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HP HP 8712ES User Manual Download Page 14

Contents-vi

Contents

Creating a User-Defined Calibration Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-25

Saving and Recalling the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-33

Saving the Calibration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-33
Recalling the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-34

7. Front/Rear Panel

Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

BNC Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
Multi-pin Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
RF Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-15

Display  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16
Knob  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18
Power Switch  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-19
Display Intensity Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20
Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-21
Line Module  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22

Power Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22
The Line Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-24
The Voltage Selector Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25

8.  Hardkey/Softkey Reference

Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
Numeric Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3
A  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5
B  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-11
C  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-14
D  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-20
E  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-27
F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-30
G  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35
H  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-37
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42
K  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-45
L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46
M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-52

Summary of Contents for HP 8712ES

Page 1: ...User s Guide HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES RF Network Analyzers HP Part No 08714 90012 Printed in USA Print Date October 1999 Supersedes November 1998 Copyright 1998 1999 Hewlett Packard Company ...

Page 2: ...ey Conventions This manual uses the following conventions This represents a key physically located on the instrument a hardkey This indicates a softkey a key whose label is determined by the instrument s firmware and is displayed on the right side of the instrument s screen next to the eight unlabeled keys Screen Text This indicates text displayed on the instrument s screen Safety Information For ...

Page 3: ...freely available on the Internet by anonymous ftp asftp uu net pub archiving zip unzip51 tar Z and from CompuServe asunz51 zip in the IBMPRO forum library 10 data compression Lotus 1 2 3 are U S registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation Windows Word97 and Excel97 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp ...

Page 4: ...ents of frequency translating devices the network analyzer features broadband internal detectors and external detector inputs The receivers incorporate digital signal processing and microprocessor control to speed operation and measurement throughput Two independent measurement channels and a large display show the measured results of one or two receiver channels in several user selectable formats...

Page 5: ...correction specifications How to Use This Guide The first 6 chapters of this guide explain how to perform measurements calibrate the instrument and use the most common instrument functions Chapters 7 through 11 are reference material Use these chapters to look up information such as front panel features specific key functions and specifications ...

Page 6: ...nt shows how to use a local area network LAN for programming and remote operation of the analyzer The Automating Measurements User s Guide Supplement provides information on how to configure and control test systems for automation of test processes The Programmer s Guide provides programming information including HP IB and SCPI command references as well as short programming examples The Example P...

Page 7: ... HP Instrument BASIC to program the analyzer The Option 100 Fault Location and Structural Return Loss Measurements User s Guide Supplement provides theory and measurement examples for making fault location and SRL measurements Shipped only with Option 100 analyzers The CATV Quick Start Guide provides abbreviated instructions for testing the quality of coaxial cables Shipped only with Option 100 an...

Page 8: ...viii ES User s Guide ...

Page 9: ...g the Analyzer 2 5 Entering Frequency Range 2 6 Entering Source Power Level 2 6 Scaling the Measurement Trace 2 6 Entering the Active Measurement Channel and Type of Measurement 2 7 Viewing Measurement Channels 2 8 Performing the Operator s Check 2 10 Equipment List 2 10 Make S21 and S12 Transmission Measurements 2 11 Make a Broadband Power Measurement 2 13 Make S11 and S22 Reflection Measurements...

Page 10: ...21 Measurement Results 3 46 Measuring S11 Reflection Port 1 using a One Port Calibration 3 48 Enter the Measurement Parameters 3 49 Perform a User One Port Calibration 3 49 Connect the DUT 3 52 View and Interpret the S11 Measurement Results 3 54 Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection 3 56 Enter the Measurement Parameters 3 56 Perform a Normalization Calibration 3 57 Connect the DUT 3...

Page 11: ...ctivate Markers 4 5 To Turn Markers Off 4 6 To Use Marker Search Functions 4 7 To Use Marker Math Functions 4 18 To Use Delta Marker Mode 4 24 To Use Other Marker Functions 4 26 To Use Polar Format Markers 4 27 To Use Smith Chart Markers 4 27 Using Limit Testing 4 28 To Create a Flat Limit Line 4 29 To Create a Sloping Limit Line 4 30 To Create a Single Point Limit 4 32 To Use Marker Limit Functio...

Page 12: ... Settings 4 73 Printing and Plotting Measurement Results 4 78 To Select the Copy Port 4 78 To Define the Output 4 79 Using a Keyboard 4 83 To Connect the Keyboard 4 83 To Use the Keyboard to Edit 4 84 Front Panel Control using a Keyboard 4 84 Using an External VGA Monitor 4 87 Customizing Color on an External Monitor 4 87 Synchronizing and Positioning the Display 4 89 5 Optimizing Measurements Int...

Page 13: ...when Measuring Both Reflection and Transmission 5 17 Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups 5 18 Port Extensions 5 18 Electrical Delay 5 20 Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay 5 21 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Introduction 6 2 Measurement Calibration Overview 6 3 The Calibration Reference Plane 6 7 Default versus User Defined Calibration 6 8 When to Use a D...

Page 14: ...2 Connectors 7 3 BNC Connectors 7 4 Multi pin Connectors 7 7 RF Connectors 7 15 Display 7 16 Knob 7 18 Power Switch 7 19 Display Intensity Control 7 20 Disk Drive 7 21 Line Module 7 22 Power Cables 7 22 The Line Fuse 7 24 The Voltage Selector Switch 7 25 8 Hardkey Softkey Reference Introduction 8 2 Numeric Entries 8 3 A 8 5 B 8 11 C 8 14 D 8 20 E 8 27 F 8 30 G 8 35 H 8 37 I 8 42 K 8 45 L 8 46 M 8 ...

Page 15: ... Input 9 29 General Information 9 39 Features 9 45 Measurement 9 45 Storage 9 47 Data Hardcopy 9 47 Automation 9 48 Measurement Calibration 9 49 Options 9 52 Warranty 9 54 Limitation of Warranty 9 55 Exclusive Remedies 9 55 Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices 9 56 10 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information 10 2 Safety Information 10 3 Warnings 10 3 Cautions 10 4 ...

Page 16: ...se Declaration 10 6 Declaration of Conformity 10 6 11 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States 11 2 Factory Preset State 11 2 Peripheral State 11 8 Volatile Settings 11 12 Save Recall Memory Allocation 11 13 Types of Storage Disks 11 13 Types of Storable Information 11 15 How to Determine the Size of Disk Files 11 16 Memory Usage Notes 11 18 ...

Page 17: ...ES User s Guide 1 1 1 Installing the Analyzer ...

Page 18: ...duction This chapter will guide you through the four steps needed to correctly and safely install your network analyzer The four steps are 1 Check the Shipment 2 Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 3 Check the Analyzer Operation 4 Configure the Analyzer ...

Page 19: ...pen during shipping Returning the analyzer in anything other than the original packaging may result in non warranted damage Check the items received against the Product Checklist included in your shipment to make sure that you received everything Inspect the analyzer and all accessories for any signs of damage that may have occurred during shipment If your analyzer or any accessories appear to be ...

Page 20: ...er source you will be using CAUTION Before switching on this instrument make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the voltage of the mains supply and the correct fuse T 5 A 250 V is installed Assure the supply voltage is in the specified range NOTE The working fuse and a spare are located in the power cable receptacle See Figure 7 12 Location of Line Fuses in Chapter 7 Figure 1 1 V...

Page 21: ...ets the following requirements for safety indoor use altitude up to 15 000 feet 4 572 meters temperature 0 C to 55 C maximum relative humidity 5 to 95 percent relative at 40 C non condensing CAUTION This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively NOTE The above requirements are for safety only Separate conditions that must be me...

Page 22: ...Figure 7 11 in Chapter 7 to see the different types of power cord plugs that can be used with your analyzer Figure 1 2 Protective Earth Ground WARNING This is a Safety Class I product provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact Any interruption of the protective conductor...

Page 23: ...s circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument The front panel switch is only a standby switch and not a LINE switch Alternatively an externally installed switch or circuit breaker which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator may be used as a disconnecting device 6 Install the analyzer according to the enclosure protection provided This instrument does...

Page 24: ...Set up a static safe workstation Electrostatic discharge ESD can damage or destroy components table mat with earth ground wire HP part number 9300 0797 wrist strap cord with 1 Meg Ohm resistor HP part number 9300 0980 wrist strap HP part number 9300 1367 heel straps HP part number 9300 1308 floor mat ...

Page 25: ...umber of your analyzer either HP 8712ES or HP 8714ES the firmware revision the serial number of your analyzer installed options 2 Verify that the serial number and options displayed on the screen match the information on the rear panel serial label 3 The operator s check should be performed on the analyzer to provide a high degree of confidence that the analyzer is working properly Refer to Chapte...

Page 26: ...p 4 Configure the Analyzer You can begin making measurements by simply connecting your analyzer to an appropriate power source and turning it on This section however will explain how to connect common peripherals and controllers and how to install your analyzer into a rack system ...

Page 27: ...dule and Selected Connectors Refer to Figure 1 4 The HP IB port is for use with computers and peripherals printers plotters etc The parallel and RS 232 serial ports are also for peripherals The parallel and serial ports can also be programmed via IBASIC for general I O control See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook for information on using IBASIC ...

Page 28: ...mation on how to use your analyzer in a LAN HP IB Connections An HP IB system may be connected in any configuration as long as the following rules are observed The total number of devices is less than or equal to 15 The total length of all the cables used is less than or equal to 2 meters times the number of devices connected together up to an absolute maximum of 20 meters For example the maximum ...

Page 29: ...ES User s Guide 1 13 Installing the Analyzer Step 4 Configure the Analyzer Figure 1 5 HP IB Connection Configurations ...

