is the keyboard mnemonic character Notice the keyboard mnemonic is not always the first character of the label If a menu item has a ...

Page 100: ...lable the mouse pointer changes from an arrow to a hand 2 Press and hold the select mouse button 3 After the popup menu appears while continuing to hold down the mouse button move the mouse pointer to the desired menu item 4 Release the mouse button to select the menu choice If you decide not to select a menu item simply continue to hold the mouse button down move the mouse pointer off of the menu...

Page 101: ...play area the status line and from the command line entry area When you position the pointer and click the mouse button the interface expands the highlight to include the most complete text string it considers to be discrete Discrete here means that the interface will stop expanding the highlight in a given direction when it discovers a delimiting character not determined to be part of the string ...

Page 102: ...mpletely displayed because there are too many characters to fit into the width limit for a particular column of the display To make a symbol usable for copy and paste you can scroll the screen left or right to display all or at least more of the characters from the symbol The interface displays absolute addresses as hex values Text pasted into the entry buffer replaces that which is currently ther...

Page 103: ...n the mouse pointer over the symbol and then click the paste mouse button A mouse click causes the interface to expand the highlight to include the symbol mmutest 0000000C and paste the symbol into the entry buffer Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Using Special Features of the Graphical User Interface 73 ...

Page 104: ...t the interface You can predefine entries for the Entry Buffer Recall dialog box and define the maximum number of entries by setting X resources refer to Chapter 13 Setting X Resources See the following To use dialog boxes section for information about using dialog boxes To use the entry buffer 1 Place information into the entry buffer see the previous To place values into the entry buffer using t...

Page 105: ...de for the command entry area by pressing the insert key on the keyboard 5 Click the command paste mouse button to paste the text in the command line entry area at the current cursor position The entire contents of the entry buffer are pasted into the command line at the current cursor position Although a paste from the display area to the entry buffer affects all displayed entry buffers in all op...

Page 106: ...ow to define and use action keys You ll really appreciate action keys when you define and use your own Action keys are defined by setting an X resource Refer to Chapter 13 Setting X Resources for more information about creating action keys To use dialog boxes 1 Click on an item in the dialog box list to copy the item to the text entry area of the dialog box 2 Edit the item in the text entry area i...

Page 107: ...he display presentation for memory and trace list displays Modify Register You can view and modify values of any selected register as well as recalling previous values of the registers Symbol Selection Selects the current working symbol cws You can change to a previously accessed cws a predefined cws or specify a new cws The dialog boxes share some common properties Most dialog boxes can be left o...

Page 108: ... informs you what kind of file selection you are performing Text entry area Text is either copied here from the recall list or entered directly Clicking this pushbutton chooses the file name displayed in the text entry area and closes the dialog box Entering a new file filter and clicking this pushbutton causes a list of files matching the new filter to be read from the directory Clicking this pus...

Page 109: ...area Directory name is either copied here from the recall list or entered directly Clicking this pushbutton chooses the directory displayed in the text entry area and closes the dialog box Clicking this pushbutton chooses the directory displayed in the text entry area but keeps the dialog box on the screen instead of closing it Clicking this pushbutton cancels the directory selection operation and...

Page 110: ...ult Ctrl l To redraw the current display Ctrl f To roll the display left Ctrl g To roll the display right Ctrl s To stop screen updates Ctrl q To resume screen updates You can roll the display left and right only if there is more information than will fit into 80 columns Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Using display control features of the Softkey Interface 80 ...

Page 111: ...format is the same as specified in the last display memory command For example if you copy memory after displaying a range of memory in mnemonic format the file would contain the mnemonic memory information If there is no previous display memory command the format used is a blocked hex byte format beginning at address zero Data Values Copies the contents of the defined data values last displayed A...

Page 112: ... symbols from the symbol scope named by an enclosing symbol in the entry buffer If symbols have not been loaded this menu item is grayed out and unresponsive Pod Commands Copies the last 100 lines from the pod commands display Error Log Copies the last 100 lines from the error log display Event Log Copies the last 100 lines from the event log display See the copy command syntax in Chapter 11 Emula...

Page 113: ...u wish to close select File Exit Window If using the command line in the interface window you wish to close enter end This ends the interface instance in the window where the command is executed None of the other windows are affected If the window is the only window into the emulation session the above command ends the emulation session and leaves the emulator in a locked state Emulators restarted...

Page 114: ...and locks the emulator to prevent other users from accessing it When you again start the interface with the emul700 command the temporary file is reloaded and you return to the configuration you were using when you quit Also when you end locked the contents of the entry buffer and command recall buffer are saved These recall buffer values will be present when you restart the interface In contrast ...

Page 115: ... interface and then execute a command file that would perform the following steps 1 Load a configuration file 2 Load an absolute file 3 Modify registers or memory locations 4 Set up a trace specification 5 Start the program running 6 Capture a trace 7 Save the trace listing to a file Command files are also useful for saving very complex trace specifications so that they can be used again during an...

Page 116: ...les with Command Files Command files may contain shell variables Command files only support shell variables beginning with followed by an identifier An identifier is composed of an underscore or a letter followed by zero or more letters digits or underscores Identifiers may follow the symbol directly or follow the enclosed in braces An identifier must be enclosed in braces if any letter digit or u...

Page 117: ...ommand Nesting Command Files You can call other command files from an executing command file Called files can in turn call other command files This nesting of calls can continue to a maximum of eight levels Command files called from an executing command file are executed like subroutines of the calling file Control returns to the calling file after the called file has executed Pausing Command File...

Page 118: ...ter is the backslash character Placing a backslash at the end of the line just before the line feed causes the following line to be concatenated with the current line Multiple lines can be concatenated by ending all but the last line with a backslash The concatenated lines will be treated as a single command line Note that if you end the last line of a command file with a backslash the command wil...

Page 119: ...formation If filename already exists commands are appended to the current contents of the file unless the noappend option is used If filename does not exist a new file is created File creation errors can sometimes be caused by write permission violations of either files or directories If you are having trouble creating a command file make sure you have the correct permissions Example To save a set...

Page 120: ...tor Use a text editor to create the command file A command file is a text file containing commands in the form that appear on the command line You can create command files with an ASCII text editor such as vi Make sure that the commands you create in your command file are syntactically correct Syntactically incorrect command lines will halt command file execution Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analy...

Page 121: ... in all directories listed in the HP64KPATH variable If the interface does not find the command file in those directories it then searches the current working directory for the command file If the environment variable HP64KPATH is not set the interface searches only in the current working directory for the command file If the command file name has a path name prefixed to it the interface will only...

Page 122: ...ted on the command line To nest command files Call a command file from an executing command file by including the command file name in the executing command file The emulation analyzer interface executes commands found in a command file just as if they were entered into the command line That means if the interface encounters a command that is not part of its own command set it will attempt to exec...

Page 123: ...ic amount of time use the wait time command where time is in seconds To pause execution of a command file until a trace trigger has been found and the trace buffer is filled use the wait measurement_complete command You may want to add a delay to a command file under certain conditions For example you may want to execute a command file up to a certain point have it display a screen and then pause ...

Page 124: ...omplete To add a comment to a command file Use a pound sign to precede the comment string You can use this technique either while logging commands to a file during an emulation session or when you are creating a command file with a text editor Any text that follows the comment character up to the next new line is ignored by the interface Comments may appear on lines by themselves or comments may f...

Page 125: ...n the command line Enter a value for the second parameter second after the command file name And so on In response to prompts from the interface If a formal parameter exists in the command file and no actual parameter was passed to it on the command line the interface will prompt you for a value for the formal parameter If you enter a command file name without supplying any actual parameters the i...

Page 126: ...s Issue the command loadany and then respond to the parameter prompts A prompt for the cfgname parameter for this command file will look like the following STATUS M68040 Running in monitor Define command file parameter cfgname You might also start the command file supply just the first parameter and have the interface prompt you for the second parameter Issue the command loadany democfg to cause t...

Page 127: ...e union of all arguments remaining in the string of arguments passed to the command file Arguments for this special parameter must be passed on the command line and can be zero or more in number The interface will not prompt for a value for ArG_lEfT If you do not pass any values the interface removes the special parameter and executes the command associated with the special parameter without any a...

Page 128: ...searching for is found or no more paths exist If the command file has not been found after this search then the interface looks in the current working directory for the command file If this variable is not set the interface only searches the current working directory This variable is typically set to point to a common directory of command files that might be used by several people You could also u...

Page 129: ...king directory to be the first directory searched instead of the last directory searched by including the dot symbol as the first directory in the HP64KPATH as in set HP64KPATH users cmdfiles users myid cmdfiles By making the current directory the first in the path you speed up command file access for command files in the current working directory because the interface would otherwise search the c...

Page 130: ...terfaces can receive forwarded commands Commands are forwarded using the forward command available in the command line The general syntax is forward interface_name command_string This section shows you how to Forward commands to the high level debugger Forward commands to the software performance analyzer To forward commands to the high level debugger Enter the forward debug command_string command...

Page 131: ...er the forward perf command_string command using the command line Examples To send the profile command to the software performance analyzer forward perf profile Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Forwarding Commands to Other HP 64700 Interfaces 101 ...

Page 132: ...actual state of the emulator to be different from the internal record of the state of the emulator that is kept by the high level interface Changing communications parameters can prevent the high level interface from communicating further with the emulator and cause abnormal termination of the interface Be careful when using Terminal Interface commands to avoid creating problems for the high level...

Page 133: ...isplay Pod Commands If you are using the command line enter display pod_command The interface will accept Terminal Interface commands but will not show the results output of those commands unless the Terminal Interface pod command screen is displayed Generally you display this screen before entering one or more pod commands To copy the Terminal Interface screen contents to a file To append the con...

Page 134: ...ations on files or subdirectories Make sure you have write permission on the file and on the directory where you intend to create the file To enter Terminal Interface commands 1 To execute just one or two Terminal Interface commands enter the Terminal Interface command enclosed in double quotes as an argument to pod_command on the command line or 2 If you expect to enter several Terminal Interface...

Page 135: ...is in effect the interface passes all keyboard input through to the Terminal Interface The Terminal Interface validates and executes all commands directly and displays the results on the Terminal Interface screen Examples Access the Terminal Interface and display memory locations 0 through 20 in long word format display pod_command pod_command m dl 0 20 Access the Terminal Interface from the comma...

Page 136: ...terface using the pod_command keyword If you need help on any Terminal Interface command you can use its help command See the MC68040 EC040 LC040 Emulator Analyzer Terminal Interface User s Guide for more information regarding the Terminal Interface Examples Get help on the Terminal Interface cf command display pod_command pod_command help cf Get help on all Terminal Interface command groups displ...

Page 137: ...the emulation module To set environment variables Type set ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE VALUE You can set UNIX environment variables with the set command The ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE can be any UNIX environment identifier name The VALUE can be any string value If the value has embedded spaces use double quotes around the string Example To set the PRINTER environment variable to lp s enter set PRINTER lp s Cha...

Page 138: ...owser executes your UNIX command and provides results in a scrollable window instead of a terminal window default display wait_for_exit waits for your UNIX command to finish its execution before allowing the next command to begin This is useful for commands that require extra time to complete such as make no_prompt_ before_exit used to speed operation when you don t need the results display For ex...

Page 139: ...e Using the command line enter the name_of_module command While operating your emulator you can verify the name of the emulation module This is also the logical name of the emulator in the emulator device file Examples To display the name of your emulation module name_of_module The name of the emulation module is displayed on the status line Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface Accessin...

Page 140: ...110 ...

Page 141: ...4 Using the Emulator How to control the processor and view system resources 111 ...

Page 142: ...lation interface can display data and symbolic assembly code in windows or can additionally show the C language source code intermixed with the assembly code You can start and stop execution of application code using the run and step commands Breakpoints can be placed at strategic locations to stop application execution when a specific address is reached An application can communicate directly wit...

Page 143: ...ad and run the complete demo program your emulation system must have at least 256K of emulation memory obtained by installing at least one SRAM on the emulation probe Refer to Chapter 19 Installation and Service at the end of this manual for instructions on how to install SRAM memory modules To build programs 1 Create source files in C or MC68040 assembly language using a text editor 2 Translate t...

Page 144: ... that you ll want your files in IEEE 695 absolute format The HP language tools for the HP 9000 produce this format Processor C Compiler Assembler MC68040 HP B1463 HP B1465 You may use other language tools if they produce either IEEE 695 or HP64000 absolute file formats Other file formats such as Motorola S records and Tektronix hex format can be converted to HP64000 format by using the HP 64888 ut...

Page 145: ...ion This starts a series of questions whose answers define the emulator configuration You must configure the emulator to allocate system resources such as memory and to set handling of interrupts You must do this before you load and execute programs and make emulator measurements Refer to Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator If you want to use the examples in this manual you must load a special conf...

Page 146: ...o control the load process Refer to the load command syntax in Chapter 11 Emulator Commands To load a program Choose File Load Executable In the dialog box click on the name of the executable file to load and then click OK Using the command line load a program absolute file into emulation or target memory by entering load memory_type filename fcode fcode memory_type is optional emul_mem is emulati...

Page 147: ...tion found in the absolute file choose File Load Executable To load the executable part of your absolute file into memory but not load symbolic information found in the absolute file choose File Load Program Only To load only the symbolic information found in the absolute file without loading the executable part of your absolute file choose File Load Symbols Only Suppose you are using two MMU mapp...

Page 148: ... demo directory The demo files will be copied and modified as required into the directory you specify and then the emulator interface will appear on screen It will be ready for you to run the demo procedure 3 Press the Action keys from left to right and top to bottom to see the demo The demo program supplied with the MC68040 acts as a hypothetical environmental control system for a computer room Y...

Page 149: ...e to be stored offset optional value to be subtracted from expression filename is the name including paths if needed of a file to store the data If you patched a program or data structure by modifying memory you may want to save the memory image for comparison with other changes or for future testing The store command allows you to do this The store command creates absolute files in HP64000 format...

Page 150: ...n the mouse pointer over the line of source where you want to begin the edit press and hold the select mouse button and choose Edit Source from the popup menu When editing files at addresses the interface determines which source file contains the code generated for the address and opens an edit session on the file The interface will issue an error message if it cannot find a source file for the ad...

Page 151: ... file that defines a symbol Choosing this menu item brings up a terminal window with an edit session open on the file where the highlighted symbol is defined Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Loading and Storing Programs 121 ...

Page 152: ...he location of a source line Choosing this menu item brings up a terminal window with an edit session open on the file where the highlighted source line exists Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Loading and Storing Programs 122 ...

Page 153: ...l information you need to reference the module that contains the symbols You can use the symbol names instead of addresses when entering expressions as part of an emulation command Therefore you don t have to remember address information to make a measurement Also the emulator can display symbols within the results of a measurement using the set symbols on command This helps you relate the measure...

Page 154: ...through the emulator The symbol database for the most recently loaded absolute file is the current symbol database If you want to use a symbol database from a different absolute file without reloading the file use the load symbols command to load only the symbol database for that file Example Suppose you have a system that uses two absolute files one called system x and another called task x You l...

Page 155: ...modules you have loaded into emulation or target memory The symbols list includes the address range associated with a symbol the name of the associated segment and the offset of the symbol within the segment You can use the UP and DOWN cursor keys and the NEXT and PREV keys to scroll or page through the global symbols listing Example Display the global symbols for the demo program display global_s...

Page 156: ...information associated with each symbol The symbols defined within a given symbol are local to that symbol That is they are defined as children of that symbol See To enter a symbol for more information on the symbol_name If no local symbols are associated with your selection the interface displays the parent symbol To display the address ranges associated with the high level program s source file ...

Page 157: ...e symbols display popup menu If local symbols exist within the scope of the symbol you chose then the display changes to show those symbols Otherwise the interface issues an error View the local symbols associated with the highlighted symbol by choosing this menu item Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using Symbols 127 ...

Page 158: ...use button and choose Display Parent Symbols from the popup menu If a parent symbol does not exist for the highlighted symbol this menu item will be grayed out and unresponsive to mouse clicks Examples View the parent symbol associated with the highlighted symbol by choosing this menu item Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using Symbols 128 ...

Page 159: ... the full symbol name is in the entry buffer you can use it with pulldown menu items or paste it to the command line area By cutting the full symbol name you can be sure that you specified the complete scope of the symbol including all names of symbols that were truncated Examples Copy the full name of the highlighted symbol to the entry buffer by choosing this menu item Chapter 4 Using the Emulat...

Page 160: ...own in the SYMB syntax pages in Chapter 11 Emulator Commands Examples These are examples of some valid symbol entries Int_Cmd demo Main procedure demo EndLoop handle_msg Fill_Dest handle_msg Cmd_A system c line10 Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using Symbols 130 ...

Page 161: ... type them at the keyboard The directory context included in the dialog box seen in the Graphical User Interface is the directory accessed by all system references for files primary load store and copy commands if no explicit directory is mentioned Unless you have changed directories since beginning the emulation session the current directory context is that of the directory from which you started...

Page 162: ...To change the current working symbol context Choose File Context Symbols and use the dialog box to select a new working symbol context Using the command line enter the cws symbol_context command Because cws is a hidden command and doesn t appear on a softkey label you have to type it in You can predefine symbol contexts and set the maximum number of entries for the Symbol Scope Selection dialog bo...

Page 163: ...update_sys get_targets blocked bytes display memory update_sys graph_data blocked bytes display memory update_sys write_hdwr blocked bytes To save repeated typing of update_sys enter cws update_sys Then enter the memory display commands as display memory get_targets blocked bytes display memory graph_data blocked bytes display memory write_hdwr blocked bytes Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using Symb...

Page 164: ...splay Data Values New and select the data type from the cascade menu This clears the data values display and adds a new item Place the absolute or symbolic address of the desired data in the entry buffer Then choose Display Data Values Add and select the data type from the cascade menu This adds data items to the data values display Choose Display Data Values if you have a display of data values o...

Page 165: ... unsigned positive integer u_int32 Display one 32 bit location as an unsigned positive integer char ASCII characters You can use the display data command to display simple data types in your program This can make the display of simple variables easier to read because you don t have to visually sort a display such as a memory display to find the locations of interest You can use symbols in the addr...

Page 166: ...source only symbols on Only high level source lines are displayed in mnemonic memory and trace displays Examples To turn ON source lines in displays and display memory in mnemonic format set source only symbols on display memory main mnemonic Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Accessing Processor Memory Resources 136 ...

Page 167: ...ymbols on High level source lines are intermixed with assembly language instructions in mnemonic memory and trace displays Examples To turn ON source lines in displays and display memory in mnemonic format set source on symbols on display memory main mnemonic Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Accessing Processor Memory Resources 137 ...

Page 168: ... set source off symbols on Symbols are included in memory mnemonic trace breakpoints and register step displays Examples To turn ON symbols in displays and display memory in mnemonic format set source off symbols on display memory main mnemonic Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Accessing Processor Memory Resources 138 ...

Page 169: ... off symbols off No symbols or source lines are included in mnemonic memory or trace displays Examples To turn OFF symbols and source lines in displays and display memory in mnemonic format set source off symbols off display memory main mnemonic Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Accessing Processor Memory Resources 139 ...

Page 170: ...rmat by entering display memory lower thru upper bytes To format the memory listing as a single column add the keyword absolute before the data type in the display memory command To format the memory listing as multiple columns add the keyword blocked before the data type in the display memory command Example Display the demo program s average temperature array display memory aver_temp thru aver_t...

Page 171: ... by entering display memory lower thru upper words To format the memory listing as a single column add the keyword absolute before the data type in the display memory command To format the memory listing as multiple columns add the keyword blocked before the data type in the display memory command Example Display the demo program s average temperature array display memory aver_temp thru aver_temp ...

Page 172: ...long word format by entering display memory lower thru upper long To format the memory listing as a single column add the keyword absolute before the data type in the display memory command To format the memory listing as multiple columns add the keyword blocked before the data type in the display memory command Example Display the processor s interrupt vector table display memory 0 thru 3ffh abso...

Page 173: ...monic display add the parameter offset_by expression to the end of the display memory command line expression is an address expression that is subtracted from each address in the memory display If code gets relocated and therefore makes symbolic information obsolete you can use the offset_by option to change the address information so that it again agrees with the symbolic information You can also...

Page 174: ...e_hdwr thru write_hdwr end mnemonic To return to the previous mnemonic display Choose Display Memory Mmemonic previous This command is useful for quickly returning to the previous mnemonic memory display For example suppose you are stepping source lines and you step into a function that you would like to step over You can return to the previous mnemonic memory display set a breakpoint the line fol...

Page 175: ...g 3 Display memory values as 96 bit IEEE 754 double extended precision real numbers by selecting display memory lower thru upper real extended 4 Display memory values as 96 bit Motorola Packed real numbers by selecting display memory lower thru upper real packed Real numbers use the formats defined by the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating Point Arithmetic They can be short 32 bits long 64 bits or ...

Page 176: ...y memory repetitively Choose Display Memory Repetitively Using the command line continuously display memory with display memory repetitively This command continuously updates the memory display Use this only to monitor memory while running your target code it requires a lot of CPU time To allow the current memory display to be updated whenever the emulator detects a modification to memory content ...

Page 177: ...es select modify memory lower thru upper to value1 value2 To change whether memory is modified by bytes words or long words add the mode parameter before the to keyword To modify memory as real numbers select modify memory lower thru upper real short long to real1 real2 To modify a sequence of bytes to an ASCII string literal select modify memory lower thru upper string to string The address param...

Page 178: ...memory 0e1fh bytes to 43h Modify the memory using a symbol modify memory erno bytes to 43h Modify the range of locations from e00 through e38 to zero modify memory 0e00h thru 0e38h to 0 Modify the range of locations from 0e00 through 0e38 to ABC modify memory 0e00h thru 0e38h bytes to 41h 42h 43h Modify the memory at e00 hex to the string This is a string modify memory 0e00h string to This is a st...

Page 179: ...n f01 will contain 03 Notice that you refer to a word by an even address which is the address of its most significant byte this is defined by the MC68040 processor architecture Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Accessing Processor Memory Resources 149 ...

Page 180: ... can break to the monitor program to examine on chip resources such as RAM and registers and you can reset the processor from the emulator To run a program Choose Execution Run and select the desired starting point from the submenu or select until to specify the ending point Enter the starting or ending address in the entry buffer before you choose a command that contains from or until Using the c...

Page 181: ...ulator is not in the reset state If the emulator is in the reset state the run command with no parameters is equivalent to a run from reset command unless the run command is preceded by a break command If you reset the emulator break to the monitor and then run the emulator the stack pointer and program counter values are taken from the values supplied to configuration items instead of from the re...

Page 182: ... the program code from the absolute file If the interface does not detect a transfer address this menu item is grayed out and unresponsive to mouse clicks To run programs from reset Choose Execution Run from Reset Using the command line enter run from reset This command resets the emulation processor and begins executing your target program at either the start address for the processor or at the a...

Page 183: ...rom the current program counter until the breakpoint is hit This command is useful for bypassing large areas of code For example you may want to run your program through the program startup code until the main function begins so that you can begin testing your code at main When using the command line you can combine the various types of run from commands with the run until command for example you ...

Page 184: ...d run until address commands can be used to break to the monitor at selected points in your target program The status line changes to Running in monitor If you enter a break command while the processor is in a wait state hung bus cycle the emulator may terminate hung target bus cycles in an attempt to transition into the monitor A bus cycle is considered hung when the target system has not provide...

Page 185: ...nter value enter step count To step the processor one instruction from an address given by address type step from address To step the processor count number of times from an address given by address type step count from address To suppress display of registers for intermediate steps of a multi step execution add the silently parameter after the step count command count must be greater than one Thi...

Page 186: ...pon completion of single stepping the emulator restores modified vector table entries and issues a status message the first time the vector table is modified If the trace exception vector does not contain the correct value and the vector table is located in target ROM the emulator will issue an error message and not perform the single step There are two ways to deal with this situation Either alte...

Page 187: ...oating point operations may not complete because the emulator generates an interrupt after a finite amount of time after the single step is initiated Examples To step the processor one instruction from its present location choose Execution Step Instruction from PC or on the command line enter step To step the processor three instructions from the current program counter step 3 To step the processo...

Page 188: ...you to do this Or you can reset the emulation processor from the target system The MC68040 emulator will respond to a target system reset A target system reset does not reset the entire emulator It resets only the emulation processor If the emulator is running a user program when the target system reset occurs it will behave as if a run from reset command were issued If the MC68040 emulator is in ...

Page 189: ...or FPU or MMU to display the desired register class Using the command line enter commands as follows To display an individual register enter display registers register_name where register_name is one of the names shown in the table on the next page To display the basic processor register set enter display registers or display registers BASIC To display the floating point registers enter display re...

Page 190: ...uring the Emulator The MMU register class of the MC68EC040 is different from the MMU register class of the MC68040 and MC68LC040 The MC68EC040 uses registers DACR0 IACR0 and DACR1 IACR1 which are nearly identical to DTT0 ITT0 and DTT1 ITT1 These MC68EC040 registers are displayed in the DTT0 ITT0 DTT1 ITT1 registers respectively The TTRs are still usable when the MMU is disabled and correspond with...

Page 191: ...cimal notation Special values such as denormals infinity and NaN Not a Number can be entered by using hexadecimal notation The following are examples of acceptable entries for the floating point registers 12 34e 56 1 E23 1e 23 1 2 7 7654321 0000 000001 7fff0000ffffffffffffffffH Modifying a register s contents can help you test the effects of different program values without the trouble of rebuildi...

Page 192: ...e new value Click this pushbutton to read the present value of the selected register Click Recall to select register names and values from predefined or previously specified entries Click this pushbutton and select the desired type from the submenu Click OK to modify the register to the new value and close the dialog box Click Apply to modify the register to the value specified and leave the dialo...

Page 193: ...ed as data and no breakpoint cycle will occur When the BKPT instruction is executed target program execution stops immediately unlike using the analyzer to cause a break into the monitor which may allow several additional bus cycles to execute before the break finally occurs Setting execution breakpoints in RAM When you set an execution breakpoint in RAM the emulator will place a breakpoint instru...

Page 194: ... in memory Breakpoints implemented in software will show a BKPT instruction at the breakpoint address Breakpoints implemented using one of the eight hardware resources will show the original instruction at the breakpoint address Execution breakpoints in ROM when the MMU manages memory If the MMU is enabled when setting an execution breakpoint in ROM the emulator translates the logical breakpoint a...

