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Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 

Section 11: Remote operations 

 

6517B-901-01 Rev. C / August 2015 

11-7 

 

GPIB primary address selection 

The Model 6517B is shipped from the factory with a pre-programmed primary address of 27. The 
primary address may be set to any value between 0 and 30 as long as address conflicts with other 
instruments are avoided. Note that controllers are also given a primary address, so do not use that 
address either. Most frequently, controller addresses are 0 or 21, but you should consult the 
controller's instruction manual for details. Whatever primary address you choose, you must make 
certain that it corresponds with the value specified as part of the controller's programming language. 

To check the present primary address or to change to a new one, perform the following procedure: 

1. Display 

the 

MAIN MENU

 by pressing the 

MENU

 key. 

2.  Use the cursor keys to place the cursor on 

COMMUNICATION

 and press 

ENTER

. The 

COMMUNICATIONS SETUP

 menu is displayed. 

3.  Place the cursor on 

GPIB

 and press 

ENTER

. If you are switching from the RS-232 interface to 

the GPIB interface, the instrument is reset to the power-on defaults. In this case, you must repeat 
steps 1, 2 and 3 to display the 

GPIB/PRINTER SETUP

 menu. 

4.  Place the cursor on 

ADDRESS

 and press 

ENTER

. 

5.  The current primary address of the instrument is displayed. For example, if the instrument is set 

to primary address 27, the following message is displayed: ADDRESS = 27 (0-30). 

6.  To retain the displayed address, press 

EXIT

 three times to return the instrument to the 

measurement display state. 

7.  To change the primary address, use the cursor keys

 

and the 

RANGE 

keys to display the new 

address value (0 to 30). (Each device on the bus must have a unique primary address. Failure to 
observe this precaution will probably result in erratic bus operation.) The cursor keys control 
cursor position and the 

RANGE 

keys increment and decrement the selected digit. 

8.  With the desired address value displayed, press 

ENTER

. The address is stored in nonvolatile 

memory. That is, it is not lost when the instrument is turned off. 

9. Press 

EXIT

 two times to return to the measurement display state. 

 

General bus commands 

General bus commands are those commands, such as DCL, that have the same general meaning 
regardless of the instrument. The following table lists the general bus commands. 

General bus commands

 

Command 

Effect on Model 6517B 

REN 
IFC 
LLO 
GTL 
 
DCL 
SDC 
GET 
SPE, SPD 

Goes into effect when next addressed to listen 
Goes into talker and listener idle states 
LOCAL key locked out 
Cancel remote, restore front panel operation for 6517B 
Cancel remote, restore front panel operation for all 
devices 
Returns all devices to known conditions 
Returns Model 6517B to known conditions 
Initiates a trigger 
Serial Polls the Model 6517B 

 

 

Содержание 6517B

Страница 1: ...Reference Manual 6517B 901 01 Rev D February 2016 P6517B90101D 6517B 901 01 www tek com keithley Model 6517B Electrometer A Greater Measure of Confidence...

Страница 2: ...ks of Keithley Instruments All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their res...

Страница 3: ...be connected to mains These instruments will be marked as category II or higher Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications operating manual and instrument labels do not connect any instrument to...

Страница 4: ...y disposed of according to federal state and local laws The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death Always read the associated informat...

Страница 5: ...Inspection for damage 1 6 Shipment contents 1 6 Repacking for shipment 1 7 Getting started 2 1 Introduction 2 1 Front panel summary 2 1 Rear panel summary 2 3 Power up 2 5 Line power connection 2 5 L...

Страница 6: ...1 Introduction 4 1 Voltage measurements 4 1 Basic measurement procedure 4 2 Volts configuration 4 4 Voltage measurement considerations 4 6 Current measurements 4 9 Basic measurement procedure 4 10 Am...

Страница 7: ...bs ranges 5 14 Logarithmic currents 5 15 Non decade current gains 5 17 Range and resolution 5 17 Measurement range 5 17 Display resolution 5 18 Zero check relative and zero correct 5 19 Zero check 5 1...

Страница 8: ...ata elements 8 1 Configuring data storage 8 3 Data store configuration menu 8 3 Storing and recalling readings 8 6 Buffer multiple displays 8 7 Filters and math 9 1 Introduction 9 1 Filters 9 1 Digita...

Страница 9: ...el operation 11 9 Error and status messages 11 9 IEEE 488 status indicators 11 9 LOCAL key 11 10 Programming syntax 11 10 Command words 11 10 Program messages 11 13 Response messages 11 15 Message exc...

Страница 10: ...register 13 12 Service request enable register 13 13 Serial poll and SRQ 13 14 SCPI command reference 14 1 Introduction 14 1 Signal oriented measurement commands 14 1 FETCh 14 2 CONFigure function 14...

Страница 11: ...MMediate 14 45 DISPlay subsystem 14 45 TEXT commands 14 46 DATA a 14 46 STATe b 14 47 ATTRibutes 14 48 DATA 14 48 CNDisplay 14 49 SMESsage b 14 49 ENABle b 14 50 FORMat subsystem 14 50 DATA type lengt...

Страница 12: ...g b 14 82 GUARd b 14 83 ADIScharge commands 14 83 STATe b 14 83 LEVel NRf 14 84 XFEedback b 14 84 VSControl name 14 85 MSELect name 14 85 RESistivity commands 14 85 FSELect name 14 86 STHickness NRf 1...

Страница 13: ...24 KEY NRf 14 125 CLEar 14 126 DATE yr mo day 14 127 TIME hr min sec 14 127 TSTamp commands 14 127 TYPE name 14 128 RELative RESet 14 128 RNUMber RESet 14 128 Zero check and zero correct commands 14 1...

Страница 14: ...ous commands 14 153 ILINe NRf 14 153 OLINe NRf 14 153 SSYNchronous LINE NRf 14 154 RTCLock commands 14 154 DATE yr mo day 14 154 TIME hr min sec 14 155 TSEQuence subsystem 14 155 General test sequence...

Страница 15: ...14 Calibration command reference 15 17 Voltage offset calibration commands 15 17 Current offset calibration commands 15 18 Charge calibration commands 15 19 Current calibration commands 15 20 Voltage...

Страница 16: ...ode summary C 1 IEEE 488 bus overview D 1 Introduction D 1 Bus description D 2 Bus lines D 3 Data lines D 3 Bus management lines D 4 Handshake lines D 5 Bus commands D 6 Uniline commands D 7 Universal...

Страница 17: ...e Manual This section contains general information about the Keithley Instruments Model 6517B Electrometer Capabilities and features overview The Model 6517B is a 6 digit Electrometer high resistance...

Страница 18: ...sequences Remote operation using the IEEE 488 GPIB bus or the RS 232 interface Scan measure channels of an external scanner Scan measure channels of an internal scanner card for example Model 6521 or...

Страница 19: ...ial cable lengths Model Metric length Imperial length Model 7078 TRX 3 0 9 m 3 ft Model 7078 TRX 10 3 m 10 ft Model 7078 TRX 20 6 m 20 ft Model 7078 TRX TBC Connector This is a 3 lug female triaxial b...

Страница 20: ...This sensor allows the Model 6517B to make relative humidity measurements 0 to 100 Also included is an extension cable part number CA 129 1 Model 6517 TP Thermocouple with Leads This type K thermocou...

Страница 21: ...tact your local Keithley Instruments office sales partner or distributor You can also call the corporate headquarters of Keithley Instruments toll free inside the U S and Canada only at 1 800 935 5595...

Страница 22: ...tive film over the display lens which can be removed Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately Save the original packing carton for possible future shipment Before removing the Model 6517B f...

Страница 23: ...aterial Authorization RMA number please contact your local Keithley Instruments office sales partner or distributor You can also call the corporate headquarters of Keithley Instruments toll free insid...

Страница 24: ...n contains identification and descriptions of controls and components of the Keithley Instruments Model 6517B Electrometer and detailed information for powering up the Model 6517B Front panel summary...

Страница 25: ...ing functions REL Enables disables relative reading FILTER Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on off MATH Displays math calculation and toggles math on off if confi...

Страница 26: ...descriptions of the rear panel components follow Figure 2 Model 6517B rear panel 1 INPUT CONNECTOR Unguarded Configuration Disable GUARD for amps ohms coulombs and unguarded volts measurements Guarded...

Страница 27: ...he fuse needs to be replaced refer to Line fuse replacement on page 2 5 9 IEEE 488 CONNECTOR Connects the instrument to the IEEE 488 GPIB bus use shielded IEEE 488 cables 10 INTERLOCK Connects the saf...

Страница 28: ...ke sure that the front panel power switch is in the off O position Be sure that line input voltage is set to the correct range for the power supply being used to power the Model 6517B Line voltage is...

Страница 29: ...on page 2 7 If a failure is detected the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on If a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty return it to Ke...

Страница 30: ...n the buffer Error 511 GPIB address lost GPIB address is reset to factory default 27 and stored into EEPROM Error 512 Power up state lost Power up defaults are reset to factory defaults bench and stor...

Страница 31: ...ineering units or in scientific notation as shown in the table below In scientific mode the exponent can be fixed to a specified value or it can be floating In floating mode the instrument automatical...

Страница 32: ...ment or that the signal exceeds 120 of the range Generally the OUT OF LIMITS condition can be eliminated by better shielding of the signal source or by using other noise reduction methods Another solu...

Страница 33: ...Section 2 Getting started Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 2 10 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 3 Input signal Figure 4 Measurement on 20 nA range...

Страница 34: ...NATED EE 410 Query INTERRUPTED EE 350 Queue overflow EE 330 Self test failed EE 314 Save recall memory lost EE 285 Program syntax error EE 284 Program currently running EE 282 Illegal program name EE...

Страница 35: ...gram mnemonic too long EE 111 Command Header Separator Error EE 110 Command Header Error EE 109 Missing Parameter EE 108 Parameter not allowed EE 105 GET not allowed EE 104 Data Type Error EE 103 Inva...

Страница 36: ...lost EE 514 Calibration dates lost EE 515 Calibration tolerances lost 516 Calibration tables lost EE 517 Voltage Offset lost EE 518 Current Offset lost EE 519 Installed option id lost EE 520 Option c...

Страница 37: ...bottom line of the front panel display The PREV and NEXT display keys scroll through the selections for the present function The multiple displays can show a reading in a different form or give addit...

Страница 38: ...ual values Limits bar graph Relative humidity and external temperature stamp R Source V and measure I values Bar graph The normal bar graph with a zero at the left end is a graphical representation of...

Страница 39: ...67 are shown rounded to the nearest integer percent Perform the following to view or change the plus and minus percentage of range 1 From a measurement function press CONFIG and then NEXT or PREV dis...

Страница 40: ...rameter is keyed in by placing the cursor on the digit to be changed and using the RANGE up or down key to increment or decrement the digit 5 A change is only executed when ENTER is pressed Entering a...

Страница 41: ...r on to GPIB default setup conditions Power on to setup stored at a memory location 0 9 Reset Menu Return 6517B to bench default setup Return 6517B to GPIB default setup 2 COMMUNICATION GPIB ADDRESS E...

Страница 42: ...ines Checks changes sense of digital output lines Displays serial number memory option SCPI version and firmware revisions A D menu Enables disables line synchronization Also displays power line frequ...

Страница 43: ...and press ENTER The instrument immediately restores that setup configuration POWERON Use this menu item to select the instrument setup that goes into effect when the instrument is turned on The instru...

Страница 44: ...ditions Function or operation Bench default SYSTem PRESet GPIB default RST A D Controls Line Synchronization On On Data Stamp Temperature external Off Off Humidity Off Off Hardware Limit On On Buffer...

Страница 45: ...ise Tolerance Level 1 1 Filter Mode Moving Repeat Median Filter On On Rank 1 1 I Amps Damping Off On Range Manual 20 mA Manual 20 mA Autorange Off Off Limits Use all ranges Use all ranges Limits Limit...

Страница 46: ...all ranges Manual 200 k Off N A Manual 2 M On Use all ranges Manual 200 k Off N A Manual Relative Value Auto Off 0 0 Off 0 0 Resolution Auto 5 5 d Auto 5 5 d Scanning Scan Type Internal Scan Channels...