Page 30: ...unique address and the network analyzer must recognize each address To check or set each external device s actual address refer to the device s manual most addresses are set with switches The following are examples of how to check or set the device s recognized address on the network analyzer Printer Press Use the front panel knob to highlight the line that reads HP Printer PCL HP IB Press The sec...

Page 31: ...e entry controls to highlight your type of printer or plotter and press If the baud rate or handshake at the top of the screen are incorrect use the softkeys to change them Parallel Devices Press Use the entry controls to highlight your type of printer or plotter and press LAN Printer Press Use the entry controls to highlight HP LaserJet PCL5 6 PCL5 LAN and press If the printer IP address at the t...

Page 32: ...ther racks note that they may promote shock hazards overheating dust contamination and inferior system performance Consult your HP customer engineer about installation warranty and support details CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS When installing the product in a cabinet the convection into and out of the instrument must not be restricted The ambient temperature outside the cabinet must be less tha...

Page 33: ...he RF Front Panel Connectors Visually inspect the front panel connectors The most important connectors are those to which the DUT is connected typically the RF cable end or the PORT 1 and PORT 2 connectors All connectors should be clean and the center pins centered The fingers of female connectors should be unbroken and uniform in appearance If you are unsure whether the connectors are good gauge ...

Page 34: ...1 18 ES User s Guide Installing the Analyzer Preventive Maintenance ...

Page 35: ...ES User s Guide 2 1 2 Getting Started ...

Page 36: ... includes a synthesized source a wide dynamic range receiver and a built in test set Controls are grouped by functional block and settings are displayed on the instrument screen This section familiarizes new users with the layout of the front panel and the process of entering measurement parameters into the analyzer Figure 2 1 Network Analyzer Front Panel Features ...

Page 37: ...SOURCE The source keys select the desired source output signal to the device under test for example selecting source frequency range or output power The source keys also control sweep time number of points and sweep triggering 5 CONFIGURE The configure keys control receiver and display parameters These parameters include receiver bandwidth and averaging display scaling and format marker functions ...

Page 38: ...ucted to enter numeric values in this manual it often can get cluttered and confusing to depict each key stroke So in this manual numbers no matter how many characters are depicted inside one keycap For example if you are instructed to enter the number 42 5 it will be depicted inside one keycap like this To enter this number the following keys need to be pressed in succession You can follow along ...

Page 39: ...ower Level on page 2 6 for more information NOTE The measurement parameters that you enter will be retained in the analyzer s memory when the power is turned off and will be restored when the power is turned back on NOTE Refer to Chapter 11 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation for a comprehensive table of factory preset conditions Frequency range HP 8712 ES 0 3 to 1300 MHz Frequency range HP...

Page 40: ...ing Source Power Level 1 Press the key to access the power level softkey menu 2 To change the power level to 3 dBm press and or 3 To change the power level to 1 6 dBm press or 4 To change the power level that will always be restored when you preset the analyzer press and or This entry does not affect the current power level Scaling the Measurement Trace 1 Press the key to access the scale menu 2 T...

Page 41: ...ameters will affect only the active measurement channel Some measurement parameters cannot be independently set on each measurement channel For these parameters both channels will be affected regardless of active channel status 1 To measure S21 on measurement channel 1 and S11 on measurement channel 2 press the following keys 2 Both channels measurements are now visible on the analyzer s display s...

Page 42: ...e Viewing Measurement Channels 1 To view only the measurement channel 2 S11 measurement press 2 To view both measurement channels again press 3 To view both measurement channels separately on a split screen press Refer to Figure 2 5 Split Display MEAS 1 Meas OFF MEAS 1 DISPLAY More Display Split Disp FULL split ...

Page 43: ...have now learned how to enter common measurement parameters and how to manipulate the display for optimum viewing of your measurement You can now proceed on to performing the operator s check or refer to Chapter 3 Making Measurements for detailed information on making specific types of measurements ...

Page 44: ...ator s check consists of making the following measurements with the cable that was supplied with your analyzer S21 and S12 broadband power S11 and S22 S11 and S22 with a 50 Ω or 75 Ω load instead of the cable Equipment List To perform the operator s check you will need the following A known good cable such as the one that was supplied with your analyzer The cable you use should have 0 5 dB of inse...

Page 45: ...ke sure you use a cable with the characteristics described in Equipment List Figure 2 6 Equipment Setup for Performing the Operator s Check 2 Press or The instrument is automatically set up for an S21 measurement on measurement channel 1 3 Press 4 Press 5 Press 6 Verify that the data trace falls within 0 5 dB of 0 dB See Figure 2 7 for a typical HP 8714ES result The HP 8712ES should look similar b...

Page 46: ...ress 8 Press 9 Verify that the data trace falls within 0 5 dB of 0 dB See Figure 2 7 for a typical HP 8714ES result Although this figure is from an S21 measurement the results of your S12 measurement should look similar The HP 8712ES should look similar but will end at 1300 MHz MEAS 1 S12 Rev Trans CAL Default Response ...

Page 47: ...measurements make sure you use a cable with the characteristics described in Equipment List on page 2 10 2 Press 3 Press unless done in the previous measurement 4 Verify that the data trace is within 2 dB of 0 dBm See Figure 2 8 for a typical HP 8714ES result The HP 8712ES should look similar but end at 1300 MHz Figure 2 8 Verify Broadband Power Measurement MEAS 1 More Power FREQ Start 10 MHz SCAL...

Page 48: ...e will affect these measurements make sure you use a cable with the characteristics described in Equipment List 2 Press or 3 Press 4 Press 5 Press 6 Verify that the data trace falls completely below 16 dB See Figure 2 9 for a typical HP 8714ES result The HP 8712ES should look similar but end at 1300 MHz PRESET User Preset Factory Preset MEAS 1 S11 Refl Port1 SCALE 10 Enter POWER 0 dBm CAL Default ...

Page 49: ...ls completely below 16 dB See Figure 2 9 for a typical HP 8714ES result Although this figure is from an S11 measurement the results of your S22 measurement should look similar The HP 8712ES should look similar but will end at 1300 MHz 10 Disconnect the cable and connect a known good load to port 2 as shown in Figure 2 10 MEAS 1 S22 Refl Port2 CAL Default 1 Port ...

Page 50: ...erify that the data trace falls below 30 dB If the data trace is off the screen press and the key until the trace moves up onto the screen 12 Disconnect the load from port 2 and connect it to port 1 as shown in Figure 2 11 Figure 2 11 Connect the Load to Port 1 13 Press SCALE Reference Level MEAS 1 S11 Refl Port1 ...

Page 51: ... is critical for your application verify a CW frequency using a frequency counter Verify to 005 accuracy for example 2500 Hz at 500 MHz Ensure that the analyzer is placed in trigger hold mode press to measure frequencies If the Analyzer Fails the Operator s Check First repeat the operator s check using a different cable and load to eliminate these as a possible cause of failure If your analyzer do...

Page 52: ...2 18 ES User s Guide Getting Started Performing the Operator s Check ...

Page 53: ...ES User s Guide 3 1 3 Making Measurements ...

Page 54: ...eters using a Two Port Calibration on page 3 19 Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration on page 3 41 Measuring S11 Reflection Port 1 using a One Port Calibration on page 3 48 Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection on page 3 56 Measuring Conversion Loss on page 3 61 Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input on page 3 67 Measuring Group Delay on pag...

Page 55: ...gnal that is used as a stimulus to the device under test Your device responds by reflecting a portion of the incident signal and transmitting the remaining signal If the device is passive some of the transmitted signal will be absorbed indicating a lossy device If the device is active the transmitted signal may be amplified indicating that the device has gain Figure 3 1 shows how a device under te...

Page 56: ...eflected signal input A are measured by comparison to the incident signal The reverse transmitted signal routed to input A and the reflected signal input B are also measured by comparison to the incident signal The analyzer couples off a small portion of the incident signal to use as a reference signal routed to input R Sweeping the source frequencies the analyzer measures and displays the respons...

Page 57: ...uency This enables the characterization of frequency translation devices such as mixers receivers and tuners where the RF input and output frequencies are not the same Figure 3 3 labels the transmitted signal for broadband detection input as B and the reference signal as R When the network analyzer is in the narrowband detection mode the receiver is tuned to the source frequency This technique pro...

Page 58: ...3 6 ES User s Guide Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Figure 3 3 Block Diagram ...

Page 59: ...ent calibration and sweep time that have been selected The following table contains the icons along with an explanation of each If both measurement channels are active you may see variations of these icons Measurement Detection Mode Input Detectors Input Signals Source Direction S21 Forward Transmission Narrowband B R transmitted incident Forward S12 Reverse Transmission Narrowband A R transmitted...

Page 60: ...ibration when sweep time is less than 3 0 seconds Either of the two forward S parameters with two port calibration when sweep time is more than 3 0 seconds Either of the two reverse S parameters with two port calibration when sweep time is more than 3 0 seconds S11 not with two port calibration or calibration standards 1 S22 not with two port calibration or calibration standards 1 S21 or fault loc...

Page 61: ...a linear two port device that operates at high frequencies An N port device has N2 S parameters So a two port device has four S parameters The numbering convention for S parameters is that the first number following the S is the port where energy emerges and the second number is the port where energy enters So S21 is a measure of power coming out port 2 as a result of applying an RF stimulus to po...

Page 62: ...inating port 1 in a perfect load making a1 zero S22 and S12 measurements can be made S22 is equivalent to the output complex reflection coefficient or output impedance of the DUT and S12 is the reverse complex transmission coefficient The accuracy of S parameter measurements depends greatly on how good a termination we apply to the port not being stimulated Anything other than a perfect load will ...

Page 63: ... receiver damage limit of 26 dBm or 30 Vdc For information on how to reduce mismatch errors see Reducing Mismatch Errors on page 5 15 When to Use Amplification For accurate measurements amplification may be needed on the analyzer s output port Use amplification when your test device requires input power that exceeds the analyzer s maximum specified output power NOTE If you use an amplifier between...