Page 195: ...ess it the same as a temporary breakpoint but when the breakpoint instruction is executed the original instruction will only replace the breakpoint instruction during its next execution This allows you to step through the original instruction one time After your first step the BKPT instruction will replace the original instruction again so that the breakpoint will occur the next time the breakpoin...

Page 196: ...nable breakpoints add several and then disable them they all become inactive If you reenable the breakpoints feature you must choose Breakpoints Set All or on the command line enter modify software_breakpoints set if you want to set all the existing breakpoint entries To disable an execution breakpoint Choose Breakpoints Enable again The Breakpoints Enable selection is a switch Inside the breakpoi...

Page 197: ...kpoint When displaying memory in mnemonic format position the mouse pointer over the program line where you wish to set the breakpoint and click the select mouse button Or press and hold the select mouse button and choose Set Clear Software Breakpoint from the popup menu Place an absolute or symbolic address in the entry buffer then choose Breakpoints Permanent Using the command line enter the com...

Page 198: ...ts set To add a new breakpoint you can choose Breakpoints Temporary with the name of the new breakpoint in the entry buffer or use the modify software_breakpoints set command and specify the address for the breakpoint You can also use this method to reenable an existing breakpoint at that address If you choose Breakpoints Set All or use the modify software_breakpoints set command without an addres...

Page 199: ...ts set ADDRESS permanent or temporary force_hw There may be times when you want to have the emulator use one of its eight hardware resources to ensure an emulation break at a RAM address For example you may know that the program in ROM will overwrite the RAM address before the breakpoint is executed Normally this will eliminate the breakpoint instruction The above commands ensure that the breakpoi...

Page 200: ...int from the popup menu to clear the selected breakpoint Using the command line enter comands as follows To remove an existing breakpoint at a location given by address enter modify software_breakpoints clear address To remove all existing breakpoints enter modify software_breakpoints clear When you re finished using a particular breakpoint you should clear the breakpoint table entry The original ...

Page 201: ...ing breakpoint at get_targets modify software_breakpoints clear update_sys get_targets To clear all existing breakpoints modify software_breakpoints clear Bring up the menu and choose this item to clear the highlighted breakpoint Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using Execution Breakpoints 171 ...

Page 202: ...display software_breakpoints The breakpoints table shows you whether the breakpoints feature is currently enabled or disabled Also the status is shown for each breakpoint in memory If Pending the BKPT instruction is in memory at that location and the breakpoint is set If Inactive the memory location contains the original instruction and the breakpoint will not be executed Active breakpoints are in...

Page 203: ...ivated Which means the breakpoint has been inactivated Temporary breakpoints are inactivated when they are encountered during program execution Both temporary and permanent breakpoints may be inactivated using the breakpoints display popup menu In the breakpoints display a popup menu is available obtained by pressing the select mouse button You can set inactivate or clear breakpoints as well as en...

Page 204: ...ible choose Settings Source Symbol Modes Symbols To display assembly language mnemonics intermixed with high level source lines choose Settings Source Symbol Modes Source Mixed To display only high level source lines choose Settings Source Symbol Modes Source Only Using the command line enter commands as follows To display mixed source and assembly language enter set source on To display only sour...

Page 205: ...d or Off Clicking toggles whether symbolic information is displayed Move the mouse pointer to the text entry area and type in the desired field widths Label Field sets the width of the Label Address field Mnemonic Field sets the width of the Opcode or Status field Symbols in Mnemonic Field sets the widths of symbols shown in the Opcode or Status field Source Lines field sets the width of lines tha...

Page 206: ...ic field of the trace list memory mnemonic and register step mnemonic displays Source Lines sets the width in characters of the source lines in the memory mnemonic display Auto Update Memory Displays Except Mnemonic toggles whether memory displays are automatically updated after commands that change memory contents or whether you must enter memory display commands to update the display You may wis...

Page 207: ...sfully connect the emulator to a target system and overcome problems you may encounter Refer to Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator for details of the emulation configuration To install the emulation probe CAUTION Possible damage to the emulator probe The emulation probe contains devices that are susceptible to damage by static discharge Take precautions before handling the probe to avoid damaging ...

Page 208: ...and on the target system socket Store the processor in a protected environment such as antistatic foam 2 Insert the emulator probe into your target system socket Make sure to align pin A1 of the emulator probe and the target system socket Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using the Emulator In Circuit 178 ...

Page 209: ...tor 1 Turn on power to the emulator 2 Turn on power to your target system 3 Before you turn off power to the emulator be sure to turn off power to your target system To probe target system sockets A flexible adapter is available from Hewlett Packard for special target system probing needs It is listed in the following table Probe type HP part number 68040 PGA to PGA flexible adapter E3429A Chapter...

Page 210: ...ration the emulator asserts the MDIS signal and ignores the MDIS signal from the target system thus preventing the target system from using the MMU If you are using the background monitor you will need to select a foreground monitor before the MMU can be enabled within the emulator configuration Refer to the chapter titled Configuring the Emulator for details of setting up the emulator configurati...

Page 211: ...w the logical to physical address translations defined by the current MMU registers and translation tables Examples To see the logical to physical mappings using the default range of logical addresses initially 0 through 0ffffffffh choose Display MMU Translations or on the command line enter display mmu_translations To see all of the logical to physical mappings for logical addresses from 0 throug...

Page 212: ...nslations 40f0h To see only the mappings in supervisor space in the address range from 0 through 0ffffh enter the command display mmu_translations fcode super 0 thru 0ffffh To see only the mappings in user space in the address range from 0 through 0ffffh enter the command display mmu_translations fcode user 0 thru 0ffffh Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using The Emulator With MMU Enabled 182 ...

Page 213: ...hen in the dialog box click on MMU Tables and enter the Logical Address whose table details you want to see in the Address box and click ok Using the command line enter the command display mmu_translations tables address Examples To see how logical address 40f0h is mapped through the translation tables to its corresponding physical address choose Display MMU Translations Then in the dialog box cli...

Page 214: ...sponding physical address choose Display MMU Translations Then in the dialog box click on MMU Tables enter 1000h in the Address box click on the pushbutton beside Function Code and select user from the submenu and click ok Using the command line enter display mmu_translations tables fcode user 1000h Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using The Emulator With MMU Enabled 184 ...

Page 215: ...s the table at the point to be shown Note that table level all is also offered If you select all you will see the translation details for your logical address through the tables This is the same as if you had not selected the level table_level option Table A may be accessed at several different base addresses depending on which logical address is to be translated This command ensures you see Table...

Page 216: ...Using the command line enter display mmu_translations tables 1250h level A Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using The Emulator With MMU Enabled 186 ...

Page 217: ... point instructions will be executed on the FPU in hardware instead of generating an F Line exception and allowing the floating point operations to be implemented in software For this scenario the following three points should be taken into consideration Floating point software libraries cannot be tested while the emulator is plugged in Floating point instructions are always executed on chip not b...

Page 218: ...8360 Companion Mode together with a 22 MIPS M68040 master CPU This section shows you how to set up a custom arrangement of action keys on the Graphical User Interface to operate the M68040 M68360 in the Companion Mode use the custom action keys to develop products that use the M68040 M68360 Companion Mode Through the action keys you can perform such actions as viewing registers configuring registe...

Page 219: ... XcHotkey discussion above m68040 actionKeys packing PACK_COLUMN m68040 actionKeys numColumns 2 m68040 actionKeysSub keyDefs Demo telldemoHP 64783DEMO in_browser Disp Src display memory mnemonic Trace trace about display trace Run run Step Source step source Your Key tellkeysHP in_browser Make make in_browser Disp Src Prev display memory mnemonic previous_display Run Xfer til run from transfer_add...

Page 220: ...360register Pick Util utils68360chip Pick Reg 360 display68360reglist Pick Chip 360 select68360chip Reg 360 All display68360registers Mod 360 modify68360register Reg 360 display68360register Run Util Disp Mod 1 0 display68360aftmod Set Chip set68360chip PRBD 360 All display68360prbds Mod Memory modify68360memory PRBD 360 display68360prbd The file ACTION040360 contains the special action keys that ...

Page 221: ...True emul m68040 browse_popup title Browser Window emul m68040 actionKeys packing PACK_COLUMN emul m68040 actionKeys numColumns 5 emul m68040 actionKeysSub keyDefs Demo telldemoHP 64783DEMO in_browser Disp Src display memory mnemonic Trace trace about display trace Run run Step Source step source Your Key tellkeysHP in_browser Make make in_browser Disp Src Prev display memory mnemonic previous_dis...

Page 222: ...s Use the following command export XENVIRONMENT HOME Xdefaults 8 Start your M68040 Graphical User Interface and see your special arrangement of action keys using your normal emul700 command Your interface should have five rows of action keys the last three rows being the M68040 Action Keys that support the M68360 Companion Mode See below Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using M68040 support for the M6...

Page 223: ...p 360 A window will open providing general information to help you get started using the M68360 Companion Mode through the M68040 Action Keys See below Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using M68040 support for the M68360 Companion Mode 193 ...

Page 224: ...0 Action Key Type the desired value in the Define command file parameter dialog box and click OK To obtain a record of the present content of all parameter RAMs and Buffer Descriptors in one browser press the PRBD 360 All Action Key To view the contents of a single Parameter RAM and its associated Buffer Descriptors place the name of the desired channel in the entry buffer and press the PRBD 360 A...

Page 225: ...il Action Key In the browser window highlight load68360registers and click Done Press the Run Util Action Key Type the name of the directory filename that contains the desired register values into the Define command file parameter dialog box and click OK To remove all temporary files that have been created during the development session press the Pick Util Action Key In the browser window highligh...

Page 226: ... can be obtained by placing the name of the register in the entry field and pressing the Help Reg Action Key Help for understanding how action keys work in the Graphical User Interface is available in Chapter 13 Setting X Resources and in the online file named HP64000 lib X11 app defaults HP64_Softkey under the discussion called XcHotkey Action Keys Chapter 4 Using the Emulator Using M68040 suppor...

Page 227: ...5 Using the Emulation Bus Analyzer How to record program execution in real time 197 ...

Page 228: ... You can also specify qualifications for which states get stored and which states can be prestored the analyzer can prestore up to two states before each qualified store state The analyzer has much more capability than is available in the menus You can access this capability by using the command line to make your trace specifications Use of the command line is also covered in this chapter Once a t...

Page 229: ...s the trigger state and fill the remaining space in the trace memory with the states that follow it A trace is said to be complete when the trace memory is filled with captured states and the trigger state resides at its specified point in the trace memory the first state captured in memory by default When a trace measurement is started you can view the progress of the measurement by displaying th...

Page 230: ...ce list buffer depends on whether or not you installed memory modules on the analyzer card and the capacity of the memory modules installed Refer to Chapter 19 Installation and Service for details If you are using the 1K analyzer the trace list buffer is 512 or 1024 states deep depending on whether or not you turn on the state time count See To count states or time in this chapter Example Start th...

Page 231: ...op_trace command to prevent the analyzer from storing additional data You do not have to stop a trace in order to begin viewing a partial trace because the interface supports incremental trace uploading After the trigger condition occurs the interface begins uploading and displaying trace states as they are captured To display the trace list Choose Trace Display Choose Display Trace Using the comm...

Page 232: ...code or Status Base hex hex mnemonic after 00003348 51FC137C TRAPF 0000334A MOVE B 01 001A A1 001 0000334C 0001001A 0001001A sprog long read 002 0007879F 00000001 01 sdata byte write 003 00003350 528551FC ADDQ L 1 D5 00003352 TRAPF 004 00003354 BA866DEA CMP L D6 D5 00003356 BLT B 00003342 005 0007879E 00000100 01 sdata byte write 006 00003358 51FCB254 TRAPF 0000335A CMP W A4 D1 007 0000335C 6E0E13...

Page 233: ...example trace status display the screen shows that the emulation trace has completed an analyzer arm a condition to activate the analyzer was not defined for this measurement the analyzer trigger was captured in memory before the analyzer trace completed 1024 trace states were captured 1023 states plus the trigger state and one analyzer sequence term was needed to satisfy the analyzer trigger M680...

Page 234: ...mber of trace states depends on whether or not you installed memory modules in the analyzer card and the capacity of the memory modules Refer to Chapter 19 Installation and Service for details In the 1K analyzer the maximum number of trace states is 1024 when counting is turned off and 512 otherwise In either analyzer the minimum trace depth is 9 Trace data must be unloaded before it can be displa...

Page 235: ...ce startup You can predefine trace specifications and set the maximum number of entries for the dialog box by setting X resources see Chapter 13 Setting X Resources The trace modify_command command recalls the last trace command The advantage of this command over command recall is that you do not have to move forward and backward over other commands to find the last trace command also the last tra...

Page 236: ...is a reference event in a trace list You select trigger position to see activity leading up to the trigger event or following the trigger event or both Example To trigger a trace measurement after the demo program executes the Init_system procedure place init_system in the entry buffer and choose Trace After or on the command line enter trace after long_aligned init_system The long_aligned option ...

Page 237: ...after trace before or trace about to set the trigger position Normally the analyzer begins to save processor activity whenever the trace is started By selecting trigger position you can specify which portion of processor activity you will view in the trace list The trace after command causes the analyzer to fill its trace memory with processor activity that occurred after the trigger event The tra...

Page 238: ...play trace To define a simple storage qualifier Place your storage qualifier in the entry buffer such as status read and then choose Trace Only Using the command line use the only option in the trace command All captured states are stored by default However you can qualify which states get stored with the only option to the trace command Example When you are running the demo program to store only ...

Page 239: ...e through the Trace Display Options dialog box the trace list popup menu and the command line You can combine most options within a single command on the command line to obtain a desired trace display See the display trace and set command descriptions in Chapter 11 Emulator Commands for more information If you are using the emulator with the MMU enabled you will need to enable and load the deMMUer...

Page 240: ...memory to be unloaded for display or storage in a file Enter a value to be subtracted from addresses and symbol source line references shown in the trace list Enter the desired trace list line number to be placed on screen Click OK to specify the trace options and close the dialog box Click Apply to specify the trace options and leave the dialog box open Click these pushbuttons to select predefine...

Page 241: ...n edit window into the source file that contains the address of the selected line Click to open a display window into memory containing the address of the selected line Note that the format of the memory display will be mnemonic for addresses in the code segment and absolute otherwise Chapter 5 Using the Emulation Bus Analyzer Displaying the Trace List 211 ...

Page 242: ...corresponding to a state in the trace list Disassembly of instruction data means that you will see instructions as they would appear in an assembly language program listing That is instruction mnemonics and operands are shown instead of hexadecimal instruction data The analyzer interface normally disassembles instruction data in the trace list However if you specify absolute data display that mode...

Page 243: ...command line if you need to specify trace disassembly using other options Using the command line enter commands as follows To show only instruction cycles in the trace list enter display trace disassemble_from_line_number LINE instructions_only To show all bus cycles in the trace list enter display trace disassemble_from_line_number LINE all_cycles To start instruction disassembly from the upper w...

Page 244: ...led trace list isn t what you expected try using this option The disassembly options remain in effect until you specify a new disassembly option Examples Show only instruction cycles in the trace list starting at line 40 display trace disassemble_from_line_number 40 instructions_only Show all bus cycles in the trace list display trace disassemble_from_line_number 40 all_cycles Start instruction di...

Page 245: ...s are placed immediately following the corresponding instruction fetch If you choose a non dequeued trace list instruction and operand fetches are shown exactly as captured by the analyzer Once the dequeuer has been started on the correct opcode it will continue to disassemble correctly unless an unusual condition causes it to misinterpret the data By specifying the first instruction state for dis...

Page 246: ...n at the branch address using the align_data_from_line option Examples Dequeue the trace list Choose Trace Display Options and in the dialog box select Dequeue Enable Then click the OK or Apply pushbutton Or using the command line enter display trace dequeue on Display the trace list without dequeueing display trace dequeue off Tell the analyzer which data operand should be aligned with the first ...

Page 247: ...format enter display trace absolute status mnemonic For some measurements it may be more convenient for you to view the trace data without instruction disassembly The Data Format Absolute selection in the Trace Display Options dialog box or the display trace absolute command allows you to do this Notice that once you enter this format selection subsequent trace lists will displayed in this format ...

Page 248: ...ssembly and with status information in mnemonic format make appropriate entries in the Trace Display Options dialog box or enter the following command display trace absolute status mnemonic To display symbols in the trace list Choose Settings Source Symbol Modes Symbols or choose Settings Display Modes and in the dialog box click on Symbolic Addresses In the Field Widths area of the dialog box you...

Page 249: ...ived from the SRU symbol database for that command file See Chapter 4 Using the Emulator for more information on SRU and symbol handling High level symbols are those that are available only from high level languages such as a compiler Low level symbols are those that are available from assembly language modules which may include symbols generated internally by a compiler The Settings Source Symbol...

Page 250: ... to enable and load the deMMUer before you can display source code preceding related trace data in your trace lists Refer to Analyzing Program Execution when the MMU is Enabled later in this chapter to see how to load and use the deMMUer If you developed your target programs in a high level language such as C you can display the source code in the trace list with the corresponding assembly languag...

Page 251: ...e lines in the trace list enter set width source WIDTH To set the column width for the symbols column in the trace list enter set width symbols WIDTH WIDTH is an integer specifying the width of the column in characters WIDTH is restricted to certain values which are shown if you press the WIDTH softkey You can display more information by widening a column or ignore the information by narrowing the...

Page 252: ...te enter display trace count relative The count information in the trace list is always displayed if it is turned on To turn on the trace counting function enter a command beginning with trace counting on the command line Refer to To count states or time later in this manual for details When using the 1K analyzer the trace memory is 512 states deep if counting states or time is turned on and 1024 ...

Page 253: ...eded because the MC68040 fetches opcodes as 32 bit values and update_sys may not be the first part of that value Now start the program run then display the trace run from transfer_address display trace count relative Count absolute entries into the get_targets routine of the demo program trace only address range update_sys thru update_sys end counting state get_targets run from transfer_address di...

Page 254: ...eld the address that is displayed If code gets relocated and therefore makes symbolic information obsolete you can use the Address Offset or offset_by option to change the address information so that it again agrees with the symbolic information You can also specify an offset to cause the listed addresses to match the addresses in compiler or assembler listings Example Trace execution from entry o...

Page 255: ...eft press Ctrl f simultaneously To roll the trace display to the right press Ctrl g simultaneously To roll the display down one line press the down arrow key To roll the display up one line press the up arrow key To move to the previous page in the trace list press the Pg Up or Prev key To move to the next page in the trace list press the Pg Dn or Next key Though the trace display is set to 256 or...

Page 256: ...f you need to move to a particular state quickly you can use this command The command places the specified state in the center of the current trace display Examples Display the trace about line number 20 Choose Trace Display Options and in the dialog box enter 20 in the field beside Move to Line Then click the OK or Apply pushbutton Enter the following command on the command line to display the tr...

Page 257: ...trace list buffer is 512 or 1024 states deep depending on whether or not you turn on the state time count See To count states or time in this chapter When you display the trace list the interface requests the number of states specified by the trace depth from the emulator If you want faster trace display you can decrease the trace depth To display more states you can increase the trace depth Notic...

Page 258: ...line in the entry buffer and choosing Display Memory At in the pulldown menus To open an edit window into the source file associated with a trace list line Using the mouse place the cursor on the line in the trace list whose source file you wish to edit Then press the select mouse button and click on Edit Source in the trace list popup menu A new window will open It will show the source file that ...

Page 259: ...mbols display appropriate portions of source code preceding lists of trace data Refer to Chapter 10 Using Memory Management for detailed information to help you use the deMMUer more efficiently To program the deMMUer in a static memory system 1 Run your program to the point where you are sure the MMU is set up 2 Break to the monitor program by choosing Execution Break Using the command line enter ...

Page 260: ...ce you want to analyze After the breakpoint has executed emulator running in foreground monitor you can load the deMMUer Whether you continue your program or restart it the deMMUer will have the ability to reverse translate the physical addresses according to the MMU setup at the time you issued the load demmuer command The deMMUer will remain loaded even if you reset the emulation processor If yo...

Page 261: ...everse translations appropriate for the deMMUer To load the deMMUer from a deMMUer setup file Choose Settings DeMMUer Load from File and enter the name of the deMMUer file in the File Selection dialog box Choose File Load DeMMUer and enter the name of the deMMUer file in the File Selection dialog box Using the command line enter load demmuer file Files that store setup information for the deMMUer ...

Page 262: ...e Settings Demmuer Enable command in the Graphical User Interface is a switch that enables and disables the deMMUer Now the analyzer will get its address information directly from the emulation address bus This information is useful when you want to see behavior of your operating system Chapter 5 Using the Emulation Bus Analyzer Analyzing Program Execution When The MMU Is Enabled 232 ...

Page 263: ... the most out of the HP 64700 analyzer by using trigger and sequence specifications It also describes additional measurement tools to help you get more information from the trace Many of the options in this section can be combined one or more times See the trace syntax in Chapter 11 Emulator Commands for more information Expressions are an important part of trace specifications because they specif...

Page 264: ...nction Operators Analysis specification expressions may contain operators All operations are carried out on 32 bit two s complement integers Values which are not 32 bits will be sign extended when expression evaluation occurs The available operators are listed below in the order of evaluation precedence Parentheses are also allowed in expressions to change the order of evaluation Unary two s compl...

Page 265: ... other processor signals or synthesized signals and are collectively called the status lines You can use status values as trigger or storage qualifiers For example you may want to capture processor reads to a certain address but not processor writes You can use a status value to qualify only processor read cycles to the memory location A number of status values have already been defined for you Th...

Page 266: ...xy Direct memory access i_tblwk 0xxxxxxxxx1x100xy Instruction translation tables access line 0xxxxxx11xxxxxxxxy Line transfer request SIZ1 SIZ0 11 logical 0xx0xxxxxxxxxxxxxy Logical memory address long 0xxxxxx00xxxxxxxxy Longword transfer request SIZ1 SIZ0 00 physical 0xx1xxxxxxxxxxxxxy Physical memory address prog 0xxxxxxxxx1xx10xy Program space access read 0xxxxxxxxxxx1xxxxy Read cycle retry 0xx...

Page 267: ...er prog attributes UPA 1 0 10 upa3 0xx11xxxxxxxxxxy User prog attributes UPA 1 0 11 user 0xxxxxxxxx1x0xxxy User space userdata 0xxxxxxxxx1x001xy User data space userprog 0xxxxxxxxx1x010xy User program space word 0xxxxxx10xxxxxxxxy Word transfer request SIZ1 SIZ0 10 write 0xxxxxxxxxxx0xxxxy Write cycle Chapter 5 Using the Emulation Bus Analyzer Making Complex Trace Measurements 237 ...

Page 268: ...quire that you enter address data and status expressions to specify the bus state You can combine multiple expressions on the same command line to build a complete bus state qualifier You can also use logical operators to build more complex states Refer to Chapter 11 Emulator Commands for details The default expression type is address therefore you don t need to specify the address keyword when yo...

Page 269: ... a data block such as a lookup table But you can also use data ranges to qualify a trigger or storage on a range of data values There is only one range term available in the trace specification Once it has been used it cannot be reused That is if you specify a range in a trigger specification you can t duplicate it in the storage specification The Terminal Interface does allow this type of measure...

Page 270: ...g trace find_sequence bus_state occurs times then bus_state occurs times trigger bus_state bus_state represents a combination of address data and status expressions that must be matched to satisfy the trigger or sequence qualifier times is the number of times that bus state must occur to satisfy the qualifier The trace sequencer allows you to specify up to seven sequence terms including the trigge...

Page 271: ...he selected bus state must occur to satisfy the qualifier The restart qualifier allows you to restart the trace sequence whenever a certain instruction or data access occurs For example you might have a complicated trace sequence that searches for an intermittent failure condition You could set the restart term to restart the sequence whenever a bus cycle occurred that ensures that the code segmen...

Page 272: ...le bus_state disable bus_state bus_state represents a combination of address data and status expressions that must be matched to satisfy the windowing qualifier The trace window specification makes it easy to trace only the occurrences of a particular routine This is especially useful in high level languages where storing only the accesses to a particular address range may miss several function ca...

Page 273: ...imes is the number of times that bus state must occur to satisfy the qualifier You can use the sequencing and windowing specifications together to make specification of complex qualifiers easier If you use the windowing specification the sequence specification is limited to four sequence terms Also note that when you use a windowing specification you cannot use a restart term with your sequence sp...

Page 274: ...unting in the trace enter trace counting off You can use the analyzer s state time counter to count time or bus states If using the deep analyzer counting imposes no restrictions on memory depth If using the 1K analyzer use of the counter restricts the trace memory to a maximum depth of 512 states If you disable the counter in the 1K analyzer using the trace counting off command maximum trace dept...

Page 275: ... command line store only certain states in the trace list by entering trace only bus_state bus_state represents a combination of address data and status expressions that must be matched to satisfy the storage qualifier Storage qualifiers can help filter unwanted information from program execution and improve your trace measurement The analyzer stores only the information specified in the storage q...

Page 276: ... address data and status expressions that must be matched to satisfy the prestore qualifier Disable prestore qualification by entering trace prestore anything You use the prestore qualifier to save states that are related to other routines that you re tracing For example you might be tracing a subprogram and want to see which program called it You can specify calls be prestored and that entries to...

Page 277: ...nd line trace on a program halt by entering trace on_halt The above commands cause the analyzer to continuously fill the trace buffer until you issue a Trace Stop or stop_trace command Sometimes you may have a program failure that can t be attributed to a specific trigger condition For example the emulator may access guarded memory and break to the monitor You want to trace the events leading up t...

Page 278: ...or want to change the measurement results slightly it s often easier to recall the previous trace command and edit it than it is to enter a new trace command The Trace Specification Selection dialog box lets you recall edit and enter trace commands that have been executed during the emulation session or trace commands that have been predefined Predefine entries for the Trace Specification Selectio...

Page 279: ... repeat a measurement with the same trace specification It saves you the trouble of reentering the complete trace command specification The repetitively choice continually repeats the last trace command Successive traces begin as soon as the results from the just completed trace are displayed Also this command is useful when you load a trace specification from a file See To load a trace specificat...