Страница 47: ...Bias Time Measure Voltage Measure Time Discharge Time Volume Resistivity Pre discharge Time Bias Voltage Bias Time Measure Voltage Measure Time Discharge Time Alternating polarity Offset Voltage Alter...

Страница 48: ...ink Mode Triglink Input Triglink Output Delay Count Control Scan layer Source Triglink Input Triglink Output Delay Count Control Arm layer Source Triglink Input Triglink Output Count Control Basic Tri...

Страница 49: ...late problems with the Model 6517B front panel display Each SELF TEST menu item features prompts to guide the user through the diagnostics LIMITS The LIMITS menu is used to set and control the limit v...

Страница 50: ...nd external temperature To configure time stamp To choose the character displayed for a decimal and select measurement units To set the real time clock DIGOUT Digital I O menu DIGOUT controls the Digi...

Страница 51: ...D conversions assume an integration time of 1 PLC Power Line Cycle Changing the state of line synchronization halts triggers and puts the instrument into idle Press TRIG to return to re arm triggers...

Страница 52: ...time stamp types are described as follows RELATIVE TIME With this selection time stamps are oriented to a timer and reference each reading to a point in time The timer starts at 0 000000 seconds when...

Страница 53: ...or F for internal or external temperature measurements CLOCK The Model 6517B has a real time clock that is used for time stamping bus and buffer readings real time time stamp and as a control source f...

Страница 54: ...rements on page 4 1 Hazardous voltages may be present on the output and guard terminals To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death NEVER make or break connections to the Model 6517B...

Страница 55: ...shown in the following figure Input low is accessed through the COMMON connector on the rear panel This configuration is used for guarded voltage measurements only Note that guard can only be enabled...

Страница 56: ...tection The Model 6517B incorporates protection circuitry against nominal overload conditions However a high voltage 250 V and resultant current surge could damage the input circuitry A typical test c...

Страница 57: ...trometer input Figure 13 Capacitor test circuit with protection Connection methods High resistance meter connections The Model 6517B uses the force voltage measure current FVMI configuration to measur...

Страница 58: ...n the following figure Figure 15 Force voltage measure current equivalent circuit Voltage source output connections The voltage source output is accessed at the rear panel V SOURCE OUT HI and LO bindi...

Страница 59: ...ard V source probes and cables The following probe and cable sets are available from Keithley Instruments as options Model 8606 High Performance Probe Tip Kit Consists of two spade lugs two alligator...

Страница 60: ...s is the same as the Model 7078 TRX 3 except that it is 10 feet in length Model 7078 TRX 20 This is the same as the Model 7078 TRX 3 except that it is 20 feet in length When using cables keep the foll...

Страница 61: ...est noise performance Do not make floating measurements with electrometer LO connected to chassis ground If the rear panel ground link is installed between COMMON and chassis ground remove it before f...

Страница 62: ...nique guard technique is used in a high impedance test circuit where significant leakage current may exist between the ammeter input and test circuit common Safety shield A safety shield is required w...

Страница 63: ...ltage source The V source of the Model 6517B can also be operated above earth ground as shown in the figure below In this circuit the V source is floating 100 V above ground Therefore a shock hazard 1...

Страница 64: ...s Keithley Instruments Model 8009 test fixture This test fixture allows volume resistivity in the range from 103 to 1018 cm and surface resistivity in the range from 103 to 1017 sq cm Features include...

Страница 65: ...see Handling and cleaning test fixtures on page 3 15 Test fixture chassis The chassis of the test fixture should be metal so that it can function as a shield for the DUT or test circuit mounted insid...

Страница 66: ...l connector must be referenced to chassis ground Therefore DO NOT insulate the outer shell of the triaxial connector from the metal chassis of the test fixture The DUT and test circuits are to be moun...

Страница 67: ...henever the test fixture lid is open or ajar The switch must be mounted inside the test box such that it is closed when the lid of the test fixture is closed Opening the lid must cause the interlock s...

Страница 68: ...all them in the test fixture Do not touch any connector or terminal insulator If installing a test circuit that is on a pc board handle the board only by the edges do not touch any board traces or com...

Страница 69: ...ns 4 35 Introduction This section discusses front panel triggering trigger configuration and external triggering including example setups Voltage measurements The Keithley Instruments Model 6517B Elec...

Страница 70: ...rement range 2V and press REL The REL indicator turns on and the ZCor message is displayed Correcting zero on the lowest range corrects all ranges because of internal scaling If guard is enabled the Z...

Страница 71: ...6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 4 Basic measurements 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 4 3 Figure 29 Guard voltage measurements connections Figure 30 Guarded voltage measurements equivalent c...

Страница 72: ...ISABLE ENABLE Filter menu Configure digital averaging filter Select type of average filter No average filtering performed Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings Program a simple average filter...

Страница 73: ...PLC Use MEDIUM when a compromise between noise performance and speed is acceptable NORMAL Sets integration time to 1 PLC A compromise like MEDIUM but NORMAL provides better noise performance at the e...

Страница 74: ...g the formula in the illustration To keep the error under 0 1 the input resistance RIN must be about 1000 times the value of the source resistance RS The input resistance of the Model 6517B is 2 10E14...

Страница 75: ...short the cable can be Using guard can reduce these effects by up to a factor of 1000 refer to Guarding on page 4 16 Guarding Guarding should be used for high impedance voltage measurements and for v...

Страница 76: ...Section 4 Basic measurements Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 4 8 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 32 Unguarded voltage measurements...

Страница 77: ...able are at virtually the same potential the potential across RL is zero so no current flows Also with a zero potential across CL there is no capacitor charging process to slow down the measurement re...

Страница 78: ...at the input circuit configuration changes with zero check enabled 2 To achieve optimum accuracy for low current measurements it is recommended that you zero correct the instrument To do so select the...

Страница 79: ...rence Manual Section 4 Basic measurements 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 4 11 Figure 36 Guarded floating current measurement connections Use for floating circuit where leakage from ammeter input to ci...

Страница 80: ...average filtering performed Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings with noise tolerance window 0 100 of range Select moving average or repeating...

Страница 81: ...itance seen at the input increases reading noise This capacitance can be attributed to a long input cable or to the capacitance of the source or a combination of both Enabling damping reduces this typ...

Страница 82: ...nt error Percent error in a measured reading IM due to voltage burden can be calculated as follows The voltage burden of the Model 6517B depends on the selected range see Accuracy Calculations on page...

Страница 83: ...e measurement range Range Minimum recommended source resistance pA nA A mA 1 G to 100 G 1 M to 100 M 1 k to 100 k 1 to 100 Source capacitance DUT source capacitance also affects the noise performance...

Страница 84: ...istor is a series diode or two diodes in parallel back to back The diodes can be small signal types and should be in a light tight enclosure Guarding For current measurements guarding is used to drast...

Страница 85: ...y RL The current through RL is approximately 10 nA 10 V 1 G 10 nA Thus the current that is measured by the Model 6517B is the sum of the two currents I IR 10 nA Obviously if IR is a low level current...

Страница 86: ...te that with AUTO V source selected you are not able to manually adjust the V source or change the V source range when in the ohms function If AUTO V source ohms is on the voltage limit of the V sourc...

Страница 87: ...e NEXT display that provides the actual measured current This allows you to check that the selected amps range is the lowest range that can handle the measured current Note that with AUTO range select...

Страница 88: ...hile the output is on Power off the equipment from the front panel or disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the Model 6517B before handling cables connected to the outputs Putting the equipm...

Страница 89: ...keys and to select the resistance measurement range or select AUTO range Note that with AUTO range selected the instrument does not go to the 2 T 20 T and 200 T ranges For optimum accuracy leakage cu...

Страница 90: ...akage current reading 6 Press OPER to place the V source in standby and enable zero check 7 Perform the following steps to establish the amps REL value for the ohms function a Press CONFIG and then R...

Страница 91: ...e insulator sample Surface resistivity is measured by applying a voltage potential across the surface of the insulator sample and measuring the resultant current as shown in the following figure Figur...

Страница 92: ...olume resistivity Volume resistivity is defined as the electrical resistance through a cube of insulating material When expressed in ohm centimeters it would be the electrical resistance through a one...

Страница 93: ...he Circular electrode dimensions in Surface resistivity on page 4 23 to determine dimensions D1 and g An effective area of coefficient B of 0 is typically used for volume resistivity General measureme...

Страница 94: ...R 6 If the manual V source adjustment mode is selected use the cursor and the VOLTAGE SOURCE adjust keys to set the voltage level The V source range can be changed from the RANGE item of the CONFIGUR...

Страница 95: ...ter No average filtering performed Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings with noise tolerance window 0 100 of range Select moving average or rep...

Страница 96: ...s AUTORNG The AUTORNG option is used to configure autorange for the ohms function This option allows you to speed up the autoranging search process by eliminating upper and lower measurement ranges Fo...

Страница 97: ...ure After selecting this option you are prompted to enter the value for Ks VOLUME Select this option to make volume resistivity measurements After the option is selected the following menu items are u...

Страница 98: ...the test fixture can be cancelled by performing a REL on the current component of the measurement Voltage coefficient The measured value of a high megohm resistor often varies with the applied voltag...

Страница 99: ...of the amplifier so that the voltage developed is proportional to the integral of the input current in accordance with the formula The voltage is scaled and displayed as charge Basic measurement proc...

Страница 100: ...he desired manual measurement range or auto range 3 Auto discharge is configured from the Coulombs Configuration menu see Coulombs configuration on page 4 33 4 Connect the test cable to the Model 6517...

Страница 101: ...aging filter Select type of average filter No average filtering performed Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings Program a simple average filter 1 100 readings with noise tolerance window 0 10...

Страница 102: ...gh ranges LO 2 nC 20 nC Use this option to limit the autorange search to the low measurement ranges HIGH 200 nC 2 C Use this option to limit the autorange search to the high measurement ranges Charge...

Страница 103: ...ly after zero check is disabled or when auto discharge resets the charge reading This action nulls out the charge reading caused by the hop Other measurement considerations The following measurement c...

Страница 104: ...ance that causes the current flow For example bending a triaxial cable causes friction between the center conductor HI and its surrounding insulator resulting in triboelectric currents Triboelectric c...

Страница 105: ...connectors in the test system clean Light Some components such as semiconductor junctions and MOS capacitors on semiconductor wafers are excellent light detectors Consequently these components must b...

Страница 106: ...duces the amount of electrostatic interference seen in the measurement Magnetic fields A magnetic field passing through a loop in a test circuit generates a magnetic EMF voltage that is proportional t...

Страница 107: ...6517B can measure relative humidity and external temperature Humidity and external temperature readings are provided as a multiple NEXT display for each function These readings can also be included as...

Страница 108: ...10 mA 5 mV 1000 V 1000 V 1 mA 50 mV The maximum common mode voltage for the V source is 750 Vpeak That is the voltage between V source LO and earth chassis ground must never exceed 750 Vpeak and the...

Страница 109: ...ng CONFIG and then OPER The various items of this configuration menu are explained in the following sections Configure V Source menu structure Menu item Description RANGE Select V source range 100 V o...

Страница 110: ...ted to ammeter LO refer to Ammeter LO to V source LO connection on page 5 4 for more information Figure 53 V source independent configuration Figure 54 V source independent configuration equivalent ci...

Страница 111: ...to V source LO place the cursor on the ON option and press ENTER Conversely to disconnect meter LO from V source LO place the cursor on OFF and press ENTER 3 Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu s...

Страница 112: ...e EDIT annunciator turns on and the cursor position for the voltage source value is denoted by the flashing digit Note that the voltage source edit mode will be cancelled if no edit operations are per...

Страница 113: ...re V SOURCE menu select RESISTIVE LIMIT to display the options on or off 2 To select resistive current limiting place the cursor on the ON option and press ENTER Conversely to de select resistive curr...

Страница 114: ...ashing VOLTAGE SOURCE OPERATE indicator denotes that the voltage source is in current limit A relay switch in series with OUTPUT HI is opened when the voltage source is placed in standby The transitio...