Page 64: ...are displayed relative to the conversion impedance For example if you have a 50 ohm instrument and are making 75 ohm measurements you may be using 50 to 75 ohm minimum loss pads Measurement results can be reported relative to 75 ohms not 50 ohms if the alternate system impedance is selected This includes marker readouts Smith chart results or SRL impedance computations Option 100 To change the sys...

Page 65: ... using the key See the measurement examples located later in this chapter Step 2 Calibrate the Analyzer Your analyzer can provide highly accurate measurements without performing any additional user defined calibrations if certain conditions are met Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy explains when additional user defined calibration is necessary Step 3 Connect the Equipment Co...

Page 66: ...the analyzer from the condition to measure the following amplifiers filters broadband passive devices a cable for example mixers cable fault location and structural return loss Option 100 only Configuring basic measurements from the key helps you ensure correct instrument setup The analyzer guides you through the initial steps and configures itself for the device type you select BEGIN PRESET BEGIN...

Page 67: ...New Measurement Once you have selected your device you can use the softkeys to select the measurement you wish to make When you select a new measurement a preset is not done It is assumed that you are simply changing measurement types and that you may have already changed some of the analyzer s parameters such as frequency power etc for your DUT In this situation you would probably not want these ...

Page 68: ...ined parameters 2 Press and then use a softkey to select the type of device that you will be measuring amplifier filter broadband passive device mixer or cable Option 100 only 3 Connect your test device to the network analyzer 4 Use the softkeys to select the type of measurement you want to make Press or if you want to measure a particular S parameter S parameter selections are under the and menus...

Page 69: ...t Location Fault Location Cable SRL Fault Location S11 Refl Port 1 S21 Fwd Trans S12 Rev Trans S22 Refl Port 2 Power Conversion Loss Frequency Range HP 8712ES 0 300 MHz to 1300 MHz 0 300 MHz to 1300 MHz 0 300 MHz to 1300 MHz 0 300 MHz to 1300 MHz 10 MHz to 1300 MHz 10 MHz to 1300 MHz Frequency Range HP 8714ES 0 300 MHz to 3000 MHz 0 300 MHz to 3000 MHz 0 300 MHz to 3000 MHz 0 300 MHz to 3000 MHz 1...

Page 70: ...s Macros must be defined with an IBASIC program If no program is currently installed either by AUTOST or the analyzer will automatically create a default program selects the key menu to user mode when on and to normal operation when off Once you have changed the mode to on the same menu will be displayed for subsequent key presses of the hardkey This is not true if your IBASIC program has changed ...

Page 71: ... use a different type of error correction than the two port calibration See the table below for a list of all possible calibration choices for S parameter measurements TIP An optimum calibration is critical for achieving best measurement accuracy Refer to Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy for detailed information about all of the various aspects of calibration Table 3 2 Cali...

Page 72: ...o correct for directivity source match load match and frequency response errors when using narrowband detection To correct for errors caused by crosstalk refer to the definition of a user two port calibration in Chapter 6 When you perform a two port calibration the analyzer performs correction at each data point across the selected frequency band The default number of data points per sweep is 201 ...

Page 73: ...ple two cables with the appropriate connectors can be connected directly without a through adapter resulting in a zero length through standard An insertable device is a device that can be inserted in place of a zero length through standard It has the same type of connector on each port but with a different sex or the same type of sexless connector on each port APC 7 for example Cal Kit Model Numbe...

Page 74: ...r the keys to highlight Port 2 in the display s table Press 2 Press If you want to correct for crosstalk errors toggle the key ON for more information about isolation refer to the definition of a user two port calibration in Chapter 6 3 When the instrument prompts you to connect a through cable insert a cable with type N m connectors between port 1 and port 2 as shown in the Figure 3 6 Press When ...

Page 75: ...is end of the cable will become the calibrated port 2 for measurements See the graphic above 7 The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate new calibration coefficients The message Calibration complete will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error correction array NOTE Changing sweep frequencies and other source parameters may affect your calibrati...

Page 76: ... 3 7 Equipment Setup for an S Parameter Measurement of an Insertable Two Port Device View and Interpret the S Parameter Measurement Results 1 To view the entire measurement trace on the display press 2 To interpret the measurement refer to other S parameter measurement examples later in this chapter SCALE Autoscale ...

Page 77: ...e adapters in most HP calibration kits have matched electrical lengths even if the physical lengths appear different NOTE For analyzers with 50 ohm input impedance only in the 50 ohm type N calibration kit HP 85032B there are four equal adapters two APC 7 to type N f and two APC 7 to type N m To create adapter A in the following example connect an APC 7 to type N f adapter with an APC 7 to type N ...

Page 78: ... for more information about isolation refer to the definition of a user two port calibration in Chapter 6 5 When the instrument prompts you to connect a through cable connect the port 2 test cable to adapter A on port 1 as shown in Figure 3 8 Press Figure 3 8 Through Cable Connection Prior Menu Prior Menu User 2 Port User 2 Port Isolation on OFF Measure Standard ...

Page 79: ...ss after connecting each standard 9 When the instrument prompts you connect three standards open short and load to the port 2 cable as shown in the above graphic 10 Press after connecting each standard 11 The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate the new calibration coefficients The message Calibration complete will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating th...

Page 80: ...Changing sweep frequencies and other source parameters may affect your calibration See Chapter 6 for more information Connect the DUT 12 Measure the test device with adapter B in place as shown in Figure 3 9 Figure 3 9 Equipment Setup for an S Parameter Measurement of a Noninsertable Two Port Device ...

Page 81: ... 1 the noninsertable device has type N female input and output connectors NOTE For analyzers with 50 ohm input impedance only in the 50 ohm type N calibration kit HP 85032B there are four equal adapters two APC 7 to type N f and two APC 7 to type N m To create the adapter in the following example connect two APC 7 to type N f adapters 1 Connect a test cable with type N m connectors to the analyzer...

Page 82: ...sition marker 2 to the right edge of the measurement trace 10 Press Find the mean value located in the upper right corner of the display 11 Divide the mean value by 2 Record this value for use later in the procedure 12 Select a type N f calibration kit for port 2 This is necessary because the type N m short connected to the adapter on port 2 is a component in a type N f calibration kit Press and u...

Page 83: ...d by entering the electrical delay of the adapter To do so Press Enter the delay value with the keypad and softkeys 18 Save and automatically assign the modified cal kit buffer as a user defined cal kit for port 2 To do so Press Use the front panel knob or the keys to highlight the desired User Kit in the display s table In this example highlight Cal Kit A Press If you want to enter a cal kit desc...

Page 84: ... Reflection Cal menu is displayed Next press If you want to correct for crosstalk errors toggle ON the key For more information about isolation refer to the definition of a user two port calibration in Chapter 6 21 When the instrument prompts you to connect a through cable insert the female to female adapter between the test cables connected to port 1 and port 2 as shown in Figure 3 11 Press Figur...

Page 85: ...the instrument prompts you connect three standards open short and load to the port 2 test cable as shown in the graphic above 26 Press after connecting each standard 27 The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate new calibration coefficients The message Calibration complete will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error correction array Measure Sta...

Page 86: ...Changing sweep frequencies and other source parameters may affect your calibration See Chapter 6 for more information Connect the DUT 28 Measure the test device using the setup shown in Figure 3 12 Figure 3 12 Equipment Setup for an S Parameter Measurement of a Type N f Two Port Noninsertable Device ...

Page 87: ...pter is connected directly to the analyzer s port 1 2 Connect a test cable with type N m connectors to the analyzer s port 2 3 Press or 4 Select the proper calibration kits for each port For port 1 use the front panel knob or the keys to highlight Port 1 in the display s table Press For port 2 use the front panel knob or the keys to highlight Port 2 in the display s table Press 5 Press Perform a o...

Page 88: ...t edge of the measurement trace 11 Press Find the mean value located in the upper right corner of the display 12 Divide the mean value by 2 Record this value for use later in the procedure 13 Determine the offset delay of the calibration short Press Press until the Cal Kit screen is displayed In the CAL KIT Port 1 display find the numeric value for the delay of the short This Port 1 heading is app...

Page 89: ...ay s table press Use a keyboard connected to the analyzer s DIN KEYBOARD connector to enter the description If you don t have a keyboard you can use the analyzer s keys or the front panel knob and the key to select and enter characters from the top of the analyzer s display Press when done 18 Modify the Port 2 calibration kit definition of the through standard by entering the electrical delay of t...

Page 90: ...n process by pressing until the Reflection Cal menu is displayed Next press If you want to correct for crosstalk errors toggle ON the key for more information about isolation refer to the definition of a user two port calibration in Chapter 6 21 When the instrument prompts you to connect a through cable insert the type N to 3 5 mm female to female adapter between the test cables connected to port ...

Page 91: ...the instrument prompts you connect three type N standards open short and load to the port 2 test cable as shown in the graphic above 26 Press after connecting each standard 27 The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate new calibration coefficients The message Calibration complete will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error correction array Meas...

Page 92: ...ect the DUT 28 Measure the test device using the setup shown in Figure 3 15 Figure 3 15 Equipment Setup for an S Parameter Measurement of a Type N f to 3 5 mm f Two Port Noninsertable Device View and Interpret the S Parameter Measurement Results 1 To view the entire measurement trace on the display press 2 To interpret the measurement refer to other S parameter measurement examples later in this c...

Page 93: ...s the most accurate form of error correction it results in a slower measurement speed than when using other calibrations See the table below for a list of all possible calibration choices for S21 or S12 measurements TIP An optimum calibration is critical for achieving best measurement accuracy Refer to Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy for detailed information about all of t...