Page 280: ...e emulator to break to its monitor program shortly before the trace memory is filled This use of trig1 is not supported in workstation interface commands Therefore terminal interface commands accessible through the pod command feature must be used Enter the following commands Settings Pod Command Keyboard tgout trig1 c states before end of memory trigger output trig1 before trace complete bc e tri...

Page 281: ...ace with the command Trace Again 5 Start your program running using Execution Run from from Transfer Address or from Reset as appropriate The Trace Again or trace again command starts the analyzer trace with the most recent trace specifications including the pod_command specifications you entered The trace command cannot be used by itself because it defaults the bc e trig1 trng addr and tsto r spe...

Page 282: ...data is complete before you try to store it Without wait you will get an ERROR message warning that the unload is still in process The filename is an ASCII filename for a binary file that can be viewed using the load trace command 8 Start a new trace with the command trace again 9 Resume the program run from the point where it was interrupted when the emulator broke to the monitor with the command...

Page 283: ...monitor cycles in step 3 above the last few trace lines in each file may contain monitor cycles Chapter 5 Using the Emulation Bus Analyzer Making Complex Trace Measurements 253 ...

Page 284: ... Spec In the dialog box select an existing filename or specify a new filename to contain the present trace specification Then click OK Using the command line store the current trace specification by entering store trace_spec filename filename is any UNIX file name including paths The extension TS is automatically added to the file name The trace specification file is a binary file The store trace_...

Page 285: ...ile name including paths The trace data file is a binary file The extension TR is automatically added to the file name A trace data file can be reloaded into the interface and displayed like any other trace listing You can store the trace data resulting from a measurement This can be useful if you want to compare the results of later measurements with a reference result obtained in an earlier meas...

Page 286: ...ny UNIX file name including paths The extension TS is assumed Once you save a trace specification in a file using the File Store Trace Spec or store trace_spec command you can load it using the appropriate command above To start a trace with the trace specification that you loaded use the Trace Again or trace again command Example Load a trace specification from a file and start the trace load tra...

Page 287: ... display trace command Remember that a new trace measurement will overwrite this trace data but not the file from which it was loaded The interface will try to display the trace listing in the display format active when the trace data was stored If the interface needs symbols to replace absolute addresses or to find high level source lines and symbols are not loaded an error occurs For example sup...

Page 288: ...reading the present content of the MMU registers and the MMU tables To load a DeMMUer setup file Choose File Load DeMMUer In the dialog box click the name of the file you want to load placing it in the Load Demmuer File box Then click OK Using the command line load a deMMUer setup file by entering load demmuer filename filename is any UNIX file name including paths that was created by an appropria...

Page 289: ...rite to a data array when program branches are taken After running the program in the emulator using test input you can store the BBA information to a file Then you can generate reports based on the stored information This section shows you how to Store BBA data to a file Refer to the HP Branch Validator BBA User s Guide for complete details on the BBA product and how it works To store BBA data to...

Page 290: ...260 ...

Page 291: ...6 Making Coordinated Measurements Using the Coordinated Measurement Bus to start and stop multiple emulators and analyzers 261 ...

Page 292: ... emulators at the same time You can use the analyzer in one HP 64700 to arm that is activate the analyzers in other HP 64700 Card Cages or to cause emulator execution in other HP 64700 Card Cages to break into the monitor You can use the HP 64700 s BNC connector labeled TRIGGER IN OUT on the lower left corner of the HP 64700 rear panel to trigger an external instrument for example a logic analyzer...

Page 293: ...is an open collector circuit and performs an ANDing of the ready state of enabled emulators on the CMB Each emulator on the CMB releases this line when it is ready to run This line goes true when all enabled emulators are ready to run providing for a synchronized start When CMB is enabled each emulator is required to break to background when CMB READY goes false and will wait for CMB READY to go t...

Page 294: ...ines have the same logical purpose to provide a means for connecting the internal trigger signals trig1 and trig2 to external instruments The CMB and BNC trigger lines are bidirectional Either signal may be used directly as a break condition The CMB trigger is level sensitive while the BNC trigger is edge sensitive The CMB trigger line puts out a true pulse following receipt of EXECUTE despite the...

Page 295: ...RS 232C signals to the CMB connector is likely to result in damage to the HP 64700 Card Cage To use the CMB you will need one CMB cable for the first two emulators and one additional cable for every emulator after the first two The CMB cable is orderable from HP under product number HP 64023A The cable is four meters long You can build your own compatible CMB cables using standard 9 pin D type sub...

Page 296: ...1 Connect the cables to the HP 64700 CMB ports Chapter 6 Making Coordinated Measurements Setting Up for Coordinated Measurements 266 ...

Page 297: ...rs using the CMB must use background emulation monitors At least 3 4 of the HP 64700 Series emulators connected to the CMB must be powered up before proper operation of the entire CMB configuration can be assured To connect to the rear panel BNC CAUTION The BNC line on the HP 64700 accepts input and output of TTL levels only TTL levels must not be less than 0 volts or greater than 5 volts Failure ...

Page 298: ...ires a driver that can supply at least 4 mA at 2 volts when used as a receiver The BNC connector is configured as an open emitter structure which allows for multiple drivers to be connected It can be used for cross triggering between multiple HP 64700Bs when no other cross measurements are needed The output of the BNC connector is short circuit protected and is protected from TTL level signals whe...

Page 299: ... address specified in the specify run command Note that when the CMB is being actively controlled by another emulator the step command does not work correctly The emulator may end up running in user code NOT stepping Disable CMB interaction while stepping the processor See To disable synchronous measurements following Note that enabling CMB interaction does not affect the operation of analyzer cro...

Page 300: ...ment You do not have to enable CMB interaction to use the cmb_execute command because by enabling CMB interaction you are only specifying how the emulator will react to the CMB EXECUTE signal All emulators whose CMB interaction is enabled will break into the monitor when any one of the emulators participating in the synchronous measurement breaks to its monitor To disable synchronous measurements ...

Page 301: ...ng Interactive Measurement Specification or by entering the modify configuration command in the softkey interface and then answering yes to the Modify interactive measurement specification question In the softkey interface the following display appears This display illustrates the possible connections between the internal lines trig1 and trig2 and the emulator analyzer and external devices Interac...

Page 302: ...ctor or BNC connector so that the analyzer can be armed that is enabled when a trigger signal is received from the CMB or BNC connector You can use the trig1 and trig2 lines to make several types of connections at the same time For example when the analyzer finds its trigger condition a signal is driven on the trig1 line This signal may be used to stop user program execution but the trigger signal...

Page 303: ...g1 question Using the command line enter modify configuration 1 Answer yes to the Modify interactive measurement specification question 2 Answer receive to the Should CMBT drive or receive Trig1 question You could also drive the emulation bus analyzer trigger to the CMB over the trig2 internal line by specifying that the CMBT should receive trig2 and that the emulation bus analyzer should drive tr...

Page 304: ...n Trig1 question Using the command line enter modify configuration 1 Answer yes to the Modify interactive measurement specification question 2 Answer receive to the Should BNC drive or receive Trig1 question You could also drive the emulation bus analyzer trigger to the BNC over the trig2 internal line by specifying that the BNC should receive trig2 and that the emulation bus analyzer should drive...

Page 305: ...teractive measurement specification question 2 Answer drive to the Should CMBT drive or receive Trig1 question The trig1 signal is always supplied to the emulator By entering the command trace break_on_trigger emulation will break to the monitor when the CMB signal occurs You could also break emulator execution on a trigger signal from the CMB over the trig2 internal line by specifying that the CM...

Page 306: ...teractive measurement specification question 2 Answer drive to the Should BNC drive or receive Trig1 question The trig1 signal is always supplied to the emulator By entering the command trace break_on_trigger emulation will break to the monitor when the BNC signal occurs You could also break emulator execution on a trigger signal from the BNC over the trig2 internal line by specifying that the BNC...

Page 307: ...eive Trig2 question 4 Use the arm_trig2 option to the trace command To arm the emulation bus analyzer on signal from BNC Using the command line enter modify configuration 1 Answer yes to the Modify interactive measurement specification question 2 Answer drive to the Should BNC drive or receive Trig2 question 3 Answer receive to the Should Analyzer drive or receive Trig2 question 4 Use the arm_trig...

Page 308: ...er 1 Enable the CMB on each emulator 2 Reset each emulator 3 Set the run address for the first emulator 4 Set the run address for the second emulator 5 Start program execution on both emulators The procedure for starting a simultaneous trace on two emulators is similar For each emulator you should set up the trigger specification before enabling the CMB Then start the analysis trace to enable trac...

Page 309: ...ator to drive the CMB trigger 4 Set up the second emulator to receive the CMB trigger 5 Start a trace on each emulation bus analyzer 6 Start a run on each emulator In the above steps you set one emulation bus analyzer to drive the CMB trigger and set another to trigger on receipt of a CMB trigger You can use the same concepts to trigger external instruments using the BNC connector on the rear pane...

Page 310: ...bilities allow you to specify breakpoints You can use the trigger specification to specify complex sequences of address data and status then break the program to the monitor when the sequence is found This is useful when you want to examine memory locations and registers after the trigger condition occurs but before further program execution You can use a similar process to break to monitor when a...

Page 311: ...7 Making Software Performance Measurements How to make software performance measurements on your programs 281 ...

Page 312: ...ware Performance Analyzer SPA for more capability For more capability in making measurements of the performance of your software you can order the Software Performance Analyzer SPA SPA helps designers understand the execution of software modules in an absolute file SPA provides answers to questions such as Why does it take so long to execute a program Which modules are taking extra long time to ex...

Page 313: ... those instructions such as reads writes and stack pushes For example suppose an address range being measured for activity contains an opcode that causes a stack push which results in multiple write operations to the stack area outside the range The memory activity measurement will count only the stack push opcode cycle However the program activity measurement will count the stack push opcode cycl...

Page 314: ...rcent Rel 28 09 Abs 28 09 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 18 Abs 0 18 Mean 0 90 Sdv 0 88 Time Percent Rel 0 16 Abs 0 16 stack Address Range 40000H thru 43FFFH Memory Activity State Percent Rel 11 72 Abs 11 72 Mean 60 00 Sdv 29 24 Time Percent Rel 10 94 Abs 10 94 Program Activity State Percent Rel 0 00 Abs 0 00 Mean 0 00 Sdv 0 00 Time Percent Rel 0 00 Abs 0 00 Graph of Memory Activity relative...

Page 315: ...ount 5120 Mean sample 170 67 Mean Standard Dv 29 30 95 Confidence 12 28 Error tolerance Time count Relative Time Us 2221 20 Program Activity State count Relative count 5120 Mean sample 170 67 Mean Standard Dv 0 58 95 Confidence 0 24 Error tolerance Time count Relative Time Us 2221 20 Absolute Totals Absolute count state 5120 Absolute count time Us 2221 20 Memory and Program Activity Cont d Chapter...

Page 316: ...measurements When using the SPMT to perform duration measurements there should be only two addresses stored in the trace memory the entry address and the exit address Prefetches or recursion can place several entry addresses before the first exit address and or several exit addresses before the first entry address Duration measurements are made between the last entry address in a series of entry a...

Page 317: ...t other than the defined exit point the entry point will be ignored It will be judged the same as any other unused prefetch and no time duration measurement will be made Its time will be included in the measure of time spent outside the procedure or function If a module is exited from the normal point and then reentered from some other point the exit will also be assumed to be an unused prefetch o...

Page 318: ...ation measurements To make activity measurements which measures activity as a percentage of all activity the current trace command should be the default enter trace counting time The default trace command triggers on any state and all captured states are stored Also since states are stored after the trigger state the maximum number of captured states appears in each trace list You can use trace co...

Page 319: ...display Step 2 Initialize the performance measurement After you set up the trace command you must tell the SPMT the address ranges on which you wish to make activity measurements or the time ranges to be used in the duration measurement This is done by initializing the performance measurement which can be accomplished in various ways To use the default configuration enter the following command wit...

Page 320: ...dure name the range of that procedure will be used users_label2 program_symbol1 program_symbol2 means through The above will define a range which starts with symbol1 and goes through symbol2 If both symbols are procedures then the range will be defined as the start of symbol1 through the end of symbol2 dir1 dir2 source_file s local_symbol The above defines a range based on the address of local_sym...

Page 321: ... symbols enter performance_measurement_initialize or performance_measurement_initialize global_symbols Global symbols in the symbols database becomes the address ranges for which activity is measured If the symbols database is not loaded a default set of ranges that cover the entire processor address range will be used The global symbols database contains procedure symbols which are associated wit...

Page 322: ...surement_initialize local_symbols_in spmt_demo C math_library performance_measurement_initialize local_symbols_in math_library To restore the current measurement enter performance_measurement_initialize restore This allows you to restore old performance measurement data from the perf out file in the current directory If you have not exited and reentered emulation you can add traces to a measuremen...

Page 323: ...directory The perf32 report generator utility is used to read the binary information in the perf out file To process the current trace data enter performance_measurement_run To execute the current trace command consecutively a certain number of times enter performance_measurement_run COUNT The data that results from each trace command is processed and combined with the existing processed data The ...

Page 324: ...t_end command does not affect the current performance measurement data which exists within the emulation system In other words you can add more traces later to the existing performance measurement by entering another performance_measurement_run command Once you have entered the performance_measurement_end command you can use the perf32 report generator to look at the data saved in the perf out fil...

Page 325: ... information is generated when the perf32 command is used without any options The options available with perf32 allow you to limit the information in the generated report These options are h Produce outputs limited to histograms s Produce a summary limited to the statistical data p Produce a summary limited to the program activity m Produce a summary limited to the memory activity f file Produce a...

Page 326: ...cution in the address range Program activity includes opcode fetches and the cycles that result from the execution of those instructions like reads and writes to memory and stack pushes Relative A count or time value associated with activity in address ranges in the performance measurement Absolute A count or time value associated with all trace state activity not just activity in the address rang...

Page 327: ...her symbols under either Symbols within range or Additional symbols for address as applicable In the math_library example it may show either math_library or _math_library to represent the range depending on which symbol it finds first The other symbol will be shown below Symbols within range in the report These conditions appear particularly in default measurements that include all global and loca...

Page 328: ...formation has an error of 5 or less The Student s T distribution is used in these calculations because it improves the accuracy for small samples As the size of the sample increases the Student s T distribution approaches the normal distribution The following equation is used to calculate error tolerance Where Om Mean of the standard deviations t Table entry in Student s T table for a given confid...

Page 329: ...rection Maximum time The greatest amount of time between the from address to the to address Minimum time The shortest amount of time between the from address to the to address Average time Average time between the from address and the to address The following equation is used to calculate the average time Standard deviation Deviation from the mean of time The following equation is used to calculat...

Page 330: ... of 5 or less The Student s T distribution is used in these calculations because it improves the accuracy for small samples As the size of the sample increases the Student s T distribution approaches the normal distribution The following equation is used to calculate error tolerance Where Om Mean of the standard deviations in each time range t Table entry in Student s T table for a given confidenc...

Page 331: ...8 Configuring the Emulator 301 ...

Page 332: ...ng sections Using the configuration interface Setting up the emulation monitor Mapping memory Modifying the general configuration items Selecting analyzer trace options Configuring simulated I O Specifying connections for interactive measurements The simulated I O feature and configuration questions are described in the Simulated I O User s Guide The interactive measurement configuration options a...

Page 333: ...ntext Access help topics Access context sensitive f1 help Exit the configuration interface This section describes the emulator configuration in general The remaining sections in this chapter describe the specific configuration options for your emulator When you have developed an emulation configuration saved it to a file and closed the configuration interface you can use the File Load Emulator Con...

Page 334: ...presented depend on the hardware and the features of your particular emulator The configuration interface may be left running while you are using the emulator analyzer interface If you re using the Softkey Interface from a terminal or terminal emulation window you don t get a dialog box from which to choose configuration sections however you have access to the same configuration options through a ...

Page 335: ...ar Clicking on one of these lines selects the associated configuration section Clicking this pushbutton loads any configuration changes into the emulator This portion of the dialog box displays configuration status information Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Using the Configuration Interface 305 ...

Page 336: ...nswer yes to the Modify memory configuration question To access the questions in the General Items section answer yes to the Modify emulator pod configuration question To access the questions in the Trace Options section answer yes to the Modify debug trace options question To access the questions in the Simulated IO section answer yes to the Modify simulated I O configuration question To access t...

Page 337: ...as been opened Applies configuration changes to the emulator Configuration options in this section Presents emulator configuration help topic browser Cancels all changes since the last OK Apply to Emulator or store to file Closes the dialog box Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Using the Configuration Interface 307 ...

Page 338: ...ges To do that choose the File Store pulldown in the top level interface window described later If you exit the configuration interface with configuration changes that have not been stored you will be asked whether you want to store the changes exit without storing or cancel the exit To store configuration changes to a file Choose File Store from the pulldown menu in the top level configuration in...

Page 339: ... Special Features of the Graphical User Interface sections in Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface To change the configuration directory context Choose File Directory from the pulldown menu in the top level configuration interface window and use the directory selection dialog box to specify the new directory The directory context specifies the directory to which configuration files are ...

Page 340: ...ent configuration files are displayed in a window Click the Done pushbutton when you wish to close the window To access help topics Choose Help General Topic from the pulldown menu in the top level configuration interface window click on a topic in the selection dialog box and click the OK pushbutton Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Using the Configuration Interface 310 ...

Page 341: ...these two selections differs on different platforms In some dialog boxes the question mark obtained by the Help On Item pulldown may not obtain a help screen when you place it on a command name but the help screen may be obtained when you place the question mark over an input field or pushbutton associated with the command name To exit the configuration interface Choose File Exit from the pulldown...

Page 342: ... dialog box to specify the configuration file to be loaded Using the command line enter the load configuration FILE command This command loads previously created and stored configuration files You cannot load a configuration while the configuration interface is running Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Using the Configuration Interface 312 ...

Page 343: ...t the monitor type Select the monitor filename Select the monitor address Select the monitor interrupt priority level Select whether or not the emulator will terminate monitor bus cycles without regard to the state of the target system Select whether or not there will be a keep alive function and if there will be a keep alive function select its address and function code if desired Chapter 8 Confi...

Page 344: ...reground customized specifies that a custom foreground monitor will be used With this selection you will need to specify the Monitor Filename in this dialog box Choosing None specifies that no monitor will be used This option is useful when you are first connecting the emulator to a target system refer to Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Sometimes the task of connecting an emu...

Page 345: ...ur target programs The location for the monitor source file is usr hp64000 monitor fm64783 s The file format for the monitor MUST be HP64000 absolute format file X If using the HP 68030 68040 assembler linker B1465 use the h option If using Microtec Research Inc assembler linkers use the h option For other language systems use the HP 64000 Hosted Development System Absolute File Translator program...

Page 346: ... dual port emulation memory It resets the memory map and creates a map term at the address you enter in this dialog box You cannot delete or alter this map term by using the map configuration commands Instead you must change the monitor configuration using this Monitor Setup dialog box If the memory management feature of the MC68040 emulator is enabled be sure the foreground monitor is mapped in a...

Page 347: ...itor The emulator uses a level 7 non maskable interrupt to interrupt the target system and break into the monitor When the foreground monitor is not executing critical code such as monitor entry and exit the foreground monitor will set the interrupt priority mask to the value you enter beside Interrupt Priority Level or to the interrupt level that was in effect before monitor entry whichever is gr...

Page 348: ...ycles will be terminated when the target system TA or TEA or both signals are asserted This configuration item only applies to the map term assigned to the foreground emulation monitor If you choose No and the emulation monitor is in an address range where the target system does not return TA or TEA the emulator will stop If this happens reset the emulation processor and then choose Yes for this c...

Page 349: ...ion option This determines whether the supervisor function code or the user function code will be used when the emulator reads the keep alive address Type in the keep alive address in the text entry area beside Keep Alive Address This address in target memory will be read periodically during background monitor execution The read accesses to the target memory address can be used to avoid a timeout ...

Page 350: ...on 256 byte boundaries numbers ending in 00h and must end on 256 byte boundaries numbers ending in FFh Emulation memory is made available to the mapper in 256 byte blocks When you map an address range to emulation memory at least one 256 byte block is assigned to the range When a block of emulation memory is assigned to a range it is no longer available even though part of the block may be unused ...

Page 351: ...whether or not read data will be inhibited from being loaded into the caches during transactions in the associated memory range Map memory ranges in which the emulator will terminate bus cycles without regard to the state of the target system Map memory ranges to be stored within the dual port memory Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Mapping Memory 321 ...

Page 352: ... will be changed by processor writes even if that memory has been characterized as ROM You can include the transfer cache inhibit attribute with any memory range If included no data will be loaded into either the instruction cache or data cache during any transactions occuring in the associated memory range This ensures that all activity will appear on the emulation bus and be available for tracin...

Page 353: ...value The end address is changed by the same amount moving the block of memory Change only the end address thereby changing the size of the block of memory Multiply or divide the increment value by 2 Inactive in the Add mode of map entry Closes the dialog box Specify if read data is inhibited from being loaded into the caches in this range Specify if the emulator terminates bus cysles in this rang...

Page 354: ...efault Example 2 This second example shows the relationship between memory ranges and the block sizes of memory Suppose you have installed 256 Kbyte SRAM memory modules in Memory slots 0 and 1 called BANK 0 and BANK 1 on the emulation probe This makes four 64 Kbyte blocks and two 128 Kbyte blocks available to the memory mapper Then you enter the following map commands Start Address 0h End Address ...

Page 355: ... block allocation In the above example if you had default guarded and your program accessed 8000h the emulator would do a guarded memory break To modify memory map entries Choose Map Modify Entry from the pulldown menu in the memory map window and select the entry number from the cascade menu Position the mouse pointer over the entry you wish to modify Press and hold the select mouse button and ch...

Page 356: ...hlighted memory map entry Use the Modify Map Entry dialog box same as the Add New Map Entry dialog box to modify the entry Click the Modify pushbutton to modify the selected range in the memory map according to changes you make in the Modify Map Entry dialog box Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Mapping Memory 326 ...

Page 357: ...Map Default Memory Type from the pulldown menu in the memory map window and select the memory type from the cascade menu If you choose Target RAM or Target ROM you must also choose Transfer Cache Inhibit OFF or Transfer Cache Inhibit ON If you choose Transfer Cache Inhibit OFF transactions that are sent to unmapped memory may also be loaded into the instruction cache data cache or both caches If y...

Page 358: ...ompleted in the fastest and most efficient manner Use of processor caches increases the processor speed of execution To map memory in which the emulator will terminate bus cycles Choose Yes or No for the Emulator Terminates Bus Cycles configuration option in the Modify Map Entry or Add New Entry dialog box Choosing Yes causes the emulator to terminate bus cycles without regard to the state of the ...

Page 359: ... specification on the command line There is one 4 Kbyte block of dual port emulation memory on the emulator probe Dual port means the emulation controller can access memory locations without interfering with program execution If you use a foreground monitor the monitor will be loaded into this space and you won t be able to map this memory for any other purpose If you specify an address range less...

Page 360: ...s you how to Configure items that affect operation of the emulation processor such as Enable disable target system interrupts Enable disable the instruction and data caches Enable disable the memory management unit MMU Configure items that affect operation of the emulator such as Specify whether or not the bus clock speed is greater than 25 MHz Restrict the emulator to real time runs Chapter 8 Con...

Page 361: ...ther your target system interrupt logic works correctly after the interrupt service routines have been designed and the interrupt vectors have been assigned Choosing No causes all target system interrupts to be ignored by the emulation processor You may want to disable target system interrupts if your target system interrupt logic doesn t work correctly or isn t finished Target system interrupts a...

Page 362: ...n you allow the caches to be enabled program execution is faster but only partial information is available to be traced by the emulation bus analyzer This may cause confusing trace displays or failure to trigger especially if the code being analyzed is a small loop where all the instructions and operands fit into cache and registers When you are more concerned about measuring processor performance...

Page 363: ...gical virtual memory while running it from a much smaller space in physical memory When you operate the emulation processor with the MMU enabled you must ensure that the foreground monitor is contained in memory space that is not write protected is mapped 1 1 logical address physical address The reason that this mapping is important is that the MMU may be enabled or disabled at any time during pro...

Page 364: ...en operating above 25 MHz the target system is responsible for adding a wait state to its accesses The emulator will not attempt to add a wait state to target accessses other than to ignore cycle terminations until a wait state has passed The target system is responsible for making sure cycle terminations and data are valid after the wait state The 4 Mbyte memory modules are not as fast as the 256...

Page 365: ...isplaying processor registers When the emulation processor executes a monitor routine it is not executing your target program This may cause problems in target systems that need real time program execution uninterrupted execution of the target program When you choose Yes for this configuration item you must do an execution break in order to display registers or display target memory and you will n...

Page 366: ...am attempts to write to a memory region mapped as ROM The emulator will modify the content of RAM memory that is mapped as ROM even when write to ROM break is enabled Choosing No disables breaks on writes to ROM The emulator will continue to execute the target program even when it detects an attempt to write to an address mapped as ROM Emulation writes will modify the content of RAM memory that ha...

Page 367: ...when accessing an address not on a long word boundary or when only one byte or one word remains to be accessed In these cases the appropriate memory access mode Bytes or Words will be used If you choose the Bytes access mode and a target system location is modified to contain the value 12345678H byte instructions will be used to write the byte values 12H 34H 56H and 78H to target system memory If ...

Page 368: ...l address for the ISP before using the emulator Normally if you run the emulator from reset the processor fetches the value at offset 0 from the vector table and loads it into the interrupt stack pointer There are cases where the interrupt stack pointer cannot be fetched from the reset vector table For example if you reset the emulator break to the emulation monitor and then run the emulator from ...

Page 369: ...cimal address for the program counter before using the emulator Normally if you run the emulator from reset the processor fetches the value at offset 4 from the vector table and loads it into the program counter There are cases where the program counter value cannot be fetched from the reset vector table For example if you reset the emulator break to the emulation monitor and then run the emulator...

Page 370: ...ress space background address space tracing execution of the background monitor or both address spaces This lets you select whether to include background monitor execution in analyzer traces when using the background monitor Identify the data rate of your emulation system for the emulation bus analyzer The capabilites of the 1K analyzer differ with different data rates The full capabilites of the ...