Страница 115: ...5 may appear at this output depending on function and range selection Note that the output impedance is 10 k to minimize the effects of loading the input impedance of the device connected to the 2 V A...

Страница 116: ...the input signal Connecting PREAMP OUT COMMON or 2 V ANALOG OUTPUT to earth while floating input may damage the instrument The PREAMP OUTPUT accuracy is uncalibrated Note that the PREAMP OUT output re...

Страница 117: ...connections equivalent circuits Using external feedback The external feedback function provides a means to extend the capabilities of the Model 6517B Electrometer to such uses as logarithmic currents...

Страница 118: ...lowing figure An input current applied to the inverting input of the operational amplifier op amp is nulled by a current feedback through the internal feedback network made up of RFB and CFB Because t...

Страница 119: ...feedback network AV is the open loop gain of the electrometer typically greater than 55 106 Note that the input impedance is ZIN 10 M ZFB when zero check is enabled The voltage at the PREAMP OUT termi...

Страница 120: ...connectors For convenience a banana jack can be mounted on the box to make the necessary PREAMP OUT connection Alternately a wire could be run through a rubber grommet mounted in a hole in the side o...

Страница 121: ...fferent charge measurement ranges can be used by placing an external feedback capacitor between the PREAMP OUT and Input HI and then placing the instrument in the external feedback mode Charge is rela...

Страница 122: ...hese limitations most diodes have a limited range of logarithmic behavior A solution to these constraints is to use a transistor configured as a transdiode in the feedback path as shown in in the figu...

Страница 123: ...or across the input However the nominal voltage burden of 1 mV must be considered as an error signal that must be taken into account Further processing of the current response can be achieved by using...

Страница 124: ...e 2 V range is 2 1 V 2 V 1 05 2 1 V When the integrated average input level exceeds the selected range the OVERFLOW message is displayed However if a stray out of range transient such as a noise spike...

Страница 125: ...below The display resolution for ohms readings may be less than what was selected For example assume for an ohms measurement that the measured current is 00 100 pA 20 pA range 4 digit resolution If y...

Страница 126: ...second time disables zero check To ensure proper operation always enable zero check before changing functions V I R or Q In coulombs enabling zero check dissipates the charge That is the charge readin...

Страница 127: ...figuring REL Pressing CONFigure REL displays the REL value for the present measurement function You can change the REL value using the cursor keys and the manual RANGE keys When ENTER is pressed the i...

Страница 128: ...heck 3 Select the range for the measurement 4 Press REL to zero correct the instrument REL indicator is lit and Zcor displayed Note that for the volts function the Zcor message is not displayed if gua...

Страница 129: ...stivity tests Normal surface and volume Alternating polarity Surface insulation resistance SIR test Sweep tests Square wave Staircase Test descriptions The following information describes each test sh...

Страница 130: ...o 20 mA or less This test allows you to measure the current at various voltage levels When the test is configured you specify the start voltage START V the step voltage STEP V the stop voltage STOP V...

Страница 131: ...Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 6 Test sequences 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 6 3 Figure 68 Diode leakage current test default measurement points...

Страница 132: ...ollowing figure shows the connections for this test A resistor and a diode are used to limit noise for the measurement For this test a fixed voltage BIAS V is applied to the capacitor for specified ti...

Страница 133: ...a fixed voltage BIAS V is applied across the insulator for a specified time to allow the charging effects of cable capacitance to stabilize The resistance is then measured and stored in the buffer Th...

Страница 134: ...sistivity surface or volume of an insulator sample When used with the Keithley Instruments Model 8009 Resistivity Test Fixture the test conforms to the ASTM D 257 standard See Resistance and resistivi...

Страница 135: ...ing sample current from a typical high resistance sample Note that the sample currents shown exhibit some capacitive decay as many high resistance samples also tend to have significant capacitance Whe...

Страница 136: ...Section 6 Test sequences Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 6 8 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015...

Страница 137: ...Y test pattern for the measurement This is a typical test pattern for SIR tests When this test is run a specified voltage BIAS V is applied to the test pattern for a specified time BIAS TIME This bia...

Страница 138: ...low level LO TIME and the number of cycles to repeat CYCLE COUNT The following figure shows an example using the default test parameters When the test is run 20 measurements are performed at each hig...

Страница 139: ...Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 6 Test sequences 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 6 11 Figure 76 Staircase sweep test default measurement points...

Страница 140: ...ltage Specify delay Capacitor leakage current test Specify bias voltage Specify number of readings Specify time interval Cable insulation resistance test Specify bias voltage Specify number of reading...

Страница 141: ...SWEEP SQUARE WAVE HI LEVEL HI TIME LO LEVEL LO TIME CYCLE COUNT STAIRCASE START STOP STEP STEP TIME Sweep tests Square wave sweep test Specify high level voltage Specify time at high level Specify low...

Страница 142: ...e standard method resistivity tests or the alternating polarity test NORMAL Use this menu item to select and configure one of the standard method resistivity tests SURFACE Use this option to select an...

Страница 143: ...isabled and the test runs 6 When the test is finished zero check stays disabled and the V source goes into standby 7 The measured readings for the test are stored in the buffer To access these reading...

Страница 144: ...onfiguration menu 7 2 Trigger models 7 3 Trigger configuration 7 9 External triggering 7 16 Introduction This section discusses front panel triggering trigger configuration and external triggering inc...

Страница 145: ...urce of triggers Use to make measurements immediately Use TRIG key to control measuring Use bus triggers to control measuring Use external triggers to control measuring Use a timer to control measurin...

Страница 146: ...ger control mode Enable source bypass Disable source bypass ARM SOURCE IMMEDIATE EXTERNAL MANUAL GPIB TRIGLINK RT CLOCK HOLD COUNT INFINITE ENTER ARM COUNT CONTROL SOURCE ACCEPTOR Arm layer menu Selec...

Страница 147: ...ont panel ARM indicator is off when the instrument is in idle Pressing TRIG takes the instrument out of idle ARM indicator turns on Trigger mode With the continuous trigger mode selected operation con...

Страница 148: ...17B must be taken out of remote before it responds to the TRIG key Pressing LOCAL takes the instrument out of remote GPIB Event detection is satisfied when a bus trigger GET or TRG is received by the...

Страница 149: ...figure is the advanced trigger model which provides more triggering options programmed from the ADVANCED menu item of the CONFIGURE TRIGGER menu Note that scanning operations use this trigger model Fi...

Страница 150: ...down to the device action where a measurement occurs Control sources Control sources In general each layer contains a control source which holds up operation until the programmed event occurs The cont...

Страница 151: ...e make Also included in the device action is the internal settling time delay for the relay Output triggers In the arm layer and scan layer the output triggers are enabled only if their respective sou...

Страница 152: ...ction bus triggers control the measurement interval When the Model 6517B receives a bus trigger GET or TRG it performs a measurement The front panel TRIG key see MANUAL is active with bus triggering s...

Страница 153: ...re layer is used for the following operations To select the measuring event SOURCE for the instrument To delay operation in the measure layer To designate the number of measurements the instrument mak...

Страница 154: ...rolled by the trigger link of the Model 6517B trigger link is an enhanced trigger system that uses up to six lines to direct trigger pulses to and from other instruments When the Model 6517B receives...

Страница 155: ...list For example if the scan list is made up of four channels you can program a count of 12 With this count value the instrument repeats the scan three times An advantage of repeating channels rather...

Страница 156: ...e measure layer TRIGLINK With this selection the scan source is controlled by the trigger link of the Model 6517B trigger link is an enhanced trigger system that uses up to six lines to direct trigger...

Страница 157: ...gram the Model 6517B to arm up to 99999 times CONTROL Use this menu item to enable or disable the source bypass The source bypass is used to bypass the scan event on the first pass through the scan la...

Страница 158: ...s up to six lines to direct trigger pulses to and from other instruments Operation passes into the scan layer when the Model 6517B receives a trigger over the trigger link The front panel TRIG key see...

Страница 159: ...ns are done the instrument goes into idle Halting triggers The HALT option of the ADVANCED TRIGGERING menu is used to disarm the instrument and place it in the idle state You can press the TRIG key to...

Страница 160: ...n micro DIN sockets used for the trigger link is shown in the below figure Figure 79 Trigger link connector Asynchronous operation The asynchronous mode uses separate lines for input and output trigge...

Страница 161: ...g operation in the measure layer each trigger link input trigger makes a measurement After the user programmed DELAY and the measurement settling time the Model 6517B outputs a trigger link completion...

Страница 162: ...measure ten DUTs switched by a 10 channel multiplexer card in a Model 7001 7002 Switch System Model 6517B Idle State Bench reset INIT CONT ON Arm layer Arm source Immediate Arm count 1 Arm trigger co...

Страница 163: ...e Models 6517B and 7001 7002 are configured as follows Figure 83 Trigger link connections asynchronous example Model 7001 or 7002 Idle State Reset INIT CONT OFF Scan List 1 1 1 10 Arm layer Arm spacin...

Страница 164: ...both the arm layer and scan layer are programmed for immediate source operation immediately drops down to the measure layer at point A B Pressing STEP takes the Model 7001 7002 out of the idle state a...

Страница 165: ...ne is pulled low 0 V a trigger occurs on the negative going edge When the trigger line is released a trigger occurs on the positive going edge See the following figure for an example The advantage of...

Страница 166: ...l 7001s 7002s are in the process of closing a channel they hold the trigger line low Ten milliseconds after switch closure the first Model 7001 7002 releases the trigger line However the second Model...

Страница 167: ...Model 7001 or 7002 Idle state Reset INIT CONT OFF Scan list 1 1 1 10 Arm layer Arm spacing Immediate Arm count 1 Arm trigger control Acceptor Scan layer Scan spacing Immediate Number of scans 1 Scan...

Страница 168: ...first channel point C Note that the Bypass is in effect only on the first pass through the model d After the relay settles the Model 7001 7002 pulls down the trigger link trigger line point D Since t...

Страница 169: ...d when using this command regardless of what elements are stored The number of data points can be set using the front panel Data elements The basic data elements include the reading units reading and...

Страница 170: ...0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15847 11885 11885 9507 105...

Страница 171: ...RELATIVE TIME REAL TIME FORMAT ABSOLUTE DELTA ELEMENTS DISPLAY Select buffer size Enter number of readings to store Use finite measure count from trigger model Select type of buffer control Fill buff...

Страница 172: ...dings stored before the trigger event and 50 readings stored after the trigger The first reading after the trigger is reading zero Pretrigger readings have reading numbers and relative time stamps wit...

Страница 173: ...mped with the actual time and date Time can be expressed in the 12 hour AM PM format or the 24 hour format With the DELTA format selected the first buffer reading is time stamped at 00000d 00h 00m 00...

Страница 174: ...l number is not displayed even though it is a selected data element V source When selected the sourced voltage level is available as a multiple NEXT display DISPLAY This menu item is used to enable or...

Страница 175: ...age complete press RECALL Rdg 00050 Time 004 999990 sec Rdg 00000 Time 000 000000 sec Rdg 00049 Time 004 899996 sec normal reading display on off A manual trigger is used as an example Other pretrigge...

Страница 176: ...5e 00 The equation used to calculate the mean is Where xi is a stored reading and n is the number of stored readings Note that if n 0 the result is NAN not a number StdDev This operation displays the...

Страница 177: ...is enabled by pressing the FILTER key FILT annunciator turns on Pressing FILTER a second time disables filter When FILTER is enabled the status of the two filters is briefly displayed For example Filt...

Страница 178: ...additional filter parameter is the mode either moving or repeating A moving filter is a first in first out stack where the newest reading conversion replaces the oldest An average of the stacked read...

Страница 179: ...of sample readings used for the median calculation is determined by the selected rank 1 to 5 as follows Sample readings 2 R 1 Where R is the selected rank 1 to 5 For example a rank of 5 uses the last...

Страница 180: ...Section 9 Filters and math Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 9 4 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015...

Страница 181: ...Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 9 Filters and math 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 9 5 Figure 90 Digital filter moving filter mode Figure 91 Digital filter repeating filter mode...