Page 94: ...me enter them now Perform an Enhanced Response Calibration An enhanced response calibration uses known standards to correct for source match and frequency response errors when using narrowband detection When you perform an enhanced transmission response calibration the analyzer performs correction at each data point across the selected frequency band The default number of data points per sweep is ...

Page 95: ...el RF ports are female the calibration standards in turn have male connectors NOTE If you are going to be using calibration standards other than the default female type N you must select a calibration kit to match the port s at your calibration reference plane Do this by pressing and then selecting the appropriate type Cal Kit Model Number Impedance Connector Type For Use with Male Test Ports For ...

Page 96: ...t has the same type of connector on each port but with a different sex or the same type of sexless connector on each port APC 7 for example Chapter 6 provides detail about when a user defined calibration is necessary and information about other calibrations available for S21 measurements If you wish to perform an enhanced response calibration on your instrument for an S21 measurement execute the f...

Page 97: ...for more information Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices A non insertable device is one that cannot be inserted in place of a zero length through standard It has the same connectors on each port type and sex or has a different type of connector on each port SMA on one port and Type N on the other for example To review two methods of calibration for non insertable devices refer to the previous se...

Page 98: ...hrough the device divided by the incident power To display the result in logarithmic magnitude format designated by Log Mag at the top of the measurement screen the analyzer computes the measurement trace using the following formula where Ptrans the power transmitted through the device and where Pinc the incident power b A level of 0 dB would indicate a perfect through cable or device no loss or g...

Page 99: ...f an S21 Measurement Display 5 See Using Markers on page 4 3 in for more detailed information on using markers to interpret measurements NOTE For the measurement to be valid input signals must fall within the dynamic range of the analyzer See Chapter 5 Optimizing Measurements for techniques to increase the dynamic range of the analyzer ...

Page 100: ...n is the most accurate form of error correction for a two port device it results in a slower measurement speed See the table below for a list of all possible calibration choices for S11 or S22 measurements TIP An optimum calibration is critical for achieving best measurement accuracy Refer to Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy for detailed information about all of the various...

Page 101: ... perform a one port reflection calibration A one port reflection calibration uses known standards to correct for directivity source match and frequency response errors when using narrowband detection When you perform a one port reflection calibration the analyzer performs correction at each data point across the selected frequency band The default number of data points per sweep is 201 but you can...

Page 102: ...male the calibration standards in turn have male connectors NOTE If you are going to be using calibration standards other than the default female type N you must select a calibration kit to match the port s at your calibration reference plane Do this by pressing and then selecting the appropriate type Cal Kit Model Number Impedance Connector Type For Use with Male Test Ports For Use with Female Te...

Page 103: ...1 Press 2 The instrument will prompt you to connect three standards open short and load to port 1 See Figure 3 18 Figure 3 18 Open Short Load Connections 3 Press after connecting each standard 4 The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate new calibration coefficients The message Calibration complete will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error co...

Page 104: ...S11 Measurement of a Two Port Device NOTE If you connect the DUT between both analyzer ports it is recommended that you use a 10 dB pad on the output of the DUT to improve measurement accuracy If you connect a two port DUT to only one analyzer port it is recommended that you use a high quality load such as a calibration standard on the output of the DUT ...

Page 105: ...ES User s Guide 3 53 Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reflection Port 1 using a One Port Calibration Figure 3 20 Equipment Setup for an S11 Measurement of a One Port Device ...

Page 106: ...y the result in logarithmic magnitude format designated by Log Mag at the top of the measurement screen the analyzer computes the measurement trace using the following formula where Prefl the power of the signal reflected from the device and where Pinc the incident power b A level of 0 dB indicates that all of the power applied to the DUT is reflected back and that none of it passes through the DU...

Page 107: ...ple of an S11 Measurement Display 3 To quickly determine the filter s return loss press and then use the front panel knob the keys or the numeric keypad to read the value of return loss at the desired frequency 4 See Using Markers on page 4 3 in for detailed information on using markers to interpret measurements MARKER ...

Page 108: ...r uses the broadband detection mode and measures the total power of all frequencies present in the transmitted signal B This signal may contain frequencies other than the source frequency such as when the DUT is a mixer This section uses an example measurement to describe how to normalize the data and measure the total output power of an amplifier NOTE Broadband power measurements are only specifi...

Page 109: ...erform a Normalization Calibration Normalization is the simplest type of calibration The analyzer stores a measurement trace into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove unwanted frequency response errors This calibration is used for the power measurement to remove the insertion loss error of the test cable Changing the frequency span or number of measurement points...

Page 110: ...ncy parameters 3 Press or This stores the data into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove frequency response errors 4 Insert the amplifier as shown in Figure 3 23 Connect the DUT Figure 3 23 Equipment Setup for a Power Measurement FREQ Start 10 MHz DISPLAY Normalize CAL Normalize on OFF ...

Page 111: ... this measurement on your instrument a When making a power measurement the display shows the power measured at the analyzer s input connector This power is absolute power as opposed to a power ratio b Note that when making a power measurement the values associated with the vertical axis are in units of dBm which is the power measured in reference to 1 mW 0 dBm 1 mW 10 dBm 100 µW 10 dBm 10 mW Other...

Page 112: ...el is set to higher than the specified output power for your analyzer the source could go unleveled See Chapter 9 Specifications for source and receiver specifications If your device requires input power greater than your analyzer s specified output power you may need to use a preamplifier in your measurement setup However remember to not exceed the receiver damage limit of 26 dBm ...

Page 113: ... to compare the transmitted signal B to the reference signal R This is because the input and output signals of a frequency translating device may be different Since broadband detection measures signals at all frequencies you may want to use a filter to remove unwanted signals such as LO feedthrough when performing this measurement For example an RF signal at 900 MHz mixed with an LO signal at 200 ...

Page 114: ...ameters for a conversion loss measurement If your particular conversion loss measurement requires different parameters such as source power level number of data points and sweeptime enter them now Perform a Normalization Calibration Normalization is the simplest type of calibration The analyzer stores a measurement trace into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove ...

Page 115: ...ter 700 MHz 3 Press or This stores the filter response passband into memory and sets up a normalized trace so that the filter response magnitude is removed from the measurement 4 Insert the mixer as shown in Figure 3 27 5 Press to change the center frequency so that the mixing product of the mixer is in the passband of the IF filter FREQ Center 700 MHz Span 15 MHz DISPLAY Normalize CAL Normalize o...

Page 116: ...3 64 ES User s Guide Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Connect the DUT Figure 3 27 Equipment Setup for a Conversion Loss Measurement ...

Page 117: ...tted signal through the device divided by the incident power To display the result in logarithmic magnitude format designated by Log Mag at the top of the measurement screen the analyzer computes the measurement trace using the following formula where Ptrans the power measured at the IF output of the mixer and where Pinc the incident power at the RF input b A level of 0 dB would indicate a perfect...

Page 118: ...sion Loss Figure 3 28 Example of a Conversion Loss Measurement NOTE For the measurement to be valid input signals must fall within the dynamic range and frequency range of the analyzer See Chapter 5 for techniques to increase the dynamic range of the analyzer ...

Page 119: ...ints per sweep and sampled data points may not occur at evenly spaced intervals unless the analyzer is in CW mode The AUX INPUT sampling rate depends upon the instrument state and sweep In CW mode with the fastest possible sweep time set to AUTO system bandwidth has the most significant effect on this timing Data points are typically taken at about 0 2 0 6 7 2 and 70 ms intervals in wide medium na...

Page 120: ...rements Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input Auxiliary Input Characteristics Nominal impedance 10 kΩ Accuracy 3 of the auxiliary input reading 20 mV Calibrated range 10 V Usable range 15 V Maximum input 15 V Damage Level 15 1 V ...

Page 121: ...degrees satisfying the following relationship If this relationship is not satisfied incorrect measurements will occur since the measurement of the phase difference at adjacent points will be undersampled This section uses an example measurement to describe how to calibrate for and make a basic phase derived delay group delay measurement An S21 measurement is demonstrated in this example but the sa...

Page 122: ...ed to measure frequency translating devices Enter the Measurement Parameters 1 Press the following keys on the analyzer or 2 Choose an aperture When choosing an aperture there is a trade off between minimum apertures giving more resolution but noisier responses and maximum apertures giving less resolution but smoother responses For this example choose an aperture of 4 by pressing PRESET User Prese...

Page 123: ...ipment Setup for a Group Delay Measurement View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results 1 To view the entire measurement trace on the display press 2 To interpret the group delay measurement refer to Figure 3 30 Example of a Phase Derived Delay Measurement Display or your analyzer s display if you are making this measurement on your instrument a The measurement trace depicts the amount o...

Page 124: ...frequency and delay in nanoseconds of the maximum delay point Figure 3 30 Example of a Phase Derived Delay Measurement Display 5 See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more detailed information on using markers to interpret measurements NOTE Phase derived delay measurements can benefit from the noise reduction techniques discussed in Chapter 5 MARKER Marker Search Max Search Mkr Max ...

Page 125: ...ular grid from which the series resistance and reactance can be read R jX See Figure 3 33 Interpreting the Smith Chart for more information on the Smith chart Marker features on the analyzer display the resistance in units of ohms and the reactance as an equivalent capacitance or inductance in units of farads or henrys This section uses an example measurement to describe how to measure the input i...

Page 126: ...frequency range source power level number of data points and sweeptime enter them now Perform a User Two Port Calibration Refer to the section Measuring S Parameters using a Two Port Calibration on page 3 19 for examples of how to perform a user two port calibration NOTE If you are testing a one port device refer to the section Perform a User One Port Calibration on page 3 49 for an example of how...

Page 127: ...ement of a Two Port Device NOTE If you connect the DUT between both analyzer ports it is recommended that you use a 10 dB pad on the output of the DUT to improve measurement accuracy If you connect a two port DUT to only one analyzer port it is recommended that you use a high quality load such as a calibration standard on the output of the DUT ...

