Getting Started
R&S
®
ZNL/ZNLE
54
User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 19
By default the sweep range is set to the frequency range of the analyzer, which can be
unsuitable for your DUT. The following procedure shows you how to configure a
smaller sweep range.
1. Select [Freq] and set the "Start Frequency" to the lowest frequency you want to
measure (e.g. 1.77 GHz). For convenient data entry, double-tap/click the input field
to open the "Numeric Editor".
Tip:
If you use the keypad at the front panel for data entry, type [1][.][7][7] and ter-
minate the entry with the [G/n] key.
Refer to
Chapter 4.4.3, "Entering data"
on page 78 to learn more about entering
numeric values and characters.
2. In the "Stop Frequency" input field, enter the highest frequency you want to mea-
sure (e.g. 2.5 GHz).
3. Select [Scale] > "Scale Values" and activate the "Auto Scale Trace" function. The
analyzer adjusts the scale of the diagram to fit in the entire S
21
trace, leaving an
appropriate display margin.
Calibrating the instrument
Calibration (system error correction) is the process of eliminating systematic, reprodu-
cible errors from the measurement results. E.g., in the current test setup, the connect-
ing cables between the analyzer ports and the DUT introduce an attenuation and a
phase shift of the waves. Both effects impair the accuracy of the S-parameter mea-
surement.
The analyzer provides a wide range of sophisticated calibration methods for all types of
measurements. The calibration method to select depends on the expected system
errors, the accuracy requirements of the measurement, on the test setup and on the
types of calibration standards available.
The following example requires a calibration kit with a male Through standard with
known transmission characteristics for the related test port connector type and gender.
With a single Through, it is possible to perform a transmission normalization, compen-
sating for a frequency-dependent attenuation and phase shift in the signal paths.
Trying out the instrument