Страница 182: ...ogram a simple average filter 1 100 rdgs with noise tolerance 0 100 of range Select moving average or repeating average mode Configure median filter Disable median filter Enable median filter and spec...

Страница 183: ...the averaging filter AVERAGING MODE This selection determines the mode of an average filter for a measurement function either a moving or repeating average MOVING This item selects a moving filter whe...

Страница 184: ...displayed reading is expressed as a percentage of the target value often in scientific notation The percentage calculation is performed as follows As an example consider the default target value for...

Страница 185: ...ivides the normal display reading by the user specified reference value Where X is the normal display reading Y is the specified reference value Ratio is enabled through the CONFIGURE MATH menu Logari...

Страница 186: ...nd enter constants Percent Select percent calculation and enter target reference value DEV Select percent deviation calculation and enter reference value DEVIATION Select deviation calculation and ent...

Страница 187: ...e input reading is converted to its log base 10 equivalent and displayed Math multiple display One of the multiple displays lets you view the reading on the bottom line of the display and the result o...

Страница 188: ...nts To set the digital output patterns that signify passing or failing limit checks To enable disable a binning strobe signal on digital output 4 for triggering a user supplied device handler Since th...

Страница 189: ...0 6 M reading equals 600 000 FAIL Limit set 1 is available as a multiple display which shows a bar graph and a pass fail indication for the measurements While the limits bar graph is displayed the pro...

Страница 190: ...limit is displayed To change the limit use the cursor keys and the RANGE keys to display the desired value Note that you must enter values in scientific notation Press ENTER to select your value and d...

Страница 191: ...al device handler binning is enabled from the front panel or with the bus command CALCulate3 BSTRobe STATe ON the binning strobe signal is set to FALSE When binning is disabled the strobe signal is le...

Страница 192: ...t Value Action LOLIM1 HILIM1 LOLIM2 HILIM2 90 k 110 k 99 k 101 k DIGOUT1 ON others OFF DIGOUT2 ON others OFF DIGOUT1 ON DIGOUT2 ON others OFF DIGOUT3 ON others OFF 2 Enable the binning strobe signal f...

Страница 193: ...y the next menu item LOGIC SENSE The state ON or OFF of a digital output line is changed by placing the cursor on the desired line and pressing the manual RANGE keys These keys simply toggle the state...

Страница 194: ...t high 5 V or low 0 V and sinks up to 100 mA The four output lines can also operate external supplies from 5V to 30V Use the DIGITAL I O Menu to select the following options STATE ON or OFF selectable...

Страница 195: ...t exceed 100 mA Do not apply more than 100 mA maximum current or exceed 30 V maximum voltage on pin 5 of the digital I O port Applying current or voltage exceeding these limits may damage the instrume...

Страница 196: ...check the logic sense setting of the Model 6517B output lines TTL1 through TTL4 Make sure the correct LOGIC SENSE value is selected for each output line The LOGIC SENSE value varies according to the t...

Страница 197: ...he Model 6517B for measurement The channel control and scanning capabilities depend on whether an internal or external scanner card is being used as well as on the capabilities of the scanner card in...

Страница 198: ...mpty The displayed message prompts you to reset the external scanner Press ENTER when ready b Card installed in option slot Select the PERFORM SCAN option from the menu and select EXTERNAL scanning Th...

Страница 199: ...n the buffer If you select YES the number of readings that are stored in the buffer are displayed Note that the buffer size is limited see Buffer data store on page 8 1 for details 12 The last message...

Страница 200: ...ts standard IEEE 488 2 defines a syntax for sending data to and from instruments how an instrument interprets this data what registers should exist to record the state of the instrument and a group of...

Страница 201: ...t connections remain secure Figure 98 Standard IEEE 488 connectors A typical connecting scheme for a multi unit test system is shown in the following figure Although any number of connectors could the...

Страница 202: ...onnecting method Note that the IEEE 488 bus is limited to a maximum of 15 devices including the controller The maximum cable length is 20 meters or two meters times the number of devices whichever is...

Страница 203: ...ecting interface parameters Communication menu The COMMUNICATION menu option allows you to select and configure the GPIB or RS 232 bus Use the MENU key to access this menu option see Menu on page 2 18...

Страница 204: ...MENTS This menu item lets you select the data elements sent Use one of the RANGE keys and to toggle between yes y and no n RDG The numeric value of the reading RDG The buffer location of the reading T...

Страница 205: ...and no n RDG The numeric value of the reading RDG The buffer location of the reading The reading number can be reset to zero from the GENERAL MENU UNIT The units of the reading CH The channel number t...

Страница 206: ...t primary address of the instrument is displayed For example if the instrument is set to primary address 27 the following message is displayed ADDRESS 27 0 30 6 To retain the displayed address press E...

Страница 207: ...inimum of 100 seconds LLO local lockout The LLO command is used to prevent local operation of the instrument After the unit receives LLO all its front panel controls except POWER are inoperative In th...

Страница 208: ...instrument Each of these indicators is briefly described below REM This indicator shows when the instrument is in the remote state Note that REM may not always show the state of the REN line because t...

Страница 209: ...mplete information on SCPI commands Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a param...

Страница 210: ...umber or one of the following name parameters DEFault MINimum or MAXimum When the DEFault parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the RST default value When the MINimum parameter is used the...

Страница 211: ...DEFault Query the lowest allowable value TRIGger TIMer MINimum Query the largest allowable value TRIGger TIMer MAXimum Case sensitivity Common commands and SCPI commands are not case sensitive You ca...

Страница 212: ...of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk SCPI commands are categorized into subsystems and are s...

Страница 213: ...an error would occur Command path rules 1 Each new program message must begin with the root command unless it is optional for example SENSe If the root is optional simply treat a command word on the...

Страница 214: ...message for all the queries is sent to the computer when the Model 6517B is addressed to talk The responses are sent in the order that the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons Ite...

Страница 215: ...the IEEE 488 bus The flowchart below which summarizes operation over the bus is called the Trigger model It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigg...

Страница 216: ...tion does not occur until the selected control source event is detected The control sources are explained as follows Immediate With this control source selected event detection is immediately satisfie...

Страница 217: ...ge 11 20 for more information IMMediate Each time an IMMediate command is sent operation loops around the respective control source It is used when you do not wish to wait for the programmed event to...

Страница 218: ...primary device action is a measurement However the device action could include a function change and a channel scan if scanner is enabled A channel is scanned closed before a measurement is made When...

Страница 219: ...rigger layer control source A counter resets when operation loops back to a higher layer or idle RS 232 serial interface The Model 6517B has a built in RS 232 serial interface Over this interface you...

Страница 220: ...lect CR CR LF LF or LF CR Select FLOW CTRL NONE or XON XOFF Select STOP Select 1 or 2 3 Continue on to select the data elements that you want to include for each conversion Use a manual range key to t...

Страница 221: ...7B also recognizes X_OFF and X_ON sent from the controller An X_OFF causes the Model 6517B to stop outputting characters until it sees an X_ON Incoming commands are processed after the LF character is...

Страница 222: ...match between computer and Model 6517B 802 RS 232 overrun detected Data received before previous data can be read 803 RS 232 break detected A break occurred device clear occurs 804 RS 232 noise detect...

Страница 223: ...1 Common command summary 12 2 Common command descriptions 12 3 Introduction This section provides detailed information on common IEEE 488 2 commands for the Keithley Instruments Model 6517B Electrome...

Страница 224: ...ll pending commands have been executed OPC Operation complete query Places an ASCII 1 into the output queue when all pending selected device operations have been completed OPT Option identification qu...

Страница 225: ...mmand is used to clear reset to 0 the bits of the following registers in the Model 6517B Standard event status register Operation event register Error queue trigger event register Sequence event regis...

Страница 226: ...d event is unmasked enabled the occurrence of that event sets the ESB bit For information on the standard event status register and descriptions of the standard event bits A cleared bit 0 in the enabl...

Страница 227: ...E bits of the standard event enable register where CME Bit B5 32 QYE Bit B2 4 NRf 36 Also see None ESR event status register query This command reads the standard event status register and clears it D...

Страница 228: ...vent PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Decimal Weighting 128 27 64 26 32 25 16 24 8 23 4 22 1 20 Value 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used Values are 1 Even...

Страница 229: ...tes that a command error has occurred Command errors include IEEE 488 2 syntax error Model 6517B received a message that does not follow the defined syntax of the IEEE 488 2 standard Semantic error Mo...

Страница 230: ...sets the OPC bit and returns to OCIS When used with the INITiate or INITiate CONTinuous ON command the OPC bit of the standard event status register does not set until the Model 6517B goes back into t...

Страница 231: ...17B goes back into the idle state The initiate operations are not considered finished until the instrument goes into the idle state The INITiate POFLag command is used to include or exclude the no ope...

Страница 232: ...stored at a memory location The SAV command is used to store a setup configuration at a memory location The Model 6517B is shipped from the factory with SYSTem PRESet defaults loaded into the availab...

Страница 233: ...ese commands program and read the service request enable register Usage SRE NRf SRE NRf 0 Clears enable register 1 Set MSB bit Bit 0 4 Set EAV bit Bit 2 8 Set QSB bit Bit 3 16 Set MAV bit Bit 4 32 Set...

Страница 234: ...e register can be read using the SRE query command Service request enable register Bit position B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Event OSB ESB MAV QSB EAV MSB Decimal Weighting 128 27 32 25 16 24 8 23 4 22 1 2...

Страница 235: ...structure on page 13 1 For example for an acquired decimal value of 48 the binary equivalent is 00110000 This binary value indicates that Bits 4 and 5 of the status byte register are set Status bye re...

Страница 236: ...et bit indicates that one or more enabled status byte conditions have occurred The MSS bit can be read using the STB query command or the occurrence of a service request RQS bit set can be detected by...

Страница 237: ...le device operations of the Overlapped command are still in progress The WAI command holds off the execution of subsequent commands until the device operations of all previous Overlapped commands are...

Страница 238: ...sets The status structure for the Model 6517B is summarized in Model 6517B status structure on page 13 1 Instrument events such as errors are monitored and manipulated by seven status register sets N...

Страница 239: ...Section 13 Status structure Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 13 2 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 104 Model 6517B status structure...

Страница 240: ...rence Manual Section 13 Status structure 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 13 3 Standard event status registers Figure 105 Standard event status registers Operation event status registers Figure 106 Oper...

Страница 241: ...Section 13 Status structure Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 13 4 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 107 Arm event status registers...

Страница 242: ...Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 13 Status structure 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 13 5 Figure 108 Sequence event status registers...

Страница 243: ...Section 13 Status structure Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 13 6 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 109 Trigger event status registers...

Страница 244: ...Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual Section 13 Status structure 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 13 7 Figure 110 Measurement event status register...

Страница 245: ...t have a condition register A condition register is a real time read only register that is constantly updated to reflect the present operating conditions of the instrument For example while a calculat...

Страница 246: ...uery commands are used to read the registers see SCPI command reference on page 14 1 for details Reading a transition filter register does not affect its bit pattern The following operations set 1 all...

Страница 247: ...et clears the following enable registers Operation event enable register Questionable event enable register Measurement event enable register STATus PRESet sets all bits of the following enable regist...

Страница 248: ...ue when it is read The error queue is considered cleared when it is empty An empty error queue clears the EAV bit in the status byte register An error message from the error queue is read by sending e...

Страница 249: ...ter Bit B6 in the status byte register is either The master summary status MSS bit sent in response to the STB command indicates the status of any set bits with corresponding enable bits set The reque...

Страница 250: ...ce request enable register is cleared 0 When the masked summary bit in the status byte register sets it is ANDed with the corresponding cleared bit in the service request enable register The logic 0 o...

Страница 251: ...the Model 6517B If an SRQ does not occur Bit B6 RQS of the status byte register remains cleared and the program proceeds normally after the serial poll is performed If an SRQ does occur Bit B6 of the...

Страница 252: ...Keithley Instruments Model 6517B Electrometer Standard Communications for Programmable Instrumentation SCPI commands including signal oriented commands Signal oriented measurement commands The signal...

