Arcteq AQ-T257 Скачать руководство пользователя

Страница: 136 / 359

5.4.17. Transformer thermal overload protection TT> (49TR)

Thermal overload function for transformers (TOLT) is used for power transformers thermal capacity

monitoring and protection.

TOLT function constantly monitors phase TRMS currents (including harmonics up to 31

) instant

values and calculates the set thermal replica status in 5 ms cycles. TOLT function includes total

memory function of the load-current conditions according to IEC 60255-8

TOLT function is based into thermal replica, which represents the protected object or cable thermal

loading in relation to the current going through the object. Thermal replica includes the calculated

thermal capacity used in the “memory” since it is integral function which tells apart this function from

normal overcurrent function operating principle for the overload protection applications.

Thermal image for the TOLT function is calculated according to equation described below:

, where

= Thermal image status in percent of the maximum thermal capacity available

t-1

= Thermal image status in previous calculation cycle (the memory of the function)

MAX

= Measured maximum of the three TRMS phase currents

= Current for the 100 % thermal capacity to be used (pick-up current in p.u., with this current

max

will be achieved in time t x 5)

= Loading factor (service factor) coef cient, maximum allowed load current in per unit value

depend of the protected object or cable/line installation
k

AMB

= Temperature correction factor either from linear approximation or settable 10 point

thermal capacity curve.
τ

= Thermal heating time constant of the protected object (in minutes)

e = Euler’s number
t = Calculation time step in seconds (0.005s)

The basic operating principle of the thermal replica is based into that the nominal temperature rise is

achieved when the protected object is loaded with nominal load in nominal ambient temperature. When

the object is loaded with nominal load for time equal its heating constant tau (τ), 63% of the nominal

thermal capacity is used. When the loading continues until ve times this given constant the used

thermal capacity inde nitely approaches to 100% but never exceeds it. With a single time constant

model cooling of the object follows this same behavior reversible to the heating when the current

feeding is completely zero.

AQ-T257
Instruction manual

Version: 2.00

135

Содержание AQ-T257

Страница 1: ...AQ T257 Transformer protection IED Instruction manual...

Страница 2: ...Restricted earth fault cable end differential REF I0D 87N 5 4 9 Overvoltage U 59 5 4 10 Undervoltage U 27 5 4 11 Neutral voltage U0 59N 5 4 12 Sequence voltage U1 U2 59P 27P 47 5 4 13 Over and underfr...

Страница 3: ...Serial RS232 communication module option 8 10 LC100 Ethernet communication module option 8 11 mAout mAinput module option 8 12 Installation dimensioning 9 Technical data 9 1 Hardware 9 1 1 Measuremen...

Страница 4: ...or alarm 49RTD T 9 2 1 18 Transformer monitoring function TRF 9 2 1 19 Transformer differential 87T 87R Idb Idi HV Iod LV Iod 9 2 1 20 Arc protection 50ARC 50NARC IARC I0ARC option 9 2 2 Control funct...

Страница 5: ...xtend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the...

Страница 7: ...sion 1 00 Date 13 4 2016 Changes The rst revision for AQ T256 T257 and T259 IEDs Revision 1 01 Date 10 2 2017 Changes Order code updated Added programmable stage description Revision 1 02 Date 9 1 201...

Страница 8: ...rdware IED Intelligent electronic device IO Input output LED Light emitting diode LV Low voltage MV Medium voltage NC Normally closed NO Normally open RMS Root mean square SF System failure TMS Time m...

Страница 9: ...pt The hardware modules are assembled and con gured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions This manual describes the speci c applications of t...

Страница 10: ...ure 4 default LEDs for free con guration Power Error Start and Trip 16 freely con gurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with Ctrl button c...

Страница 11: ...g return key while the lock is selected If you need to change the password you can select the key icon again and give a new password Please note that in order to do this the user level must be unlocke...

Страница 12: ...C4 Ih Ih Ih Ih 50h 51h 68h Detection and blocking or tripping from selectable 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17th 19th harmonic Phase currents and residual currents separate stages 4 stages CB...

Страница 13: ...Description CTS Current transformer supervision VTS 60 Fuse failure DR Disturbance recorder MR Measurement recorder CBW Circuit breaker wear monitor THD Total harmonic distortion VREC Measurement valu...

Страница 14: ...alculates scaling factors based onto the set CT primary secondary and nominal current values Relay measures secondary current which in this case mean the current output from the current transformer wh...

Страница 15: ...re current transformers the ratings may be different Ring core current transformers are commonly used for sensitive earth fault protection and their rated secondary may be as low as 0 2 A in some case...

Страница 16: ...hat P1 S1 side of the CTs are always wired to the odd inputs of the relay CT module the Differential calculation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Subtract Du...

Страница 17: ...aracteristics menu which is located under the protection main menu CT module 1 and 2 ratio can be set directly under the same menu or optionally under Measurement Transformers menu Per unit PU scaling...

Страница 18: ...hould be set to phase current CT ratings 100 5A Figure 5 2 1 6 Residual current I01 scaling to summing connection For the sensitive residual current I02 measurement the CT primary and secondary curren...

Страница 19: ...culation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Add The difference to the rst application is that here the CTs are pointing towards the protected object instead of...

Страница 20: ...unit value with Phase CT secondary side current it is possible to get the nominal secondary current of transformer as Amperes This current can be used when the unit is commissioned and the directions...

Страница 21: ...ry IED feedback value scaling factor from p u value to secondary current Table 5 2 1 7 Settings of the residual I01 CT scaling Name Range Step Default Description I01 CT primary 1 5000 0A 0 1A 100 0A...

Страница 22: ...urrent inputs Table 5 2 1 13 Per unit residual current measurements Name Range Step Description Residual current I01 0 00 1250 0xIn 0 01xIn Per unit measurement from residual current channel I01 funda...

Страница 23: ...360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I01 current input Residual current angle I02 0 00 360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I02 current input Calculated...

Страница 24: ...harmonics per component for current input IL2 IL3 Harmonics IL3 fund IL3 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input IL3 I01 Harmonics I01 fun...

Страница 25: ...nce the scaling settings are flexible in large ranges VT scaling example The connection of VTs to the IED measurement inputs and the ratings of the voltage transformers are as in following gure In gur...

Страница 26: ...ling factor P S tells the VT primary to secondary ratio Per unit scaling factors to primary and secondary values are also shown Triggering of voltage protection stage can be based on single dual or al...

Страница 27: ...de 2 voltage measurement Synchro check In case 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected the third channel U3 can be used to similar purpose Be noticed that U0 can be measured only by using one channel Figure 5 2 2...

Страница 28: ...voltage which has same ratio 20000 100 V Troubleshooting It is possible that for some reason the measured voltages may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check...

Страница 29: ...4 mode U0 or SS 0 NotUsed 1 U0 2 SS 0 NotUsed Voltage channel U3 can be used to measure zero sequence voltage U0 or Synchro check voltage SS In case these are not needed the default setting NotUsed sh...

Страница 30: ...el U3 Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u Pri IED voltage channel U3 feedback value scaling factor from p u value to primary voltage Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u S...

Страница 31: ...seq Volt sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated zero sequence voltage U0 Calc sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated residual voltage Table 5 2 2 30 Sequen...

Страница 32: ...ry measured Synchro check SS angle Table 5 2 2 33 Harmonic voltage measurements Name Range Step Description U1 Harmonics U1 fund U1 31harm 0 00 100000 0V 0 01V Selectable per unit primary and secondar...

Страница 33: ...three phase active power P calculation Where phi is the angle difference between voltage and current Below is presented formula for three phase reactive power Q calculation Active power direction can...

Страница 34: ...oubleshooting Check troubleshooting section in chapters Current measurement and scaling and Voltage measurement and scaling Faulty power and energy measurement is normally related to same issues wirin...

Страница 35: ...calculator Goes back to state automatically after reset Table 5 2 3 35 Energy Dose Counter 1 settings Name Range Step Default Description Energy dose counter mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Ena...