Page 128: ...e is the real portion of the impedance the resistance The center of the horizontal axis always represents the system impedance 50 Ω in this example b The dashed circles that intersect the horizontal axis represent constant resistance The dashed arcs that are tangent to the horizontal axis represent constant reactance c The upper half of the Smith chart is the area where the reactive component is p...

Page 129: ...nt Γ can be determined in the following two ways i Reading the Smith chart as follows ρ Γ the distance from the measurement point to the center point on the chart See Figure 3 34 Determining the Magnitude and Phase of the Reflection Coefficient Γ θ the angle between the horizontal axis of the Smith chart and a line from the center point to the measurement point See Figure 3 34 ...

Page 130: ...easuring Impedance using the Smith Chart ii Displaying the measurement in polar format and using the marker readout of magnitude and phase To do so press Figure 3 34 Determining the Magnitude and Phase of the Reflection Coefficient FORMAT Polar ...

Page 131: ...rt 3 Figure 3 35 shows an example of an actual measurement Note the marker readout in the upper right corner of the display The marker values are frequency resistance reactance and the equivalent capacitance or inductance respectively Figure 3 35 Example of an Impedance Measurement ...

Page 132: ... impedance measurement is highly dependent on a good calibration The accuracy of the impedance measurement is best when the measurement results are near the analyzer s system impedance 50 or 75 ohms The resolution is limited by internal math calculations to approximately 5 to 10 milliohms To use the impedance magnitude format press How the Reflection Measurement Works A reflection trace can be con...

Page 133: ...n response The complex impedance ZTrans is computed based on T and Z0 The analyzer displays the magnitude of ZTrans This is not the same as a two port Z parameter conversion as only the measured parameter is used in the equations Chapter 6 provides information about all of the calibrations available for transmission measurements A two port calibration is the most accurate form of error correction ...

Page 134: ...load side of the device as shown in Figure 3 38 If you choose to do this be sure to connect the attenuator before performing the enhanced response calibration When interpreting the resulting impedance measurement remember that the analyzer is computing a transform and displaying the equivalent series impedance If your device has significant shunt impedance the results may differ significantly from...

Page 135: ...ES User s Guide 4 1 4 Using Instrument Functions ...

Page 136: ...ns are explained in this chapter Using Markers on page 4 3 Using Limit Testing on page 4 28 Using Reference Tracking on page 4 42 Customizing the Display on page 4 45 Saving and Recalling Measurement Results on page 4 55 Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters on page 4 68 Printing and Plotting Measurement Results on page 4 78 Using a Keyboard on page 4 83 Using an External VGA Monitor on...

Page 137: ... have a stimulus value a resistive value a reactive value and a complex impedance value In polar format markers have a stimulus value a magnitude value and a phase value When you switch on a marker and no other function is active the analyzer shows the marker stimulus value in the active entry area You can control markers with the front panel knob the keys or the front panel numeric keypad The mar...

Page 138: ...sion measurement of a filter To follow along with these examples use the filter that was shipped with your analyzer connect the equipment as shown and set up the analyzer by pressing the keys shown below Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Connect the Filter to the Analyzer or NOTE When you make a hardcopy of your measurement results that contain displayed markers you can choose to have a marker table appear on...

Page 139: ...er Definition Although there may be up to eight markers on the display screen at one time only one marker can be active at any given time The active marker is designated by a triangle pointing down with the marker number above it Any other markers on the display are inactive and are designated by a triangle pointing up with the marker number below it Any marker can be made active by selecting its ...

Page 140: ...rs To Turn Markers Off 1 All markers can be turned off by pressing 2 To turn off an individual marker make it the active marker by pressing its corresponding softkey and then press accessed by pressing if necessary MARKER All Off Active Marker Off More Markers ...

Page 141: ...t marker search types on measurement channel 1 that are incompatible with those on measurement channel 2 and vice versa Doing so can cause the markers on the inactive channel to be moved Be careful to ensure you are using the correct markers for the measurement channel you are currently measuring especially when marker tracking is turned on To Use Max Search and Min Search The maximum search funct...

Page 142: ...urement trace respectively You can search for the next highest or lowest point using the and keys A maximum or minimum point is detected whenever an amplitude excursion greater than half of a division occurs The half of a division excursion requirement must be satisfied on both sides left and right of the peak or minimum The maximum or minimum point must be 60 dB See Figure 4 4 Mkr Max Mkr Min Nex...

Page 143: ...m Search Criteria When the maximum or minimum point is at or near either edge of the display the excursion requirement is satisfied by a half of a division excursion on just one side of the maximum or minimum See Figure 4 5 Figure 4 5 Peak and Minimum Search Criteria at Display Endpoints ...

Page 144: ...rmat only 1 Press The bandwidth search feature analyzes a bandpass filter and calculates the bandwidth center frequency and Q see note below for the specified bandwidth level The default bandwidth search level is 3 dB The bandwidth information is displayed in the upper right corner of the network analyzer screen The bandwidth feature puts marker 1 in delta marker mode Delta marker mode is explaine...

Page 145: ...th Marker Search shows a 6 dB bandwidth marker search on measurement channel 1 Dedicated Use of Markers in Bandwidth Search Mode a The center frequency is defined by the analyzer as the midpoint between the two bandwidth cutoff points 6 ENTER FREQ Disp Freq Resolution Dedicated Use Measurement Channel 1 Measurement Channel 2 maximum power value marker 1 marker 2 center frequency of pass band a mar...

Page 146: ...4 12 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 6 6 dB Bandwidth Marker Search ...

Page 147: ...mode Delta marker mode is explained later in this chapter NOTE Q stands for quality factor defined as the ratio of a circuit s resonant frequency to its bandwidth Your analyzer calculates Q as the center frequency divided by the bandwidth Each marker s dedicated use is listed in the following table Figure 4 7 shows a 6 dB notch marker search on measurement channel 1 Dedicated Use of Markers in Not...

Page 148: ... With marker tracking on the multi peak notch search will be performed after each sweep NOTE During a multi peak or multi notch search eight markers are always placed on the trace regardless of how many peaks or notches are found The markers that aren t placed on a peak or notch are placed at the far right of the display on the current maximum frequency point A maximum or minimum point is detected...

Page 149: ...um Search Criteria When the maximum or minimum point is at or near either edge of the display the excursion requirement is satisfied by a half of a division excursion on just one side of the maximum or minimum See Figure 4 9 Figure 4 9 Peak and Minimum Search Criteria at Display Endpoints ...

Page 150: ...measuring a multi pole bandpass filter or if measuring a multi pole notch filter See Figure 4 10 Multi Peak Search Mode and Figure 4 11 Multi Notch Search Mode for examples of a multi peak and a multi notch search respectively Figure 4 10 Multi Peak Search Mode MARKER Marker Search More Multi Peak MultiNotch ...

Page 151: ...ES User s Guide 4 17 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 11 Multi Notch Search Mode ...

Page 152: ... the same time as marker search functions To Use Marker Statistics The marker statistics function measures a user defined segment of the measurement trace and calculates the following frequency span mean amplitude standard deviation of the amplitude response peak to peak ripple Limit testing may be performed on the statistical mean and peak to peak ripple See To Use Marker Limit Functions on page ...

Page 153: ...ES User s Guide 4 19 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 12 Marker Statistics Function ...

Page 154: ...he magnitude difference of the maximum and minimum calculated deviations from the straight line Limit testing may be performed on the flatness parameter See To Use Marker Limit Functions on page 4 32 for information 1 On measurement channel 1 press and set markers 1 and 2 to define the beginning and end of the trace segment that you want to measure When using measurement channel 2 use markers 3 an...

Page 155: ...ES User s Guide 4 21 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 13 Marker Flatness Function ...

Page 156: ...d stopband 2 Press 3 At the end of each sweep this feature calculates the insertion loss and peak to peak ripple of the passband as well as the maximum signal amplitude in the stopband The insertion loss is defined as the minimum point between markers 1 and 2 with respect to 0 dB The peak to peak ripple of the passband is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum points in the pass...

Page 157: ...ES User s Guide 4 23 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 14 RF Filter Statistics Function ...

Page 158: ... this example set up the instrument for an S21 forward transmission measurement of the bandpass filter that was shipped with your instrument 1 Press to move marker 1 the active marker to the maximum value on the trace 2 Press to place a reference marker at the active marker position 3 Press to place marker 1 to the minimum point on the trace 4 The difference between the markers frequency and ampli...

Page 159: ...ES User s Guide 4 25 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 15 Delta Marker Mode ...

Page 160: ... all off and this function is selected it first turns on marker 1 at its previous setting or if no previous setting at the center frequency default 1 Press and then use the front panel knob or the numeric keypad to move the marker to about 10 dB 2 Press and note that the trace has now shifted up and that the marker is exactly on the reference level To Use Marker to Electrical Delay The marker to e...

Page 161: ... you are viewing a polar display format The polar format is accessed by pressing To Use Smith Chart Markers In Smith chart format markers have a resistive value a reactive value and a complex impedance value The Smith chart format is accessed by pressing For information on interpreting Smith chart values see Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart on page 3 73 FORMAT Polar FORMAT Smith Chart ...

Page 162: ...pes of lines may be used individually or combined to represent the performance parameters for your device under test Also available are limit testing capabilities for five types of marker searches statistical mean peak to peak ripple flatness delta amplitude and delta frequency NOTE Limit testing is only performed on the measurement data trace It cannot be performed on a memory trace NOTE Limit li...

Page 163: ... to the current limits If you are using the filter that was shipped with your instrument you should see a PASS indicator To edit a current limit line and to see what a fail indicator looks like press and set the and to 0 dB 11 Notice the display now shows the FAIL indicator NOTE You can move the position of the pass fail indicator turn on or off the pass fail text and turn on or off the fail icon ...