Страница 253: ...6517B to talk the reading is sent to the computer This command does not affect the instrument setup This command does not trigger a measurement It simply requests the last available reading Note that...

Страница 254: ...17B is configured as follows The function specified by this command is selected All controls related to the selected function are defaulted to the RST values Continuous initiation is disabled INITiate...

Страница 255: ...n sent a measurement conversion occurs and the reading is acquired When this command is sent the following commands are executed in the order that they are presented ABORt INITiate FETCh When ABORt is...

Страница 256: ...nds to perform a one shot measurement and acquire the reading Usage MEASure function function The function CURRent DC Amps function RESistance Ohms function CHARge Coulombs function Details This comma...

Страница 257: ...4 25 TRACe subsystem on page 14 136 Trigger TRIGger command summary on page 14 26 TRIGger subsystem on page 14 144 TSEQence TSEQuence command summary on page 14 29 TSEQuence subsystem on page 14 155 U...

Страница 258: ...99e20 to 9 999999e20 Query a1 factor 1 MA1Factor MA2Factor NRf Query a1 factor Set a2 for POLynominal 9 999999e30 to 9 999999e30 0 MA2Factor PERCent NRf Query a2 factor Specify target value for percen...

Страница 259: ...ry source LOWer Path to configure lower limit DATA n Set lower limit 9 999999e35 to 1 9 999999e35 DATA Query lower limit SOURce NRf Specify digital output 0 to 15 0 SOURce Query source STATe b Enable...

Страница 260: ...e limits FAIL Query composite result of LIMIT 1 and LIMIT 2 tests 1 pass 0 fail BSTRobe Path to control limit binning strobe STATe b Enable or disable strobe OFF STATe Query state of binning strobe IM...

Страница 261: ...Notes 1 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on a user defined message Cycling power cancels all user defined messages 2 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on the state of the message mode Cycling po...

Страница 262: ...active low ALOW LSENse Query polarity of line 2 TTL3 Path to set polarity of digital output line 3 LSENse name Select polarity active high AHIGh AHIGh or active low ALOW LSENse Query polarity of line...

Страница 263: ...cify external scan list 1 to 400 channels 10 EXTernal Query the external scan list LSELect name Select scan operation INTernal EXTernal or NONE NONE LSELect Query scan operation STIMe n Specify settli...

Страница 264: ...ate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 AUTO b Enable or disable auto NPLC OFF AUTO ONCE Enable and then disable auto NPLC AUTO Query auto line cycle integration NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate RANGe...

Страница 265: ...able or disable median filter STATe Query state of median filter RANK NRf Specify rank for median filter 1 to 5 1 RANK Query rank GUARd b Enable or disable guard OFF GUARd Query state of guard XFEedba...

Страница 266: ...e average filter TYPE name Select filter type NONE SCALar ADVanced SCALar TYPE Query filter type TCONtrol name Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note 3 TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt n Specify fil...

Страница 267: ...Mit n Set lower limit for auto range 0 to 100e18 2e6 LLIMit Query lower limit AUTO Query auto range RESistance MANual Path to configure Manual V source ohms CRANge Path to configure measurement range...

Страница 268: ...re and control advanced filter NTOLerance n Specify noise tolerance level 0 to 100 1 NTOLerance Query noise tolerance level STATe b Enable or disable digital filter OFF STATe Query state of digital fi...

Страница 269: ...NPLCycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 OFF AUTO b Enable or disable auto NPLC AUTO ONCE Enable and then disable auto NPLC AUTO Query auto line cycle integration NPLCycles Query line c...

Страница 270: ...lerance level 0 to 100 1 NTOLerance Query noise tolerance level STATe b Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter MEDian Path to control the median filter STATe b Enable or disa...

Страница 271: ...tude n Set V source level 0 to 1000 volts 0 AMPLitude Query V source level RANGe n Select V source range 100 selects 100V range 100 selects 1000V range 100 RANGe Query V source range LIMit Path to con...

Страница 272: ...e transition register CONDition Read the condition register ARM Path to control arm event registers EVENt Read the event register Note 2 ENABle NRf Program the enable register Note 3 ENABle Read the e...

Страница 273: ...default states QUEue Path to access error queue NEXT Read the most recent error message Note 6 ENABle list Specify error and status messages for queue Note 7 ENABle Read the enabled messages DISable l...

Страница 274: ...ages from the error queue DATE yr mo day Set date DATE Query date TIME hr min sec Set time 24 hour format TIME Query time TSTamp Path to configure and control time stamp TYPE name Select time stamp ty...

Страница 275: ...RS 232 only REMote Put 6517B in remote RS 232 only OFF LLOCkout b Enable or disable local lockout RS 232 only SYSTem MACRo TRIGger Paths to configure Basic triggering EXECute Select basic triggering M...

Страница 276: ...pecify number of pre trigger readings PERCent n Specify 0 to 100 of buffer PERCent Query percentage READings n Specify as a number READings Query number of readings SOURce name Select pre trigger sour...

Страница 277: ...arm count SOURce name Select control source HOLD IMMediate RTCLock MANual BUS TLINk or EXTernal IMMediate Note 2 SOURce Query control source SIGNal Loop around control source TCONfigure Path to confi...

Страница 278: ...put line 1 to 6 2 ILINe Query input line OLINe NRf Select output line 1 to 6 1 OLINe Query output line TRIGger SEQuence 1 Path to program trigger layer IMMediate Loop around control source COUNt n Set...

Страница 279: ...h to configure semi synchronous trigger link LINE NRf Select trigger line 1 to 6 1 LINE Query trigger line Notes 1 Defaults for continuous initiation SYSTem PRESet enables continuous initiation RST di...

Страница 280: ...000 to 1000 1 V STARt Query start voltage STOP NRf Specify stop voltage 1000 to 1000 10 V STOP Query stop voltage STEP NRf Specify step voltage 1000 to 1000 1 V STEP Query step voltage MDELay NRf Spec...

Страница 281: ...SVOLtage Query bias voltage STIME NRf Specify bias time 0 to 99999 9 sec 1 sec STIME Query bias time MVOLtage NRf Specify measure voltage 1000 to 1000 500 V MVOLtage Query measure voltage MTIMe NRf S...

Страница 282: ...nsulation resistance test path SVOLtage NRf Specify bias voltage 1000 to 100 50 V SVOLtage Query bias voltage STIME NRf Specify bias time 0 to 99999 9 sec 1 sec STIME Query bias time MVOLtage NRf Spec...

Страница 283: ...1 sec STIME Query step time UNIT command summary Command Description Power up defaults UNIT TEMPerature name TEMPerature Select temperature units C CEL F FAR K Query temperature units C SCPI command s...

Страница 284: ...se 10 calculation Details This command is used to specify the format for the CALC 1 math calculation With NONE selected no CALC 1 calculation is performed With one of the other formats selected and CA...

Страница 285: ...Also see None MA2Factor NRf This command is used to specify the a2 factor Usage CALCulate 1 KMATh MA2Factor NRf MA2Factor NRf 9 999999e20 to 9 999999e20 Details This command is used to specify the a2...

Страница 286: ...TATe b This command is used to control the CALC 1 calculation Usage CALCulate 1 STATe b STATe b 0 or OFF Disable CALC 1 calculation 1 or ON Enable CALC 1 calculation Details This command is used to en...

Страница 287: ...continuous measurement mode for example waiting for a trigger the displayed reading does not update to reflect the new calculation until the next reading conversion occurs This action command allows...

Страница 288: ...for CALC 2 use data stored in the buffer With NONE selected no CALC 2 calculation is performed With one of the other formats selected and CALC 2 enabled the calculation is performed every time the IMM...

Страница 289: ...the calculation and read the result is by using the query form of the command IMMediate When this command is sent the calculation is performed and the result is queried Also see None DATA This command...

Страница 290: ...er MINimum LOWer MAXimum n 9 999999e35 to 9 999999e35 Specify limit value DEFault Set specified upper limit to 1 set specified lower limit to 1 MINimum Set specified limit to 9 999999e35 MAXimum Set s...

Страница 291: ...igital output pattern on the output port Each output line is assigned a decimal weight as follows Digital Output Decimal Weight Line 1 1 Line 2 2 Line 3 4 Line 4 8 The parameter value for the digital...

Страница 292: ...at when a limit test LIMIT 1 or LIMIT 2 is enabled the digital output port cannot be controlled from the source Subsystem A fail indication for LIMIT 1 or LIMIT 2 is cleared when the respective limit...

Страница 293: ...e that a failure is also cleared when the limit test is disabled STATe OFF Also see None AUTO b This command controls auto clear for LIMIT 1 and LIMIT 2 Usage CALCulate3 LIMit 1 CLEar AUTO b CALCulate...

Страница 294: ...ine 2 2 Line 3 4 Line 4 8 The parameter value for the digital pattern is determined by adding the decimal weights of the desired output lines For example if you want output lines 2 and 3 to go true wh...

Страница 295: ...of each limit LIMit1 FAIL and LIMit2 FAIL This command like other fail commands does not clear the fail indication for LIMIT 1 or LIMIT 2 Also see None BSTRobe STATe b This command controls the binni...

Страница 296: ...ing conversion occurs This action command allows you to re process the current input data to test new limits For example assume the instrument is in a non continuous measurement mode and requires a ma...

Страница 297: ...ge Up to 20 for top display Up to 32 for bottom display X number of digits that make up Y 1 or 2 These commands define text messages for display A message can be as long as 20 characters for the top d...

Страница 298: ...ed display Details These commands enable and disable the text message modes When enabled a defined message is displayed When disabled the message is removed from the display GPIB operation A user defi...

Страница 299: ...ng 0 Character is not blinking For example assume the following menu is displayed with the SAVESETUP option blinking MAIN MENU SAVESETUP COMMUNICATION TEST The response message for disp attr primary d...

Страница 300: ...ncel the operations associated with them This command has no effect on any other message types Also see None SMESsage b This command is used to control the status messages Usage DISPlay SMESsage b SME...

Страница 301: ...ing message FRONT PANEL DISABLEDPress LOCAL to resume As reported by the message all front panel controls except LOCAL are disabled Normal display operation can be resumed by using the ENABle command...

Страница 302: ...hen using the ASCII SREal or DREal parameter a length parameter is not required This command is used to select the data format for transferring readings over the bus For every reading conversion the d...

Страница 303: ...n is made up of three 32 bit data blocks Note that the data string for each reading conversion is preceded by a 2 byte header that is the binary equivalent of an ASCII sign and 0 Figure 114 IEEE754 si...

Страница 304: ...r starts at zero when the instrument is turned on or when SYStem RNUMber RESet is sent over the bus When a reading is sent over the bus for example FETCh the RNUMber element indicates the reading numb...

Страница 305: ...the SYSTem Subsystem A reading of 999 99 means humidity is disabled This data element includes the humidity reading in in the data string ETEMperature External temperature can be measured by connecti...

Страница 306: ...yte 1 Byte 2 Byte 8 Double precision For reverse byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Byte 4 Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 Single precision Byte 8 Byte 7 Byte 1 Double precision The 0...

Страница 307: ...subsystem LSENse name This command is used to set the polarity of lines 1 through 4 Usage OUTPut2 TTL 1 LSENse name OUTPut2 TTL2 LSENse name OUTPut2 TTL3 LSENse name OUTPut2 TTL4 LSENse name LSENse n...

Страница 308: ...me VOLTage DC Select volts CURRent DC Select amps RESistance Select ohms CHARge Select coulombs Details The FUNCtion command is used to select the measurement function of the instrument Note that para...

Страница 309: ...in the response message Thus you may want to perform a function query after a reading query Also see CALCulate subsystems on page 14 32 FRESh This command is used to return a new reading Usage SENSe...

Страница 310: ...s the integration rate in seconds per integration NPLC is the number of power line cycles per integration is the power line frequency For 400 Hz line power use 50 Hz to calculate aperture When the int...

Страница 311: ...T BY RSLN AUTO Note that the times are provided as NPLC values To convert to aperture times use the formula on the previous page The ONCE parameter is analogous to a momentary toggle switch When AUTO...