Страница 36: ...hase L1 reactive power direction L1 PF 1x106 1x106 0 0001 Phase L1 power factor Table 5 2 3 39 Phase L2 power calculation Name Range Step Description L2 Apparent power S 1x106 1x106 kVA 0 01kVA Phase...

Страница 37: ...p Imp React Ind E bal MVarh 999999995904 000 999999995904 000kVarh MVarh 0 01 kVarh MVarh Sum of imported and exported reactive inductive energy Table 5 2 3 42 Phase L1 energy calculation Name Range S...

Страница 38: ...Wh MWh Phase L3 exported active energy L3 Imp Active Energy Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Phase L3 imported active energy L3 Exp Imp Act E balance Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Sum of imported a...

Страница 39: ...71 3PH P 17 32 L1 Q 2 89 L2 Q 3 94 L3 Q 1 06 3PH Q 0 01 L1 Tan 1 00 L2 Tan 0 83 L3 Tan 0 11 3PH Tan 0 00 L1 Cos 0 71 L2 Cos 0 77 L3 Cos 0 99 3PH Cos 0 87 Voltages Line to line Currents VA 100 00V 30...

Страница 40: ...6 Hz to 75 Hz Measurement error with frequency tracking when frequency changes Constant current of 5A frequency sweep from 6 Hz to 75 Hz As can be seen in the gure above the sampling frequency has ma...

Страница 41: ...e measured currents may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check Resolution Measured current or voltage amplitude is too low compared to what it should be Value...

Страница 42: ...ng mode is active and start behavior is Use nom or tracked Tracked F CHA 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel A tracked frequency rough value Tracked F CHB 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel B tra...

Страница 43: ...tant and time delayed overcurrent short circuit protection for various applications including feeder lter and machine applications of utilities and industry The number of available instances of the fu...

Страница 44: ...k measurement from samples and by user selection the monitored magnitude can be either fundamental frequency RMS values True RMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components or peak to peak...

Страница 45: ...es and single dual or all phases Im exceed of the Iset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 1 51 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Iset Pick u...

Страница 46: ...ter General properties of a protection function Events and registers The NOC function generates events and registers from the status changes of start trip and blocked To main event buffer is possible...

Страница 47: ...Trip Off 1408 22 NOC3 0 Start ON 1409 22 NOC3 1 Start OFF 1410 22 NOC3 2 Trip ON 1411 22 NOC3 3 Trip OFF 1412 22 NOC3 4 Block ON 1413 22 NOC3 5 Block OFF 1414 22 NOC3 6 Phase A Start On 1415 22 NOC3...

Страница 48: ...sures constantly selected neutral current magnitudes which on the operating decisions are based Available analog measuremen channels are Io1 and Io2 residual current measurement channels and IoCalc wh...

Страница 49: ...omponents or peak to peak values 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 4 2 55 Analogic magnitudes used by the NEF function Signal Description Tim...

Страница 50: ...ion is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked i...

Страница 51: ...ion offers four independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation 12 last registers are available in the function where the triggering event of the function start trip or b...

Страница 52: ...input in the setup phase of the function Directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on...

Страница 53: ...lt voltage memory is used for 0 5 seconds When 0 5 exceeds the reference angle of voltage is forced to 0 Table 5 4 3 61 Analogic magnitudes used by the DOC function Signal Description Time base IL1PP...

Страница 54: ...n positive sequence current and the pick up value Pick up characteristics Pick up of the DOC function is controlled by Iset setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured current before a...

Страница 55: ...ituation voltage reference comes from the healthy phase and current reference from faulty phase In short circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation Function blocking In the blocking element th...

Страница 56: ...s refer to chapter General properties of a protection function Events and registers The DOC function generates events and registers from the status changes of start trip and blocked To main event buff...

Страница 57: ...78 DOC4 2 Trip ON 4995 78 DOC4 3 Trip OFF 4996 78 DOC4 4 Block ON 4997 78 DOC4 5 Block OFF 4998 78 DOC4 6 No voltage Blocking On 4999 78 DOC4 7 Voltage measurable Blocking Off 5000 78 DOC4 8 Measurin...

Страница 58: ...which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Directional earth fault function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source T...

Страница 59: ...ual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I0...

Страница 60: ...meter which de nes the maximum allowed measured voltage and checks the angle difference before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between Iset Uset and measured magn...

Страница 61: ...urces of capacitive currents are the outgoing feeders The bigger the network the greater the capacitive current during fault is Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according the zero sequence ca...

Страница 62: ...ompensated Network is over compensated when k factor is greater than one and under compensated if the factor is smaller than one Inductance connected to the star point of incoming transformer or like...

Страница 63: ...orithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long healthy feeder due to CT errors For all these reasons Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault...

Страница 64: ...escription U0 Pick up setting V Required residual voltage on the primary side for the relay to trip Detected U0I0 angle Deg The angle in degrees between the monitored residual voltage and current I0 M...

Страница 65: ...tartup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated Us...

Страница 66: ...F3 7 I0Cos Start Off 5320 83 DEF3 8 I0Sin Start On 5321 83 DEF3 9 I0Sin Start Off 5376 84 DEF4 0 Start ON 5377 84 DEF4 1 Start OFF 5378 84 DEF4 2 Trip ON 5379 84 DEF4 3 Trip OFF 5380 84 DEF4 4 Block O...

Страница 67: ...and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inpu...

Страница 68: ...rent angle 5 ms IZ ANG Zero sequence current angle 5 ms IL1RMS Phase L1 A measured RMS current 5 ms IL2RMS Phase L2 B measured RMS current 5 ms IL3RMS Phase L3 C measured RMS current 5 ms Selection of...

Страница 69: ...s are processed as in case of when pick up signal is reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and f...

Страница 70: ...le when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Delay curve series for IDMT operation following either IEC or IEEE Ansi standard de ned characteristics Non standard characteristics include delay curves outside...

Страница 71: ...perating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after set release time if pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operati...

Страница 72: ...8 2245 Descr Unbalance Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages I1 I2 IZ mag and ang 0ms 1800s 1 8 5 4 6 Harmonic overcurrent Ih 50H 51H 68H Harmonic overcurrent function HOC is u...

Страница 73: ...ser logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three o...

Страница 74: ...percentage of fundamental monitoring is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of Start or...

Страница 75: ...active when pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will r...

Страница 76: ...start trip or blocked On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of HOC function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided in...

Страница 77: ...Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary input and output signals Function output signals can be used for direct IO controlling and...

Страница 78: ...led by ISet and I0set setting parameters which de nes the minimum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the setting values...

Страница 79: ...the startup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is ac...

Страница 80: ...l of the breaker from the trip output of the IED Retrip is wired in parallel from its own output contact in the IED to the second tripping coil of the circuit breaker CBFP signal to upstream is wired...

Страница 81: ...mary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will...

Страница 82: ...tantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset rst is issued retrip and if the current is not dec...

Страница 83: ...decreased under the setting limit or the trip signal from primary stage is not reset In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the...

Страница 84: ...the circuit breaker trip coil is controlled with the IED trip output and CBFP is controlled with one dedicated CBFP contact In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different...

Страница 85: ...g time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the pri...

Страница 86: ...protection stage is constantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset CBFP will be issued to ups...

Страница 87: ...t In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary pro...

Страница 88: ...signal is used for CBFP purpose only In this application the retrip and also CBFP to upstream are also available for different types of requirements Retrip signal can be used for the section incomer...

Страница 89: ...le faults CBFP protection Events and registers The CBFP function generates events and registers from the status changes of Retrip CBFP activated and blocked signals as well as from the internal pick u...

Страница 90: ...CED mode the function provides natural measurement unbalance compensation to have higher operating sensitivity for monitoring cable end faults REF function constantly monitors phase currents and sele...

Страница 91: ...s IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I01 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I02 5 ms IL1Ang Funda...