Page 371: ... processor cycles to be viewed in the trace display when you are using a background monitor To identify the data rate of your emulation system for the 1K analyzer If you are using the deep analyzer with your emulator you can ignore this choice The deep analyzer will provide its full capabilities regardless of the choice made here If you are using the 1K analyzer choose Slow Fast or Very Fast for t...

Page 372: ...rectly count states or time at higher speeds for certain bus cycle types The worst case situation is one where a zero wait state burst cycle is performed The analyzer clock rate for burst cycles is given by the equation Analyzer Clock Rate Processor Clock Rate BCLK 1 number of wait states To determine the correct selection calculate the maximum data rate by using the above equation Remember that t...

Page 373: ...rt the top level configuration interface and select the Simulated IO pushbutton in the dialog box The Simulated IO dialog box will appear on screen Refer to the Simulated I O User s Guide for details on configuring and using simulated I O Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator Modifying the Simulated IO Configuration Items 343 ...

Page 374: ...e rear panel BNC is connected to the Trig1 or Trig2 or both signals of the emulation bus analyzer Select whether or not the coordinated measurement bus connection on the card cage rear panel is connected to the Trig1 or Trig2 or both signals of the emulation bus analyzer Select whether or not the emulator will allow a signal on Trig2 to initiate an emulation break Select whether or not the emulati...

Page 375: ...the emulation bus analyzer Choosing Receive specifies that the Trig1 or Trig2 or both signals from the emulation bus analyzer will be available to be received by any connection to the BNC Choosing Neither specifies that the BNC is isolated from the Trig1 or Trig2 or both lines of the emulation bus analyzer Choosing Both specifies that the BNC can both Drive and Receive the Trig1 or Trig2 or both s...

Page 376: ...e emulation bus analyzer will be available to be received by any connection to the coordinated measurement bus Choosing Neither specifies that the coordinated measurement bus is isolated from the Trig1 or Trig2 or both lines of the emulation bus analyzer Choosing Both specifies that the coordinated measurement bus can both Drive and Receive the Trig1 or Trig2 or both signals of the emulation bus a...

Page 377: ...r in response to any trigger signal on Trig2 Use this selection if you intend to cause an emulation break in response to an event found by a device connected to the card cage rear panel BNC The emulator always receives Trig1 from the emulation bus analyzer Trig1 can be used to cause a break from execution of the target program to the monitor when the emulation bus analyzer detects a trigger condit...

Page 378: ...s that the emulation bus analyzer will receive the signal on the Trig2 line of the coordinated measurement bus when it is supplied and it will mark the state that it is capturing as the trigger state at the instant when the Trig2 signal is detected Choosing Neither specifies that the emulation bus analyzer will ignore the Trig2 line of the coordinated measurement bus Refer to Chapter 16 Specificat...

Page 379: ...ss to physical address 0ffff1000h logical address 0ffff1004h to physical address 0ffff1004h etc Do not write protect the address range occupied by the foreground monitor There are two ways to provide the proper address translation for the memory space occupied by the foreground monitor Locate the foreground monitor in a block of memory that is transparently translated via ITTx and DTTx transparent...

Page 380: ...r The access fault would occur because addresses in the 02000000 range would have no valid translations they would be on a non resident page If you cannot modify your boot code you may be able to use an execution breakpoint to break into the monitor before the MMU is enabled and use the monitor to configure the TTRs Do this only as a last resort because the MC68040 processor automatically disables...

Page 381: ... create unused space is to globally define an 8 Kbyte array of data that is never referenced by your software After rebuilding your operating system software refer to the linker symbol map file to determine the address range of this array Use the lowest address that resides on a 4 Kbyte boundary within this range as the starting address for the monitor As a last resort if your target system softwa...

Page 382: ...352 ...

Page 383: ...9 Solving Problems What to do when the emulator doesn t behave as expected 353 ...

Page 384: ...how to display the event log Look at the present status of the emulator analyzer to see if it will suggest the cause of your problems Refer to Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface for details of how to display emulator analyzer status If the emulator appears to be malfunctioning Check to make sure that the cables connecting the Emulation Control Board to the Emulation Probe are connecte...

Page 385: ...an address ending in 0 4 8 or C hex The MC68040 fetches instructions on long word addresses Other instruction addresses never appear on the processor bus and therefore are never seen by the analyzer Modify the trigger address so that the two least significant binary digits of your trigger address are zeroes For example to trigger a trace on address 2316H specify your trigger to occur on address 23...

Page 386: ...bly appears to be partially incorrect Check to see if the analyzer began disassembly of the trace on a long word boundary but the instruction started on the low word within the long word This will make disassembly incorrect You can start disassembly on the low word within the long word by use of display trace disassemble_from_line_number trace list line number low_word If the trace list seems corr...

Page 387: ...ing display trace dequeueing on Try using the disassemble_from_line_number LINE low_word option to the display trace command to begin disassembly from the low word of the starting state instead of the high word Check to see if instruction or operand accesses in the range covered by the trace could be filled from cache memory If so these cycles won t appear in the trace list which will confuse the ...

Page 388: ...ify configuration command to access this configuration question Reenable the cache to improve performance when you re finished using the analyzer The analyzer can be configured to trace background monitor execution foreground monitor and target program execution or both background and foreground operations If you trace only background monitor execution the analyzer will not see any foreground cycl...

Page 389: ...ss this configuration question The emulator must recognize the target system s clock signal to function correctly Power up the emulator and then apply power to the target system Check to see that the signal timing specifications of your target system match the specifications in Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics If you see multiple guarded memory accesses Check the stack pointer value I...

Page 390: ...y pod_command pod_command pv 1 Note that the emulator analyzer interface will report an I O error because the pv command initializes the emulator You will need to enter the end release_system command to exit the emulator analyzer interface If either the emulator or analyzer fail the performance verification check the installation of those modules See Chapter 19 Installation and Service for informa...

Page 391: ...monitor and don t explicitly map a term with the dp attribute the dual port memory may be used to satisfy any map request For example if you request a 256 byte map term and this memory block is available it will be used to satisfy the request because it is closest to the needed size Or if you request a term that is slightly larger than another available block the dual port memory will be used with...

Page 392: ...eset circuit drives several critical system components as well as the processor Suppose also that the critical components are memory mapping circuits that locate ROM containing the vector table at address zero for startup then move it to a high address range after system initialization An emulator reset cannot drive your reset line directly Therefore an attempt to run after emulation reset will fa...

Page 393: ...verse translating physical address space where you have no memory Check your emulation memory map to make sure you have entries to support each of the address spaces where you have code under development Make sure those spaces are no larger than they need to be to accommodate your program code Check if you are using both root pointers in your memory mapping scheme The deMMUer may have run out of r...

Page 394: ...ate mappings If you only see physical memory addresses in the analyzer measurement results Check to see if you enabled the deMMUer with the command set demmuer on Check to see if you loaded the deMMUer with the information needed to reverse translations made by the MMU with the command load demmuer verbose Read Using the deMMUer in Chapter 10 Using Memory Management to understand how the deMMUer s...

Page 395: ...MUer If it was managing memory for some other MMU setup break to the monitor and issue the load demmuer command again Check to see if there was a context change in the MMU during execution of your program If there was the content of the root pointer may have changed for execution of the new context The deMMUer tables were set up to reverse translate the MMU tables under the root pointer values tha...

Page 396: ... initiates a transition into the monitor Some target systems cannot tolerate this behavior they exhibit unexpected activity When using such a target system configure the emulator to wait for the target system to terminate breakpoint acknowledge cycles To configure the emulator to wait for the breakpoint acknowledge cycle to be terminated by the target system enter the command Settings Pod Command ...

Page 397: ...Part 3 Reference 367 ...

Page 398: ...analyzer and describes conditions that may cause the message to appear and suggests actions you can take to correct problems indicated by the messages Chapter 13 Setting X Resources shows how you can change the appearance or behavior of certain elements in the graphical interface Chapter 14 The SPARCsystemTM Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface discusses use of the emulator analyzer inte...

Page 399: ...10 Using Memory Management Understanding logical and physical emulation and analysis 369 ...

Page 400: ...d dynamic virtual memory systems Logical vs Physical When you develop a program compile it or assemble it and link it addresses are assigned to contain each of the bytes of the program These addresses are logical addresses When the program is loaded into hardware memory so that it can be executed by the microprocessor it is loaded into physical address space When you are not using an MMU the progr...

Page 401: ...mic memory systems The MC68040 emulator is designed to work in any of these system types however the deMMUer which provides reverse translations to the analyzer is primarily intended for use in static systems Static system example A static system design may use the MMU simply to protect supervisor code and I O space against accesses from a user program Once a static system is initialized it never ...

Page 402: ...rhaps you have only 2 megabytes of physical address space in your system Still you want to be able to run the entire program You set up a specification in the MMU translation control register to divide the address space into pages the 68040 lets you divide the memory space into one of two page sizes either 4 Kbytes or 8 Kbytes Assume you set up the MMU to divide the memory into 4 Kbyte pages Your ...

Page 403: ...perimenting with several starting points for the inverse assembler you can obtain a trace list with activity inverse assembled into an equivalent assembly language listing display trace disassemble_from_line_number NO low_word Where Is The MMU The MMU is located between the CPU core and the external address bus The program counter always contains logical address values When the MMU is turned off t...

Page 404: ...e access is attempted Take care to ensure that supervisor or user is specified with addresses if the MMU will be making the distinction example address supervisor emulation rom How the MMU is enabled The MMU depends on a hardware enable and a software enable Both of these enables must agree to enable the MMU before it can translate logical addresses to physical addresses If either one or both of t...

Page 405: ...ates 1 1 for supervisor accesses The emulator executes monitor code to implement many of its emulation features The emulator must be able to find the monitor code whether the MMU is turned on or off By mapping the monitor into address space that has a 1 1 translation the monitor stays within known address space at all times and the emulator can always find it when it needs to use it This mapping i...

Page 406: ... tables in the MMU changing the mapping to the location where the breakpoint is set This is discussed in detail under Solving Problems at the end of this chapter If you enter a command to display memory or modify memory your command is directed to logical address space If you want to display memory at a physical address you have to change your command For example the command to display memory at a...

Page 407: ...he present state of the translation tables and show all of the valid mappings in those tables The display will be similar to the following Logical Address Physical Address Attributes 000089000 000089fff s 0fff89000 0fff89fff sa S W 00008a000 00008afff s 0fff8a000 0fff8afff sa S W 00008b000 00008bfff s 0fff8b000 0fff8bfff sa S W 00008c000 00008cfff s 0fff8c000 0fff8cfff sa S W 00008d000 00008dfff s...

Page 408: ...e default mmu_translations display for paths designated invalid or for paths containing illegal entries To avoid a list of mappings that scrolls for a long time include an address or address range in your command By choosing Display MMU Translations and entering a limited address range in the dialog box or using the command display mmu_translations 0 thru 0ffffh for example the emulator will show ...

Page 409: ... MMU Translations and in the dialog box obtain Function Code super and enter the desired address range or use the command display mmu_translations fcode super address thru address This tells the emulator to show the supervisor mapping for the associated logical address or address range To see only the mappings under the URP choose Display MMU Translations and in the dialog box obtain Function Code...

Page 410: ...ix bits offset into Table C The example display was made with 4 Kbyte pages selected only five bits index into Table C when 8 Kbyte pages are selected The lowest order 12 bits contain the offset into the physical page The index used in Table A is 0 which points to physical address 2028200 The content of this address is ffffffff indicating a B level table located at base address fffffe00 The status...

Page 411: ...isplay mmu_translations tables fcode user 40f8h You can add the desired function code table index to your command to see how any address is mapped through the tables under the selected root pointer e g user or super The specific status bits shown beside each table entry are defined as follows TBL PAGE indicates the base address of the next table G means the entry is global Ux shows the values of t...

Page 412: ...ysical pages indicated by each location in Table C The first indexed location in Table C shows that its associated physical page has been accessed but not modified U bit y and M bit n Logical Address hex 0 0 0 0 4 0 F 8 Logical Address bin 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 1111 1000 Table Level AAAA AAAB BBBB BBCC CCCC PPPP PPPP PPPP LEVEL INDEX LOCATION CONTENTS TBL PAGE G Ux S CM M U W UDT PDT SRP 0...

Page 413: ... deMMUer The analyzer would get its address information directly from the address bus of the emulation processor It would have no way to know what translation had occurred in the MMU Therefore it could not trigger or qualify its trace on any symbol defined in the symbols data base Further its trace list could only show you the physical address value it found on the address bus it would not be able...

Page 414: ...of your program code Note that until the MMU is enabled in hardware and software addresses will be logical Only after the MMU is enabled is there a distinction between physical and logical Settings DeMMUer Enable or set demmuer on Your analyzer receives logical addresses translated by the deMMUer according to the tables in place when you last loaded the deMMUer The DeMMUer must be loaded with data...

Page 415: ...e deMMUer Addresses will be shown as address address s This means address through address at supervisor address space What the emulator does when it loads the deMMUer When the emulator loads the deMMUer from memory it does the following Temporarily breaks into the monitor Reads the MMU registers and translation tables from memory to determine all logical to physical address translations Loads the ...

Page 416: ...e portions of your target program that must not be interrupted for long periods of time make sure your code is executing in safe regions before you load the deMMUer You might set a breakpoint in a region of your target program that is outside the time critical regions and perform the load of the deMMUer after the breakpoint is executed The analyzer must be off Your analyzer must not be making a tr...

Page 417: ...al address when two or more logical addresses are available is as follows The deMMUer selects the logical address with the lowest address value If one of the addresses is controlled by the MMU tables and one by a transparent translation register the deMMUer sends the address defined in the MMU tables If one of the logical addresses is within a range defined in the emulation configuration memory ma...

Page 418: ...ay have been other messages generated at the same time Display the error log to see all of the error messages that were generated This will give you additional information about the error that caused the message to appear The deMMUer has a table where it records ranges of physical addresses that it can reverse translate to logical addresses This table has eight entries and each entry contains a si...

Page 419: ...ables than it can translate in its deMMUer table it will assign resources to terms defined in the emulation memory map If the emulation memory map is arranged as follows the deMMUer will load in a way that ensures the physical ranges of interest will be in the deMMUer 0 to 3FFFFFH EMUL RAM 10000000H to 101FFFFFH TARGET RAM 20000000H to 203FFFFFH TARGET ROM default TARGET RAM When the emulator read...

Page 420: ...e resource blocks in its eight entry table to reverse translate only those physical address ranges With the above example you could have avoided running out of resources If you had placed invalid descriptors in your MMU tables in the paths that lead to unused physical address ranges the deMMUer would have had more than enough resource blocks in its eight entry table to reverse translate the valid ...

Page 421: ...ters URP and SRP If the values of your user root pointer and supervisor root pointer are the same URP SRP and if the user and supervisor function codes are ignored in all of the transparent translation registers then the deMMUer table will not be divided It will make its eight resource blocks available to reverse translate either user or supervisor space If the user root pointer and supervisor roo...

Page 422: ...o an incorrect physical address the Display MMU Translations or display mmu_translations command can show the details of how your logical addresses are mapped to the wrong physical addresses To display the MMU translations when the TC register contains a disable value include the enable value 8000h in the Override Processor Register Values section of the Display MMU Translations dialog box or incl...

Page 423: ... you identify the one or few logical addresses that are being mapped incorrectly by the MMU Then you can choose Display MMU Translations click on MMU Tables in the dialog box and enter the suspect addresses to see the mapping tables used to translate those addresses On the command line you can use the display mmu_translations tables address command to look at the mapping tables used to translate t...

Page 424: ...ands choose Display MMU Translations click on MMU Tables in the dialog box and enter the suspect addresses or on the command line display mmu_translations tables suspect_address to see how each of them is mapped through the MMU tables This should identify the error in the MMU mapping tables If you find a particular address that is mapped to guarded memory and if the problem seems to be in Table B ...

Page 425: ...BKPT instruction When the BKPT instruction is executed it is at a point in your program where you never set a breakpoint You should disable any hardware breakpoints before changing the MMU address translations Reenable the hardware breakpoints after the MMU address translations have been modified A can t break into monitor example The following example assumes you mapped your foreground monitor be...

Page 426: ...will show a list of the logical to physical address translations that will be performed when the MMU is enabled Find the logical address range that contains your foreground monitor and see the physical address where it is mapped The physical address range needs to be the same as the logical address range for the emulator to be able to find the monitor The display you get by choosing Display MMU Tr...

Page 427: ...SIDENT A 000 00000200 0000040b 00000400 y n RESIDENT B 000 00000400 0000060b 00000600 y n RESIDENT C 016 00000640 0000c01f 0000C000 n 00 y cw y y n RESIDENT Physical Address hex 0000c000 In the example display the foreground monitor whose logical address is 4000 was placed in physical address C000 Table C points to the page containing the foreground monitor The base address of Table C is 00000600 ...

Page 428: ...el AAAA AAAB BBBB BBCC CCCC PPPP PPPP PPPP LEVEL INDEX LOCATION CONTENTS TBL PAGE G Ux S CM M U W UDT PDT SRP 00000200 00000200 RESIDENT A 000 00000200 0000040b 00000400 y n RESIDENT B 000 00000400 0000060b 00000600 y n RESIDENT C 016 00000640 0000401f 00004000 n 00 y cw y y n RESIDENT Physical Address hex 00004000 The above modifications will provide the proper mapping for your system until you r...

Page 429: ...11 Emulator Commands The command syntax reference for the emulator softkey interface 399 ...

Page 430: ...zer Interface Commands This chapter describes the emulator analyzer interface commands in alphabetical order First the syntax conventions are described and the commands are summarized Chapter 11 Emulator Commands 400 ...

Page 431: ...e Copy Event Log File Log Playback File Log Record File Log Stop File Emul700 Emulator Analyzer File Emul700 other products File Edit File File Edit At Location File Edit At PC Location File Term cd cws load configuration load abs_file load abs_file nosymbols load symbols load trace load trace_spec load demmuer file store trace store trace_spec bbaunload store demmuer file copy display to copy mem...

Page 432: ...splay Local Symbols Display Pod Commands Display Error Log Display Event Log pwd pws display memory display memory EXPR mnemonic display memory mnemonic at_pc display memory mnemonic previous_display display memory EXPR blocked bytes display memory EXPR blocked words display memory EXPR blocked long display memory EXPR real short display memory EXPR real long display memory EXPR real extended disp...

Page 433: ...source from transfer_address step step from EXPR step from transfer_address break reset Breakpoints Display Breakpoints Enable Breakpoints Temporary Breakpoints Permanent Breakpoints Force HW Permanent Breakpoints Force HW Temporary Breakpoints Set All Breakpoints Clear Breakpoints Clear All display software_breakpoints modify software_breakpoints enable disable modify software_breakpoints set EXP...

Page 434: ...s Absolute Settings Source Symbol Modes Symbols Settings Source Symbol Modes Source Mixed Settings Source Symbol Modes Source Only Settings Display Modes Settings DeMMUer Load from Memory Settings DeMMUer Load from File Settings DeMMUer Verbose Settings DeMMUer Enable Settings Pod Command Keyboard Settings Simulated IO Keyboard Settings Command Line set source off symbols off set source off symbol...

Page 435: ...Inhibit ON Map Default Memory Type Target ROM Transfer Cache Inhibit OFF Map Default Memory Type Target ROM Transfer Cache Inhibit ON Map Default Memory Type Guarded N A calls the associated dialog box N A calls the associated dialog box delete entry delete all default target ram default target ram transfer_cache_inhibit default target rom default target rom transfer_cache_inhibit default guarded ...

Page 436: ...nd Line Set Inactivate Breakpoint Clear delete Breakpoint Enable Disable Software Breakpoints Set All Breakpoints Clear delete All Breakpoints modify software_breakpoints set deactivate EXPR modify software_breakpoints clear EXPR modify software_breakpoints enable disable modify software_breakpoints set modify software_breakpoints clear Symbols Display Popup Command Line Display Local Symbols Disp...

Page 437: ...Log N A toggles command line display error_log display event_log Command Line Popup Command Line Position Cursor Replace Mode Position Cursor Insert Mode Execute Command Clear to End of Line Clear Entire Line Command Line Off INSERT CHAR key when in insert mode INSERT CHAR key RETURN key CTRL e CTRL u toggles command line Emulation Configuration Memory Map Display Popup Command Line Modify Entry A...

Page 438: ...tangular shaped Symbols Rectangular shaped symbols contain prompt softkeys softkey changers and references to other syntax diagrams Prompt softkeys are enclosed in angle brackets and Softkey changers are enclosed in dashes References to other diagrams are shown in all capital letters without any enclosing symbols Examples of all three kinds of rectangular symbols follow Prompt Softkey Press to get...

Page 439: ...abeled NORMAL is a special softkey changer use it to return to the former set of softkeys For example you can press the EXPR softkey to call up a set of prompt softkeys to help you complete an expression After you complete the expression you can return to the set of softkeys containing the EXPR softkey by pressing the NORMAL softkey Chapter 11 Emulator Commands 409 ...

Page 440: ...lay trace end help3 load absolute_file load configuration load demmuer5 load emul_mem load trace load trace_spec load user_memory log_commands3 modify configuration modify keyboard_to_simio2 modify memory4 modify register1 modify software_breakpoints1 name_of_module3 performance_measurement_end performance_measurement_init performance_measurement_run pod_command pwd print working directory 3 pws p...

Page 441: ...nning Break diverts the processor from execution of your program to the emulation monitor reset Break releases the processor from reset and diverts execution to the monitor running in monitor The break command does not perform any operation while the emulator is executing in the monitor Example break See Also help break run step Chapter 11 Emulator Commands break 411 ...

Page 442: ...onnector All emulators connected to the CMB including the one sending the CMB EXECUTE pulse and configured to respond to this signal will take part in the measurement Example cmb_execute See Also help cmb help cmb_execute help specify specify run specify trace Chapter 11 Emulator Commands cmb_execute 412 ...

Page 443: ...copy Chapter 11 Emulator Commands copy 413 ...

Page 444: ...ou want to route the output of the copy command UNIX commands must be preceded by an exclamation point An exclamation point following the UNIX command continues Softkey Interface command line execution after the UNIX command executes Emulation is not affected when using a UNIX command that is a shell intrinsic data This allows you to copy a list of memory contents formatted in various data types s...

Page 445: ...symbols_in This lets you copy all the children of a given symbol to the selected destination See the SYMB syntax page and the SRU User s Guide for information on symbol hierarchy Local symbols are symbols that are children of the particular file or symbol defined by SYMB that is they are defined in that file or scope memory This allows you to copy a list of the contents of memory to the selected d...

Page 446: ...ies your system printer as the destination device for the copy command Before you can specify the printer as the destination device you must define PRINTER as a shell variable For example enter the text shown below after the symbol PRINTER lp export PRINTER If you don t want the print message to overwrite the command line execute set PRINTER lp s registers This allows you to copy a list of the con...

Page 447: ...is allows you to specify a destination for the copied information trace This lets you copy the current trace listing to the selected destination Initial values are the same as specified by the last display trace command Examples copy local_symbols_in prog68k S to printer copy local_symbols_in cmd_rdr s to myfile copy memory START to printer copy memory 0 thru 100H START thru 5 500H TARGET2 to meml...

Page 448: ...o display local_symbols_in SYMB display memory display registers display trace modify memory modify registers store memory store trace help copy help registers help trace Chapter 11 Emulator Commands copy 418 ...

Page 449: ...te stores the count information associated with the state information The deep analyzer can always store the same maximum number of states in its state buffer regardless of whether counting is turned on or off By default the interface displays a maximum of 256 of states You can increase the depth of the trace display buffer to display up to the maximum amount of states that are available for displ...

Page 450: ...ation bus analyzer to count occurrences of the specified state during a trace measurement time This option causes the emulation bus analyzer to count the time between states captured during the trace measurement Examples trace after START counting state LOOP2 trace counting time See Also help trace trace Chapter 11 Emulator Commands COUNT 420 ...

Page 451: ...display Chapter 11 Emulator Commands display 421 ...

Page 452: ...particular variable The address identifier and data value of each symbol may be displayed You must issue the command set symbols on to see the symbol names displayed For the first display data command after you begin an emulation session you must supply at least one expression specifying the data item s to display Thereafter the display data command defaults to the expressions specified in the las...

Page 453: ...ts of memory offset_by This option allows you to offset the listed execution breakpoint address value from the actual address of the breakpoint By subtracting the offset value from the breakpoint address the system can cause the listed address to match that given in the assembler or compiler listing physical This allows you to specify that the addresses to be displayed are addresses in physical me...

Page 454: ...r details on setting up simulated I O refer to the question Modify simulated I O configuration in Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator software_ breakpoints This option lets you display the current list of execution breakpoints in software If the emulation session is continued from a previous session the listing will include any previously defined breakpoints The column marked status shows whether t...

Page 455: ...owing table Data type information is not available from the symbol database so you must specify it TYPE Meaning byte Hex display of one 8 bit location word Hex display of one 16 bit location long Hex display of one 32 bit location int8 Display of one 8 bit location as a signed integer using two s complement notation int16 Display of two bytes as a signed integer using two s complement notation int...

Page 456: ...display registers display registers BASIC display data Msg_A thru 17 char Stack long set symbols on set width label 30 display data _clocktic thru 4 char _duration thru 4 char See Also copy help copy help display help registers help software_breakpoints modify registers modify software_breakpoints set step cws pws The following pages describe various display memory display MMU and display trace sy...

Page 457: ...DISPLAY MEMORY Chapter 11 Emulator Commands DISPLAY MEMORY 427 ...

Page 458: ...l memory displays except blocked mode Memory mnemonic may be displayed with source and assembly code intermixed or with source code only Symbols also can be displayed in the memory mnemonic string See the set command Initial values are the same as specified by the command display memory 0 blocked bytes offset_by 0 Defaults are values specified in a previous display memory command The symbols and s...

Page 459: ...dress 0000H The memory contents listing will then appear similar to the assembler or compiler listing This option is also useful for displaying symbols and source lines in dynamically relocated programs packed Displays memory as 96 bit Motorola format packed real numbers physical This allows you to specify that the addresses to be displayed are addresses in physical memory previous_display Places ...

Page 460: ...isplay memory command The data specified in both commands is displayed The data will be formatted as specified in the current command The comma is also a delimiter between values when specifying multiple addresses Examples display memory 2000h thru 204fh blocked words display memory 2000h thru 202fh 2100h real long display memory 400h mnemonic set symbols on set source on display memory main mnemo...