Страница 312: ...egration period measurement speed for the Model 6517B can be set using either of two commands APERture or NPLCycle Aperture specifies time in seconds per integration while NPLC expresses the integrati...

Страница 313: ...RSLN AUTO The ONCE parameter is analogous to a momentary toggle switch When AUTO ONCE is sent auto NPLC turns on momentarily and then disables While enabled it automatically selects the appropriate v...

Страница 314: ...g in volts 0 to 21e 3 Expected reading in amps 0 to 2 1e 6 Expected reading in coulombs DEFault 21e 3 amps 2 1e 6 coulombs MINimum 0 all functions MAXimum Same as DEFault Details This command is used...

Страница 315: ...etained Note that the instrument must currently be on the specified function in order for ONCE to be effective Using ONCE while on any other function results in an error The autorange command RANGe AU...

Страница 316: ...omatic range changes slow down the reading rate By setting upper and lower measurement range limits you can prevent inadvertent range changes to ranges that you are not going to use The upper range li...

Страница 317: ...s UPPer n This command is used to set the measurement range for Auto and Manual V source Ohms Usage SENSe 1 RESistance AUTO RANGe UPPer n SENSe 1 RESistance MANual CRANge UPPer n UPPer UPPer DEFault U...

Страница 318: ...selected measurement range is retained Note that the instrument must be on the ohms function in order for ONCE to be effective Using ONCE while on any other function results in an error The autorange...

Страница 319: ...nt range limits you can prevent inadvertent range changes to ranges that you are not going to use Note that these limits can only be set for Auto V source Ohms They are not available for Manual V sour...

Страница 320: ...DEFault 100V range MINimum 100V range MAXimum 1000V range Details This command is used to select the optimum V source range for Auto V source Ohms Specifying the output voltage value automatically sel...

Страница 321: ...lue that exceeds 100V results in a Settings Conflict error The amplitude may also be limited by the SOURce VOLTage LIMit AMPLitude command Attempts to set an amplitude that exceeds this programmed lim...

Страница 322: ...nabled see STATe b on page 14 72 for REFerence STATe the result is the algebraic difference between the input signal and the reference value Reading Input signal Reference On the ohms function the inp...

Страница 323: ...ference for volts amps ohms and coulombs Usage SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 CHARge REFerence ACQuire Details W...

Страница 324: ...ished amps reference for the resistance measurement When an amps reference is established and this command is used to enable the amps reference for ohms the current value used to compute resistance Io...

Страница 325: ...DIGits MAXimum n 4 3 5 digits 5 4 5 digits 6 5 5 digits 7 6 5 digits DEFault 6 5 5 digits MINimum 4 3 5 digits MAXimum 7 6 5 digits Details These commands are used to select display resolution for th...

Страница 326: ...utomatically selects the optimum resolution for the present integration time setting The ONCE parameter is analogous to a momentary toggle switch When AUTO ONCE is sent auto resolution turns on moment...

Страница 327: ...er of readings that are averaged by the filter is set with the COUNt command and the TCONtrol command is used to select the filter mode moving or repeating The STATe command is used to enable or disab...

Страница 328: ...e filter buffer for the averaging calculation The larger the filter count the more filtering that is performed Also see None STATe b This command is used to control the filter for volts amps ohms and...

Страница 329: ...n 1 to 100 Specify noise tolerance in percent DEFault 1 MINimum 0 MAXimum 100 Details Each measurement function can utilize the advanced filter which adds a noise tolerance window to the averaging alg...

Страница 330: ...ian filter Details This command is used to control on or off the median filter When enabled the instrument determines and displays the median reading for the specified number of readings The RANK comm...

Страница 331: ...1 CHARge MEDian RANK NRf RANK NRf 1 to 5 Specify rank Details The number of sample readings used for the median calculation is determined by the selected range 1 to 5 as follows Sample readings 2 R 1...

Страница 332: ...edian filter 0 or OFF Disable median filter Details This command is used to control on or off the median filter When enabled the instrument determines and displays the median reading for the specified...

Страница 333: ...ected range 1 to 5 For example a rank of 5 uses the last 11 readings to determine the median 2 5 1 11 Each new reading replaces the oldest reading and the median is then determined from the updated sa...

Страница 334: ...hen disabled input LO is placed on the inner shell of the triaxial connector see Shielding and guarding on page 3 7 for more information Also see None ADIScharge commands Auto discharge is used to res...

Страница 335: ...This command is used to specify the coulombs level for auto discharge Charge resets when the charge reading reaches the specified level Also see None XFEedback b This command is used to control exter...

Страница 336: ...type Usage SENSe 1 RESistance MSELect name MSELect name NORMal Normal resistance measurements RESistivity Resistivity measurements Details This command is used to select the ohms measurement type NORM...

Страница 337: ...that needs to be entered is the sample thickness for volume resistivity Specify USER when using any other resistivity test fixture When using this type of test fixture you have to be enter the other p...

Страница 338: ...o read the switch setting Surface or Volume of the Model 8009 Resistivity Test Fixture Also see None USER commands The following commands are used to configure the instrument for resistivity measureme...

Страница 339: ...rded electrode g Distance mm between the guarded electrode and the ring electrode Also see None KVOLume NRf This command is used to specify the Kv parameter for volume resistivity Usage SENSe 1 RESist...

Страница 340: ...commands are used to set the logic levels for the digital output port The actual level high or low of a digital output line depends on its programmed polarity If the polarity of a line is active high...

Страница 341: ...by brackets to indicate that they are optional Thus this command can be sent in the following form SOURce VOLTage n Note that the amplitude level is limited by the selected range and programmed volta...

Страница 342: ...the 100 V range Specifying a value 100 selects the 1000 V range You cannot select the 100 V range if the programmed amplitude value is greater than 100 A Settings Conflict error results Also see None...

Страница 343: ...elected range Attempts to enable voltage limit when the present V source level amplitude exceeds the limit value generates a Settings Conflict error Also see None MCONnect b This command is used to co...

Страница 344: ...aced in series with the HI V SOURCE OUT lead to extend the current limit capabilities of the V source When disabled normal current limit occurs at 1 mA Also see None LIMit STATe This command is used t...

Страница 345: ...ecified by the list parameter For this command the chanlist can consist of multiple channels The following examples demonstrate the various forms for expressing the channel list List 2 Single channel...

Страница 346: ...is used to determine the state opened or not opened of each channel specified by the list parameter For this command the chanlist can consist of multiple channels See CLOSe list on page 14 94 for exa...

Страница 347: ...10 to be scanned Details This command is used to define the scan list for the internal scanner card The scan list can contain 2 to 10 channels The following examples demonstrate the various forms for...

Страница 348: ...odel 6517B is enabled by the ROUTe SCAN LSELect EXTernal command Also see None LSELect name This command is used to perform a specific scan operation Usage ROUTe SCAN LSELect name LSELect name INTerna...

Страница 349: ...r each switch closes a measurement does not occur until after the specified settling time expires Also see None SMEThod name This command is used to select the switching method Usage ROUTe SCAN SMETho...

Страница 350: ...uld damage them With the 200V limit enabled the V source can never source more than 200V Note that the SOURce VOLTage LIMit command is also used to set the voltage limit of the V source Of the two vol...

Страница 351: ...Bit B0 reading overflow ROF Set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument PTR or the instrument has gone from an overflow condition to a normal reading condition...

Страница 352: ...bit indicates that the trace buffer pretrigger event has occurred PTR or the operations associated with the pretrigger have been completed NTR Bit B12 out of limits OL Set bit indicates that signal tr...

Страница 353: ...This error clears after successful calibration of the instrument Bit B9 humidity summary Hum Set bit indicates that an invalid relative humidity measurement has occurred PTR or a subsequent valid temp...

Страница 354: ...arm Arm Set bit indicates that the instrument is waiting in an arm layer of the trigger model PTR or operation has proceeded from the arm layers into the trigger layer NTR Bits B7 and B8 Not used Bit...

Страница 355: ...he trigger layer PTR or that the instrument has exited from the trigger layer NTR Bits B2 through B14 Not used Bit B15 Always zero Figure 119 Trigger event register Arm event register Bit B0 Not used...

Страница 356: ...s that instrument operation is in arm layer 1 PTR or that operation has exited from arm layer 1 NTR Bit B2 layer 2 Lay2 Set bit indicates that instrument operation is in arm layer 2 PTR or that operat...

Страница 357: ...rmines the desired state 0 or 1 of each bit in the appropriate register Each event enable register is used as a mask for events See EVENt on page 14 100 for descriptions of events When a bit in an eve...

Страница 358: ...tion 14 SCPI command reference 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 14 107 Figure 122 Measurement event enable register Figure 123 4200_QuestionableEventEnableRegister Figure 124 Operation event enable regi...

Страница 359: ...tion 14 SCPI command reference Model 6517B Electrometer Reference Manual 14 108 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Figure 126 Arm event enable register Figure 127 Sequence event enable register Also see N...

Страница 360: ...en an event is programmed for a positive transition the appropriate bit in the corresponding event register sets when the corresponding bit in the condition register changes from 0 to 1 For example if...

Страница 361: ...high limit 2 setting Reading available Sets B5 after a reading is taken and processed Reading underflow Sets B6 when an ohms reading is below the lower range limit Buffer available Sets B7 when the t...

Страница 362: ...alid volts measurement occurs Amps summary Sets B1 when an invalid amps measurement occurs Temperature summary Sets B4 when an invalid external temperature reading occurs Humidity summary Sets B9 when...

Страница 363: ...ransition effect on operation event register Calibrating Sets B0 at the start of calibration Trigger layer Sets B5 when waiting in the trigger layer Arm layer Sets B6 when waiting in an arm layer Calc...

Страница 364: ...mmand reference 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 14 113 Positive transition effect on trigger event register Trigger event Positive transition effect on trigger event register Sequence 1 Sets B1 when wa...

Страница 365: ...lectrometer Reference Manual 14 114 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Positive transition effect on arm event register Arm event Positive transition effect on arm event register Sequence 1 Sets B1 when i...

Страница 366: ...B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 14 115 Positive transition effect on sequence event register Sequence event Positive transition effect on sequence event register Layer 1 Sets B1 when in Arm Layer 1 Layer 2...

Страница 367: ...as a 1 to 0 state change in the condition register Thus when an event is programmed for a negative transition the appropriate bit in the corresponding event register sets when the corresponding bit i...

Страница 368: ...source compliance Sets B14 when V source comes out of compliance Negative transition effect on questionable event register Questionable event Negative transition effect on questionable event register...

Страница 369: ...s are used to read the contents of the condition registers Each set of event registers except the standard event register set has a condition register A condition register is similar to its correspond...

Страница 370: ...ansition filter registers are set to one 1 2 All bits of the negative transition filter registers are cleared to zero 0 3 All bits of the following registers are cleared to zero 0 a Operation event en...

Страница 371: ...f the queue becomes full the message 350 Queue Overflow occupies the last memory location in the register On power up the error queue is empty When the error queue is empty the message 0 No error is p...

Страница 372: ...ify which messages you want enabled Messages not specified are disabled and prevented from entering the queue When this command is sent all messages are disabled then the messages specified in the lis...

Страница 373: ...ssages are specified by numbers see Status and error messages on page 2 11 Also see ENABle list on page 14 121 CLEar This command is used to clear the error queue Usage STATus QUEue CLEar Details This...

Страница 374: ...conditions With PRESet selected the instrument powers up to the SYStem PRESet default conditions Default conditions are listed in the SCPI tables refer to the SCPI command summary on page 14 6 With o...

Страница 375: ...ges and positive numbers are used for Keithley Instruments defined messages Refer to Status and error messages on page 2 11 for a list of the messages The SYSTem ERRor query command performs the same...

Страница 376: ...MENU 19 OPER 5 Q 20 TRIG 6 FILTER 21 RECALL 7 LOCAL 22 I 8 PREV 23 Z CHK 9 AUTO 26 V source Down Arrow 10 Right Arrow 27 SEQ 11 EXIT 28 CONFIG 12 CARD 29 R 13 MATH 30 REL 14 STORE 31 INFO 15 V Detail...