Страница 92: ...currents can be set to match the application Default setting is Add which means that I0calc I01 or I02 in through fault yields 0 of differential current Bias current calc 0 3Io IoCalc 2 1 max 3Io I0c...

Страница 93: ...Characteristics settings are calculated as follows Function blocking In the blocking element the blocking signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the...

Страница 94: ...ariables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time typical applications for t...

Страница 95: ...aults For this purpose restricted earth fault function is stabile since it monitors only the side it is wired to and compares the calculated and measured residual currents In case of outside earth fau...

Страница 96: ...Event Code Description 4224 66 REF1 0 REF Trip On 4225 66 REF1 1 REF Trip Off 4226 66 REF1 2 REF Block On 4227 66 REF1 3 REF Block Off In the register of the REF function is recorded activated blocked...

Страница 97: ...on can be selected for de nite time or IDMT The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing input magnitude selection threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics an...

Страница 98: ...e 5 4 9 99 Measured magnitude selection setting Name Description Range Step Default Measured magnitude Selection of P P or P E voltages Additionally U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the voltage chann...

Страница 99: ...llows only the voltage in channel 3 if 2LL U3 U4 mode is in use Pick up characteristics Pick up of the OV function is controlled by Uset setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured vol...

Страница 100: ...OCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will reset and the release time characteristics a...

Страница 101: ...ase Time delay 0 000 150 000s 0 005s 0 06s Resetting time Time allowed in between of pick ups if the pick up has not lead into trip operation During this time the start signal is held on for the timer...

Страница 102: ...FF 5506 86 OV2 2 Trip ON 5507 86 OV2 3 Trip OFF 5508 86 OV2 4 Block ON 5509 86 OV2 5 Block OFF 5568 87 OV3 0 Start ON 5569 87 OV3 1 Start OFF 5570 87 OV3 2 Trip ON 5571 87 OV3 3 Trip OFF 5572 87 OV3 4...

Страница 103: ...on can operate on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be selected for de nite time or IDMT The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing input magnitude...

Страница 104: ...4 10 106 Measured magnitude selection setting Name Description Range Step Default Measured magnitude Selection of P P or P E voltages Additionally U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the voltage channe...

Страница 105: ...nnel 3 if 2LL U3 U4 mode is in use Pick up characteristics Pick up of the UV function is controlled by Uset setting parameter which de nes the minimum allowed measured voltage before action from the f...

Страница 106: ...zero blocking is not in use Real time info displayed by the function The relays Info page displays useful information in real time of the state of the protection function either through relays HMI di...

Страница 107: ...g to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and also for the release of the function in case the p...

Страница 108: ...pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element reset Continue time calculation during release time No Yes No Ti...

Страница 109: ...2 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 4 10 111 Register content Date Time Event code Fault type Pretrig voltage Fault voltage Prefault voltage Trip time remaining Used S...

Страница 110: ...omponent RMS and TRMS values including harmonics up to 31st Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the fu...

Страница 111: ...easured input values Function block uses the analog voltage measurement values Function block utilizes fundamental frequency RMS values 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fa...

Страница 112: ...k up setting 1 00 99 00 Un 0 01 20 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not activ...

Страница 113: ...e when Delay Type is selected to DT When set to 0 000 s the stage operates as instant PIOC 50 stage without added delay When the parameter is set to 0 005 1800 s the stage operates as independent dela...

Страница 114: ...lues Table 5 4 11 117 Event codes of the NOV function instance 1 4 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 5952 93 NOV1 0 Start ON 5953 93 NOV1 1 Start OFF 5954 93 NOV1 2 Tr...

Страница 115: ...nction Function constantly measures fundamental frequency components of phase to earth voltage magnitudes or line to line and neutral voltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence...

Страница 116: ...tion Below is presented the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to NSV calculation See negative sequence calculation examples below Figure 5 4 12 60 Negative sequence component v...

Страница 117: ...hich can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF e...

Страница 118: ...in the function and is always related to the Uset value When Uc exceed decrease above below the Uset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 12 121 Pick up characteristics settin...

Страница 119: ...up Umeas Uset at the moment Um Uset Ratio between measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Bl...

Страница 120: ...ur independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function start trip or blocked is reco...

Страница 121: ...used as an indicator of accidental island operation of distributed generation and some consumers since it is unlikely that the consumed and generated power are the same Over frequency is also often us...

Страница 122: ...er 5 ms VT2 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of second voltage transformer 5 ms Pick up characteristics and time delay Pick up of each stage of FRQV functions stage is controlled by fset fset etc setting paramet...

Страница 123: ...s reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested a...

Страница 124: ...5 99 FRQV1 29 f Start OFF 6366 99 FRQV1 30 f Trip ON 6367 99 FRQV1 31 f Trip OFF 6368 99 FRQV1 32 f Block ON 6369 99 FRQV1 33 f Block OFF 6370 99 FRQV1 34 f Block ON 6371 99 FRQV1 35 f Block OFF 6372...

Страница 125: ...econnected to the network which can cause damage to the generator and the network Figure 5 4 14 64 Operation of df dt function when the frequency starts but doesn t trip In the gure above is presented...

Страница 126: ...Rate of change of frequency protection function compares measured df dt to pick up setting given in Hz s Source of measured frequency depends on the factory de ned tracking reference which can be che...

Страница 127: ...set From blocking of the function an HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also...

Страница 128: ...1 103 DFT1 29 df dt 8 Start OFF 6622 103 DFT1 30 df dt 8 Trip ON 6623 103 DFT1 31 df dt 8 Trip OFF 6624 103 DFT1 32 df dt 1 Block ON 6625 103 DFT1 33 df dt 1 Block OFF 6626 103 DFT1 34 df dt 2 Block O...

Страница 129: ...rate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold compara...

Страница 130: ...Related to user set nominal power 500 000 500 000 0 005 0 The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking c...

Страница 131: ...4 15 136 Register content Date Time Event code Trigger power Fault power Prefault power Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6400 6405 Descr Start average power Trip 20 ms averages Sta...

Страница 132: ...utputs activation No load signal is activated when the current is under No load current limit 0 2 xIn for more than 10 ms time If the current increases from this situation to Heavy overloading limit 1...

Страница 133: ...req 10 75Hz 1Hz 50Hz Info Transformer nominal frequency Used for calculation of transformer nominal short circuit inductance Transf Vect group 0 Manual 1 Yy0 2 Yyn0 3 YNy0 4 YNyn0 5 Yy6 6 Yyn6 7 YNy6...

Страница 134: ...alculated transformer HV side primary current HV side nominal current sec 0 01 250 00A 0 01A 0 00A Info Calculated transformer HV side secondary current HV CT nom to TR nom factor 0 01 250 00p u 0 01p...

Страница 135: ...vents also data register is available Table 5 4 16 140 Event codes of the TRF function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 4608 72 TRF1 0 Light No load On 4609 72 TRF1 1...

Страница 136: ...imum of the three TRMS phase currents IN Current for the 100 thermal capacity to be used pick up current in p u with this current tmax will be achieved in time t x 5 kSF Loading factor service factor...

Страница 137: ...eather conditions considering the prevailing conditions in the thermal replica are compensated with ambient temperature coef cient which is constantly calculated and changing when using RTD sensor for...

Страница 138: ...t kmin Ambient temperature correction factor for the minimum temperature tref Ambient temperature reference can be set in C or F the temperature in which the given manufacturer presumptions apply and...

Страница 139: ...vents to the common event buffer from each of the two output signal Time stamp resolution is 1ms Function provides also cumulative counters for TOLT Trip Alarm 1 Alarm 2 Inhibit and BLOCKED events In...

Страница 140: ...t 1 RTD 0 Manual set Selection whether xed or measured ambient temperature should be used for the thermal image biasing Man Amb Temp Set 0 500deg 1deg 15deg Manual xed ambient temperature setting for...

Страница 141: ...0 Disabled Enabling Disabling of the Alarm 1 signal and IO TT Alarm 1 level 0 0 150 0 0 1 40 Alarm 1 activation threshold Default setting is 40 Enable TT Alarm 2 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enabli...