Page 461: ...DISPLAY MMU Chapter 11 Emulator Commands DISPLAY MMU 431 ...

Page 462: ...ge specifies a logical address reference for the MMU information to be displayed This takes the form of EXPR see the EXPR syntax diagram EXPR An expression is a combination of numeric values symbols operators and parentheses specifying a value such as an address See the EXPR syntax diagram FCODE The function code used to define the address space being referenced See the syntax diagram for FCODE to...

Page 463: ...ysical mappings in the MMU display mmu_translations Show all of the logical to physical mappings for logical addresses in the range of 7FF0 through 800F display mmu_translations 7ff0H thru 800fH Show the table details used to translate logical address 400 display mmu_translations tables 400H Show the details of Table A used to translate logical address 40FC display mmu_translations tables 40fcH le...

Page 464: ...DISPLAY TRACE Chapter 11 Emulator Commands DISPLAY TRACE 434 ...

Page 465: ... measured from the trigger event If time counts are currently selected the count parameter causes an absolute or relative time count to be listed If the current trace contains state counts a relative or absolute state count results The source parameter allows display of source program lines in the trace listing enabling you to quickly correlate the trace list with your source program Initial value...

Page 466: ...tify the first state of an instruction on the processor bus The command is not available on emulators where the corresponding inverse assembler can identify instructions on the processor bus EXPR An expression is a combination of numeric values symbols operators and parentheses specifying an offset value to be subtracted from the addresses traced by the emulation analyzer See the EXPR syntax diagr...

Page 467: ...perating characteristic of the analyzer When you use the command set source on and are executing only assembly language code not high level language code no source lines are displayed The trace list will fill immediately with the captured assembly language instructions When using set source only no inverse assembled code is displayed Therefore the emulation software will try to fill the display wi...

Page 468: ... trace count absolute display trace absolute status binary set source on display trace mnemonic set source only See Also copy trace help display help trace store trace set Chapter 11 Emulator Commands DISPLAY TRACE 438 ...

Page 469: ... this command ends the interface but leaves the emulator in a continue state The interface if restarted will reload the last configuration used If the interface instance is one of several into the same emulation session then the end command ends the interface instance where the end is issued Other interface instances into the same emulation session are not affected locked This option allows you to...

Page 470: ...Examples end end locked end release_system See Also emul700 emulator_name help end Chapter 11 Emulator Commands end 440 ...

Page 471: ...e don t care numbers in expressions These are indicated by a number containing an x These numbers may be defined as binary octal decimal or hexadecimal For example 1fxxh 17x7o and 011xxx10b are valid Don t care numbers are not valid for all commands NORMAL This appears as a softkey label to enable you to return to the EXPR key The NORMAL label can be accessed whenever defining an expression but is...

Page 472: ... with a range of addresses end will represent the last address in that range start This displays the first memory location where the symbol you specify may be located For example if a particular symbol is associated with a range of addresses start will represent the first address in that range UNARY This defines either the algebraic negation minus sign or the logical negation NOT sign Parentheses ...

Page 473: ...Examples 05fxh DISP_BUF 5 SYMB_TBL OFFSET 2 START cprog C line 15 end See Also help expressions SYMB Chapter 11 Emulator Commands EXPR 443 ...

Page 474: ... emulator to use the default supervisor address space super Supervisor address space user User address space Examples To copy a portion of user address space to a file copy memory fcode user 1000H thru 1fffH to mymem To modify a location in supervisor address space modify memory fcode super 5000h long to 12345678h Chapter 11 Emulator Commands FCODE 444 ...

Page 475: ...ess the help information HELP_FILE This represents the name of one of the available help files on the softkey labels You can either press the softkey that represents the desired help file or type in the help file name If you are typing in the help file name make sure you use the complete syntax Not all of the softkey labels reflect the complete file name Examples help system_commands run To displa...

Page 476: ...pecifies that the locations of the file are in user target system memory or emulation memory This command also allows you to access and display previously stored trace data load a previously created configuration file and load absolute files with symbols Chapter 11 Emulator Commands load 446 ...

Page 477: ...tion codes available and for an explanation of those codes FILE This represents the absolute file to be loaded into either target system memory emulation memory X files are assumed or the trace memory TR files are assumed noabort This option allows you to load a file even if part of the file is located at memory mapped as guarded or target ROM trom nosymbols This option causes the file specified t...

Page 478: ...s the verbose mode for the deMMUer load function The verbose mode shows a list of the physical address that can be translated by the deMMUer after loading the deMMUer If these address translations include function codes the function codes are shown beside the addresses example 000000000 003ffffff s Examples load sort1 load configuration config3 load trace trace3 load demmuer verbose See Also displ...

Page 479: ...o the command line to access the remainder of the log_commands softkeys See the User s Guide for information about entering Softkey Interface commands FILE This represents the file where you want to store interface commands If the file does not exist a new file is created If the file already exists the new commands are appended to the present content in the file unless the noappend option is speci...

Page 480: ...modify Chapter 11 Emulator Commands modify 450 ...

Page 481: ...between values when modifying multiple values configuration The configuration questions are presented in sequence with either the default response or the previously entered response You can select the currently displayed response by pressing the carriage return key Otherwise you can modify the response as you desire and then press the carriage return key For each emulator default responses defined...

Page 482: ...ocation in the series and so on until the list is exhausted When more than one value is listed the value representations must be separated by commas See the examples for more information A range of memory can be modified such that the content of each location in the range is changed to the single specified value or to a single or repeated sequence This type of memory modification is done by enteri...

Page 483: ...ak to the monitor must occur before you can modify registers Basic registers include PC STATUS USP ISP MSP CACR D0 through D7 A0 through A7 VBR DFC and SFC The FPU registers include FPCR FPSR FPIAR and FP0 through FP7 The MMU registers include ITT0 ITT1 DTT0 DTT1 MMUSR TC SRP and URP REGISTER This represents the name of a register that you specify set This option allows you to activate software br...

Page 484: ...ution breakpoint specification string Modify memory values to the ASCII character string given by STRING STRING A quoted ASCII string which may include the following special characters null newline horizontal tab backspace carriage return form feed backslash single quote bit pattern 0 n t b r f OOO where OOO is an octal number temporary This option allows you to set an execution breakpoint that is...

Page 485: ... real long to 0 5532E 8 modify memory buffer string to This is a test n 0 display memory blocked bytes modify memory Msg_Dest thru 50 to 41h 42h 43h modify memory Msg_Dest string to HP 64000 Softkey Interface modify memory Msg_Dest thru 50 to 0 modify register D0 to 9H modify register BASIC PC to 2000H modify software_breakpoints enable modify software_breakpoints clear 99H 1234H modify software_b...

Page 486: ...so copy memory copy registers copy software_breakpoints display memory display registers display software_breakpoints help modify help registers help software_breakpoints modify registers store memory Chapter 11 Emulator Commands modify 456 ...

Page 487: ... named perf out is overwritten each time this command is executed This command does not alter current measurement data in the emulation system Example performance_measurement_end See Also help performance_measurement_initialize help performance_measurement_run performance_measurement_initialize performance_measurement_run Chapter 11 Emulator Commands performance_measurement_end 457 ...

Page 488: ...ult values will vary depending on the type of operation selected and whether symbols have been loaded activity This option causes the performance measurement process to operate as though an option is not specified duration This option sets the measurement mode to duration Time ranges will default to a predetermined set unless a user defined file of time ranges is specified FILE This represents a f...

Page 489: ...d This also can be a program symbol name in which case all symbols that are local to a function or procedure are used See the SYMB syntax diagram Examples performance_measurement_initialize performance_measurement_initialize duration performance_measurement_initialize local_symbols_in prog68k S See Also help performance_measurement_initialize help performance_measurement_run performance_measuremen...

Page 490: ...This sequence will be repeated the number of times specified by the COUNT option The trace command must be set up correctly for the requested measurement For an activity measurement you can use the default trace command trace counting time For a duration measurement you must set up the trace specification to store only the points of interest To do this for example you could enter trace only symbol...

Page 491: ... of the Softkey Interface See the User s Guide and the Terminal Interface screen for more information about Terminal Interface commands that should not be used Although you can issue Terminal Interface commands via this command you cannot see the results of those commands unless you display the Terminal Interface screen with display pod_command keyboard Enters an interactive mode where you can sim...

Page 492: ...erface display pod_command pod_command keyboard cf tsq tcq Enter suspend to return to the Softkey Interface See Also display pod_command help pod_command Also see the MC68040 EC040 LC040 Emulator AnalyzerTerminal Interface User s Guide Chapter 11 Emulator Commands pod_command 462 ...

Page 493: ...e command You can include don t care numbers These contain an x preceded or followed or both by a number Some examples include 1fxxh 17x7o and 011xxx10b Don t care numbers may be entered in binary octal or hexadecimal base Expression types are address when none is chosen The default is to qualify on all states address This specifies that the expression following is an address value This is the def...

Page 494: ...e logical not of the specified range or state that is addresses not in the specified range or an address not in the specified state or This option allows you to specify multiple states to be captured during a trace measurement range This indicates a range of addresses to be specified EXPR thru EXPR status This specifies that the expression following or status word is a status value for the process...

Page 495: ... in a range Examples trace only address prog68k S READ_INPUT trace only address range prog68k S READ_INPUT thru OUTPUT trace only address range prog68k S CLEAR thru READ_INPUT Also see the trace command examples See Also help trace trace Chapter 11 Emulator Commands QUALIFIER 465 ...

Page 496: ...ation and asserts the reset signal on the emulation processor The reset signal is latched when the reset command is executed and is released by either the run or break command Example reset See Also help reset Chapter 11 Emulator Commands reset 466 ...

Page 497: ... to the paragraph titled To run a program in Chapter 4 Using the Emulator If you omit the address option EXPR the emulator begins program execution at the current address specified by the emulation processor program counter If an absolute file containing a transfer address has just been loaded execution starts at that address EXPR An expression is a combination of numeric values symbols operators ...

Page 498: ...ess where execution is to stop The emulator will execute your target program up to the point where the until address is found Execution will stop at the until address and the emulator will begin executing the emulation monitor Examples run run from 810H run from COLD_START run from TEST_START until TEST_POINT_1 See Also help run help step step Chapter 11 Emulator Commands run 468 ...

Page 499: ...sequencer You must enter at least one qualifier QUALIFIER Specifies the address data or status value or value range that will satisfy this sequence term if looking for a sequence find_sequence or will restart at the beginning of the sequence restart See the QUALIFIER syntax pages for further information occurs Selects the number of times a particular qualifier must be found before the analyzer pro...

Page 500: ...s in sequence Occasionally test2 completes but does not start test3 instead it jumps directly to test 9 The following trace command would be used to capture a trace only when the program fails to step from test2 to test 3 so you could look at activity associated with this program failure display trace trace find_sequence test1 then test2 restart test3 trigger about not range test3 thru test3 end S...

Page 501: ...set Chapter 11 Emulator Commands set 471 ...

Page 502: ... state by simply using the command set default default This option restores all the set options to their default settings demmuer on This option turns on the deMMUer Addresses on the emulation bus will be reverse translated physical to logical before being supplied to the analyzer Reverse translations will be made according to the setup that was present in the MMU at the time you entered your last...

Page 503: ... to be main module C Identifies ANSI C as the language so SRU can use the C hierarchy to disambiguate symbols ADA Identifies ADA as the language so SRU can use the ADA hierarchy to disambiguate symbols C_IEE695 Identifies C_IEEE 695 as the language so SRU can use the C_IEEE 695 hierarchy to disambiguate symbols Note An alternate method for making the langinfo specification is to use the environmen...

Page 504: ...es is the nicest possible formats for memory and trace displays Parameters such as source on only number of source lines to show display width and turning symbols on are all governed by this one selection With this selection memory displays will show the maximum available source lines preceding each block of code and trace lists will show five source lines preceding trace data off This option prev...

Page 505: ...pdated or not updated update When using multiple windows or terminals and specifying this option the display buffer in that window or terminal will be updated when a new measurement completes This is the default Note that for displays that show memory contents the values will be updated when a command executes that changes memory contents such as modify memory load and so on VALUE Specifies the lo...

Page 506: ...egister step mnemonic displays WIDTH This prompts you for the column width of the source label mnemonic or symbols field CTRL f and CTRL g may be used to shift the display left or right to display information which is off the screen Examples set noupdate set source on inverse_video on tabs_are 2 set symbols on width label 30 mnemonic 20 set PRINTER lp s set HP64KSYMBPATH file1 proc1 file2 proc2 co...

Page 507: ...cessor is reset and no address is specified a cmb_execute command will run the processor from the reset condition The run specification is active until you enter specify run disable The trace specification is active until you enter another trace command without the specify prefix The emulator will run from the current program counter address unless otherwise directed disable This option turns off ...

Page 508: ...un from command and represents the address from which the program will begin running run This option specifies that the emulator will run from either an expression or from the transfer address when a CMB EXECUTE signal is received TRACE This option specifies that a trace measurement will be taken when a CMB EXECUTE signal is received until Specifies an address where program execution is to stop Th...

Page 509: ...ill step is highlighted The memory mnemonic display autopages to the new address if the next PC goes outside of the currently displayed address range This feature works even if stepping is performed in a different emulation window than one displaying memory mnemonic see the discussion on opening and using other interface windows in Chapter 3 Using the Emulator Analyzer Interface If no value is ent...

Page 510: ...dates the register step mnemonic only after stepping is complete This will speed up instruction stepping The default is to update the register step mnemonic after each assembly instruction or source line executes if stepping is performed in the same window as the register display transfer_address This represents the starting address of the program you loaded into emulation or target memory The tra...

Page 511: ...ps execution of the current measurement The analyzer stops searching for trigger and trace states If trace memory is empty no states acquired nothing will be displayed Example stop_trace See Also help stop_trace trace Chapter 11 Emulator Commands stop_trace 481 ...

Page 512: ...s of the absolute file is set to zero demmuer This causes the emulator to read the content of the MMU tables and store the appropriate demmuer setup in a file you name with a ED extension EXPR This is a combination of numeric values symbols operators and parentheses specifying a memory address See the EXPR syntax diagram FCODE The function code used to define the address space being referenced See...

Page 513: ...om the file identifier trace This option causes the current trace data to be stored in the specified file with a TR extension trace_spec This option stores the current trace specification in the specified file with a TS extension A comma separates memory expressions in the command line Examples store memory 800H thru 20FFH to TEMP2 store memory EXEC thru DONE to 12 10 store trace TRACE store trace...

Page 514: ... SYMB Chapter 11 Emulator Commands SYMB 484 ...

Page 515: ...portions of the database in increments as necessary Further information regarding the SRU and symbol handling is available in the SRU User s Guide Also refer to that manual for information on the HP64KSYMBPATH environment variable The last symbol specified in a display local_symbols_in SYMB command or with the cws command is the default symbol scope The default is none if no current working symbol...

Page 516: ...he lowest address occupied by any code in the procedure and ending with the highest address occupied by any code in the procedure Normally the text_range will be the same as the entry_exit_range some compilers may rearrange code so that the return instruction for example is not at the highest address in the range occupied by code of the procedure TYPE When two identifier names are identical and ha...

Page 517: ...ser Typical prospecial symbols would be entry1 entry2 and entry3 in a procedure that has three possible entry points static Static symbols which include global variables The logical address of these symbols will not change task Task symbols which are specifically defined by the processor and language system in use A colon is used to delimit the UNIX file path from the line segment or symbol specif...

Page 518: ...0 process_port port_one port_value end main File users project1 porthand c contains include utils c process_port int port_num int port_data static int i static int i2 for i 0 i 64 i i2 i 2 port_num port_data i2 delay static int i i 3 port_data port_data i end of process_port File users project1 utils c contains delay int i j int waste_time for i 0 i 256000 i for j 0 j 256000 j waste_time 0 end del...

Page 519: ...s for variables that are dynamically allocated on the stack at run time such as i and j within the delay procedure SRU has no way of knowing where these variables will be at run time and therefore cannot build a corresponding symbol tree entry with run time address These are examples of referencing different symbols in the programs listed Chapter 11 Emulator Commands SYMB 489 ...

Page 520: ...pe You also can save typing by specifying a scope with cws For example if you are making many measurements involving symbols in the file porthand c you could specify cws porthand c process_port Then i BLOCK_1 i are prefixed with porthand c process_port before the database lookup If a symbol search with the current working symbol prefix is unsuccessful the last scope on the current working symbol i...

Page 521: ...licts arise Although not shown in the tree assume that a procedure called port_one is also defined in control c This would conflict with the identifier port_one which declares an integer pointer SRU can resolve the difference You must specify control c port_one static to reference the variable and control c port_one procedure to reference the procedure address See Also copy local_symbols_in cws di...

Page 522: ...and then initiating the program run Once a trace begins the analyzer monitors the system busses of the emulation processor to detect the states specified in the trace command The analyzer will trace any state counting time by default When the trace specification is satisfied and trace memory is filled a message will appear on the status line indicating the trace is complete You can then use displa...

Page 523: ...fore arm_trig2 can appear as an option you must modify the emulation configuration interactive measurement specification When doing this you must specify that either BNC or CMBT drive trig2 and that the analyzer receive trig2 See Chapter 6 Coordinated Measurements for more information break_on_trigger This stops target system program execution when the trigger is found The emulator begins executio...

Page 524: ...ce terms including the trigger The analyzer must find each of these terms in the given order before searching for the trigger You are limited to four sequence terms if windowing is enabled See the SEQUENCING syntax pages for more details TRIGGER This represents the event on the emulation bus to be used as the starting ending or centering event for the trace See the TRIGGER syntax diagram When usin...

Page 525: ...See Also copy trace display trace help trace load trace load trace_spec specify trace store trace store trace_spec Chapter 11 Emulator Commands trace 495 ...

Page 526: ...ut This option captures trace data leading to and following the trigger qualifier The trigger is centered in the trace listing after Trace data is acquired after the trigger qualifier is found before Trace data is acquired prior to the trigger qualifier occurs This specifies a number of qualifier occurrences of a range or state on which the analyzer is to trigger QUALIFIER This determines which of...

Page 527: ...mples trace after MAIN trace after 1000H then data 5 Also see the trace command examples See Also help trace trace Also refer to Chapter 6 Coordinated Measurements Chapter 11 Emulator Commands TRIGGER 497 ...

Page 528: ...UNIX command before starting the next command no_prompt_before_ exit When the associated UNIX command completes the results display is shown and then removed from the display without need to press the RETURN key Use this option to speed execution of your command when the results display is not important to you Examples To see your present working directory pwd To see a directory listing in a brows...

Page 529: ...ys If you issue a wait command without any other options the system will pause until it receives a CTRL c signal If set intr CTRL c was not executed on your system CTRL c normally defaults to the backspace key See your UNIX system administrator for more details regarding keyboard definitions A wait command in a command file will cause execution of the command file to pause until a CTRL c signal is...

Page 530: ...ete immediately or This causes the system to wait for a CTRL c signal or for a pending measurement to complete The wait will end when the first one of these two conditions occurs seconds This causes the system to pause for a specific number of seconds TIME This prompts you for the number of seconds to insert for the delay Examples wait wait 5 wait measurement_complete See Also help system_commands...

Page 531: ...le term and one disable term The analyzer defaults to recognizing all states If you specify enable you must supply a qualifier term If you then specify disable you must specify a qualifier term disable Allows you to specify the term which will stop the analyzer from recognizing states once the enable term has been found enable Allows you to specify the term which will enable the analyzer to begin ...

Page 532: ...memory will only store message writes store write transactions only during the time when the Write_Msg routine is active and not store other program activity display trace trace enable Write_Msg start disable Write_Msg end only status write See Also help trace SEQUENCING trace QUALIFIER Chapter 11 Emulator Commands WINDOW 502 ...

Page 533: ...lator Error Messages This chapter lists error and status messages that you may see when using the emulator The causes of the messages are given along with actions you can take to overcome error conditions 503 ...

Page 534: ...re generated for a single error condition you will have to view the error log to see the complete list of messages Only the last error message in the sequence will remain in the status line display area The error log can hold up to 100 messages To prevent overrun the error log purges the oldest messages to make room for the new ones Emulator error messages MMU_REGISTER register cannot be read Wher...

Page 535: ...ory with the MMU enabled You requested the monitor to display or modify memory or you tried to exit the monitor and the memory access generated an access fault resulting from an MMU address translation failure A user mode access was attempted to a page that is only accessible in supervisor mode Action Try your command again but be sure to specify access in the supervisor mode Address translation e...

Page 536: ... the write protected page to see if it has been changed by the attempted write transaction Analyzer Break Async_Stat 613 Cause Status message No action necessary Analyzer SIMMs are not all the same size using smallest size Status 1002 Cause Plug in SIMMs are used to expand the trace depth to 64k or 256k states in the deep analyzer Four SIMMs all of the same size must be used If they are not all th...

Page 537: ...cessary status only Break condition configuration aborted Error 653 Cause Occurs when CTRL c is entered during bc display Break condition must be specified Error 652 Cause You tried to define a breakpoint without specifying the break condition to enable or disable Action Reenter the breakpoint command along with the enable disable flag and the break condition you wish to modify Break due to cause ...

Page 538: ...ou tried to enable either the MMU or the cache within the emulation configuration after selecting the background monitor The background monitor requires the MMU and the cache to be disabled in order to operate properly Action Use the foreground monitor if you want to enable either the MMU or the cache Clock speed not available with current count qualifier Error 1239 Cause This error occurs when yo...

Page 539: ...measurements The CMB EXECUTE pulse has been received the emulation processor started running at the address specified by the specify run command CMB trigger break Async_Stat 617 Cause This status message will be displayed if you have configured the emulator to break on a CMB trigger and the CMB trigger line is activated during a program run The emulator is broken to the monitor Command line too co...

Page 540: ...t Configuration failed setting unknown item value Error 626 Cause Target condition or system failure while trying to change configuration item Action Try to reset Then reenter your cf command Check target system and run performance verification pv command Conflict between expected and received symbol information Error 880 Cause The information you supplied in a symbol definition is not what the HP...

Page 541: ...of the copy memory or modify memory commands The break could result from any of the break conditions or could have resulted from a CTRL c break Action Retry the operation If breaks are occurring continuously you may wish to disable some of the break conditions Copy target image not supported Error 175 Cause The cim copy image memory command cannot be used in this emulator Normally the cim command ...

Page 542: ...nge the count qualifier See Chapter 5 Using the Analyzer for more information Coverage not supported Error 175 Cause The memory coverage command cannot be used in this emulator because there is no supporting hardware DeMMUer has not been loaded Error 163 Cause You tried to enable the deMMUer before it had been loaded The deMMUer can only be enabled after it has been loaded with a set of reverse tr...

Page 543: ...e monitor type to background The background monitor requires the MMU and the cache to be disabled in order to operate properly Both the MMU and the cache were disabled automatically when you changed to the background monitor Display register failed register Error 634 Cause The emulator was unable to display the register you requested Action To resolve this you must look at the other status message...

Page 544: ...r map command Dual ported memory limited to 4K bytes Error 141 Cause There are only 4 Kbytes of dual port emulation memory on the emulator probe You tried to map an emulation memory term whose address range spanned more than 4 Kbytes by answering Yes to the Dual Port Memory attribute selection Action You can Reenter the specification answering Yes to the Dual Port Memory attribute question Be sure...

Page 545: ...o complete execution of a monitor command which accessed this memory address This can happen on any access to target memory or interlocked emulation memory when you answered Yes to the Emulator Terminates Bus Cycles attribute question The emulator will not terminate any hung bus cycles unless you explicitly say break or you execute a monitor command ie display memory 7000 The emulator will generat...

Page 546: ...or the command Refer to the tgout command description in the chapter titled Interfaces of the Deep Analyzer for correct formats for the tgout command Failed to disable step mode Error 684 Cause System failure Run performance verification pv command FATAL SYSTEM SOFTWARE ERROR Error 204 FATAL SYSTEM SOFTWARE ERROR Error 205 FATAL SYSTEM SOFTWARE ERROR Error 208 Cause The system has encountered an e...

Page 547: ...xception vector table in the foreground monitor and the target program generated an exception that was caught by the monitor Hardware breakpoints can only be used in target memory Error 154 Cause You attempted to use the force hardware option to set a breakpoint at an address mapped as emulation memory The force hardware option for breakpoints is not available for addresses in emulation memory it ...

Page 548: ...ase for the column containing mnemonic information Action Respecify the trace format without using a base for the mnemonic column Illegal base for sequencer display Error 1132 Cause When specifying the trace format you cannot specify a number base for the column containing sequencer information Action Respecify the trace format without using a base for the sequencer column Illegal width for symbol...

Page 549: ... message titled Request cannot be satisfied with remaining map resources in this chapter Interrupt stack is located in guarded memory address Error 151 Cause You issued a command to run the target program but when the emulator attempted to write to one of your stacks it detected that the stack address is in memory mapped as guarded The monitor exits to user program by executing an RTE instruction ...

Page 550: ...tion or target RAM that can be used for stack operations before running your program Or you can modify the emulation configuration and respecify the memory map to RAM for the address range containing the interrupt stack the master stack or both Interrupt stack pointer is odd or uninitialized Error 151 Cause You are in the monitor and you tried to run but the emulator detected that your stack point...

Page 551: ...ected during these writes will abort the exit from the monitor Action Use the display registers and modify registers commands to set the stack pointer to an even value that points at a memory region emulation or target RAM that can be used for stack operations before running your program Or you can modify the emulation configuration and respecify the memory map to RAM for the address range contain...

Page 552: ... aborted Cause A configuration file filename EA being loaded into the emulator has at least one invalid answer to a configuration question Action Display the emulator error log to see which answer s were invalid Edit the configuration file and correct the invalid answer s or create a new configuration file by modifying the emulator configuration and storing it Invalid attribute for memory type att...

Page 553: ...e the help screen to see valid items Reenter the command specifying only configuration items that are supported by your emulator Refer to Chapter 8 Configuring the Emulator in this manual Invalid count count Error 315 Cause This error occurs when the emulation system expects a certain number of arguments for example but you specify a different number Action Enter the number the system expects to r...