Страница 377: ...PREV key a similar number of times or by sending the DISPlay CNDisplay command For example you can display the bar graph by pressing the NEXT key twice as follows syst key 16 key 16 To return to the...

Страница 378: ...us date is retained Also see None TIME hr min sec This command is used to set the time for the clock Usage SYSTem TIME hr min sec TIME hr 0 to 23 Specify hour 24 hr format min 0 to 59 Specify minute s...

Страница 379: ...to a timer The timer starts at zero seconds when the instrument is turned on or when the time stamp is reset RELative is a 55 day max clock with 1 s resolution Also see RELative RESet on page 14 128 R...

Страница 380: ...01 Rev C August 2015 14 129 Zero check and zero correct commands ZCHeck b This command controls zero check Usage SYSTem ZCHeck b ZCHeck b 0 or OFF Disable zero check 1 or ON Enable zero check Details...

Страница 381: ...to first acquire the zero correct value and then use this command to enable Zero Correct Example 2 demonstrates this method Example 1 SYSTem ZCHeck ON SYSTem ZCORrect ON Enable zero check Perform zero...

Страница 382: ...to NORMal delays measurements after changing ranges to help avoid oscillating between ranges Also see None TSControl b This command controls external temperature readings Usage SYSTem TSControl b TSC...

Страница 383: ...humidity reading in the data string Also see None HLControl b This command controls the A D hardware limit Usage SYSTem HLControl b HLControl b 0 or OFF Disable A D hardware limit 1 or ON Enable A D...

Страница 384: ...mmunications This action command is used to take the Model 6517B out of the remote state and enables the operation of front panel keys Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface...

Страница 385: ...out of remote restores front panel key operation but does not change the status of the LLOCkout command Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface Also see LOCal on page 14 133...

Страница 386: ...etails This command specifies which control source is used as the trigger event for instrument readings If in the continuous trigger mode the instrument continuously makes readings when the specified...

Страница 387: ...is used to determine if the safety interlock cable is connected to the Model 6517B The response message is interpreted as follows 1 Interlock cable connected to the 6517B and fixture or not connected...

Страница 388: ...ar the buffer of readings If you do not clear the buffer a subsequent store overwrites the old readings If the subsequent store is aborted before the buffer becomes full you could end up with some old...

Страница 389: ...y number or readings DEFault 100 MAXimum See Data elements on page 8 1 MINimum 1 Details This command is used to specify the size of the buffer When the specified number of readings are stored in the...

Страница 390: ...50 000 readings Disabling auto buffer sizing does not affect the size of the buffer It simply means that you must then use the POINts command to change the buffer size If you use the POINts command t...

Страница 391: ...dings When a pre trigger store is started readings are continuously stored in the buffer When the pre trigger event occurs post trigger readings fill the part of the buffer that is not reserved for pr...

Страница 392: ...enerates an error The command is ignored Also see POINts n on page 14 138 SOURce name This command is used to specify a pre trigger event Usage TRACe FEED PRETrigger SOURce name SOURce name TLINk Use...

Страница 393: ...lls readings overwrite the previously stored readings When PRETrigger is selected the buffer stores readings continuously like ALWays until the programmed pre trigger event occurs When the pre trigger...

Страница 394: ...stem Note that this command only works while the alternating polarity test sequence is running or waiting for a control source event to start the test sequence Also see None TSTamp FORMat name This co...

Страница 395: ...d by commas Details READing STATus RNUMber reading number and UNIT are always enabled for the buffer and are included in the response for the query ELEMents This command is used to include additional...

Страница 396: ...completed the instrument leaves the trigger layers and returns to the idle state if continuous initiation is disabled Also see CONTinuous b on page 14 145 CONTinuous b This command is used to control...

Страница 397: ...all pending operations of an initiate command are completed Also see OPC operation complete on page 12 8 OPC operation complete query on page 12 9 ABORt This command is used to abort the operation Us...

Страница 398: ...when this command is sent Otherwise an error occurs and the command is ignored When the command is sent the bypass occurs and operation continues on Also see None COUNT n This command is used to set...

Страница 399: ...Lay MINimum DELay MAXimum n 0 to 999999 999 Specify delay in seconds DEFault 0 second delay MINimum 0 second delay MAXimum 999999 999 second delay Details These delay periods are used to delay operati...

Страница 400: ...nt is 1 HOLD is again enforced when operation loops back around With IMMediate selected do not confuse SOURce IMMediate with IMMediate operation immediately passes through the specified layer A specif...

Страница 401: ...erval for the scan layer and measure layer timers Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source Also note that the arm layer Arm Layer 1 does not use a timer Also s...

Страница 402: ...s Asynchronous trigger link mode Synchronous Semi synchronous trigger link mode Details This command is used to select the protocol for the measure layer trigger link With ASYNchronous selected separa...

Страница 403: ...the delay If programmed for another pass through the specified layer count 1 the bypass loop is not in effect even though it is still enabled The bypass loop is in effect if operation first goes back...

Страница 404: ...not share the same line If you assign the input to a line that is already being used for the output an error occurs and the command is ignored Also see OLINe NRf on page 14 153 OLINe NRf This command...

Страница 405: ...ronous trigger link Also see None RTCLock commands The following commands are used to specify the date and time for the RTCLock control source see TSTamp commands on page 14 127 for more information D...

Страница 406: ...hundredth of a second Also see None TSEQuence subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the built in test sequences and are summarized in TSEQuence command summary on...

Страница 407: ...nt occurs When using this command for the alternating polarity High resistance resistivity transition filters wait at least 0 3 seconds before using the TRG trigger command Also see TSOurce name on pa...

Страница 408: ...ent test SRESistivity Surface resistivity test VRESistivity Volume resistivity test SIResistivity Surface insulation resistance test SQSWeep Square wave sweep test STSWeep Staircase sweep test ALTPola...

Страница 409: ...is taken out of the idle state The INITiate and INITiate CONTinuous ON commands take the instrument out of the idle state Note that if the instrument is already in the continuous measurement mode not...

Страница 410: ...selected TLINe queries the trigger link line Also see TSOurce name on page 14 158 STARt NRf This command specifies the start voltage for a diode leakage or staircase sweep test Usage TSEQuence DLEaka...

Страница 411: ...he specified test TSEQuence DLEakage STOP NRf stops voltage diode leakage test TSEQuence STSWeep STOP NRf stops voltage staircase sweep test STOP queries the stop voltage Also see None STEP NRf This c...

Страница 412: ...leakage test Details This command is used to specify the measure time for the specified test Note that the resistor voltage coefficient test uses two measure delays delay 1 and delay 2 This configura...

Страница 413: ...n command is used for the following tests Capacitor leakage test Cable insulation resistance test Resistor voltage coefficient test Surface resistivity test Volume resistivity test Surface insulation...

Страница 414: ...Details This command is used to specify the bias time for the specified test This configuration command is used for the following tests Surface resistivity test Volume resistivity test Surface insulat...

Страница 415: ...pecifies the discharge time for the volume resistivity test DTIMe queries the discharge time Also see None PDTime NRf This command specifies the pre discharge time for the specified test Usage TSEQuen...

Страница 416: ...range Details This command is used to specify the measure voltage for the specified test This configuration command is used for the following tests Surface resistivity test Volume resistivity test Su...

Страница 417: ...cify the measure time for the specified test This configuration command is used for the following tests Surface resistivity test Volume resistivity test Surface insulation resistance test Alternating...

Страница 418: ...0 to 100 0 Volts 100V range 1000 to 1000 Volts 1000V range Details This configuration command is used for the square wave sweep test HLEVel queries the high level voltage Also see None HTIMe NRf This...

Страница 419: ...f 100 0 to 100 0 Volts 100V range 1000 to 1000 Volts 1000V range Details This configuration command is used for the square wave sweep test LLEVel queries low level voltage Also see None LTIMe NRf This...

Страница 420: ...t Also see None OFSVoltage NRf This command specifies the offset voltage for the alternating polarity resistance resistivity test Usage TSEQuence ALTPolarity OFSVoltage NRf OFSVoltage NRf 1000 to 1000...

Страница 421: ...f 1 to MAXimum Number of readings DEFAULT 1 MAXimum See Table 8 2 MINimum 1 Details READings queries number of readings to store Also see None DISCard NRf This command specifies the number of initial...

Страница 422: ...eakage test points TSEQuence CIResistance SPOints specifies the resistance test points SPOints queries the number of points Also see None SPINterval NRf This command specifies the time interval betwee...

Страница 423: ...readings TEMPerature name These commands select and query temperature units Usage UNIT TEMPerature name TEMPerature name C or CEL C temperature units F or FAR F temperature units K K temperature units...

Страница 424: ...ent is still under warranty and its performance is outside specified limits contact your Keithley Instruments representative or the factory to determine the correct course of action Calibration Proced...

Страница 425: ...cedure should only be performed by qualified service personnel and only after the instrument has met the warm up criteria described in Warm up period on page 15 2 The following steps are for a complet...

Страница 426: ...en take the DMM voltage reading CAL PROT VOFF2 dmm voltage reading CAL PROT VOFF3 5 Allow the input to settle for 10 seconds then take the DMM voltage reading CAL PROT VOFF4 dmm voltage reading 2 nA t...

Страница 427: ...PROT VOFF2 dmm voltage reading CAL PROT VOFF3 5 Allow the input to settle for 10 seconds then take the DMM voltage reading CAL PROT VOFF4 dmm voltage reading 2 mA to 20 mA range voltage offset To cali...

Страница 428: ...CAL PROT VOFF4 dmm voltage reading Coulombs ranges voltage offset To calibrate the voltage offset for each range 1 Connect the DMM to the Model 6517B preamp output Set the DMM range to 1 V DC Place th...

Страница 429: ...rate the current offset for each range 1 Connect the DMM to the Model 6517B preamp output and place the triaxial cap on the Model 6517B input CAL PROT IOFF STEP 2 CAL PROT IOFF1 2 Allow the input to s...

Страница 430: ...elay CAL PROT AZERO2M Obtains measured A D zero for 2 mA Range 1 s delay CAL PROT AZERO200U Obtains measured A D zero for 200 mA Range 3 s delay CAL PROT AZERO20U Obtains measured A D zero for 20 mA R...

Страница 431: ...Turn the DC current calibrator output on c For each polarity apply the currents between 20 A and 20 mA listed in the Model 6517B range full scale current column of the below table to the model 6517B...

Страница 432: ...lue CAL PROT A20P value 200 pA CAL PROT AN200P value CAL PROT A200P value 2 nA CAL PROT AN2N value CAL PROT A2N value 20 nA CAL PROT AN20N value CAL PROT A20N value 200 nA CAL PROT AN200N value CAL PR...

Страница 433: ...nF 2 mC 2 Connect the capacitor stated in the Standard capacitor column in the above table 3 Set the calibrator voltage output to 0 0 V 4 Calculate the actual charge see Step 1 and send the command i...

Страница 434: ...ted calibrate each polarity of each range a Apply the voltage listed in the first column of the below table b Send the calibration command listed in the second column of the below table with the volta...

Страница 435: ...ROT VSRCN100 DMM voltage reading CAL PROT VSET40 5 Take the DMM voltage reading and then send the following command CAL PROT VSRC40 DMM voltage reading 1000 V range calibration To calibrate the 1000 V...

Страница 436: ...calibrate 100 C 4 096 mV CAL PROT T100 0 004096 3 Set the calibrator to 0 C and then send the following command to calibrate 0 C CAL PROT TZERO 4 Set the calibrator to 25 C and then send the followin...

Страница 437: ...performed the calibration date and the next calibration due date must be set before the calibration can be saved Voltage offset partial calibration All calibration steps are to be performed if perform...

Страница 438: ...n If an individual current range of the Model 6517B is calibrated the three steps corresponding to a single current range need to be performed 1 Calibration of the range zero 2 Calibration of the posi...