Страница 142: ...escription values Currents 0 Primary A 1 Secondary A 2 Per unit Active phase current measurement from IL1 A IL2 B and IL3 C phases in given scalings Thermal Image 0 Thermal image calc TT Trip expect m...

Страница 143: ...vided instances separately Table 5 4 17 151 Register content Date Time Event code Time to reach 100 theta Ref T current Active meas current T at the moment dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 4672 4681 Descr seco...

Страница 144: ...y overload protection with winding temperature monitors If transformer is oil insulated then oil level monitor should be applied 2MVA 100 MVA Distribution generation sub transmission 130 kV Overload o...

Страница 145: ...of protection Also differential protection is very sensitive and internally scaled to the loading fault current flowing through the transformer When considering interturn faults in the transformer wi...

Страница 146: ...hich means that the HV side is connected to star and LV side to delta so that the LV side has 30 degree lag to HV side Also the HV side nominal voltage is 10 kV and LV side nominal voltage is 1kV Tran...

Страница 147: ...litude scaling to match the nominal currents and CTs in the differential relay Nominal current matching is only part of the differential protection settings Also the vector group of the transformer is...

Страница 148: ...eed for interposing transformers If the transformer vector group is not standard it should still be settable within the relay in case of zigzag transformers In this case in differential relay the diff...

Страница 149: ...igure 5 4 18 76 Expected phase shifts from HV side to LV side in symmetrical situation Now the direction of the CTs starpoint on the HV side and LV side has effect on how to set the differential calcu...

Страница 150: ...e CTs connections Figure 5 4 18 77 If current transformer starpoints are pointing towards each other or away from each other Add differential calculation mode is used AQ T257 Instruction manual Versio...

Страница 151: ...tics also so called Bias calculation is made per each phase to adjust the sensitivity of the differential stage up to the measured currents For the bias calculation also two separate formulas are avai...

Страница 152: ...ansformer application rst needs to be known what these parts of the characteristics mean First part is the Diffbias TP1 Id pick up the rst straight line which represents the transformer normal operati...

Страница 153: ...ns 10 of measurement error CTEsec In this example case secondary side CT s are class 5P which means 5 of measurement error REm Relay measurement error is below 0 5 and with optional accuracy below 0 2...

Страница 154: ...differential current in the relay Normally tap changer positions are presented as deviation steps of secondary voltage per step into and direction from the center which gives nominal output voltage AU...

Страница 155: ...he maximum inaccuracy of the HV and LV side CT is suf cient enough Let s call the measurement uncertainty as IMEASUNC Now when looking at how to ll the formula it is needed to sum in the absolute maxi...

Страница 156: ...o account in the rst slope directly This can lead to optimal sensitivity and stabile settings for differential relay even there is no non biased sensitive section in the characteristics In this case t...

Страница 157: ...ase caused by tap changer effect into the differential relay measured currents Now there is two possible ways to use biasing calculation and in practice one way to calculate differential current even...

Страница 158: ...side and the differential current is directly the fault feeding end current following can be noted for the Slope 2 setting If in case of using Average mode for biasing in case of single end fault the...

Страница 159: ...e even the accuracy limit factor for both CTs is 10 times nominal 5 10P10 this last 10 tells that the CT output is in its given measurement class 5 and 10 when the current is 10 times nominal This how...

Страница 160: ...ductor resistivity in other temperatures use following formula These values in this table present the resistivity in the given temperature 20 C For calculation of the conductor resistivity in other te...

Страница 161: ...current overload as a factor of nominal rated value which can still be said that the CT output will be in its rated accuracy 5 5P or 10 10P gives the accuracy limiting factor applicable at that overlo...

Страница 162: ...t ltered for fundamental component which is used for differential calculation the found differential current shall be 50 of the maximum peak current typically If the setting should be according to the...

Страница 163: ...ns based into Average and Maximum restraint calculation modes Figures A B with average mode and C D max mode Basically in between these presented restraint calculation modes the characteristics are no...

Страница 164: ...d any low impedance earthfault outside of the differential zone shall cause differential current measured and possible tripping of the differential protection For this purpose the calculated zero sequ...

Страница 165: ...selecting the N or n in the transformer vector group simultaneously the sensitivity to single phase one end fault will decrease by 1 3 For this reason restricted earth fault protection should be enab...

Страница 166: ...d earth fault protection are available Operation characteristics of REF HV and REF LV are similar than Idb function presented percentage characteristics even though both sides are independent and free...

Страница 167: ...these different situations can be divided the cases so that in energisation situation even harmonics are generated which of the 2nd harmonic is the most commonly used in the inrush blocking and in ov...

Страница 168: ...alled magnetizing inrush current in transformer Inrush current in transformer may be up to 10 times higher than nominal rated current of transformer Energizing characteristics of transformer are relat...

Страница 169: ...chapter the calculated FFT value is about 50 of the peak value third graph presents the 2nd harmonic absolute values in amperes fourth graph presents the fundamental 50 Hz FFT calculated currents in a...

Страница 170: ...lations magnitudes are roughly as follows When remembering that in this example the transformer HV primary side nominal current was 115 5A it yields to following In the set characteristics the differe...

Страница 171: ...hall release per each phase separately For this transformer the harmonic blocking limit could have been set to 30 and the energizing would have been successful still since the 2nd harmonic is heavily...

Страница 172: ...ation in the transformer core Figure 5 4 18 89 Transformer behaviour in case of overvoltage caused over excitation In the gure above is presented one simulated power transformer behavior in case of ov...

Страница 173: ...he nominal This means that in this case the over excitation generated differential current could trip the transformer in this point however the fth harmonic component relation ratio to fundamental mag...

Страница 174: ...eases if the overvoltage is too heavy when the differential current most probably is over the tripping limit However the behavior of the blocking is very unpredictable if the exact saturation characte...

Страница 175: ...nction pre calculation Name Range Step Default Funcs Description Transformer nominal MVA 0 1 500 0MVA 0 1MVA 1 0MVA All Nominal MVA of transformer This value is used to calculate nominal currents of H...

Страница 176: ...al set LV side Star or Zigzag Delta 0 Star Zigzag 1 Delta 0 Star Zigzag TRF DIFF Selection of the LV side connection star or zigzag or delta Selection is visible only if vector group is set to 0 Manua...

Страница 177: ...point 1 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Turnpoint 1 for the differential characteristics Slope 1 0 01 250 00 0 01 10 00 Slope1 of the differential characteristics Turnpoint2 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 3 00xI...

Страница 178: ...restricted earthfault differential characteristics Setting is visible only if Enable I0d REF LV side is set to 1 Enabled Table 5 4 18 156 Calculations of the DIF function Name Description L1Bias Calc...

Страница 179: ...p Off 4546 71 DIF1 2 Idb Blocked ext On 4547 71 DIF1 3 Idb Blocked ext Off 4548 71 DIF1 4 Idi Trip On 4549 71 DIF1 5 Idi Trip Off 4550 71 DIF1 6 Idi Blocked ext On 4551 71 DIF1 7 Idi Blocked ext Off 4...

Страница 180: ...unctions such as impedance or directional overcurrent are using the current and voltage measured at the relay to determine if the electrical network fault appears to be inside protected area The deter...

Страница 181: ...cy RMS values Table 5 4 19 160 Analogic magnitudes used by the Voltage angle memory function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundament...

Страница 182: ...ift is approximately 1 degree in a second while voltage memory is in use While voltage memory is active the voltages are absent and therefore angle measurement is not possible Healthy state angles bef...

Страница 183: ...n 12171 190 M1VT1 11 Voltage memory blocked Off 5 4 20 Resistance temperature detectors Modbus IO RTD 49T Resistance Temperature Detectors RTD can be used to measure temperatures from the motor as wel...

Страница 184: ...an be selected the monitored module and channel Also the monitoring and alarm setting units C F can be selected here Alarms can be enabled either over or under and the setting value is input as degree...