Page 554: ...or example you may have specified digits that don t correspond to the base specified or you forgot to precede a hexadecimal letter digit with a number or the upper boundary of the range you specified is less than the lower boundary Action Reenter your command and the address specification See the ADDRESS and the EXPRESSION syntax pages in this manual for information on address specifications Also ...

Page 555: ...1234 Cause Occurrence counts may be from 1 to 65535 Action Reenter the command with a valid occurrence count Invalid option or operand Error 300 Invalid option or operand option Error 305 Cause You have specified an incorrect option to a command option if printed indicates the incorrect option Action Use online help by typing help command or command Reenter the command with the correct syntax Refe...

Page 556: ...rect syntax Action Make sure that you enter the global or user symbol name using the correct syntax When specifying a global symbol make sure that you precede the global symbol with a colon for example global_symbol When specifying a symbol you created make sure that you enter the name correctly without a colon Invalid syntax for local symbol or module symbol module Error 876 Cause This error occu...

Page 557: ... define a new label using the tlb command and then reenter the analyzer command using the newly defined label Loaded deMMUer file FILE Cause This is a status message It indicates that the deMMUer was successfully loaded from a configuration file Loaded deMMUer from MMU translation tables Cause This is a status message It indicates that the deMMUer was successfully loaded from the MMU translation t...

Page 558: ...rrupt stack the master stack or both Master stack is located in ROM address Error 151 Cause You issued a command to run the target program but when the emulator attempted to write to one of your stacks it detected that the stack address is in memory mapped as ROM and you enabled breaks on writes to ROM The monitor exits your target program by executing an RTE instruction Depending upon whether or ...

Page 559: ...om the monitor Action Use the display registers and modify registers commands to set the stack pointer to an even value that points at a memory region emulation or target RAM that can be used for stack operations before running your program Or you can modify the emulation configuration and respecify the memory map to RAM for the address range containing the interrupt stack the master stack or both...

Page 560: ...tion If breaks are occurring continuously you may wish to disable some of the break conditions Memory search aborted next address address Error 756 Cause One of these messages is displayed if a break occurs during processing of the copy memory or modify memory commands The break could result from any of the break conditions or could have resulted from a CTRL c break Action Retry the operation If b...

Page 561: ...itor address specified within the emulation configuration Action Change the monitor address within the emulation configuration or link your custom monitor at the address specified in the configuration Monitor operation interrupted by target system Error 173 Cause Your attempt to execute a monitor command was aborted when the target system preempted the monitor and did not return control When the f...

Page 562: ...because you tried to specify a local symbol name without specifying the module name where the symbol is located Action Enter the module name where the local symbol is located followed by a colon and then the local symbol name No monitor configured Error 174 Cause You configured monitor none and you tried to break into the monitor or execute a command that requires use of the monitor Action Either ...

Page 563: ...ed to set a breakpoint in target ROM or use the force hardware option to set a breakpoint in target RAM and all eight hardware breakpoint resources are already in use Action Review your present set of breakpoints to see if you can delete one or more of the hardware breakpoints that are presently set No more than eight hardware breakpoints can be set at any one time one per aligned long word Only o...

Page 564: ...ure the program counter is set to an address in RAM or ROM before you attempt to run your program Range resource in use Error 1221 Cause This error occurs when you attempt to redefine the complex configuration range resource while it is currently being used as a qualifier in the trace specification Action In the complex configuration display the sequencer specification to see where the range resou...

Page 565: ...ause The HP 64700 received a different number of records than it expected to receive during a transfer operation Action Retry the transfer If the failure is repeated make sure the data communications parameters are set correctly on the host and on the HP 64700 See the HP 64700 Series Card Cage Installation Service Guide for details Register access aborted Error 630 Cause Occurs when a CTRL c is en...

Page 566: ...ges When two emulation memory modules are installed the emulator requires seven of these resources to map all of the emulation memory Target memory ranges require either zero or one resource depending on whether or not use of the transfer cache inhibit attribute matches its use in the Default Memory Type term For example if Default Memory Type is mapped to target RAM and the Transfer Cache Inhibit...

Page 567: ... 171 Cause During a monitor command some problem caused the processor to stop running bus cycles Action Use the emulation bus analyzer to determine what caused the problem and try to work around them If you are using the demo board make sure the reset flying lead from the probe is connected to the demo board Request failed no target power Error 171 Cause You do not have proper power applied to you...

Page 568: ...ted to real time runs Error 40 Cause While the emulator is restricted to real time execution you have attempted to enter a command that requires a temporary break to the monitor for processing such as a request to display target system memory locations The emulator will not allow temporary breaks while the emulator is in the reset state or while the target program is running Action Break to the mo...

Page 569: ...rt the sequence term and respecify the primary branch expression for that term Sequence term number out of range term Error 1224 Cause This error occurs when a sequencer qualification command specifies a non existent sequence term The easy configuration sequencer may have a maximum of four sequence terms Eight sequence terms exist in the complex configuration sequencer Action Reenter the command u...

Page 570: ...again Specified breakpoint not in list address Error 663 You tried to enable a software breakpoint that was not previously defined address prints the address of the breakpoint you attempted to enable Insert the breakpoint into the table and memory Stack pointer is odd Error 80 Cause You tried to modify the stack pointer to an odd value and the emulator expects the stack to be aligned on a word bou...

Page 571: ...iptions of the accompanying error messages to find out more about why stepping failed Stored deMMUer file FILE Cause This is a status message It indicates that a deMMUer configuration file was successfully stored Symbol cannot contain text after the wildcard Error 879 Cause You tried to include text after the wildcard specified in the symbol name for example symbol text Action Enter the symbol aga...

Page 572: ... your target system to understand why it is sending the TEA for the specified address Target failed to terminate bus cycle address long read Error 170 Cause You attempted to break or reset into the monitor and the target system failed to terminate a bus cycle with TA or TEA Normally the emulator will force bus cycle termination for the target system in order to break into the monitor However the e...

Page 573: ...ature may cause modification of the current trigger position value Action Correct the delay value in your specification so that it is within the range of 0 through current analyzer depth 1 Trigger position changed to accomodate trig1 trig2 delay spec Status 1203 Cause The terminal interface tgout trigger output command provides a delay feature that allows for driving of the trig1 and or trig2 sign...

Page 574: ... Trigger position out of bounds bounds Error 1202 Cause This error occurs when you attempt to specify a number of lines to appear either before or after the trigger which is greater than the number of lines allowed The bounds string indicates the incorrect range you typed not the correct limits on the range Action Be sure that the trigger position specified is within the range 1024 to 1023 or 512 ...

Page 575: ...tor Trig2 signal cannot be driven and received Error 1303 Cause This error occurs when you attempt to specify the internal trig2 signal as the trace arm condition while the same analyzer s trigger output is currently driving the trig2 signal This error also occurs if you attempt to specify that the trigger output drive the internal trig2 signal while that signal is currently specified as the arm c...

Page 576: ... controller use the break command to break to the monitor If reset by the target system release that reset If halted try reset and break to get to the monitor If there is a bus grant wait for the requesting device to release the bus before retrying the command If there is no clock input perhaps your target system is faulty It s also possible that you have configured the emulator to restrict to rea...

Page 577: ...he register read Unable to redefine label used by emulation analyzer label Error 1108 Cause This error occurs when you attempt to redefine an emulation trace label that is currently used as a qualifier in the emulation trace specification Action Display the emulation trace sequencer specification in the easy configuration display the emulation trace patterns in the complex configuration or display...

Page 578: ...he emulator is executing Unable to run after CMB break Error 606 Cause System failure or target condition Action Run performance verification pv command and check target system Unable to run HP64783 performance verification tests Error 178 Cause You entered the pv command but the emulator was unable to start performance verification because the firmware did not identify the probe as being the MC68...

Page 579: ...ode before assembly and link and then reinsert them using the breakpoint command If this message was received after you enabled the MMU read Execution Breakpoint Problems in Chapter 10 Using Memory Management Undefined software breakpoint breakpoint address Async_Stat 605 Cause This status message indicates a breakpoint instruction was executed and the emulator stopped target execution and started...

Page 580: ...e to disassemble its trace memory with its present firmware Update HP64700 system firmware to A 04 00 or newer Error 176 Cause This error occurred because your system firmware is out of date Action Refer to Chapter 20 Installing Updating Emulator Firmware You must update the firmware to the version number specified in the message or newer firmware version number Your system is not usable with its ...

Page 581: ...get ROM the emulator interrupted target execution and began running in the monitor This only occurs if you enabled breaks on writes to ROM When the MMU is enabled the address displayed in this message will be physical as denoted by the trailing a after the function code Chapter 12 Emulator Error Messages Write to ROM break ROM address Async_Stat 628 551 ...

Page 582: ...552 ...

Page 583: ...13 Setting X Resources 553 ...

Page 584: ...pearance or behavior of certain elements in the graphical interface When the graphical interface starts up it reads resource specifications from a set of configuration files Resources specifications in later files override those in earlier files Files are read in the following order 1 The application defaults file For example usr lib X11 app defaults HP64_Softkey when the operating system is HP UX...

Page 585: ...eme files located in directory XAPPLRESDIR HP64_schemes 8 User defined scheme files located in directory HOME HP64_schemes note the dot in the directory name Scheme files group resource specifications for different displays computing environments and languages This chapter shows you how to Modify the Graphical User Interface resources Use customized scheme files Set up custom action keys Set initi...

Page 586: ...erface if it is different from the platform where the application is running HP64_Softkey colorScheme BW Color custom Names the color scheme file HP64_Softkey sizeScheme Small Large custom Names the size scheme file which defines the fonts and the spacing used HP64_Softkey labelScheme Label LANG custom Names to use for labels and pushbutton text The default uses the LANG environment variable if it...

Page 587: ...tionKeysSub keyDefs paired list of strings Specifies the text that should appear on the action key pushbuttons and the commands that should be executed in the command line area when the action key is pushed Refer to the To set up custom action keys section for more information proc dirSelectSub entries list of strings Specifies the initial values that are placed in the File Context Directory popup...

Page 588: ...ff command to check for differences between the new HP64_Softkey application defaults file and the old application defaults file that is saved as usr hp64000 lib X11 HP64_schemes old HP64_Softkey 2 Modify the temporary file Modify the resource that defines the behavior or appearance that you wish to change For example to change the number of lines in the main display area to 36 vi HP64_Softkey tmp...

Page 589: ...you can check by entering the xrdb query command use the xrdb command to add the resources to the RESOURCE_MANAGER property For example xrdb merge nocpp HP64_Softkey tmp Otherwise if the RESOURCE_MANAGER property does not exist append the temporary file to your HOME Xdefaults file For example cat HP64_Softkey tmp HOME Xdefaults 4 Remove the temporary file 5 Start or restart the Graphical User Inte...

Page 590: ...xample cp usr hp64000 lib X11 HP64_schemes HP UX Softkey Color HOME HP64_schemes HP UX Softkey MyColor Note that if your custom scheme file has the same name as the default scheme file the load order requires resources in the custom file to explicitly override resources in the default file 3 Modify the HOME HP64_schemes platform Softkey scheme file For example you could modify the HOME HP64_scheme...

Page 591: ... default scheme files you must modify these resource settings so that your customized scheme files are used instead of the default scheme files For example to use the HOME HP64_schemes HP UX Softkey MyColor color scheme file you would set the HP64_Softkey colorScheme resource to MyColor HP64_Softkey colorScheme MyColor Refer to the previous To customize Graphical User Interface resources section f...

Page 592: ...ecuted by using an exclamation point prefix A second exclamation point ends the command string and allows additional options on the command line Also command files can be executed by placing the name of the file in the command definition Finally an empty action means to repeat the previous operation whether it came from a pulldown a dialog a popup or another action key Examples To set up custom ac...

Page 593: ... default number of visible lines in the popup is 12 The entries resource is defined as a list of strings see the following example Up to 40 unique values are saved in each of the recall buffers as specified by the resource settings XcRecall maxDepth 40 and XcRecall onlyUnique True File Context Symbols symSelect textColumns symSelect listVisibleItemCount symSelectSub entries Trace Trace Spec modtra...

Page 594: ...ulators modify the m68040 dirSelectSub entries resource m68040 dirSelectSub entries HOME users project1 users project2 68020 Refer to To modify the Graphical User Interface resources earlier in this chapter for more detailed information on modifying resources Chapter 13 Setting X Resources To set initial recall buffer values 564 ...

Page 595: ... appears in the pulldown menu demoPopupSub indexFile Xdemo Index topics Specifies the file containing the list of topic and file pairs demoPopup textColumns 30 Specifies the width in characters of the demo topic list popup demoPopup listVisibleItemCount 10 Specifies the length in lines of the demo topic list popup demoTopic About demos Specifies the default topic in the demo popup selection buffer...

Page 596: ...uffer The mechanism for providing demos and tutorials in the graphical interface is identical The following steps show you how to set up demos or tutorials in the Graphical User Interface 1 Create the demo or tutorial topic files and the associated command files Topic files are simply ASCII text files You can use I to produce inverse video in the text U to produce underlining in the text and N to ...

Page 597: ...83A 3 Set the enableDemo or enableTutorial resource to True 4 Define the demo index file by setting the demoPopupSub indexFile or tutorialPopupSub indexFile resource For example demoPopupSub indexFile users guest gui_demos index You can use absolute paths for example users guest Index paths relative to the directory in which the interface was started for example mydir indexfile or paths relative t...

Page 598: ...568 ...

Page 599: ...14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface Using the emulator analyzer interface on the SPARCsystem 569 ...

Page 600: ...n about use of the emulator on the SPARCsystem Cross referencing HP product numbers used on HP UX and SunOS versions of the 68040 emulator A description of how the emulator analyzer uses the keys on your SPARCsystem keyboard Chapter 14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface 570 ...

Page 601: ...rocessor Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface for use with HP 64783A B C cross compiler cross assembler linker debugger simulator debugger emulator Software Performance Analyzer HP Branch Validator 1 Support for HP 9000 and SunOS can be obtained by ordering the following options to the above product numbers Option AAV Option AAX Option AAY SunOS version media and documentation HP 9000 30...

Page 602: ... char Ins For SunView and xterm windows only Does not work in OpenWindows windows next page PgDn prev page PgUp roll up Shift for xterm only roll down Shift for xterm only roll left Shift for xterm only roll right Shift for xterm only up arrow down arrow left arrow right arrow home Home anti home End carriage return Enter Chapter 14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface Us...

Page 603: ..._recall Control B BK_recall Control R eof Control D refresh Control L other Control X sigint Control C sigquit Control end release kill Control Z Do not use Disabled in xterm window created by hp64term softkey 1 F1 softkey 2 F2 Chapter 14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface Using your SPARCsystem keyboard 573 ...

Page 604: ...unction Press this key softkey 3 F3 softkey 4 F4 softkey 5 F5 softkey 6 F6 softkey 7 F7 softkey 8 F8 Chapter 14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface Using your SPARCsystem keyboard 574 ...

Page 605: ...he Sk1 label over the F1 key If you exported KEYMAP sun 2 9 or KEYMAP xterm 2 9 then place the Sk1 label over the F2 key The roll keys only work in xterm windows R means to hold down the control key while pressing R Chapter 14 The SPARCsystem Graphical User Interface and Softkey Interface Keyboard template 575 ...

Page 606: ...576 ...

Page 607: ...15 Microtec Language Tools Used With MC68040 Emulators Using the emulator analyzer with Microtec language tools 577 ...

Page 608: ...ng important information about use of Microtec language tools with the 68040 emulator analyzer A comparison of the names of Microtec and HP executables Microtec commands Assembler defaults Linker defaults Librarian defaults Chapter 15 Microtec Language Tools Used With MC68040 Emulators 578 ...

Page 609: ...m68k lnk68k lib68k mcc68k as68040 ld68040 ar68040 cc68040 B3641 B3641 B3641 B3640 The emulator and Softkey Interface are designed to work with the HP Advanced Cross Language System Microtec s language tools are quite similar to the HP language tools The input syntax and code generated by the HP and Microtec assemblers linkers and librarians are identical with few exceptions Microtec uses a license...

Page 610: ... filename c lnk68k m fd H filename L c filename k filename o filename MAP To assemble a file to generate an HP MRI IEEE 695 x absolute file use the following commands asm68k o filename o f d case filename s lnk68k fi o filename x c filename k filename o To compile a C program to generate an HP MRI IEEE 695 x absolute file use the following commands mcc68k Wl m fd g I usr hp64000 include 68xxx efil...

Page 611: ...rate local symbols The HP assembler places global symbols put in the debug part by default There is no way to do this with Microtec s asm68k This information is needed by emul700 SRU to correctly scope symbols Thus you will find that some symbols may be incorrectly scoped when using the emulator with the Microtec assembler Linker defaults You should be aware of these differences between lnk68k and...

Page 612: ...ults ar68k uses a as the default library suffix lib68k uses lib as the default library suffix The Microtec MCC68K compiler mcc68k is very different from cc68k Study the Microtec documentation if you need specific information about mcc68k To get db68k to work with mcc68k output you need to add the following to your profile HP64_DEBUG_PATH path to source files export HP64_DEBUG_PATH If this is not d...

Page 613: ...16 Specifications and Characteristics 583 ...

Page 614: ...ed The maximum external clock speed of the HP 64783A is 33 MHz and of the HP 64783B is 40 MHz The emulator runs without wait states at clock speeds up to 25 MHz Above 25 MHz one wait state is required in all bus cycles and between burst transfers Motorola JTAG HP 64783A B does not support Motorola JTAG Therefore no specifications are given for Motorola JTAG in this manual Chapter 16 Specifications...

Page 615: ...oltage VCC 0 3 to 5 5 V Input Voltage Vin 0 5 to 5 5 V Maximum Operating Ambient Temperature TA 45 o C Minimum Operating Ambient Temperature TA 0 o C Storage Temperature Range Tstg 40 to 70 o C Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics HP 64783A B Maximum Ratings 585 ...

Page 616: ...0 5 2 4 V An CIOUT Dn LOCK LOCKE SIZx TDO TMx TLNx TTx UPAx BB R W TIP TS TA ITSI 50 100 200 50 100 200 µA Output High Voltage IOH 32 mA An Dn SIZx TTx UPAx LOCK LOCKE TLNx CIOUT TMx PSTx RSTO BR MI BG reset flying lead IOH 3 2 mA R W TS TIP BB TA IPEND VOH 2 0 2 4 V Output Low Voltage IOL 64 mA An Dn SIZx TTx UPAx LOCK LOCKE TLNx CIOUT TMx PSTx RSTO BR MI BG reset flying lead IOL 24 mA R W TS TIP...

Page 617: ...ectrical Specifications BCLK and PCLK have additional input current and capacitance loading because of RC terminations Refer to their equivalent circuit diagrams for details The numbers given in the HP 64783A B Electrical Specifications table do not include the RC terminations Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics HP 64783A B Electrical Specifications 587 ...

Page 618: ... 4b1 PCLK Pulse Width Low Measured at 1 5 V 9 50 10 50 7 8 5 75 6 75 ns 5 BCLK Cycle Time 40 60 30 60 25 50 ns 6 7 BCLK Rise and Fall Time 4 3 3 ns 8 BCLK Duty Cycle Measured at 1 5 V 40 60 40 60 40 60 8a1 BCLK Pulse Width High Measured at 1 5 V 16 24 12 18 10 15 ns 8b1 BCLK Pulse Width Low Measured at 1 5 V 16 24 12 18 10 15 ns 9 PCLK BCLK Frequency Stability 1000 1000 1000 ppm 10 PCLK to BCLK Sk...

Page 619: ...CLK to Output Low Impedance 3 3 3 ns 21 BCLK to Data Out High Impedance 9 32 6 5 27 5 25 24 5 ns 262 BCLK to Multiplexed Address Valid n a n a n a n a n a n a ns 272 BCLK to Multiplexed Address Driven n a n a n a ns 282 BCLK to Multiplexed Address High Impedance n a n a n a n a n a n a ns 292 BCLK to Multiplexed Data Driven n a n a n a ns 302 BCLK to Multiplexed Data Valid n a n a n a n a n a n a ...

Page 620: ... 5 22 5 5 25 21 ns 50 BCLK to IPEND PSTx RSTO Valid 9 25 6 5 22 5 5 25 21 ns Notes 1 Output timing is given for output drivers specified in the DC specs Refer to the table of HP 64783A B Electrical Specifications Large small buffer mode select has no effect 2 Address multiplex mode is not supported Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics HP 64783A B Output AC Timing Specifications 590 ...

Page 621: ...o BCLK Setup 15 15 14 ns 22c TCI Valid to BCLK Setup 15 15 14 ns 22d TBI Valid to BCLK Setup 15 15 14 ns 23 BCLK to TA TEA TCI TBI Invalid Hold 2 2 2 ns 24 AVEC Valid to BCLK Setup 10 10 10 ns 25 BCLK to AVEC Invalid Hold 2 2 2 ns 311 DLE Width High n a n a n a ns 321 Data In Valid to DLE Setup n a n a n a ns 331 DLE to Data In Invalid Hold n a n a n a ns 341 BCLK to DLE Hold n a n a n a ns 351 DL...

Page 622: ...BCLK to BB BG CDIS IPLx MDIS Invalid Hold 2 2 2 ns 44a Address Valid to BCLK Setup 12 12 12 ns 44b SIZx Valid to BCLK Setup 13 13 13 ns 44c TTx Valid to BCLK Setup 13 13 13 ns 44d R W Valid to BCLK Setup 10 10 10 ns 44e SCx Valid to BCLK Setup 16 16 13 ns 45 BCLK to Address SIZx TTx R W SCx Invalid Hold 2 2 2 ns 46 TS Valid to BCLK Setup 14 14 12 ns 47 BCLK to TS Invalid Hold 2 2 2 ns 49 BCLK to B...

Page 623: ...2 BCLK to RSTI Invalid 2 2 2 ns 532 Mode Select Setup to RSTI Negated n a n a n a ns 542 RSTI Negated to Mode Selects Invalid n a n a n a ns Notes 1 Data Latch mode is not supported 2 Mode selects are not used Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics HP 64783A B Input AC Timing Specifications 593 ...

Page 624: ...Emulator Weight HP 64783A B 8 2 kg 18 lb Any component used in suspending the emulator must be rated for 30 kg 65 lb capacity Probe alone 0 3 kg 10 oz Cable Length Emulation Control Card to Probe approximately 914 mm 36 inches Probe dimensions Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics Physical 594 ...

Page 625: ...ting 4600 m 15 000 ft Relative Humidity 15 to 95 BNC labeled TRIGGER IN OUT Output Drive Logic high level with 50 ohm load 2 0 V Logic low level with 50 ohm load 0 4 V Input 74HCT132 with 135 ohms to ground in parallel Maximum input 5 V above Vcc 5 V below ground Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics Environmental 595 ...

Page 626: ... 25 pin female type D subminiature connector RS 232 C DCE or DTE to 38 4 kbaud RS 422 DCE only to 460 8 kbaud CMB Port 9 pin female type D subminiature connector Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics Communications 596 ...

Page 627: ...Part 4 Concept Guide 597 ...

Page 628: ...Concepts Guide In This Part Part 4 of this book provides conceptual information on the X resources and the Graphical User Interface Part 4 598 ...

Page 629: ...17 X Resources and the Graphical User Interface 599 ...

Page 630: ...that control the appearance and operation of the Graphical User Interface This chapter Describes the X Window concepts surrounding resource specification Describes the Graphical User Interface s implementation of scheme files Chapter 17 X Resources and the Graphical User Interface X Resources and the Graphical User Interface 600 ...

Page 631: ...s and menu bars are Motif widgets Applications are built using a hierarchy of widgets and the application s X resource names follow this hierarchy For example Application form row done background red In the resource name above the top level widget is named after the application One of the top level widget s children is a form widget one of the form widget s children is a row column manager widget ...

Page 632: ...cal Done pushbutton only in the applic1 application you can use applic1 form row done background red Note that instance names are more specific than class names That is class names may apply to many instances of the widget The class and instance names for the widgets in the Graphical User Interface can be displayed by choosing Help X Resource Names and clicking on the All names pushbutton Wildcard...

Page 633: ...er 3 Apply to all HP64_Softkey applications but only when they are connected to a particular type of microprocessor m68040 resource value 4 Apply to a specific HP64_Softkey application connected to a specific processor perf m68040 resource value for the 68040 perf analyzer emul m68040 resource value for the 68040 emulator If all four examples above are used for a particular resource 3 will overrid...

Page 634: ...e is HP64_Softkey same as the application class name This file is well commented and contains information about each of the X resources you can modify You can easily view this file by choosing Help Topic and selecting the X Resources App Default File topic Do not modify the application defaults file any changes to this file will affect the appearance and behavior of the application for all users U...

Page 635: ...mand loads user defined resource specifications into the RESOURCE_MANAGER property If no RESOURCE_MANAGER property exists user defined resource settings are read from the HOME Xdefaults file 4 The file named by the XENVIRONMENT environment variable If the XENVIRONMENT variable is not set the HOME Xdefaults host file is read typically contains resource specifications for a specific remote host 5 Re...

Page 636: ...rmScheme Names the subdirectory for the platform specific color size and input scheme files This resource should be set to the platform on which the X server is running and displaying the Graphical User Interface if it is different from the platform where the application is running Values can be HP UX SunOS pc xview or a custom platform scheme directory name HP64_Softkey colorScheme Names the colo...

Page 637: ...play can produce 16 or more colors Softkey Large Defines the size scheme that is the window dimensions and fonts for high resolution displays 1000 pixels or more vertically Softkey Small Defines the size scheme that is the window dimensions and fonts for low resolution displays less than 1000 pixels vertically Softkey Input Defines the input scheme that is the pushbutton and key bindings for the m...

Page 638: ...OME HP64_schemes HP UX Softkey Color and modify its resource specifications You can create custom scheme files by modifying the X resource for the particular scheme and by placing the custom scheme file in the directory for user defined schemes For example if the following resource specifications are made HP64_Softkey platformScheme HP UX HP64_Softkey colorScheme MyColor The custom scheme file wou...

Page 639: ...Part 5 Installation and Service Guide 609 ...

Page 640: ...teristics of the target microprocessor and those of the emulator Install the emulator hardware into the card cage It also shows how to install the demo board power cable SRAM modules rivets and covers and the emulator probe cable Then it shows you how to connect the probe to the demo board and verify performance of the hardware Use the progflash program to ensure software compatibility Part 5 610 ...