Страница 439: ...sitive full scale point 5 Starting the voltage source negative full scale calibration step 6 Calibrating the voltage source negative full scale point 7 Starting the voltage source positive 40 calibrat...

Страница 440: ...nt ranges 3 2 mA 20 mA and 200 mA current ranges 4 2 mA and 20 mA current ranges 5 2 V 20 V and 200 V voltage ranges 6 2 nC 20 nC 200 nC and 2 mC charge ranges Note that for each voltage offset calibr...

Страница 441: ...rrent ranges 3 2 nC and 20 nC charge ranges 4 200 nC and 2 mC charge ranges 5 2 V 20 V and 200 V voltage ranges For current offset calibration steps 1 and 2 only the commands in the following table mu...

Страница 442: ...CZEROB2N Start 2 nC range calibration CAL PROT CN2N 2nC value Calibrate the 2 nC range CAL PROT CZEROA20N Start 20 nC range calibration CAL PROT C20N 20nC value Calibrate the 20 nC range CAL PROT CZER...

Страница 443: ...ge CAL PROT AN2N 2 nA value Calibrate the 2 nA range CAL PROT AZERO20N Calibrate the 20 nA range zero CAL PROT A20N 20 nA value Calibrate the 20 nA range CAL PROT AN20N 20 nA value Calibrate the 20 nA...

Страница 444: ...odel 6517B voltage measurement calibration commands Voltage measurement calibration commands Command Description CAL PROT VZERO2 Calibrate the 2 V range zero CAL PROT V2 2 V value Calibrate the 2 V ra...

Страница 445: ...nge CAL PROT VSET40 Start the 40 V calibration CAL PROT VSRC40 measured voltage Calibrate the 40 V output CAL PROT VSETZ1000 Start the 1000 V range zero calibration CAL PROT VSRCZ1000 measured voltage...

Страница 446: ...te the temperature 25 C range Miscellaneous calibration commands This is a list of the remaining Model 6517B calibration commands Miscellaneous calibration commands Command Description CAL PROT COUNT...

Страница 447: ...dlocked 420 Query unterminated 410 Query interrupted 363 Input buffer overrun 350 Queue overflow 314 Save recall memory lost 259 Expression error 241 Hardware missing 230 Data corrupt or stale 225 Out...

Страница 448: ...data not allowed 144 Character data too long 141 Invalid character data 140 Character data error 124 Too many digits 123 Exponent too large 121 Invalid character in number 120 Numeric data error 113...

Страница 449: ...in trigger layer 172 Waiting in arm layer 1 173 Waiting in arm layer 2 174 Re entering idle layer 301 Reading overflow 302 Low limit 1 event 303 High limit 1 event 304 Low limit 2 event 305 High limit...

Страница 450: ...tion 358 200 V negative gain out of specification 359 20 pA offset out of specification 360 20 pA positive gain out of specification 361 20 pA negative gain out of specification 362 200 pA offset out...

Страница 451: ...e gain out of specification 385 2 mA negative gain out of specification 386 20 mA offset out of specification 387 20 mA positive gain out of specification 388 20 mA negative gain out of specification...

Страница 452: ...egative gain out of specification 421 Current offset not converging 422 Voltage offset not converging 423 Date of calibration not set 424 Next date of calibration not set 425 Calibration data invalid...

Страница 453: ...ity current out of limits 700 Low battery detected 800 RS 232 framing error detected 802 RS 232 overrun detected 803 RS 232 break detected 805 Invalid system communication 808 ASCII only with RS 232 8...

Страница 454: ...e if calibration is required Following calibration to make sure it was performed properly The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel only Do not attempt these procedur...

Страница 455: ...istors with a value known to the listed uncertainty 100 G 850 ppm 10 G 550 ppm 1 G 550 ppm 100 M 250 ppm Uncalibrated precision resistors 10 M 1 M 10 K 1 K 10 1 Precision capacitors with a value known...

Страница 456: ...eft or right arrow keys and press then ENTER The following menu is displayed Restoring PRESET Verification procedures All test configurations must be properly grounded If the triaxial to BNC adapter t...

Страница 457: ...nder Considerations on page 16 3 4 Select the DCV 2 V range from the front panel Refer to Measurement range on page 5 17 for more information on page 5 17 5 With zero check enabled press REL to turn o...

Страница 458: ...do not include test equipment uncertainties DC amps verification The DC amps verification procedure is performed by applying known currents to the Model 6517B input and verifying that the reading fal...

Страница 459: ...cord the calibrator voltage 9 Set the calibrator to the actual voltage See the calibrator documentation for detailed instructions 10 Make sure the calibrator is in operate 11 Allow the reading to sett...

Страница 460: ...et the calibrator to 0 0 amps then turn off zero check Allow the reading to stabilize completely before continuing 7 Press REL to enable the Model 6517B REL function 8 Set the calibrator to output 19...

Страница 461: ...n charge values derived from a voltage source and capacitor to the Model 6517B input jack and then verifying that the Model 6517B readings fall within specified limits 1 Connect the Model 6517B to the...

Страница 462: ...nge as the nominal value to be used 8 Turn off zero check and then set the calibrator output to the desired voltage Allow the reading to settle completely 9 Verify that the Model 6517B reading is with...

Страница 463: ...e and turn the voltage source on 8 Set the voltage source to 0 0 V and then verify the readings are within the range specified in the table below 9 Repeat step 8 for each voltage listed in the 100 V r...

Страница 464: ...select TEMPERATURE and use the range up or range down key to select ON Press ENTER then press EXIT three times to return to the measurement display Press PREV to view the external temperature 4 Set t...

Страница 465: ...or each of the voltage setting list in the table Limits for humidity verification Applied voltage Humidity reading limits 1 year 18 to 28 C 0 0 V 0 to 1 0 25 V 24 to 26 0 5 V 49 to 51 0 75 V 74 to 76...

Страница 466: ...dures you must make certain that the instrument is properly configured as follows Failure to do so results in erroneous or erratic measurements Step 1 Select the auto voltage source mode 1 Press CONFI...

Страница 467: ...for the 20M and 200M ranges 10 Turn off the Model 6517B voltage source then disconnect the resistance calibrator from the Model 6517B Figure 139 Connections for ohms verification 2 M to 200 M range Mo...

Страница 468: ...re that zero check is disabled and allow the reading to settle 6 Verify that the displayed reading is within the calculated reading limits listed in the Limits for ohms verification table 7 Repeat ste...

Страница 469: ...eck is disabled and allow the reading to settle 5 Verify that the displayed reading is within the calculated limits listed in the Limits for ohms verification table 6 Repeat steps 2 through 5 for the...

Страница 470: ...s Accuracy rdg counts The following example shows how to compute accuracy for the 2 V range Assume that the voltage you are measuring is reading exactly 1 00000 V on the 2 V range From the specificati...

Страница 471: ...he 20 mA range equals 00 0005 mA Therefore the accuracy range for the 10 0000 mA reading is 9 9895 mA to 10 0105 mA Calculating ohms accuracy The following information shows how to calculate auto V so...

Страница 472: ...curacy rdg counts The following example shows how to compute accuracy for the 2 C range Assume that the charge you are measuring is reading exactly 1 00000 C on the 2 C range From the specifications A...

Страница 473: ...alternating polarity measurement is 15 seconds IBG is measured with no voltage applied under normal measurement conditions and 15 seconds according to the user s choice for the measurement of readings...

Страница 474: ...listed in the below table Model 6517B interface function codes Code Interface function SH1 Source handshake capability AH1 Acceptor handshake capability T5 Talker basic talker talk only serial poll u...

Страница 475: ...bus from other devices is provided by the L function Listener capabilities L4 of the instrument exist only after it has been addressed to listen SR service request function SR1 defines the ability of...

Страница 476: ...Decimal Hexadecimal ASCII IEEE 488 messages Decimal Hexadecimal ASCII IEEE 488 messages 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL GTL SDC PPC 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 1...

Страница 477: ...13 MLA 14 MLA 15 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F G H I J K L M N O MTA 7 MTA 8 MTA 9 MTA 10 MTA 11 MTA 12 MTA 13 MTA 14 MTA 15 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 0 1...

Страница 478: ...PE 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 p q r s t u v w MSA 16 PPD MSA 17 PPD MSA 18 PPD MSA 19 PPD MSA 20 PPD MSA 21 PPD MSA 22 PPD MSA 23 PPD 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 68 69...

Страница 479: ...r Each listener is then referred to as an active listener Devices that do not need to listen are instructed to unlisten The reason for the unlisten instruction is to optimize the speed of bus informat...

Страница 480: ...E 488 bus is limited to 15 devices including the controller Therefore any number of talkers and listeners up to that limit may be present on the bus at one time Although several devices may be command...

Страница 481: ...ement and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place Each bus line is active low with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 true The following paragraphs desc...

Страница 482: ...more important management lines because the state of this line determines how information on the data bus is interpreted IFC interface clear As the name implies the IFC line controls clearing of instr...

Страница 483: ...e data byte The complete handshake sequence for one data byte is shown in the below figure Once data is placed on the data lines the source checks to see that NRFD is high indicating that all active d...

Страница 484: ...commands and their general purposes are summarized in the following table IEEE 488 bus command summary Command type Command State of ATN line Comments Uniline REN remote enable EOI IFC interface clear...

Страница 485: ...s to be transmitted easily IFC interface clear IFC is used to clear the interface and return all devices to the talker and listener idle states ATN attention The controller sends ATN while transmittin...

Страница 486: ...y command groups and a secondary address group ATN is true when these commands are asserted The commands include LAG listen address group These listen commands are derived from an instrument s primary...

Страница 487: ...y the instrument manufacturer and are based on the instrument model defined by the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI Consortium s SCPI standard Generally these commands are sent as o...

Страница 488: ...e Manual D 10 6517B 901 01 Rev C August 2015 Command codes Command codes for the various commands that use the data lines are summarized in the below figure Figure 144 Command codes Typical addressed...

Страница 489: ...1 2 3 4 UNL LAG SDC Set low Stays low Stays low Returns high EOT 3F 3B 04 63 59 4 Assumes primary address 27 Typical common command sequence Step Command ATN state Data bus ASCII Hex Decimal 1 2 3 4...

Страница 490: ...ypical addressed command sequence Step Command ATN state Data bus ASCII Hex Decimal 1 2 3 4 UNL LAG SDC Set low Stays low Stays low Returns high EOT 3F 3B 04 63 59 4 Assumes primary address 27 The bel...

Страница 491: ...SPD Serial poll disable SPE Serial poll enable Address command group LISTEN TALK LAG Listen address group MLA My listen address UNL Unlisten TAG Talk address group MTA My talk address UNT Untalk OTA...

Страница 492: ...In this appendix Information E 2 Appendix E IEEE 488 conformance...

Страница 493: ...sage unit None c Queries that generate a response when parsed All queries common commands and SCPI d Queries that generate a response when read None e Coupled commands See the following table 6 Functi...

Страница 494: ...Requirement Description or reference 20 TST information See Common commands on page 12 1 21 Status register structure See Status structure on page 13 1 22 Sequential or overlapped commands All are seq...

Страница 495: ...D PRET AM O PERC 100 NEV TRAC FEED PRET AMO READ TRAC FEED PRET AMO PERC TRAC FEED CONT TRAC FEED PRET AMO READ TRAC POIN 100 NEV TRAC CLE TRAC FEED CONT NEV APER APER AUTO NPLC AUTO NPLC DIG OFF OFF...

Страница 496: ...C AVER AUTO is ON CURR DC AVER AUTO is ON CURR DC AVER AUTO is ON CURR DC AVER AUTO is ON CURR DC AVER AUTO is ON FREQ THR VOLT T TL FREQ THR VOLT RANG FREQ THR VOLT LEV 10 0 8 TEMP TRAN ROUT SCAN INT...

Страница 497: ...on page 14 7 CALibration CALibration command reference on page 15 17 DISPlay DISPlay command summary on page 14 9 FORMat FORMat command summary on page 14 10 OUTPut OUTPut command summary on page 14...

Страница 498: ...operty of Keithley Instruments All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies Keithley Instruments Corporate Headquarters 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 44...

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