Страница 185: ...t channel x Sx Alarm2 0 1 0 Selection of the measurement higher or lower than setting value mode Sx Alarm2 101 0 2000 0deg 0 1deg 0 0deg Alarm 2 setting value Alarm shall be activated if the measureme...

Страница 186: ...26 S7 Alarm2 On 4443 69 RTD1 27 S7 Alarm2 Off 4444 69 RTD1 28 S8 Alarm1 On 4445 69 RTD1 29 S8 Alarm1 Off 4446 69 RTD1 30 S8 Alarm2 On 4447 69 RTD1 31 S8 Alarm2 Off 4448 69 RTD1 32 S9 Alarm1 On 4449 6...

Страница 187: ...483 70 RTD2 3 S2 Meas Invalid 4484 70 RTD2 4 S3 Meas Ok 4485 70 RTD2 5 S3 Meas Invalid 4486 70 RTD2 6 S4 Meas Ok 4487 70 RTD2 7 S4 Meas Invalid 4488 70 RTD2 8 S5 Meas Ok 4489 70 RTD2 9 S5 Meas Invalid...

Страница 188: ...ve selectivity This delay can be avoided by using arc protection To extent the speed of arc protection operation arc protection card has high speed output as well to give tripping signal faster Figure...

Страница 189: ...0 Arc S3 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S4 Sensor fault Detected quantity of sensors in the channel do not match with user settings I I0 Arc IO unit fault If the amount of connected AQ 101 units mismatch with...

Страница 190: ...2 Enable Zone 2 Light 3 High speed output contacts HSO1 and HSO2 have been set to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays AQ 100 series units send out test pulses...

Страница 191: ...2 If any of the channels has pressure sensing sensor included do the enable pressure in same way as with normal light sensor If phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent current is needed in tripping...

Страница 192: ...y equal to trip signal generation of the function Trip signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked at the beginning of e...

Страница 193: ...Trip Off 4750 74 ARC1 14 Zone4 Block On 4751 74 ARC1 15 Zone4 BlockOff 4752 74 ARC1 16 Ph Current Blocked On 4753 74 ARC1 17 Ph Current Blocked Off 4754 74 ARC1 18 Ph Current Start On 4755 74 ARC1 19...

Страница 194: ...736 4787 Descr Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages 1 4 1 8 5 4 22 Programmable stage PGx 99 The programmable stage PGS is a stage that can be programmed by the...

Страница 195: ...chosen for the comparator and possibly set a scaling for the signal Below is an example of a scaling in which primary neutral voltage has been scaled to percentage value so that it would be easier to...

Страница 196: ...gnals have their own pick up setting 6 Mag1 Mag2 Signal1 Signal2 subtraction The comparison uses the product of Signal1 Signal2 calculation In the example below analog comparison has been set with two...

Страница 197: ...f the absolute value of the measured signal is higher than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled 2 Under Less than If the measured signal is less than the set pick up level the co...

Страница 198: ...to help nd the desired value IL1 Description IL1ff p u IL1 Fundamental frequency in per unit value IL1 2nd h IL1 2nd harmonic in per unit value IL1 3rd h IL1 3rd harmonic in per unit value IL1 4th h...

Страница 199: ...c in per unit value I01 9th h I01 9th harmonic in per unit value I01 11th h I01 11th harmonic in per unit value I01 13th h I01 13th harmonic in per unit value I01 15th h I01 15th harmonic in per unit...

Страница 200: ...tive sequence current I2 Ang Angle of negative sequence current I01ResP I01 current resistive component primary current I01CapP I01 current capacitive component primary current I01ResS I01 current res...

Страница 201: ...L1 SL2 Apparent power L2 S kVA PL2 Active power L2 P kW QL2 Reactive power L2 Q kVar tan L2 Phase active power direction L2 cos L2 Phase reactive power direction L2 SL3 Apparent power L3 S kVA PL3 Ac...

Страница 202: ...hm XL2Sec Reactance X L2 secondary ohm RL3Sec Resistance R L3 secondary ohm XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary ohm Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary ohm Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary ohm Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 p...

Страница 203: ...e G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description System f System fre...

Страница 204: ...pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Resetting characteristics can be set acc...

Страница 205: ...p OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 134 PGS1 6 PS2 Start ON 8583 134 PGS1 7 PS2 Start OFF 8584 134 PGS1 8 PS2 Trip ON 8585 134 PGS1 9 PS2 Trip OFF 8586 134 PGS1 10 PS...

Страница 206: ...2 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1 53 PS9 Trip OFF 8630 134 PGS1 54 PS9 Block ON 8631 134 PGS1 55 PS9 Block OFF 8632 134 PGS1 56 PS10 Start ON 8633 134 PGS1 57 PS10 Start OFF 8634 134 PGS1 58 PS10 Trip ON 86...

Страница 207: ...0 0 4 kV distribution transformers on the medium voltage overhead line rural areas and cable networks urban areas so the 20kV medium voltage is the place where the voltage has to be controlled for all...

Страница 208: ...easure from U4 channel and the connected voltage U12 U23 or U31 General settings menu also includes on line measurements and calculations from the AVR function as well as the location of the tap chang...

Страница 209: ...hich position 9 presents middle position Tap changer location is indicated by mA signal 4 20 mA to the relay Each tap position has 1 67 effect to the transformer output voltage The highest mA value is...

Страница 210: ...nection of mA input to option card Either of the channel 1 or 2 can be used Figure 5 5 1 103 Tap position indication according to the settings in the example AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 20...

Страница 211: ...difference between each step would be identical Most of the time this is not the case and in some cases this non linear ramp up can cause the voltage regulator function to assume the tap position has...

Страница 212: ...ultiple binary inputs With BCD coded binary inputs any one decimal numeral can be represented by a ve bit pattern To use BCD coded inputs set the binary inputs used set Tap position indication at the...

Страница 213: ...nstead of using mA measurement RTD resistance is an applicable option To use RTD measurement the position indication needs to be scaled in menu Measurement AI mA DI volt scaling AQ T257 Instruction ma...

Страница 214: ...re 5 5 1 106 Example scaling for tap position indication with RTD measurement Figure 5 5 1 107 Result of the example RTD scaling con guration AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 213 Arcteq Relays...

Страница 215: ...e window may cause excessive control operations which cause the network voltage fluctuation Calm network and control operations on only necessary cases should be the target Correctly set voltage windo...

Страница 216: ...ion Figure 5 5 1 109 Set window is still too tight in comparison to the tap effect Voltage regulator reaches the set target window with one tap change However the voltage after tap change is very near...

Страница 217: ...tions Typically this operating time may be 30 120 seconds Operating time starts to count when the measured voltage exceeds either U or U setting limit If this situation continues until the set operati...

Страница 218: ...recommended have in inverse mode though it can also be set to de nite operating mode This means that if the measured voltage exceeds the threshold a lot the operating time will be faster and if the me...

Страница 219: ...characteristics for second U window Inverse operating time controls voltage back to the set target window faster if the deviation is bigger and slower when deviation is smaller AQ T257 Instruction ma...

Страница 220: ...time 60 seconds U pick up U pick up TAPEFF 1 1 67 2 67 Operating time 60 seconds For very high overvoltage AVR has an instant low function which lowers the voltage without any given set time delay exc...

Страница 221: ...btracted with tap effect By this way there should not be situation where the voltage is allowed pass longer time over the maximum allowed voltage For example if the maximum allowed overvoltage is 10 b...

Страница 222: ...locking prevents the operation of the tap changer control in case of heavy short circuit faults in the feeding network side as well as the drifting of the tap to maximum voltage increase position duri...

Страница 223: ...is under heavy overcurrent tap changer controls the voltage up to compensate the voltage drop causing most probably damage to the tap changer equipment Internal overcurrent blocking can be used to ac...

Страница 224: ...asurement con guration settings as well as give overall information about AVR condition and status Table 5 5 1 173 General settings parameters Name Description Range Step Default Voltage measurement S...