Page 641: ...18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Things you need to know to successfully connect the emulator to a target system and overcome problems you may encounter 611 ...

Page 642: ...ts of each processor signal are shown later in this chapter The impacts of these circuits are calculated and presented in the emulator specifications listed in Chapter 16 Specifications and Characteristics In the ideal case you would use the emulator specifications listed in this manual when designing your target system instead of using the processor specifications In the typical case your target ...

Page 643: ...nal with a 50 duty cycle All timing is referenced from the rising edge of BCLK The PCLK clock is also internally regenerated therefore the emulator is not sensitive to this signal Both the BCLK and PCLK signals are terminated on the emulator The terminations are placed on these signals even though the emulator causes only a short electrical stub so that accessories such as the flexible cable can b...

Page 644: ... circuits shown on this page and the next help you understand connection requirements between the emulator probe and your target system Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Plugging The Emulator Into A Target System 614 ...

Page 645: ...Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Plugging The Emulator Into A Target System 615 ...

Page 646: ...pe the following command telnet hostname Where hostname is the name of the emulator You could use the Internet Protocol IP address or internet address in place of the emulator name if desired For example telnet 15 35 226 210 You should see messages similar to Trying Connected to 15 35 226 210 Escape character is After you connect to the emulator you should see a prompt similar to R This command li...

Page 647: ...o that the emulator can be plugged directly into the target socket there are several accessories available to help with the connection These accessories are Stacking pin protectors PGA rotators available from Emulation Technology PGA to PGA Flexible Adapter see below HP Part Number E3429A Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Plugging The Emulator Into A Target System 617 ...

Page 648: ... In addition the signal will pulse low when a r rst or rst m command is issued if the emulator is not already in the reset state The signal carried by the Reset Flying Lead is intended to be used to initialize circuitry in your target system that would normally be reset along with the processor see below The example circuit shows the emulator reset signal being ANDed with a target system reset sig...

Page 649: ...ing analyzer may be fast enough but faster is better The oscilloscope should have a single shot bandwidth greater than 500 MHz You may also need to cross trigger these instruments from the emulator If there are no trigger inputs to the timing analyzer you can probably use a timing channel The BNC trigger output of the 64700 emulation card cage provides a rising edge TTL signal When making measurem...

Page 650: ...e Otherwise go to step 2 1 Turn on power to the emulator 2 Check the emulator prompt by pressing the carriage return key The prompt should be p A prompt of indicates a software compatibility problem Correct problems indicated in error messages seen in the emulator error log or check the software version using the ver command for more information 3 Configure the emulator by entering the following c...

Page 651: ...t there are a few situations where the system will be working properly and the prompt will be something different If the bus is taken away from the MC68040 often or for long periods of time the emulator can display the g prompt or alternate between g and U If the MC68040 is running code in its internal cache for long periods of time the emulator may display the b prompt The emulator may alternate ...

Page 652: ...els edges and duty cycle If you suspect the clock compare it to the target system clock without the emulator If there is a significant difference you may need to adjust the target system terminations to account for the emulator s termination If the prompt is r either the target system never released reset or the target system reset itself because of some program error condition If no bus cycles we...

Page 653: ... lines and reset signal are synchronous to the clock and have to be valid for all rising edges of BCLK Check timing inputs to the emulator such as TA TEA and TBI for setup and hold violations The b prompt is not a normal condition for the processor when you find no functional reason It usually indicates that the processor has malfunctioned One possible cause of a b prompt is the processor missing ...

Page 654: ...the bus cycle did not complete must be determined as described next There are many reasons why bus cycle interaction between a target system and an emulator may fail Usually the cause is that the target system missed the start of cycle indication from the emulator or that the emulator missed the cycle termination indication from the target system For a better idea of what is going on refer to the ...

Page 655: ...tor does not add this wait state but will not accept a TA from the target system until after a wait state has been added If TA is asserted by the target system during the wait state period and is then deasserted before the emulator allows termination the bus cycle will never complete This particular example can be easily duplicated on the demo board by configuring for wait states and interlocking ...

Page 656: ... the offending cycle verify that TA is present for a valid rising clock edge taking into account a wait state if running faster than 25 MHz If TA looks reasonably correct verify the setup and hold specifications If TA occurs but on an invalid clock edge you may need to make modifications to the target system to ensure that there is at least one wait state in target cycles If TA is not asserted at ...

Page 657: ...emulator has wait states enabled a wait state is required between each of the data transfers in the burst cycle Evaluating the timing is the same as for a normal cycle Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Verifying Operation Of The Emulator In Your Target System 627 ...

Page 658: ... signals for proper functionality and timing Refer to the bus arbitration diagram below Remember that the analyzer does not trace alternate bus master cycles while the emulator is reset but it does once the emulator is running Chapter 18 Connecting the Emulator to a Target System Verifying Operation Of The Emulator In Your Target System 628 ...

Page 659: ...r may be stuck in the middle of a cycle Check the cycle strobes TS TA and TEA These strobes do not have to be asserted during alternate master accesses but if TS is shown to the processor then TA needs to be shown to end the cycle While the processor is reset the only item of concern is signal quality If some cycles are shown in the trace list but no cycles are occuring now the processor executed ...

Page 660: ...mediately double bus fault You should verify that the data captured by the analyzer is what is expected If the data for the vectors is wrong a trace should be set up to check for access problems during the fetch of the initial vectors If the data is completely incorrect suspect an address or strobe timing problem If only a few bits are wrong or if the data in the trace is correct suspect a data ti...

Page 661: ... exception This exception was an address error caused because the vector supplied for the illegal instruction handler was odd The double bus fault occured when the vector supplied for the address error handler was also odd Other things that can cause a double bus fault are bus errors that occur during exception stacking or vector fetch Keep in mind that bus errors can happen because the the target...

Page 662: ...n unique timing requirements Fixing timing problems When a timing problem is identified you must decide how to fix it First examine the signal to make sure that signal quality is not affecting the timing Look for AC or DC drive problems or reflections caused by transmission line problems If you can find no other solution to the problem you may have to lower the clock speed If the timing problem on...

Page 663: ... by entering the following commands cf mon none cf cache en cf mmu en cf ti en cf wait en dis as appropriate for the target system 4 Map dual port memory with the following command map 0 0fff eram dp lock This maps a block of emulation memory starting at address 0 so that the reset vectors will be accessed from this block The block is configured to be interlocked to the target system strobes becau...

Page 664: ...target system operation is as it should be If the target system appears to work properly go ahead to the paragraph titled Installing a Monitor If you suspect problems return to Verifying System Operation in the previous paragraphs Keep in mind that the emulator must receive strobes from the target system for emulation memory accesses to complete Also because these cycles are from internal emulatio...

Page 665: ... Run your target program by following the procedure in the previous steps 2 Reset the emulation processor and run your program using the emulator commands r rst Note that the r rst command pulses the processor reset line 3 Verify correct operation If your program does not run correctly after performing the above procedure your target system has other circuitry besides the processor that must be re...

Page 666: ...rget system can initiate a reset without the knowledge of the emulator A reset that is initiated by your target system will reset the emulator If the emulator was running your target program at the time of the reset then when your system releases reset the emulator will run as if an r rst command had been issued If the emulator was executing in the monitor at the time of the reset it will return t...

Page 667: ...ough the background monitor does not show its cycles to the target system the initial vector fetch cycles are shown to the target system and interlocked with the target system strobes Cycles not shown to the target system are called background cycles All other cycles are called foreground cycles Resetting into the background monitor There are three ways to initially get into the background monitor...

Page 668: ...t system Check these cycles for problems STATUS 170 Emulator terminated hung bus cycle 000000000 sd long read STATUS 170 Emulator terminated hung bus cycle 000000004 sd long read If you see a g prompt the background monitor is not compatible with this type of target system Go to the paragraph titled Installing the Foreground Monitor If you get the prompt or something other than the M prompt this i...

Page 669: ...r operation will be affected immediately although there may be no apparant symptoms if reset is only asserted temporarily because the monitor will be reentered as soon as reset is deasserted If you suspect a problem with a keep alive circuit there is a configuration option that can make the background monitor periodically cause a read access to a particular address If you do need a particular addr...

Page 670: ...m does not malfunction However the monitor does not read back write cycles to check the integrity of the data written When testing memory accesses the data should be checked to make sure that it is correct M m 0badad 0000badad ffdf00ff If your target memory does not respond to a bus cycle the monitor will force termination of the cycle and report this error message STATUS 170 Emulator terminated h...

Page 671: ...he program running using the following commands tg addr long aligned target program starting address t The trigger address must be long aligned because the MC68040 always fetches instructions as long words from long word boundaries 5 Run the program with the command r 6 Verify correct operation of the program Assuming that the program ran without the monitor the stack is most likely the cause of a...

Page 672: ...terrupt stack pointer is odd or uninitialized ERROR 610 Unable to run This message indicates that the stack pointer is invalid Only word aligned stack pointers are allowed with the emulator If this error is seen the run will not be attempted ERROR 170 Target bus error 0000000e8 sd ERROR 610 Unable to run This message indicates a bus error occured during the stack write This behavior could be cause...

Page 673: ...e FOUR WORD STACK frame and the monitor always uses 07C as the vector offset When running a program from the monitor after entering from reset the powerup status word of 2700 is used Therefore the only difference you will see in this stack frame will be because of different initial program counter values The procedure of setting the initial stack pointer and initial program counter can be automate...

Page 674: ...background monitor may access foreground memory during its operation While the emulator is in the background monitor no target interrupts are serviced The interrupt signals from the target system are ignored while in the background monitor The emulator will not respond to these signals in any way while in the monitor If the signals are still present when the monitor is exited they will be serviced...

Page 675: ...l be corrupted Exiting the background monitor If the procedures described in the preceding paragraphs gave satisfactory results you should be able to resume execution of the target program You may want to take a trace of the monitor exit procedure to verify that it is completed correctly r If the target system and emulator do not work correctly after exiting the background monitor the problem may ...

Page 676: ...not be modified for some other reason special hardware resources on the emulator will interject a breakpoint instruction when that address is fetched b bp instruction address If you suspect a problem occurred during the setting of the breakpoint you can use the analyzer to watch the breakpoint being set The easiest way to do this is to store qualify your trace on the address where you are setting ...

Page 677: ...write stack PC high 3 000000ec 0008 sdata word write stack PC low 4 00000010 00000690 sdata long read vector fetch 5 000000e8 2700 sdata word write stack SR 6 00000690 11FC0004 mon sprog long read monitor 7 00000694 01186000 mon sprog long read The only unique portion of a breakpoint entry is the breakpoint acknowledge cycle so any problems that you see will probably be related to this cycle Becau...

Page 678: ...0000008 sdata long write trace stack addr 7 000000ea 2024 sdata word write trace stack format 6 000000e6 0000 sdata word write trace stack PC up 5 000000e8 0008 sdata word write trace stack PC low 4 00000024 00000000 sdata long read trace vector fetch 3 000000e4 A700 sdata word write trace stack SR 2 00000000 000000F0 sprog long read trace prefetch 1 00000004 00000008 sprog long read trace prefetc...

Page 679: ...error 0ff800024 sd ERROR 156 Unable to modify trace vector to ff800000h for single stepping ERROR 680 Stepping failed If this error occurs the vector table must be modified so that the trace vector contains an address that points to accessable memory If the vectors are in ROM perhaps the memory can be copied into emulation memory where you can modify it One way to watch what the emulator is doing ...

Page 680: ...ng the trace stack frame the exception stack frame will be used The emulator detects that and issues an error message that says stepping failed This error message does not actually indicate a problem with emulator stepping it just indicates that an exception was hit The emulator is stopped at the starting address of the exception handler and stepping can be resumed The TRAP CHK and CHK2 exceptions...

Page 681: ... physical and is writeable for supervisor program and data If the memory management scheme is dynamic the monitor page must be resident at all times In addition any pages required for stacking or vector fetches must also be resident If there is not a suitable address range in which to put the monitor the system protection schemes may need to be modified to create a place for the monitor This may b...

Page 682: ...you need certain MC68040 features then it is time to evaluate the foreground monitor The first thing to do is to enter the foreground monitor from reset Perform the following command sequence to enter the monitor 1 Reset the emulator and the target system if necessary using whatever reset procedure you determined to work 2 Configure the emulator as follows cf mon fg cf monaddr addr as appropriate ...

Page 683: ...STATUS 170 Emulator terminated hung bus cycle 000000004 sd long read If you get a w prompt for a monitor address you may have incorrectly interlocked the monitor to the target system If the monitor was correctly interlocked check to see if there is a timing problem with the target terminations for the monitor address range If you get the b prompt or something other than the M prompt suspect a fail...

Page 684: ...or is interlocked it will be affected immediately if a keep alive circuit causes a bus error If a keep alive circuit generates an interrupt or a reset it should also be immediately obvious If reset is only temporarily asserted it may not be so obvious because the emulator will return to the monitor when it is released If you suspect a problem with a keep alive circuit try using the custom foregrou...

Page 685: ...or program does not malfunction However the monitor does not read back write cycles to check the integrity of the data written When testing memory accesses check the data to make sure it is correct M m 0badad 0000badad ffdf00ff If your target memory does not respond to a bus cycle the monitor will force termination of the cycle and report this error message STATUS 170 Emulator terminated hung bus ...

Page 686: ...f the program as it is running using the following commands tg addr long aligned starting address of target program t The trigger address must be long aligned because the MC68040 always fetches instructions as long words from long word boundaries 5 Run the program with the command r 6 Verify correct operation of the program Assuming that the program ran without the monitor the stack is most likely...

Page 687: ...ccurred during the stack write This behavior can be caused if the stack is in a memory range that responds with bus error for all accesses or for write accesses Or this behavior can be caused by putting the stack where the target system fails to respond immediately the bus error is the result of a timeout Keep in mind that the stack grows down from the initial stack pointer STATUS 170 Emulator ter...

Page 688: ...Breaking into the foreground monitor The next thing to try with the foreground monitor is to see if you can break into it from your target program The emulator uses a nonmaskable interrupt interrupt 7 to break into the monitor The interrupt is generated in such a way as to not interfere with any interrupts pending in your target system The resulting interrupt acknowledge cycle is not shown to the ...

Page 689: ... long read twalk monitor 13 00000400 0000060B twalk prog long read 14 00000600 0000101b twalk prog long read 15 000016c0 4E732F0D phy sprog long read monitor 16 000016c4 4BFAFB10 phy sprog long read If you have problems trying to break into the monitor the most likely causes are that the stack pointers or vector base register do not point to valid memory Any exceptions during monitor entry will ca...

Page 690: ...f breakpoints are enabled regardless of whether the breakpoint was inserted by the emulator or not Breakpoints are enabled by the following command bc e bp Only set breakpoints on the initial word of an instruction otherwise they will not be executed and they may alter an instruction unintentionally The emulator can place a breakpoint using two methods By default the emulator will attempt to modif...

Page 691: ...fy the actual physical address being accessed The address given in the bp command must always be treated as a logical address To find the corresponding physical address use the MMU translation command Also keep in mind that the MMU may cause problems when setting the breakpoint mmu t logical breakpoint address tg any tsto addr physical breakpoint address b bp logical breakpoint address Line addr H...

Page 692: ... write stack PC low 7 00000200 0000040B mmu twalk data long read twalk vector 8 00000400 0000060B mmu twalk data long read 9 00000600 0000009F mmu twalk data long read 10 00000010 000016A2 phy sdata long read vector fetch 11 0000f0e8 2700 phy sdata word write stack SR 12 00000200 0000040B twalk prog long read twalk monitor 13 00000400 0000060B twalk prog long read 14 00000600 0000101b twalk prog l...

Page 693: ...00000 log sdata long read unstack 35 00000200 0000040B twalk prog long read twalk monitor 34 00000400 0000060B twalk prog long read 33 00000600 0000009f twalk prog long read 32 00000008 60FE0000 log sprog long read stepped inst 31 0000000c 00000000 log sprog long read 30 00000008 60FE0000 log sprog long read 29 0000000c 00000000 log sprog long read 28 0000f0ec 00000008 log sdata long write stack a...

Page 694: ...0 log sdata word write 3 0000f0dc 172E log sdata word write 4 00000010 000016A2 log sdata long read 5 0000f0d8 2704 log sdata word write 6 000016a0 007E2F0D log sprog long read 7 000016a4 4BFAFA73 log sprog long read At the end of the execution of the first target program instruction the processor takes a trace exception Stacking for this trace exception commences and at some point the modified tr...

Page 695: ...havior as well If they do not emulate this behavior stepping may fail because the trace exception will never happen The TRAP CHK and CHK2 exception handlers do not run before the trace exception is taken They will have an additional stack frame when the monitor is entered The exception stack frame will precede the normal trace stack frame Installing emulation memory The last feature of the emulato...

Page 696: ... cycle ERROR 170 Target bus error 0000badad sd ERROR 702 Emulation memory access failed If the memory is write protected by the MMU the monitor will temporarily disable this protection to complete the write This applies to both emulation memory and target memory Once emulation memory is mapped it can be tested by performing accesses from the monitor If the MMU is turned on and there are no address...

Page 697: ...19 Installation and Service 667 ...

Page 698: ...ions HP UX For Series 9000 300 and Series 9000 400 workstations the minimum supported version of the operating system is 7 03 or later For Series 9000 700 workstations the minimum supported version of the operating system is version 8 01 64700 Operating Environment The Graphical User Interface requires version A 05 00 or later of the 64700 Operating Environment The Graphical User Interface version...

Page 699: ... on Solaris 2 X ask your Hewlett Packard Sales Office if the present version of Graphical User Interface software will run on Solaris 2 X The tape uses the QIC 24 data format 64700 Operating Environment The Graphical User Interface requires version A 05 00 or greater of the 64700 Operating Environment The minimum Graphical User Interface version required is A 05 10 Hardware and Memory Any workstat...

Page 700: ...Modules for additional memory depth HP 64173A 4 Mbyte Memory Modules for additional memory depth HP 64708A Software Performance Analyzer Equipment and tools needed In order to install and use the MC68040 emulation system you need Flat blade screwdriver with shaft at least 5 inches long 13 mm approx Installation overview The steps in the installation process are 1 Install optional memory modules on...

Page 701: ...tion Service manual Instructions for installing and updating emulator firmware are covered in Chapter 20 Installing Updating Emulator Firmware Note If you already have a modular HP 64700 Series Card Cage and want to remove the 1K analyzer and install the deep analyzer in its place the analyzer firmware will be updated by your installation because the analyzer firmware is contained on the analyzer ...

Page 702: ...dule type may be installed in the banks on the analyzer card Do not use HP 64171A B or HP 64173A memory modules they are too slow If you install no memory modules the deep analyzer will have 8K maximum memory depth If you install four 256 Kbyte memory modules the analyzer will have 64K maximum memory depth If you install four 1 Mbyte memory modules the analyzer will have 256K maximum memory depth ...

Page 703: ...n the cutout in the memory module with the projection in the connector Place the memory module into the connector groove at an angle Firmly press the memory module into the connector and make sure it is completely seated Rotate the memory module forward so that the pegs on the connector fit into the holes on the memory module Make sure the release tabs at each end of the connector snap around the ...

Page 704: ...rd to J2 of the emulator probe The longest cable connects from J3 of the emulation control card to J1 of the emulator probe Make sure the cable connectors are seated There are stainless steel clips on the cable connectors these must be properly latched inside the sockets Otherwise the cables will work loose and you will see erratic operation See illustration next page step 2 1 Connect the emulator...

Page 705: ...le connectors into the sockets press inward on the connector clips so that they hook into the sockets as shown The order of connecting cables was given in step 1 Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 675 ...

Page 706: ...ds of the cables to the emulator probe Again make sure the stainless steel clips on the cable connectors are properly latched within the sockets as shown in step 2 Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 676 ...

Page 707: ...TION Do NOT stand the HP 64700 Card Cage on the rear panel You could damage the rear panel ports and connectors 1 Use a ground strap when removing or installing boards into the HP 64700 Card Cage to reduce the risk of damage to the circuit cards from static discharge A jack on the rear panel of the HP 64700 Card Cage is provided for this purpose Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardw...

Page 708: ...2 Turn the thumb screw and remove the top cover by sliding the cover toward the rear and up Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 678 ...

Page 709: ...3 Remove the side cover by unsnapping the two latches and lifting off 4 Remove the card supports Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 679 ...

Page 710: ...en the four egress thumb screws To remove emulator cards insert a flat blade screwdriver in the access hole and eject the emulator cards by rotating the screwdriver Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 680 ...

Page 711: ... the bezel about one half inch away from the front of the HP 64700 Then do the same thing on the left side of the bezel When both sides are released pull the bezel toward you approximately 2 inches Be careful because the plastic ears are easily broken on the front bezel Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 681 ...

Page 712: ...stress on the power switch extender 8 If you re removing an existing analyzer card that provides external analysis remove the right angle adapter board by turning the thumb screws counterclockwise Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 682 ...

Page 713: ...screwdriver in the access hole and eject the analyzer card by rotating the screwdriver Do not remove the system control board This board is used in all HP 64700 emulation and analysis systems Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 683 ...

Page 714: ... analyzer card face the opposite direction to the other cards To install a card insert it into the plastic guides Make sure the connectors are properly aligned then press the card into the mother board socket Ensure that each card is seated all the way into its socket If the cards can be removed with your fingers the cards are NOT seated all the way into the mother board sockets Attach the ribbon ...

Page 715: ...11 Connect the 5 V power cable to the connector in the HP 64700 front panel Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 685 ...

Page 716: ...e sure that the bottom rear groove of the front bezel is aligned with the lip as shown below 13 If you wish to install the Flash card used for updating firmware see Chapter 20 Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 686 ...

Page 717: ...14 Install the card supports 15 To install the side cover insert the side cover into the tab slots and fasten the two latches Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 687 ...

Page 718: ...stall the top cover in reverse order of its removal but make sure that the side panels of the top cover are attached to the side clips on the frame Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 688 ...

Page 719: ...autions 1 Remove plastic rivets that secure the plastic cover on the top of the emulator probe and remove the cover The bottom cover is only removed when you need to replace a defective active probe on the exchange program Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 689 ...

Page 720: ...ry modules of different sizes place the memory module with the greatest capacity in memory slot 0 to take advantage of the way memory slot 0 and memory slot 1 are divided by the emulator For example if you install a 1 Mbyte module in memory slot 0 and a 256 Kbyte module in memory slot 1 then the emulator will provide four 256 Kbyte blocks of memory in memory slot 0 and two 128 Kbyte blocks of memo...

Page 721: ...the memory module with the projection in the connector 3 Place the memory module into the connector groove at an angle 4 Firmly press the memory module into the connector and make sure it is completely seated 5 Rotate the memory module forward so that the pegs on the connector fit into the holes on the memory module 6 Make sure the release tabs at each end of the connector snap around the memory m...

Page 722: ...4 Replace the plastic cover and insert new plastic rivets supplied with the emulator to secure the cover Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 692 ...

Page 723: ... the emulator probe to the demo target system When you install the probe into the demo board be careful not to bend any of the pins Do not insert the probe of the MC68040 emulator into the demo board socket incorrectly Be very careful Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 693 ...

Page 724: ...one power wire and two ground wires When attaching the 3 wire cable to the demo target system make sure the connector is aligned properly so that all three pins are connected 3 Connect the reset flying lead from the probe to the demo board Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 694 ...

Page 725: ...shipped from the factory with a power cord appropriate for your country You should verify that you have the correct power cable for installation by comparing the power cord you received with the HP 64700 with the drawings under the Plug Type column of the following table If the cable you received is not appropriate for your electrical power outlet type contact your Hewlett Packard sales and servic...

Page 726: ...S198 ASC 90o 79 200 87 221 Gray Mint Gray Opt 902 250V 812001689 8120 1692 8120 2857 Straight CEE7 Y11 90o Straight Shielded 79 200 79 200 79 200 Mint Gray Mint Gray Coco Brown Part number shown for plug is industry identifier for plug only Number shown for cable is HP part number for complete cable including plug These cords are included in the CSA certification approval for the equipment Power C...

Page 727: ...250V 8120 4600 8120 4211 Straight SABS164 90o 79 200 79 200 Jade Gray Opt 918 100V 8120 4753 8120 4754 Straight Miti 90o 90 230 90 230 Dark Gray Part number shown for plug is industry identifier for plug only Number shown for cable is HP part number for complete cable including plug These cords are included in the CSA certification approval for the equipment Power Cord Configurations Cont d Chapte...

Page 728: ...ted at the lower left hand corner of the front panel To turn ON power to the HP 64700 push the line switch pushbutton in to the ON 1 position The power light at the lower right hand corner of the front panel will be illuminated Chapter 19 Installation and Service Installing Hardware 698 ...

Page 729: ...de for instructions on connecting the HP 64700 to a host computer via RS 422 or RS 232 or LAN and setting the HP 64700 s configuration switches RS 422 and RS 232 are only supported on HP 9000 Series 300 400 machines Chapter 19 Installation and Service Connecting the HP 64700 to a Computer or LAN 699 ...

Page 730: ...ensures that you will not miss filesets and therefore have problems with the operation of the software However you may not need or want to install certain partitions or filesets from the product media when installing the Graphical User Interface There are at least two reasons why that is so If you were shipped the HP 64801 64000 UX Operating Environment instead of the HP B1471 64700 Operating Envi...

Page 731: ... of the write protect screw If the BUSY light is not on check that the tape is installed correctly in the drive and that the drive is operating correctly 5 When the BUSY light goes off and stays off start the update program by entering etc update at the HP UX prompt 6 When the HP UX update utility main screen appears confirm that the source and destination devices are correct for your system Refer...

Page 732: ...partitions Skip to sub step 12 of these instructions 11 If you do not want to install the Graphical User Interface do the following View the filesets for the 64700 Operating Environment Mark the fileset 64700XUI with n to exclude it from installation Mark all other filesets in the partition with y to confirm installation Return to the partition screen View the filesets in the emulator specific par...

Page 733: ...fies that you loaded the correct fileset and also verifies that the customize scripts executed because this file is created from other files during the customize process 2 Examine usr lib X11 app defaults HP64_Softkey near the end of the file to confirm that there are resources specific to your emulator Near the end of the file there will be resource strings that contain references to specific emu...