Page 164: ...OTE When creating limit lines you can enter frequency and limit values using the front panel knob or the keys as well as the numeric keypad Figure 4 16 Limit Lines shows limit lines that dictate the specified shape of a bandpass filter In this example a filter was connected to the analyzer and tuned so that its response was within the created limit lines The pass fail indicator gives constant feed...

Page 165: ...ES User s Guide 4 31 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Figure 4 16 Limit Lines ...

Page 166: ...he closest data point to the frequency of the set limit See Additional Notes on Limit Testing on page 4 39 for more information 1 Press 2 Press 3 Press To Use Marker Limit Functions The following marker limit test types are available in the marker limit table Statistic Mean Statistic p p Flatness Delta Ampl Delta Freq You can use pass fail limit testing on three parameters of the marker math funct...

Page 167: ...rs on the display with this limit test function Therefore the function has no effect when using marker limits Peak to Peak Ripple 1 This limit test requires that you first define a segment on the measurement trace using markers 1 and 2 or markers 3 and 4 for measurement channel 2 Then press to enable the statistics marker search See To Use Marker Statistics on page 4 18 for more information on usi...

Page 168: ...Press 3 Use the front panel knob or the keys to select Flatness in the marker limit test table Turn this limit function on by pressing the key Note that the entry in the on off column of the table changes to on 4 Press and enter the maximum limit using the front panel keypad and terminating the entry with the key 5 Press and enter the minimum limit using the front panel keypad and terminating the ...

Page 169: ...elta Frequency This marker limit test allows you to set marker 1 as a frequency reference against which marker 2 is limit tested 1 This limit test requires that you first use marker 1 to determine the reference frequency Press and then use the front panel knob or the keys to place marker 1 at the desired place on the measurement trace The frequency of marker 1 at this point becomes the delta refer...

Page 170: ...eated for tuning a filter to a particular shape If the shape is more important than the amplitude you can make the limit lines relative to the peak point of the trace using the reference tracking function In this example you would press The limit lines are now relative to the peak point on the measurement trace rather than set at an absolute amplitude For more information on reference tracking see...

Page 171: ...l Indicator Text and Icon The limit test pass fail indicator and text can be moved to any position on the display screen To move the position of the pass fail indicator 1 Press 2 Press and use the front panel knob or the keys to position the pass fail indicator along the horizontal axis You can also place the indicator along the horizontal axis by entering a percentage using the numeric keypad Ent...

Page 172: ...word pass or fail such as 1 FAIL by pressing You can toggle on or off the fail icon there is no pass icon only text by pressing Using a Marker During Limit Entry Pressing the softkey while entering a limit line will activate a marker The marker can be used to determine a frequency or level of interest on the device response DISPLAY Limit Menu Limit Options Limit Icon ON off DISPLAY Limit Menu Limi...

Page 173: ...before entering your limits Calculating the Frequency of a Data Point The frequency of each data point is calculated using the following formula where pt number ranges from 1 for the leftmost display point to number of points the rightmost display point Limit Testing and Measurement Points Limit testing is only performed on actual data points not interpolated values between them The limit lines or...

Page 174: ... limit line Figure 4 17 Limit Lines Example 1 Note that the beginning of the limit line falls between points A and B along the horizontal frequency axis The end of the limit line falls between points B and C along the frequency axis Therefore only one measurement point is encountered between the beginning and end of the limit line This particular example would result in a limit test result of PASS...

Page 175: ... 90 MHz Maximum limit line end frequency 200 MHz Refer to the illustration below for the discussion Around 199 MHz the data trace crosses through the limit line and thus appears to have failed the test However the analyzer shows the PASS indicator because the last point tested is at 198 MHz The last point displayed 210 MHz does not cause the limit test to fail because it is past the limit line end...

Page 176: ...ch sweep so that the point of interest always falls on the display reference line When reference tracking is on marker values are displayed relative to the point of interest Limit lines are also displayed relative to the point of interest when reference tracking is on You may want to use relative limits when the shape of a measurement trace is more important than the absolute amplitude See To Use ...

Page 177: ...Figure 4 19 Reference Positions 2 Press The reference level is now adjusted with each sweep so that the peak point on the measurement trace falls on the reference line Note that the y axis is now a relative scale with all amplitude values referenced to the reference line 3 To turn reference tracking off press The y axis reverts to its previous scale format and the reference level is readjusted so ...

Page 178: ...l is now adjusted with each sweep so that the frequency of interest falls on the reference line Note that the y axis is now a relative scale with all amplitude values referenced to the reference line Also note that a small arrow appears underneath the measurement trace at the point where the frequency of interest intersects the reference line 4 To turn reference tracking off press The y axis rever...

Page 179: ...display feature You can turn on or off features such as the display graticule and limit lines You can also modify and or turn on or off most of the display annotation You can expand the measurement display to the full screen size and eliminate all annotation except marker annotation Refer to Displaying Measurement Results in the Automating Measurements User s Guide Supplement for more information ...

Page 180: ...play Feature When using both measurement channels you can choose to either view both of them simultaneously on one full size display or use the split screen feature To use the split display feature press Refer to Figure 4 20 Figure 4 20 Split Display DISPLAY More Display Split Disp FULL split ...

Page 181: ...ons Customizing the Display Enabling Disabling Display Features Figure 4 21 shows a display screen with graticule lines the measurement grid and two limit lines In the default or preset state these lines are turned on Figure 4 21 Display Features ...

Page 182: ... limit indicators Modifying Display Annotation When you first turn on your analyzer or use the or keys to return it to the default condition most of the display annotation is visible You may want to modify or turn on or off some of the annotation to customize the display to your preferences Figure 4 22 The Display Annotation shows the display screen and points out the different annotation areas So...

Page 183: ...ES User s Guide 4 49 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 22 The Display Annotation ...

Page 184: ...eset state this annotation area is toggled off When the title mode is initially turned on by pressing line 1 is empty and the clock date and time of day is assigned to line 2 The menu allows you to customize these two lines The clock can be shown on line 1 line 2 or can be turned off You can enter up to 30 characters of text on either or both lines NOTE When the display is in split display mode li...

Page 185: ...alues in ABS mode the absolute value of each horizontal graticule line is indicated in REL mode the value of each horizontal graticule line is indicated relative to the value of the reference line To turn on or off the y axis annotation press Limit Test Pass Fail Indicator The limit test pass fail indicator can be moved to any position on the display screen To move the position of the pass fail in...

Page 186: ...y to the full screen size The remaining annotation is enlarged for better readability To use the expanded display feature follow the steps below 1 Press 2 Press At this point and until you turn the expand mode off with the key the key is used to toggle between the expanded display and the normal display NOTE Because the key also functions as the entry off key it may be necessary to press twice The...

Page 187: ...ES User s Guide 4 53 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 23 Normal Display ...

Page 188: ...4 54 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 24 Expanded Display ...

Page 189: ... Instrument state information is saved and recalled for both measurement channels Cal The measurement calibration information is the measurement correction data that the analyzer creates when you make a calibration Measurement calibration information is saved and recalled for both measurement channels Data The measurement data consists of the actual measurement data trace You can save any combinat...

Page 190: ...rs allowed you to save to a LIF formatted floppy disk The C and the new E model analyzers allow you to read from a LIF disk but you cannot save to a LIF disk The file format for the A and B model analyzers is different from the C and the new E model format When saving data you can save it either in a format that is compatible with older analyzers or in a format that is only compatible with E analy...

Page 191: ... Preset State and Memory Allocation for information on the analyzer s instrument state memory allocation Select the Disk 1 Press and press the key that corresponds to the disk where you are going to save data Press to save to the analyzer s internal non volatile memory Non volatile means that the information will be retained in memory when the power to the analyzer is turned off This is the defaul...

Page 192: ...splayed on the network analyzer screen NOTE Note that the key is automatically toggled ON when the key is toggled ON 2 Press to save the instrument state file The filename appears on the screen as STATE STA where is a number the analyzer selects from 0 to 999 3 If you own older model network analyzers HP 8711A HP 8711B 12B 13B 14B HP 8711C 12C 13C 14C and you need your saved files to be recalled o...

Page 193: ... packages Column 1 is the frequency point and column 2 is the measured value at that point Touchstone format also called S2P data format is useful for importing measurement data into CAE programs such as Hewlett Packard s Microwave Design System MDS and Advanced Design System ADS b Choose or depending on which measurement channel data you want to save 3 The filename appears on the network analyzer...

Page 194: ...ement calibration information is linked to the instrument state and measurement parameters for which the calibration was done Therefore a saved calibration can be used for multiple instrument states as long as the measurement parameter frequency range and number of points are compatible For more information refer to Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy 1 Press and press the key...

Page 195: ... calibration or measurement data 6 If you have not previously saved any files to this disk you may want to save a few instrument states now to follow along 7 Press Note that the measurement display now reappears on the screen and that there are file names next to the first seven softkeys If any of the softkeys are blank it s because you had less than seven files saved on the disk The files are pla...

Page 196: ...ycle through up to seven instrument states in sequence by activating the switch 1 Connect a switch to the USER TTL IN OUT rear panel connector as shown in Figure 4 25 Figure 4 25 Connect a Switch to the USER TTL IN OUT Connector 2 Make sure the analyzer is configured to use the USER TTL IN OUT connector for softkey sequencing press 3 With fast recall toggled to on press the switch several times wh...

Page 197: ...panel knob or the keys 2 Press 3 To delete all files within the current directory press To Copy a File 1 Highlight the file to be copied by using the front panel knob or the keys 2 Press and then select the destination disk for the file to be copied You will then be given the opportunity to edit the destination file name if you wish 3 Use a keyboard if connected or the front panel knob and the sof...