Страница 225: ...into tap changer location displays primary voltage deviation 50000 50000Vpri 0 01V 0 00V U instant setting Set instant stage compared to nominal 100 level 0 000 140 000 0 01 110 U setting Set second w...

Страница 226: ...ings the tap changer equipment properties and connection for position indication to AVR are set Table 5 5 1 176 Tap settings parameters Name Description Range Step Default Tap position indication Sele...

Страница 227: ...oltage One tap control operation increases cumulative sum by 1 AVR control blocked How many times AVR operation has been blocked by external command One blocking operation increases cumulative sum by...

Страница 228: ...locking threshold 5 00 60 00 0 01 15 00 Internal OC blocking Selection whether internal overcurrent detection blocks the AVR operation 0 Not in use 1 In use 0 Not in use Internal OC pick up Pick up th...

Страница 229: ...not be given since the tap changer is on high limit AVR tap in lowlimit Indicates that further voltage lower commands cannot be given since the tap changer is on low limit Controlling voltage regulato...

Страница 230: ...requested On 7389 115 VRG1 29 Tap lower requested Off 5 5 2 Setting group selection SGS Up to eight 8 separate setting groups are supported Availability and selection is controlled by SGS function blo...

Страница 231: ...or signal level change options In the setting group controller block is prioritized the setting groups so that if higher one is controlled simultaneously with lower priority setting group the higher r...

Страница 232: ...ter is overriding local control of the setting groups and is not time dependable which means that in user activation this override shall be on until it is disabled by user again Force SG change 0 none...

Страница 233: ...g group 8 selection lowest priority input for setting group control Can be controlled with pulse or steady state signals If steady state signal is applied all other SG requests shall be processed no m...

Страница 234: ...5 SGS 39 Force Req Fail Off 4200 65 SGS 40 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req On 4201 65 SGS 41 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req Off 4202 65 SGS 42 SG1 Active On 4203 65 SGS 43 SG1 Active Off 4204 65 SGS 44...

Страница 235: ...se of 1 wire connection is allowed the setting group change logic can be applied as in the gure above Petersen coil status on controls SG1 to be active and if the coil is disconnected SG2 is active Wi...

Страница 236: ...can be programmed to be used for in the setting group selection logic As can be seen from these presented examples the setting group selection with application control has to be built fully when using...

Страница 237: ...en and Object close control signals In addition to these output controls the function will report the monitored object status and applied operations Setting parameters are static inputs for the functi...

Страница 238: ...inputs and protection stage signals by using IEC 61850 GOOSE or logical signals Open Block Input DI1 DIx SWx Link to the physical or software binary input 1 means that the opening of the object is bl...

Страница 239: ...ynchrocheck and control timings are available The functionality of the selected object is presented in the table below Table 5 5 3 189 Object type selection Object type Functionality Description Withd...

Страница 240: ...se from the output relay to the controlled object If the object operates faster than this set time the control pulse will be reset status change is detected Max Open pulse length 0 000 500 00s 0 02s 0...

Страница 241: ...vent buffer it is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function is recorded with time stamp and process data va...

Страница 242: ...e function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the open close bad and intermediate event signals Time stamp resolution is 1ms Input signals for indicat...

Страница 243: ...4 1 Open 6850 107 CIN4 2 Close 6851 107 CIN4 3 Bad 6912 108 CIN5 0 Intermediate 6913 108 CIN5 1 Open 6914 108 CIN5 2 Close 6915 108 CIN5 3 Bad 10752 168 CIN6 0 Intermediate 10753 168 CIN6 1 Open 10754...

Страница 244: ...connecting elements Synchrocheck has three stages SYN1 SYN2 and SYN3 SYN1 supervises the synchronization condition between U4 channel and the selected input voltage SYN2 supervises the synchronization...

Страница 245: ...mode when the SYN2 stage is in use and UL12 is the reference voltage Figure 5 5 5 129 Example connection of synchrocheck function in 2LL U3 U4 mode when the SYN3 stage is in use and UL12 is the refere...

Страница 246: ...Figure 5 5 5 130 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker in 3LL and 3LN VT connection situations AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 245 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Страница 247: ...Figure 5 5 5 131 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker with 2LL VT connection AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 246...

Страница 248: ...re 5 5 5 132 Example application of synchrocheck over two breakers in 2LL U3 U4 mode Reference of the U3 or U4 voltages may be U12 U23 or U31 AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 247 Arcteq Relays...

Страница 249: ...e measured voltages Outputs of the function are Syn Ok Bypass and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the f...

Страница 250: ...of voltage U4 V 5 ms Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function...

Страница 251: ...led Operable in 2LL U3 U4 mode UL12 UL23 and UL31 references are available Table 5 5 5 196 Synchrocheck stage settings Name Range Step Default Description SYN U conditions LL only LL LD LL DL LL DD LL...

Страница 252: ...N1 Frequency diff Ok 2893 45 SYN1 13 SYN1 Frequency diff out of setting 2894 45 SYN1 14 SYN2 Blocked On 2895 45 SYN1 15 SYN2 Blocked Off 2896 45 SYN1 16 SYN2 Ok On 2897 45 SYN1 17 SYN2 Ok Off 2898 45...

Страница 253: ...ries It is the simplest option to connect and con gure It uses less wiring and connections than other signals greatly reducing initial setup costs Better for traveling long distances as current does n...

Страница 254: ...control Available measurements depends on parameter mA Out Channel Magnitude selection Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 First input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA output value 1 0 00000 2...

Страница 255: ...alogue input and create a scaling curve Table 5 5 6 202 Main settings of the mA inputs Name Range Default Description Analog input scaling 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables mA input Scaling cu...

Страница 256: ...d in to the last actual measured cycle value value will not go to minimum if it has been something else when signal breaks Figure 5 5 6 140 Example of the effects mA input channel settings have Table...

Страница 257: ...input in the setup phase of the function CTS function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Also the operating mode of the CTS can be changed by...

Страница 258: ...urement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of res...

Страница 259: ...rement This setting limit de nes the lower limit for the phase current pick up element If this condition is met it is considered as one trigger for the CTS activation Iset Ratio 0 01 100 00 0 01 10 00...

Страница 260: ...ystem Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics This function supports de nite ti...

Страница 261: ...stem in case when primary circuit fault is found in phase L1 wiring Distinction in between primary and secondary fault in this case is impossible However the situation meets the CTS conditions and as...

Страница 262: ...g Figure 5 6 1 146 System in case of low current and heavy unbalance If all of the measured phases magnitudes are below the Iset Lowlimit setting the CTS is not activated even the unbalance and other...

Страница 263: ...against each other and the wiring condition can be veri ed Figure 5 6 1 148 System in case when secondary phase current wiring is broken When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are me...

Страница 264: ...ng Isum difference should be set according to the application to reach maximum security and sensitivity for the network earthing Events and registers The CTS function generates events and registers fr...

Страница 265: ...t of the voltage transformer This signal is mostly used as alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement Measured input values The function block uses analog volt...

Страница 266: ...t value function will pick up Line Fuse fail check No Yes Yes Selection if the state of the line fuse will be supervised The supervised signal is determined in IO Fuse Failure Inputs Bus Fuse fail che...

Страница 267: ...om the status changes of the ALARM activated and blocked signals To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggerin...

Страница 268: ...supported simultaneously Possible analog channels vary according the IED type All analog channels are presented below Table 5 6 3 213 Analogue recording channels can be chosen between channels represe...

Страница 269: ...fect to the recording size For example in case that analogue channels IL1 IL2 IL3 I01 UL1 UL2 UL3 and U0 are selected sample rate is 64 s c and recording length is set to 1 0 seconds the IED has memor...

Страница 270: ...s from the Digital recording channels list for possible recorder inputs Notice that disturbance recorder is not ready unless the Max length of recording is showing some value other than zero At least...

Страница 271: ...older is described in Tools Settings DR path AQviewer is launched from Disturbance recorder menu as well How to estimate the max length of total recording time When the disturbance recorder settings h...