Page 734: ...t HP VUE If you are running the X server under HP VUE and have not started HP VUE do so now HP VUE is a window manager for the X Window system The X server is executing underneath HP VUE Unlike the Motif Window Manager HP VUE provides a login shell and is your default interface to the HP 9000 workstation HP VUE differs slightly from other window managers in that it does not read your Xdefaults fil...

Page 735: ...tart Also you should modify the PATH environment variable to include the usr hp64000 bin directory and if you have installed software in a directory other than you need to set the HP64000 environment variable The following instructions show you how to set these variables at the UNIX prompt Modify your profile or login file if you wish these environment variables to be set when you log in The follo...

Page 736: ...wish to establish a symbolic link you can set the HP64000 variable to the full path that contains the HP 64000 software Again if you installed relative to users team you would enter HP64000 users team usr hp64000 export HP64000 3 Set the PATH environment variable to include the usr hp64000 bin directory by entering PATH PATH HP64000 bin export PATH Including usr hp64000 bin in your PATH relieves y...

Page 737: ...from the media The tape that contains the Graphical User Interface software may contain several products Usually you will want to install all of the products on the tape However to save disk space or for other reasons you can choose to install selected filesets If you plan to use the Softkey Interface instead of the Graphical User Interface you can save about 3 5 megabytes of disk space by not ins...

Page 738: ...000 bin directory and if you have installed software in a directory other than you need to set the HP64000 environment variable The following instructions show you how to set these variables at the UNIX prompt Modify your profile or login file if you wish these environment variables to be set when you log in The following instructions also assume that you re using csh if you re using sh environmen...

Page 739: ... you would enter ln s users team usr hp64000 usr hp64000 If you do not wish to establish a symbolic link you can set the HP64000 variable to the full path that contains the HP 64000 software also set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable to the directory containing run time libraries used by the HP 64000 products Again if you installed relative to users team you would enter setenv HP64000 users team usr hp...

Page 740: ...ARY_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH usr openwin lib Step 4 Verify the software installation A number of product filesets were installed on your system during the software installation process Due to the complexity of installing on NFS mounted file systems a script that verifies and customizes these products was also installed This stand alone script may be run at any time to verify that all files required by...

Page 741: ...AP sun TERMINFO usr hp64000 lib terminfo export TERMINFO The erase character needs to be set to backspace so that the Delete key can be used for delete character If you want to continue using the F1 key for HELP you can use use F2 F9 for the Softkey Interface All you have to do is set the KEYMAP variable If you use OpenWindows type setenv KEYMAP sun 2 9 If you use xterm windows the xterm window pr...

Page 742: ...Start your window system again To restart SunView windows type sunview To restart Open Windows windows type openwin The new function key settings are now active Step 7 Run the interface in a window Here are two ways to start the interface In an OpenWindows or SunView shelltool window type emul700 logical_name If you are running OpenWindows you can use the installed script to open an xterm window u...

Page 743: ... placed in the directory as part of the installation process 1 Display the 64700tab net file by entering more usr hp64700 etc 64700tab net at the HP UX prompt 2 Page through the file until you find the emulator you are going to use This step will require some matching of information to an emulator but it should not be difficult to determine which emulator you want to address Examples A typical ent...

Page 744: ... Operating Environment software you installed during the update process 1 Apply power to the emulator you wish to access after making sure the emulator is connected to the LAN or to your host system On the HP 64700 Series Emulator the power switch is located on the front panel near the bottom edge Push the switch in to turn power on to the emulator 2 Wait a few seconds to allow the emulator to com...

Page 745: ...he window may still be used 5 Optionally start additional Graphical User Interface windows into the same emulation session by repeating the previous step You can also choose to use the Softkey Interface under X Windows but you must include a command line argument to emul700 to override the default Graphical User Interface Start the Softkey Interface by entering emul700 u skemul logical name Exampl...

Page 746: ...Chapter 19 Installation and Service Verifying the Installation 716 ...

Page 747: ...ad some on line help topics What you do is not important it is important to begin getting comfortable with the interface Step 4 Exit the Graphical User Interface After you have experimented with the interface you can exit the session or continue on to the next chapters and try some of the commands given The following chapters give you instructions for performing various tasks with the interface an...

Page 748: ... Demo Board to the HP 64700 Card Cage front panel See the diagrams under Installing Hardware in this chapter 5 Connect the Reset Flying Lead from the Emulation Probe to the Demo Board See Step 4 Connect the emulator probe to the demo target system 6 Turn on power to the HP 64700 Card Cage 7 Establish communication with the emulator from your host and use the Softkey User Interface or Graphical Use...

Page 749: ...een the interface and the emulator hardware It uses the telnet capability and the Terminal Interface 1 From your host computer enter the command telnet emulator_name 2 Now enter the command pv 1 3 When your performance verification test is complete use the keyboard CTRL d keys to end the emulation session Examples Start the performance verification test routines from the Softkey User Interface wit...

Page 750: ...es Bank 0 HP64172A 20ns 256 Kbyte Memory Module HP64740 compatible PPN 64794A Deep Emulation Analyzer Version A 03 00 25Jun93 Unreleased PC Board 794 01 A1 Depth 80ch X 1K states selected 80ch x 64K states available Bank 0 HP64172A 20ns 256 Kbyte Module Bank 1 HP64172A 20ns 256 Kbyte Module Bank 2 HP64172A 20ns 256 Kbyte Module Bank 3 HP64172A 20ns 256 Kbyte Module What is pv doing to the Emulator...

Page 751: ... loopback test that includes read and write tests to the demo board The demo board also stimulates inputs to the emulator A FAIL message on the other hand indicates that one or more of the tested functions is NOT working In this event an HP field representative can either swap assemblies to isolate the failure to an individual board or replace all the major assemblies shown in the replaceable part...

Page 752: ...am you must remove certain parts and return only that part considered an exchange part When returning the Probe you must remove the cable assembly top and bottom plastic covers SRAM modules demo board Emulation Control Card exchange To replace the Emulation Control Card on the exchange program you must remove certain parts and return only that part considered an exchange part When returning the Em...

Page 753: ...83 04102 64748 68700 64762 61602 64783 66502 5181 0201 64783 69504 64783 69505 HP 64748C Emulation Control Card Subassembly Egress Panel Bracket used with Egress Panel Spacer Hex M3X6 Screw Machine M3X8 Cable 100 36 Cable 100 37 Cable 100 38 Cable Clamp Rubber Strip Emulation Control Card without external cable or egress panel Wrist strap 64748 00205 64748 01201 0515 1146 0515 0372 64748 61601 647...

Page 754: ...64794A Emulation Bus Analyzer deep card 64794 66502 64794 69502 34 pin ribbon cable 64708 61601 Analyzer Card HP 64740 with 1K memory depth 64740 66526 64740 69526 34 pin ribbon cable 64772 61602 Chapter 19 Installation and Service Parts List 724 ...

Page 755: ...20 Installing Updating Emulator Firmware 725 ...

Page 756: ...t downloads emulator firmware is included with the HP B1471 64700 Operating Environment product The firmware and the program that downloads it into the control card are also included with the 68040 emulator probe on MS DOS format floppies The floppies are for users who do not have hosted interface software Before you can update emulator firmware you must have already installed the emulator into th...

Page 757: ...s interactive If you don t include the emul_name option your computer displays the logical names in the usr hp64000 etc 64700tab net file and asks you to choose one If you don t include the products option your computer displays the products that have firmware update files on the system and asks you to choose one In the interactive mode only one product at a time can be updated You can abort the i...

Page 758: ... c 1 II of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52 227 7013 HEWLETT PACKARD Company 3000 Hanover St Palo Alto CA 94304 1181 Logical Name Processor 1 em68k m68000 2 em80960 i80960 3 m68040 m68040 Number of Emulator to Update intr usually cntl C or DEL to abort To update firmware in the HP 64700 that contains the 68040 emulator enter 3 Product 1 64700 2 64703 64704 6470...

Page 759: ...trol value FFFFH Programming voltage control mask 0H Rebooting HP64700 Checking Hardware id code Erasing Flash ROM Downloading ROM code usr hp64000 inst update 64783 X Code start 280000H should equal control ROM start Code size 29A3EH must be less than control ROM size Finishing up Rebooting HP64700 Flash programming SUCCEEDED You could perform the same update as in the previous example with the f...

Page 760: ...imilar to Copyright c Hewlett Packard Co 1987 All Rights Reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under copyright laws HP64700B Series Emulation System Version B 01 00 20Dec93 Location Flash System RAM 1 Mbyte HP64783 Motorola 68040 Emulator Version A 01 00 28Jan93 Control HP64748C Emulation Control Board Speed 40 MHz Memory 2...

Page 761: ...00 that will not boot up Repeat the firmware update process If the HP 64700 is connected to the LAN in this situation and you are unable to connect to the HP 64700 after the power glitch try repeating the firmware update with the HP 64700 connected to an RS 232 or RS 422 interface Chapter 20 Installing Updating Emulator Firmware If there is a power failure during a firmware update 731 ...

Page 762: ...732 ...

Page 763: ... Breakpoint a break from execution of your target program to execution of the emulation monitor when the emulator detects an access violation such as an attempt to write to ROM or guarded memory space The same effect can be obtained for an emulation break due to trigger recognition within the emulation bus analyzer or due to a signal from an external device supplied over the CMBT or the rear panel...

Page 764: ...test bus cycle requires 3 clocks then the analyzer clock speed bus cycle rate is 21 3 7 MHz Applications are composed of a hierarchy of widgets Arm Condition a condition that reflects the state of a signal external to the analyzer The arm condition can be used in branch or storage qualifiers External signals can be from another analyzer or an instrument connected to the CMB or BNC Assembler a prog...

Page 765: ...ecution Breakpoint and Access Breakpoint Class names names that may apply to many instances of a widget Command File a file containing a sequence of commands to be executed Compatible Mode configures the deep analyzer to provide the same memory depth as the 1K analyzer 1024 states deep when the analyzer is not configured to make a count of states or time during a measurement and 512 states deep wh...

Page 766: ... coordinated measurement is made when two or more HP 64700 emulators analyzers start executing together or break into background monitors at the same time Coordinated Measurement Bus CMB the bus that is used for communication between multiple HP 64700 Series emulators analyzers or between HP 64700 emulators analyzers and an HP 64306 IMB CMB Interface to allow coordinated measurements Counter Overf...

Page 767: ...odem Deep Analyzer in this manual deep analyzer refers to the HP 64794 Emulation Bus Analyzer with deep trace memory Downloading the process of transferring absolute files from a host computer into the emulator DTE Data Terminal Equipment a specific RS 232C hardware interface configuration Typically DTE is a terminal or printer Emulation bus Analyzer a system component built into the HP 64700 that...

Page 768: ...ecution Breakpoint a BKPT instruction placed in your software in RAM replacing the normal instruction at the RAM address Breakpoints for code in ROM are stored in emulation hardware and jammed on the emulation bus during the fetch cycle When the BKPT is executed emulation immediately transfers from execution of your target program to execution of the emulation monitor Refer to Chapter 4 Using the ...

Page 769: ...racters which indicate a device is ready to receive data that data has been sent and that data has been accepted Host Computer a computer to which an HP 64700 Series emulator can be connected A host computer may run interface programs which control the emulator Host computers may also be used to develop programs to be downloaded into the emulator Instance Name the name of a single unique widget In...

Page 770: ...ce as emulation RAM or ROM target RAM or ROM or guarded memory Monitor Program a program executed by the emulation processor that allows the emulation system controller to access system resources For example when you enter a command that requires access to your system resources the system controller writes a command code to a storage area and breaks the execution of the emulation processor from yo...

Page 771: ...ly interface used to operate an HP 64700 Series emulator Performance Verification a program that tests the emulator to determine whether the emulation and analysis hardware is functioning properly Physical Address Space the address space in hardware memory and hardware I O that is accessed by the microprocessor during normal program execution Refer to Chapter 9 Solving Problems for a detailed expl...

Page 772: ... certain kind of state but only when the arm signal from the BNC is true Real Time Execution refers to the emulator configuration in which commands that temporarily interrupt target program execution for example display modify target memory or processor registers are not allowed Relative Count in the trace list count column a relative count shows the count between the present displayed state and t...

Page 773: ...cution of states in a particular order Single step the execution of one microprocessor instruction Single stepping the emulator allows you to view program execution one instruction at a time Softkey Interface the host computer interface program used in the UNIX environment The Softkey Interface is a friendly interface used to control HP 64700 emulators Software Breakpoint refer to execution breakp...

Page 774: ...oard stdout an abbreviation for standard output Standard output can be directed to various output devices connected to the HP 64700 ports Step see Single step Store Qualifier a specification that must be met by a state before it can be saved in the analyzer trace memory Synchronous Execution the execution of multiple HP 64700 Series emulators analyzers at the same time i e multiple emulator start ...

Page 775: ...trace measurement Trigger also refers to the analyzer signal that becomes active when the trigger condition is found The trigger signals are called trig1 and trig2 They are bidirectional signal lines that can be used to coordinate measurement activity between emulators and analyzers installed in the instrumentation card cage and between instruments connected to the BNC on the rear panel of the car...

Page 776: ...ter Unlocked Exit one of two methods used to leave the high level graphical or softkey interface and return to the host computer operating system An unlocked exit command allows you to exit the high level interface and re enter later with the default configuration See also Locked Exit This is not available in the Terminal Interface User Program Another name for your target program the program you ...

Page 777: ... bars are Motif widgets Window a specified rectangular area of virtual space shown on the display in which data can be observed X Resource Specification a resource name and value The resource name identifies the element whose appearance or behavior is to be defined and the value specifies how the element should look or behave 1K Analyzer in this manual 1K analyzer refers to the HP 64703 HP 64704 a...

Page 778: ...748 ...

Page 779: ...eting reports 296 mean 296 relative and absolute counts 297 standard deviation 296 symbols within range 297 trace command setup 288 address mapping details of a single address 380 mappings in the MMU supervisor user 379 not range command 239 range file format for SPMT measurements 290 translation details of a single address 183 values 238 address range command range command 239 addresses how they ...

Page 780: ... 604 application resource See X resource architectures of virtual memory 371 ArG_lEfT with command files 86 ArG_iEfT 86 1K analyzer glossary definition of 747 B background tracing 341 bases number 233 BBA basis branch analysis storing BBA data to a file 259 binary numbers 233 bindings mouse button and keyboard 9 BKPT interlocking breakpoint acknowledge cycles 366 BKPT breakpoint vector generally 1...

Page 781: ...4 can t break into monitor example 395 capture continuous stream of execution 250 card cage applying power 695 connecting to computer or LAN 699 cautions antistatic precautions 671 apply power to emulator before target system 179 BNC accepts only TTL voltage levels 267 CMB 9 pin port is NOT for RS 232C 265 make sure translation tables are valid 375 protect against static discharge 177 rear panel d...

Page 782: ...eme 556 560 607 columns in main display area 557 command summary 410 command conventions graphical user interface 8 softkey interface 5 command files alternative directories 88 98 ArG_lEfT passing 86 ArG_lEfT 97 command line continuation 88 comments in 88 94 creating by logging commands 88 creating by using a text editor 90 directory path 98 executing 91 general information 85 99 HP64KPATH 88 98 n...

Page 783: ...mmand Recall dialog box operation 77 command select mouse button 9 commands forwarding to other interfaces 100 forwarding to software performance analyzer 101 getting online help for 65 methods to recall for edit and reuse 63 of the emulator analyzer interface 400 syntax conventions in manual 408 to execute when command is complete 64 commands to avoid terminal interface 102 comments in command fi...

Page 784: ...0 continuing command file lines 88 control c 293 coordinated measurements 271 break_on_trigger syntax of the trace command 272 definition 262 set up 265 copy local_symbols_in 415 memory 415 noheader 416 physical 416 registers 416 terminal interface screen to file 103 trace 417 copy and paste full symbol to entry buffer 129 copy command 413 418 options 414 copy and paste addresses 72 from entry buf...

Page 785: ...ing an interface window 58 decimal numbers 233 deep analyzer glossary definition of 737 definitions of terms 733 747 deMMUer command options 384 detailed discussion 383 391 how it is loaded by the emulator 385 how to enable 384 how to load reverse translations 384 its reverse translation table 388 keepint it up to date 386 out of resources what to check 363 places strange addresses in trace list 3...

Page 786: ... trace options 210 directory alternatives for command files 88 directory context changing in configuration window 309 displaying from configuration window 310 Directory Selection dialog box operation 77 disable synchronous measurements 270 display global_symbols 423 local_symbols_in 423 MMU options to display command 431 433 of single address mapped by MMU 380 of table details at a logical address...

Page 787: ...hex command 217 display trace absolute status mnemonic command 217 display trace command 201 209 228 257 display trace count absolute command 222 display trace count command 222 display trace count relative command 222 display trace depth command 227 display trace dequeue off command 215 display trace dequeue on command 215 display trace disassemble_from_line_number command 212 align_data_from_lin...

Page 788: ...ize 320 emulation memory map used by deMMUer 389 emulation memory modules installing 689 emulator break execution on signal from BNC 276 break execution on signal from CMB 275 configuration 115 configuring the 302 device table file 13 53 how it loads the deMMUer 385 in circuit use 177 179 installing updating firmware 726 introduction 112 115 multiple start stop 269 270 performance verification 718...

Page 789: ...t locked 56 enabling synchronous measurements 269 the MMU 374 the MMU in the emulator 180 186 end command options 439 440 entering graphical softkey interface commands 60 entry buffer 7 address copy and paste to 72 clearing 71 copy and paste a full symbol name into 129 copy and paste to 71 copy and paste value to the command line 75 Entry Buffer Recall dialog box 7 Entry Buffer Recall dialog box o...

Page 790: ...nitor 395 exchange part defined 722 EXECUTE CMB signal 264 tracing at 269 executing command files 91 execution breakpoints disabling 166 displaying and seeing their status 172 enabling 166 setting temporary breakpoints 168 exiting a single window in the interface 83 exiting the emulator analyzer interface 83 expressions 233 expressions ÅEXPRÅ options 441 443 F FCODE command options 444 file copyin...

Page 791: ... 234 423 displaying 125 initializing the SPMT measurement with 291 glossary 733 747 graphical user interface 6 command conventions 8 command descriptions 400 entering commands 60 how to use it 47 to use its special command features 67 guarded memory access when using MMU 393 guarded memory accesses 322 H halt of system when using MMU 394 hand pointer 7 70 hardware HP 9000 memory needs 668 HP 9000 ...

Page 792: ...PATH 88 HP64KPATH and command files 98 humidity specifications 595 hung bus cycle 154 I in circuit emulator use introduction 177 179 input scheme 556 607 installation 668 669 hardware 670 698 how to verify it is correct 713 721 HP 9000 software 700 706 of optional memory modules 672 placing boards in the card cage 677 SPARCsystem software 707 712 verifying installation of memory modules 720 instal...

Page 793: ...able 607 LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable 710 libraries Motif for HP 9000 700 668 lines in main display area 557 558 list of replaceable parts 722 724 listing the present MMU mappings 377 load command 116 options 446 448 load configuration democfg command 118 load demo command 118 load symbols command 124 load trace command 257 load trace_spec command 254 256 loading and storing introduction 1...

Page 794: ...mat 140 display in long word format 142 display repetitively 146 displaying in floating point number format 145 displaying in mnemonic format 143 displaying in real number format 145 displaying in word format 141 displaying options 427 mapping 320 329 modifying 147 re assignment of emulation memory blocks in mapper 327 redisplay locations 146 memory activity measurements SPMT 283 296 Memory conten...

Page 795: ...d composition 376 mapping 1 1 for use with MC68040 349 351 mapping details of a single address 380 restrictions when using 375 using the emulator when the MMU is enabled 180 186 where is it located 373 MMU mappings how the emulator obtains them 378 listing the present mappings 377 modifying for monitor 395 obtaining a shorter list of 378 mmu tables status information in detail 381 mnemonic display...

Page 796: ...use with MC68040 MMU 349 351 Motif HP 9000 700 requirements 668 mouse button bindings 9 mouse buttons 9 multi window copy and paste from entry buffer 75 copy and paste to entry buffer 72 N nesting command files 87 92 ÅNORMALÅ key 409 441 NOT TAKEN in trace list 216 notes CMB EXECUTE and TRIGGER signals 264 CMB interaction does not affect cross triggering 269 re assignment of emulation memory block...

Page 797: ...8 PATH UNIX environment variable 53 perf out file 457 perf out SPMT output file 292 295 perf32 SPMT report generator utility 282 293 294 interpreting reports 296 299 options 295 using the 295 performance measurements 281 300 absolute information 296 activity measurements 283 285 adding traces 292 duration 286 ending 294 457 how they are made 282 initialize options 458 459 initializing 289 initiali...

Page 798: ...ical addresses in trace list check list 364 physical logical mappings to view 181 platform HP 9000 memory needs 668 HP 9000 minimum performance 668 SPARCsystem memory needs 669 SPARCsystem minimum performance 669 platform scheme 556 606 pod commands used in high level interface 250 pod_command commandª command 104 pod_command command 106 445 options 461 462 pod_command keyboard command 104 popup m...

Page 799: ...won t work in target system 359 multiple guarded memory accesses 359 negative time or negative states in trace 358 physical memory addresses in trace list 364 365 problem types and their solutions 353 solving quick start problems 41 44 trouble mapping memory 361 unexplained states in the trace list 357 you suspect the emulator is broken 360 processor accessing memory resources 134 149 reset 158 st...

Page 800: ...MB signal 263 real number form 145 recall buffer 7 columns 563 initial content 563 564 lines 563 recalling entries 74 recursion in SPMT measurements 286 redisplay memory locations 146 registers 416 423 453 displaying 20 modify 161 to view and modify 159 162 relative glossary definition of 742 release_system end command option 308 repeat the previous trace command 249 reset command 158 options 466 ...

Page 801: ...dowing specification 243 SEQUENCING parameter options 469 470 server X 554 604 set command 107 209 228 options 471 476 set default command 225 set source off command 220 set source on command 220 set source only command 220 set symbols all command 218 set symbols high command 218 set symbols low command 218 set symbols off command 218 set symbols on 143 set symbols on command 123 133 218 set updat...

Page 802: ...tting online help on commands 65 how to use it 47 introduction to using 48 manipulating the display with control keys 80 SPARCsystem 570 softkey pushbuttons 7 software breakpoints 424 453 installation for HP 9000 700 706 installation for SPARCsystems 707 712 software breakpoints clearing all breakpoints 172 software breakpoints clearing 170 software enable for the MMU 375 software performance anal...

Page 803: ... SPARCsystem softkey interface 569 specifications altitude 595 clock 584 CMB 596 data communications 596 humidity 595 probe dimensions 594 temperature 595 trigger in out 595 weight 594 specify command options 477 478 specify run command 269 specify run disable command 270 specify trace command 269 specify trace dequeueing options 215 specify trace disassembly options 213 SPMT Software Performance ...

Page 804: ...values 238 step command 16 150 158 options 479 480 step from command 155 step silently command 155 stop_trace command 201 options 481 storage qualifier 245 defining 208 store command 119 options 482 483 store qualifier glossary definition of 744 store trace command 255 store trace_spec command 254 256 storing and loading introduction 116 122 strange addresses in trace from deMMUer 386 summary of c...

Page 805: ...00 requirements 668 SPARCsystem overview 669 SunOS minimum version 669 systems virtual memory explained 371 T table details for a single logical address 185 382 table displays MMU status information in detail 381 TAKEN NOT TAKEN and TAKEN in trace list 216 target memory access size 337 target system RAM and ROM 322 target system looses sync during breakpoint execution 366 target system probe insta...

Page 806: ...ations 248 on program halt 247 repeat the previous command 249 reset display defaults 225 restoring data 254 257 restoring specifications 254 257 saving data 254 257 saving specifications 254 257 specify sequence 240 starting 200 stopping 201 storing data 255 trace about command 207 trace after command 207 trace again command 249 256 trace arm_trig2 command 277 trace before command 207 trace break...

Page 807: ...bly 212 display around specific line number 226 display source lines 220 displaying 201 209 228 move through 225 offset addresses 224 popup menu 211 trace modify_command command 248 trace on_halt command 247 trace only command 245 trace options dialog box 210 trace prestore anything command 246 trace prestore command 246 trace signals emulation analyzer 235 trace windowing 242 tracing background o...

Page 808: ...ed software breakpoint when using MMU 395 UNIX_COMMAND options 498 UNIX commands entering 108 using in command files 86 using the softkey interface introduction 48 V values 233 verifying emulator performance 718 verifying installation of memory modules 720 version firmware 730 W wait command options 499 500 with command files 87 93 warnings power must be OFF during installation 677 weight specific...

Page 809: ...file 604 class name for applications 602 class name for widgets 602 command line options 605 commonly modified graphical interface resources 556 defined 601 603 general form 601 instance name for applications 602 instance name for widgets 601 loading order 605 modifying resources generally 556 559 RESOURCE_MANAGER property 605 scheme file system directory 607 scheme files Graphical User Interface ...

Page 810: ...X server 554 604 X Window System 54 Index 780 ...

Page 811: ...members Warranty This Hewlett Packard system product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of installation During the warranty period HP will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective Warranty service of this product will be performed at Buyer s facility at no charge within HP service travel areas Outside HP se...

Page 812: ...ts resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environment specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance No other warranty is expressed or implied HP specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Excl...

Page 813: ...ese requirements Ground The Instrument To minimize shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground The instrument is equipped with a three conductor ac power cable The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three contact electrical outlet The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet International Electrotechnical Commission IEC safet...

Page 814: ...ch have to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the apparatus in safe condition Do Not Service Or Adjust Alone Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present Do Not Substitute Parts Or Modify Instrument Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards do not install substitute parts or...

Page 815: ...conductor terminal For protection against electrical shock in case of a fault Used with field wiring terminals to indicate the terminal which must be connected to ground before operating the equipment Low noise or noiseless clean ground earth terminal Used for a signal common as well as providing protection against electrical shock in case of a fault A terminal marked with this symbol must be conn...

Page 816: ...ar situation which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product Warning The Warning sign denotes a hazard It calls your attention to a procedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly performed could result in injury or death to personnel ...

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