Page 198: ...ll notice that when using the file utilities the analyzer displays the SCPI name in the disk catalog window and in the filename entry windows NOTE The dynamic data disk is an internal FTP directory called data For more information refer to Accessing the Analyzer s Dynamic Data Disk located in The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement Table 4 1 Disk Access For more details on HP IB programming refe...

Page 199: ...sk internal volatile RAM disk or internal 3 5 disk floppy disk used in the analyzer s built in disk drive CAUTION Remember that volatile RAM disk memory will be lost if the power to the instrument is turned off 4 Press Think of a logical name to call a directory Standard MS DOS naming conventions apply to the name of the directory maximum of eight characters plus a three character extension Window...

Page 200: ...nge to the previous directory highlight PARENT and press to return to the disk s previous directory 3 To change to the disk s main or root directory continue highlighting and changing to the PARENT directory until the current directory name in the top box is simply a backslash Remove a Directory 1 A directory must be empty before it can be removed If there are files in the directory that you want ...

Page 201: ...k and internal volatile RAM disk do not need to be formatted CAUTION All information on the disk will be erased during the formatting process 1 Make sure the disk is not write protected by ensuring the write protect tab is in the proper position 2 Insert the disk into the analyzer s disk drive 3 Press 4 It will take approximately 2 5 minutes for the disk to be formatted SAVE RECALL File Utilities ...

Page 202: ...ewlett Packard plotters and desktop printers are compatible with the analyzer Some common compatible plotters are listed below some are no longer available for purchase but are listed here for your reference Also listed below is the address of an HP Web page that displays a current printer compatibility guide Compatible Plotters HP 7440A ColorPro Eight Pen Color Graphics Plotter HP 7470A Two Pen G...

Page 203: ...e Cable 3 0 m HP C2946A Parallel Printer Cable 3 0 m HP C2947A Parallel Printer Cable 10 m HP C2913A RS 232C Serial Interface Cable 1 2 m HP 24542G Serial Interface Cable 3 m 9F to 25M If your peripheral is to be connected via the LAN port on the analyzer you will need a LAN hub and 2 Ethertwist cables Choose from the following HP J2610B AdvanceStack 10Base T Hub 8U typical 8 port hub HP J2611B Ad...

Page 204: ...rument Functions Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters Connect the Printer or Plotter 1 Turn off the analyzer and the printer or plotter 2 Connect to one of the ports shown in Figure 4 26 Figure 4 26 Peripheral Connections ...

Page 205: ...COPY PORT HP Plotter HP Plotter HP Plotter HP Printer HP Printer HP Printer Epson Compatible Epson Compatible File File File File File File HP LaserJet PCL5 6 HP LaserJet PCL5 6 HP LaserJet PCL5 6 HP LaserJet PCL5 6 HPGL HPGL HPGL PCL PCL PCL Epson Epson HPGL PCX PCL5 HPGL PCX PCL5 PCL5 PCL5 PCL5 PCL5 Parallel Port RS232 Serial HP IB Parallel Port RS232 Serial HP IB Parallel Port RS232 Serial Inte...

Page 206: ... front panel numeric key pad to make your entry Configuring the Analyzer for a LAN Printer Press Use an external keyboard connected to the analyzer s rear panel DIN KEYBOARD connector and type in the LAN IP address For information on using a keyboard see Using a Keyboard on page 4 83 Or use the front panel knob and key to point to and select each character of the IP address Then press Refer to The...

Page 207: ...is selectable at a time Three procedures follow Use Defining a PCL5 Printer below or Defining a Printer on page 4 75 if you are using a printer Otherwise go to Defining a Plotter on page 4 77 Defining a PCL5 Printer Make the following selections in the analyzer menus 1 Press to restore the default parameters for a printer The defaults are HARDCOPY Define PCL5 Define Printer Define Plotter Restore ...

Page 208: ... quarter turn relative to portrait mode Thus in landscape mode print width actually defines the height of the printed image NOTE PCL5 PRINT OVERRUN Errors and Page Protection When printing using PCL5 format the printed page s complexity may exceed the printer s ability to create the image and keep pace with the engine printing process If the data is too complex it might print in sections or only p...

Page 209: ...t choice orientates the printout vertically the landscape orientates the printout horizontally 4 If you do not want auto feed active press 5 Press to change the printer resolution margins and print width a Refer to the following table for some specific printers and their valid print resolutions Restore Defaults Parameter Default Monochrome Color Orientation Auto Feed Printer Resolution Top Margin ...

Page 210: ...g is 200 00 mm d Sets print width printing space of printout in mm Minimum setting is 80 mm maximum is 500 mm Width is defined relative to the printer It is the dimension at right angle to the travel of the paper Landscape mode is rotated one quarter turn relative to portrait mode Thus in landscape mode print width actually defines the height of the printed image Printer Valid Resolutions in DPI H...

Page 211: ...the type of plotter you have either monochrome or color 3 Use to select the pen number s for the data traces memory traces graticule and graphics Press when done selecting pens 4 If you do not want auto feed active press Restore Defaults Parameter Default Monochrome Color Monochrome Auto Feed ON Color Plotter Pen Numbers Trace 1 Pen 1 Trace 2 Pen 2 Memory 1 Pen3 Memory 2 Pen 4 Graticule Pen 5 Grap...

Page 212: ...tore it on the analyzer s non volatile RAM disk or a 3 5 floppy disk in the built in disk drive Also you must select either an HP GL PCL5 or PCX file format All of these formats can be imported to many personal computer PC applications such as word processors and drawing programs This allows a simple method for screen dumps to be used in reports memos or other communications In addition with the L...

Page 213: ... and then one of the following selections Figure 4 27 Hardcopy Components and Formats Available and Figure 4 28 Trace Values show the available hardcopy components and formats HARDCOPY Define Hardcopy outputs both the graph and marker table outputs only the graph This selection allows printing of the limit line table as well outputs only the marker table This selection allows printing of the limit...

Page 214: ...4 80 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results Figure 4 27 Hardcopy Components and Formats Available ...

Page 215: ...h chart format will be frequency resistance and complex impedance NOTE You may notice a decrease in measurement speed when the network analyzer is outputting to a printer or plotter that doesn t have a built in buffer For the fastest possible hardcopy dump to such devices press before beginning the print or plot Refer to the following table for some typical print times outputs only the marker tabl...

Page 216: ... 150 dpi b These times were measured with the HP DeskJet 1200C in paper fast mode c Do not use a color cartridge for mono print on single cartridge DeskJets d Print width set to 181 mm to more closely match the size of PCL landscape print Printer Resolution dpi a Portrait Format min sec Landscape Format min sec Desk Jet 400 Desk Jet 693C Desk Jet 890C Desk Jet 1200Cb Desk Jet 1600C Laser Jet 6L De...

Page 217: ... 4 84 To Connect the Keyboard To connect a keyboard first turn off the analyzer Then connect a PC AT compatible keyboard with a mini DIN connector to the rear panel DIN KEYBOARD connector See Figure 1 4 on page 1 11 for the location of the keyboard connector Turn the analyzer back on after the keyboard connector is fully inserted into the connector NOTE If your keyboard has a standard large 5 pin ...

Page 218: ... 3 Press 4 Use the keyboard to backspace over the existing file name don t worry the existing file will not be written over and then use the keyboard to type in mixer 5 Press on the keyboard or the analyzer and the current instrument state will be saved to a file titled mixer Front Panel Control using a Keyboard A keyboard template was supplied with your shipment If you place the template on your ...

Page 219: ...econd key To select press alone In case of difficulty make sure that the keyboard is connected to the DIN KEYBOARD connector on the rear panel The keyboard must be IBM PC AT compatible Keyboard Function Key Front Panel Equivalents Shift Ctrl f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12 Softkey 1 Softkey 2 Softkey 3 Softkey 4 Softkey 5 Softkey 6 Softkey 7 Softkey 8 MEAS 1 MEAS 2 FREQ POWER SWEEP MENU SCA...

Page 220: ...t capabilities When you use the analyzer function to dump a graph you don t get the softkey menu that appears on the right hand side of the analyzer display Pressing on a keyboard will dump the current graph along with the current softkey menu HARDCOPY Shift Print Screen ...

Page 221: ...elected by pressing or were chosen for optimal viewing of measurement data and text on an external VGA color monitor and settings differ only in the colors assigned to Trace 1 Trace 2 Mem 1 and Mem 2 However you can customize the color of various display items if desired When importing screen images into a web browser or word processor via the LAN interface it is often desirable to select the inve...

Page 222: ...Press 4 Press 5 Finally press and then use the front panel knob to adjust the color to the desired hue Item Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Background Text User Graphics Pen 2 User Graphics Pen 3 User Graphics Pen 4 User Graphics Pen 5 User Graphics Pen 6 User Graphics Pen 7 Inactive Text Warning Text Graticule Trace 1 Mem 1 Trace 2 Mem 2 Text DISPLAY More Display Color Options ...

Page 223: ...le adjusting it press 2 If your external monitor is a sync on green signal monitor press the key to enable the sync on green capability 3 Use the and keys to vary the display s position on the monitor After pressing one of these softkeys use the front panel knob the keys or the numeric keypad to vary the position of the display on the monitor 4 Press For synchronizing your external monitor use the...

Page 224: ...4 90 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor ...

Page 225: ...ES User s Guide 5 1 5 Optimizing Measurements ...

Page 226: ...st measurement results The following sections are included in this chapter Increasing Sweep Speed on page 5 3 Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range on page 5 9 Reducing Trace Noise on page 5 12 Reducing Mismatch Errors on page 5 15 Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups on page 5 18 Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay on page 5 21 ...

Page 227: ...nt of averaging reduce the number of measurement points view a single measurement channel turn off alternate sweep turn off markers and marker tracking turn off spur avoidance minimize frequency span to avoid bandcrossings HP 8714ES only Select the Appropriate Calibration Type The two port method of calibration is the most accurate form of error correction for measuring two port devices since it c...