Страница 272: ...log channels are used and 2 digital channels are recorded the result is the following Total sample reserve 16076647 is derived from the knowledge that one sample is always 4 bytes and the DR can use 6...

Страница 273: ...L1 IL2 and IL3 are selected 2 To have another plotter choose blue plus key icon that can be found on top Note Add Plotter text appears when moving mouse cursor is on top of the icon In this example li...

Страница 274: ...e to create area how you want to zoom in Zooming in and out is possible by using vertical and horizontal and icons as well It is possible to reset zooming by pressing corresponding icon in the middle...

Страница 275: ...a relay must be established via AQtivate software and live edit mode must be enabled for the measurement recorder to be able to activate Navigate to measurement recorder through Tools Measurement rec...

Страница 276: ...nergy MWh Pri Res Curr I02 Pha angle I L3 L2 Exp Active Energy kWh Pri Calc I0 Res Curr angle I 01 L2 Imp Active Energy MWh Pha Curr IL1 TRMS Pri Res Curr angle I 02 L2 Imp Active Energy kWh Pha Curr...

Страница 277: ...os Seq Curr U4Volt p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal Mvarh Neg Seq Curr U1Volt TRMS p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal kvarh Zero Seq Curr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u E...

Страница 278: ...31 ang S3 Measurement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha...

Страница 279: ...E kvarh Curve4 Input Res I 01 pow THD L1 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Curve4 Output Res I 02 ampl THD L1 Imp React Cap E kvarh Control mode Res I 02 pow THD L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal Mvarh Motor status P P...

Страница 280: ...inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and bi...

Страница 281: ...aking current and corresponding interrupts allowed This data is provided by the circuit breaker manufacturer Table 5 6 5 219 Name Range Step Default Description Current 1 Inom 0 00 100 00kA 0 01kA 1 0...

Страница 282: ...0 op Pick up threshold for remaining operations When the remaining operations is below this setting Alarm 2 signal is activated Setting example Setting example Tavrida ISM TEL 24 16 800 057 circuit br...

Страница 283: ...larm2 Off In the register of the CBW function recorded events are activated On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of CBW function register content This information is ava...

Страница 284: ...ive Outputs of the function are Start and Alarm act signals for phase current THD I01 THD I02 THD and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by us...

Страница 285: ...amental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I01 current 5 ms I02FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I02 current 5 ms Selection of the THD...

Страница 286: ...00 0 01 20 00 Pick up setting for THD alarm element from the residual current I02 The measured THD value has to be over this setting to activate the alarm signal The pick up activation of the function...

Страница 287: ...me stamp and process data values Table 5 6 6 227 Event codes of the THD function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3520 55 THD1 0 THD Start Phase On 3521 55 THD1 1 THD...

Страница 288: ...stage can be recorded and reported forward to SCADA NOTE Available measurement values depend on the IED type If only current analog measurements are available it is possible to use only signals which...

Страница 289: ...ces YL1angle YL2angle YL3angle Y0angle Admittance angles Others Description System f Used tracking frequency at the moment Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 1 M thermal T Motor t...

Страница 290: ...p u Recorded value in one of the eight channels Events VREC function generates events from function triggering To main event buffer it is possible to select On or Off status messages Table 5 6 7 230...

Страница 291: ...k Gateway 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 NTP Client Gateway NetworkStatus Messages Running IP error NM error GW error Displays the status or possible errors of NTP settings These are errors in the parameters...

Страница 292: ...000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all power related measurements Impedance meas update interval 500 10000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all impedance related measurements These parameter...

Страница 293: ...or a list of available Logical Nodes in the Arcteq implementation browse the 61850 tree See following picture Figure 6 1 4 160 IEC 61850 tool buttons The available functions in the IEC 61850 tool are...

Страница 294: ...can be opened by pressing the 7th button It is possible to add and remove datasets with buttons When a dataset has been added it has to be assigned to an RCB with RCB button opens a new window It is p...

Страница 295: ...below Parameter Range Description IEC61850 enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for IEC 61850 protocol IP port 0 65535 IP port used by IEC 61850 protocol Standard and default port is 102 Measuremen...

Страница 296: ...ID which should be unique for the system Also confRev parameter is checked by the receiving part If VLAN switches are used to build sub networks the VLAN Priority and VLAN ID parameters must be set t...

Страница 297: ...ers can be found in following table Parameter Range Description Slave address 1 65519 DNP3 slave address for the unit Master address 1 65519 DNP3 address setting for allowed master Link layer timeout...

Страница 298: ...me measurements to communication Realtime signals to communication enables reporting measurements to SCADA that are not normally available in the communication protocols mapping Real time meas to comm...

Страница 299: ...L2 tan L3 Tan of three phase powers and phase powers cos 3PH cos L1 cos L2 cos L3 Cos of three phase powers and phase powers Impedances and admittances RL12 RL23 RL31 XL12 XL23 XL31 RL1 RL2 RL3 XL1 XL...

Страница 300: ...1 Activated Activation of the function Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes Selection between using secondary values or primary values Slot 1 8 Magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers...

Страница 301: ...7 Applications and connection examples 7 1 Connections AQ T257 Figure 7 1 165 AQ T257 variant without add on modules AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 300...

Страница 302: ...Figure 7 1 166 AQ T257 variant with binary input and output modules AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 301 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Страница 303: ...Figure 7 1 167 AQ T257 application example with function block diagram AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 302...

Страница 304: ...AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 303 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Страница 305: ...ding transformer protection 7 3 Trip circuit supervision 95 Trip circuit supervision is used to monitor the wiring from auxiliary power supply trough IEDs binary output and all the way to the open coi...

Страница 306: ...small is not able to make the breaker open coil operate While the trip relay is controlled and the circuit breaker is being opened the digital input is shorted by the trip contact as long as the break...

Страница 307: ...will open in 50ms or after con gured release delay due the breaker is open This means that the open coil is energized for a short moment even the breaker is already open Coil could be energized even...

Страница 308: ...breaker is in open position the TCS alarm is blocked by using following logic scheme or similar TCS alarm is giving whenever the breaker is closed and inverted digital input signal TCS activates Norm...

Страница 309: ...AQ X257 IED family Figure 8 1 174 Modular construction of and AQ X257 IEDs AQ X257 modular structure allows scalable solutions for different application requirements In any of the non standard con gu...

Страница 310: ...ng the hardware con guration This means also that the module location cannot be changed without updating the device con guration data for this case also unlocking code is needed When IO module is inse...

Страница 311: ...o next slot If found 8DI module then reserve to this slot running number regard if Slot F was empty or had other than DIx module then DI4 DI5 DI6 DI7 DI8 DI9 DI10 and DI11 or if Slot C has also DI8 mo...

Страница 312: ...s Connector Description COM A Communication port A RJ 45 For Modbus TCP and station bus communications COM B Communication port B RS 485 For Modbus RTU and IEC 103 SCADA communications Pin out startin...

Страница 313: ...nical data section of this document Settings and scanning cycle of digital inputs Table 8 2 237 CPU card binary input settings Name Description Range Step Default DIx Polarity De nes if binary input s...

Страница 314: ...current for the phase current inputs is 5 A Input nominal current can be scaled for secondary currents of 1 10 A Secondary currents are calibrated to nominal currents of 1A and 5A which provide 0 2 in...

Страница 315: ...secured by fuses Nominal dimensioning voltage can be 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in range of 0 240 V which provide 0 2 inaccuracy in same range Voltage input characteristics are as follows Meas...

Страница 316: ...he IED Properties of this binary input module provided inputs are the same as inputs in the CPU module Binary inputs have as standard current consumption of 2 mA when activated and the operating volta...

Страница 317: ...us change from 0 to 1 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx Drop off time De nes the delay for status change from 1 to 0 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx AC Mode Adds 30 ms deactivation delay to ac...

Страница 318: ...puts This module can be ordered directly as factory installed or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED Properties of binary outputs are the same as binary outputs in t...

Страница 319: ...t work Each channel can have up to three light sensors connected in series User can choose how many channels are used High speed outputs HSO1 and HSO2 operate only with DC supply Battery plus has to...

Страница 320: ...nd 4 wire RTDs and thermocouple sensors Sensor type can be selected by software for two 4 channel groups Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported Thermocouple Type K Type J Type T and Type S Two m...

Страница 321: ...e 8 8 185 Connection of different sensor types 8 9 Serial RS232 communication module option Figure 8 9 186 AQ 2xx Serial RS232 card connectors AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Страница 322: ...S 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin9 COM F Pin10 3 3V output spare Spare power source for...

Страница 323: ...D Communication port D LC ber connector 62 5 100mm or 50 125mm multimode glass Wavelength 1300nm Optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports HSR and PRP protocols according to IEC 61850 substation co...

Страница 324: ...e grouped in 2 galvanically isolated groups The option card also has one galvanically isolated mA input channel This module can be ordered directly as factory installed option or it can be eld upgrade...

Страница 325: ...Figure 8 12 189 Dimensions of the IED Figure 8 12 190 Installation of the IED AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 324...

Страница 326: ...Figure 8 12 191 Panel cut out and spacing of the IED AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 325 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Страница 327: ...gy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy IEC 62053 22 class 0 5 S 50 60Hz as standard IEC 62053 22 class 0 2 S 50 60Hz option available See order code for details Fi...

Страница 328: ...uency measurement range from 6Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 5mA 150A rms Current measurement inaccuracy 0 002xIn 10xIn 0 5 or 3mA 10xIn 150xIn 0 5 Angle...

Страница 329: ...es 1 15V Voltage measurement bandwidth freq from 7Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic voltage Terminal block Phoenix Contact PC 5 8 STCL1 7 62 Solid or stranded wire 6 mm2 Input impedance 24 5...

Страница 330: ...Solid or stranded wire Phoenix Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 246 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet...

Страница 331: ...uxiliary voltage 24 110 220V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code de ned 19 90 170V Order code de ned 14 65 132V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800s Pol...

Страница 332: ...Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 3 Option cards 9 1 3 1 Binary input module Table 9 1 3 1 252 Binary input module technical data Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 5 265V AC DC...

Страница 333: ...000 25000 or 50000 Lux sensor selectable in order code Inaccuracy Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Start and instant operating time light only Typically 5 ms dedicated semiconductor outputs T...

Страница 334: ...date cycle Response time 5ms cycle Update cycle time inaccuracy 5 10000 ms setting step 5ms 15 ms 13 18ms max 20 ms above set cycle mA input scaling range Output scaling range 0 4000 mA 1000000 100000...

Страница 335: ...t C D LC ber connector Wavelength 1300nm Con gurable to 10Mbps or 100Mbps Fiber cable 50 125 m or 62 5 125 m multimode glass 9 1 4 Display Table 9 1 4 261 HMI TFT display technical data Dimensions and...

Страница 336: ...atio 3 Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 35 ms typically 25 ms 50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up current setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 50 ms Instant reset...

Страница 337: ...nt when I02 channel is used Pick up is tuned more sensitive and operation times will vary due to this 9 2 1 3 Directional overcurrent 67 Idir Table 9 2 1 3 264 Directional overcurrent 67 technical dat...

Страница 338: ...undamental freq RMS Residual current TRMS Residual current peak to peak Zero sequence voltage fundamental freq RMS Pick up Used current magnitude Used voltage magnitude Measured residual current I01 1...

Страница 339: ...nput signals Input magnitudes Phase current fundamental freq RMS Pick up Used magnitude Negative sequence component I2pu Relative unbalance I2 I1 Pick up setting 0 01 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In...

Страница 340: ...rance to Ih 2nd 3rd 5th Operation time De nite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy De nite Time Im Iset ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT operating time sett...

Страница 341: ...10 4 0 x ISET 0 5 I0SET or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 x ISET 1 5 I0SET or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 x ISET 1 0 I0SET or 15 mA 0 005 4 0 x ISET Operation time De nite time function operating time setting 0 050 1800 000...

Страница 342: ...DMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 2...

Страница 343: ...ion time overshoot 30 ms Reset Reset ratio 103 of pick up voltage setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 45 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms...

Страница 344: ...ental frequency RMS P P voltage fundamental frequency RMS U0 Pick up Pick up setting 5 00 150 00 Un setting step 0 01 Un Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Low voltage block Pick up setting 1 00 80...

Страница 345: ...ion time trip Im Iset ratio 50mHz FIXED mode Im Iset ratio 50mHz TRACKING mode 70 ms max step size 100mHz 3 cycles or 60 ms max step size 100mHz Reset Reset ratio 0 020 Hz Instant reset time and start...

Страница 346: ...325 ms max step size 100mHz Note Frequency is measured 2 seconds after a signal is received 9 2 1 15 Transformer thermal overload 49T T Table 9 2 1 15 276 Transformer thermal overload 49T technical da...

Страница 347: ...oltage measurement starts from 0 5V and current measurement from 25mA In case either or both is missing the measured magnitude is forced to 0MW MVar MVA Avoid using setting that should operate below r...

Страница 348: ...residual current measurement for HV LV REF protection 2nd and 5th harmonic measurement Characteristic Differential and REF Differential calculation mode Bias calculation mode Add or Subtract CT direc...

Страница 349: ...ng residual current Pick up light intensity 0 50 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 0 10 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 8000 25000 or 50000 Lux sensor selectable in order code Starting inaccuracy Ar...

Страница 350: ...stant operation time trip Um Uset ratio 1 05 50 ms Reset Reset ratio Voltage Current 95 105 of pick up voltage setting 97 of pick up current setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 0...

Страница 351: ...0 05 0 50 Hz setting step 0 01 Hz Inaccuracy Voltage Frequency Angle 3 0 USET or 0 3 UN 25 mHz U 30 V secondary 1 5 U 30 V secondary Reset Reset ratio Voltage Frequency Angle 99 of pick up voltage se...

Страница 352: ...operation time alarm Im Iset ratio 1 05 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays Reset Reset ratio 97 103 of pick up current setting Instant reset time and start up reset 80 ms 50 ms in differen...

Страница 353: ...s according chosen signals and operation time setting combined 9 2 3 4 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW Table 9 2 3 4 289 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW technical data Pick up Breaker characteristic...

Страница 354: ...mental frequency RMS Phase current fundamental freq RMS back up frequency Pick up Pick up voltage setting Pick up current setting optional 2 00 50 00 Un setting step 0 01 x Un 0 01 50 00 x In setting...

Страница 355: ...N 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 6 f 150 kHz 80 MHz 10V Table 9 3 293 Voltage tests Dielectric voltage test EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 5 EN 60255 1 2 kV 50Hz 1min Impulse voltage test EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 5 5 kV 1...

Страница 356: ...C Other Altitude 2000m Overvoltage category III Pollution degree 2 Casing and package Table 9 3 297 Dimensions and weight Device Device dimensions W x H x D mm Casing height 208mm width 257mm depth 21...

Страница 357: ...es Order code Description Note Manufacturer AQ ACC ADAM4016 ADAM 4016 RTD 6 ch RTD module with Modbus Requires external Advanced Co Ltd Pt100 1000 Balco500 Ni power module AQ T257 Instruction manual V...

Страница 358: ...00 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 8000 Lux threshold AQ 02B Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable...

Страница 359: ...Wolf ntie 36 F 12 65200 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 URL url www arcteq email sales sales arcteq Technical support site https arcteq support landing Technical suppo...

Результаты поиска

Содержание AQ-T257

Отзывы:

Похожие инструкции для AQ-T257

Бренды по названию

Популярные бренды

Arcteq AQ-T257, Инструкция по эксплуатации

Результаты поиска

Содержание AQ-T257

Отзывы:

Похожие инструкции для AQ-T257

Бренды по названию

Популярные бренды