Page 228: ...ment settings 1 Press and look at the softkey label When AUTO is all capital letters it indicates that the analyzer is in auto sweep time mode If MAN is all capital letters the analyzer is in manual sweep time mode 2 If necessary press to toggle the time mode to AUTO To Widen the System Bandwidth Press to widen the IF bandwidth As the bandwidth increases the sweep speed gets faster and the trace n...

Page 229: ...s or the numeric keypad to enter the reduced number Generally as the number of points is decreased so is the sweep time However other factors will affect the sweep time such as using frequency bands that contain very low frequencies below approximately 20 MHz the number of band crossing points encountered in a sweep at approximately 1900 MHz 2310 MHz and 2620 MHz HP 8714ES only if the MHz msec rat...

Page 230: ...requency span decreases the total cycle time generally decreases As the number of points decreases the total cycle time decreases To View a Single Measurement Channel If you are viewing both measurement channels but only need one you can decrease measurement time by turning one of the channels off Select the channel you wish to turn off with either the or button Then select MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Meas OFF ...

Page 231: ...tkey should appear To Turn Off Markers and Marker Tracking When markers are on time is required to update the marker readouts Turning off markers can reduce sweep cycle time by up to 30 ms When the marker softkey menu is active it too must be updated adding up to 10 ms to the sweep cycle time Press When marker tracking is on the analyzer performs a search after each sweep Simple searches like can ...

Page 232: ...ep speed 1 Press and look at the softkey 2 If the key is highlighted with a box around it press the key NOTE If Spur Avoid must be used in your measurement set the start frequency as high as possible to obtain the fastest possible sweeps To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the Span HP 8714ES only Sweep time is increased when the analyzer encounters a bandcrossing point The frequency ban...

Page 233: ...receiver input power to achieve the highest dynamic range You can increase the analyzer s source output power as long as the test device output power stays within the measurement range of the analyzer Press and enter the new source power level If your test device output power stays within the maximum input limits shown below the receiver compression will be minimized Maximum Recommended Input Powe...

Page 234: ...put bandwidth As system bandwidth is reduced more receiver measurements are used per frequency point increasing the sweep time However with system bandwidth reduction unlike averaging only one sweep is required for the reduced noise floor effect The analyzer offers a choice of six system bandwidths wide medium wide default setting medium medium narrow narrow and fine 1 Press 2 Press the key that c...

Page 235: ...ses time for each individual sweep remains the same but total measurement time increases Averaging is better than system bandwidth reduction at minimizing very low frequency noise 1 Press and enter an averaging factor that is less than the value displayed on the analyzer screen followed by 2 Press NOTE When averaging is on there is an indicator in the lower right corner of the analyzer s display T...

Page 236: ...ully in the previous section To Change System Bandwidth for Reducing Trace Noise By reducing the system bandwidth you reduce the noise that is measured during the sweep However the decreased bandwidth may slow down the sweep While averaging requires multiple sweeps to reduce noise narrowing the system bandwidth reduces the noise on each sweep See the previous section for a more detailed explanatio...

Page 237: ...s explained in the following paragraph If dither does not eliminate visible spurs use spur avoid instead Dithering to Shift Spurs Dither shifts all spurs by a small amount once thus it imposes no sweep time penalty But some spurs occurring within the measured frequency band may not be shifted out of band and others may be shifted in Therefore dither is most effective for narrowband measurements wi...

Page 238: ...ime and system bandwidth To activate spur avoidance 1 Press 2 Make a user defined measurement calibration For calibration procedures refer to Chapter 6 NOTE Using spur avoid increases sweep time Since there are more spurs at the lower frequencies the time penalty can be reduced by setting the start frequency of the measurement as high as possible CAUTION The measurement calibration must be perform...

Page 239: ...o perform a two port calibration directly at the point that will connect to the DUT using the exact frequency parameters that you will be using for the measurement Though not quite as accurate as a two port calibration a one port calibration can also be used to reduce mismatch errors A one port calibration offers the advantage of faster measurement speeds than when using a two port calibration The...

Page 240: ...output of the DUT An enhanced response calibration offers the advantage of faster measurement speeds than when using a two port calibration 1 Set up your S21 forward transmission measurement or S12 reverse transmission measurement and frequency parameters 2 Press or 3 Follow the instructions on the display See Chapter 6 for more information on calibration choices for transmission measurements NOTE...

Page 241: ...for reflection and an enhanced response calibration for transmission can be performed using the exact frequency parameters that you will be using for the measurement With this calibration choice it is recommended that you put a 6 to 10 dB pad directly on the output of the DUT to improve measurement accuracy Using both a one port calibration and an enhanced response calibration offers the advantage...

Page 242: ...on directly at your DUT See Figure 5 2 Compensating for Test Fixture Delay for this discussion For example you might have a test fixture with type N connectors where you can easily perform an accurate calibration However calibrating at this connector does not remove the electrical length within the fixture The desired calibration reference plane is on the other side of the test fixture where you m...

Page 243: ... a short in place of the DUT Adjust the port extension until the phase response is flat Remember that most short circuit standards have a nonzero delay so adjusting delay using this method will result in a delay error equal to two times the short delay The delay values that you enter will be automatically applied appropriately to both transmission and reflection measurements For example when measu...

Page 244: ... active marker position Electrical delay is commonly used in transmission measurements to measure a device s electrical length or to remove phase slope to measure deviation from linear phase Unlike port extension electrical delay does not automatically adjust the applied delay when you switch between transmission and reflection measurements For this reason port extensions are preferred over electr...

Page 245: ... exact frequency being emitted at the analyzer s output port with an input bandwidth determined by the system bandwidth selection If the input signal is lower in frequency than the output signal the measurement of the input signal will be attenuated by the frequency response of the system bandwidth The amount of attenuation increases as the amount of frequency shift increases The amount of attenua...

Page 246: ...5 22 ES User s Guide Optimizing Measurements Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay ...

Page 247: ...ES User s Guide 6 1 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy ...

Page 248: ... calibration in the section titled Measurement Calibration Overview on page 6 3 The sections following the overview provide instructions for choosing performing saving and checking measurement calibrations Each example measurement in Chapter 3 Making Measurements provides an example calibration for the particular type of measurement ...

Page 249: ...ity are non repeatable and not correctable by measurement calibration Drift errors such as frequency and temperature drift occur after a calibration has been performed and can only be removed by doing another calibration Systematic errors such as tracking and mismatch are the most significant errors in most RF measurements Fortunately systematic errors are repeatable and for the most part correcta...

Page 250: ...crosstalk between test ports In reflection measurements it is due to imperfect directivity of internal signal separation devices Mismatch errors are due to the fact that the analyzer s port impedances are not exactly equal to the system impedance across the frequency range Source match errors are produced on the source side of the DUT load match errors on the load side If the DUT is not connected ...

Page 251: ...ge 10 and Figure 6 4 on page 6 11 The full two port error model includes all six of the systematic error terms for the forward direction and the same six with different data in the reverse direction for a total of twelve error terms This full two port vector error correction accounts for all major sources of systematic error and gives the most accurate measurements of two port devices By default h...

Page 252: ...e of them When performing a user two port user one port or an enhanced response calibration be sure to select the correct cal kit by pressing Make consistent connections of the standards and DUTs if possible use a torque wrench when using 3 5 mm connectors Minimize temperature variations Use high quality cables semi rigid cables for example Minimize movement of cables CAL More Cal Cal Kit ...

Page 253: ...asurement reference plane is where you connect your DUT Best measurement results occur when these reference planes are aligned so that you calibrate out the effects of the test fixture and its associated cables and hardware Figure 6 3 illustrates that one method of aligning the reference planes is to connect your calibration standards at the same point that you connect your DUT For information on ...

Page 254: ...r test doesn t require the best accuracy possible Your test device is connected directly to the analyzer s output port with no adapters or intervening cables If your test setup meets these conditions you can use the default calibration rather than perform a user defined calibration However without a user defined calibration the analyzer is not guaranteed to meet its published measurement port spec...

Page 255: ...bration requires you to select a calibration kit for each port One port calibrations such as user one port and enhanced response require you to select a calibration kit for only one port Refer to The Calibration Reference Plane on page 6 7 and Calibration Kits on page 6 23 3 Press the key to bring up the calibration choices for the type of measurement you selected in step 1 See Table 6 1 and Figur...

Page 256: ...n Enhanced Response User 2 Port Normalize S12 Rev Trans Default Response Default 2 Port User Response Response Response Isolation Enhanced Response User 2 Port Normalize S22 Refl Port 2 Default 1 Port Default 2 Port User 1 Port User 2 Port Fault Location Option 100 only See your Option 100 User s Guide Supplement SRL Option 100 only See your Option 100 User s Guide Supplement Power Autozero Manual...

Page 257: ...ES User s Guide 6 11 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Figure 6 4 Calibration Choices for S parameter measurements only ...

Page 258: ...libration Note that after you have retrieved a calibration a C appears in the upper right hand corner of the display This C indicates that a user defined cal is in use If you change to a narrower span note that the C changes to C indicating the analyzer is now interpolating between calibrated measurement points The C notation also appears when other system parameters such as power number of points...

Page 259: ...y retrieved if its settings match those of the instrument s preset After instrument preset how to retrieve a previous user defined two port calibration 1 Adjust the instrument settings to be compatible with those of the previous user defined two port calibration 2 Select Other Calibrations When the current user defined calibration is anything except a user two port and the instrument is preset a d...

Page 260: ... Connect your equipment as you would for an actual measurement but omit the DUT 3 Press or 4 Notice that the top of the display on the analyzer now shows the type of measurement followed by M to indicate that the displayed data is actually the measurement divided by memory CAUTION The normalization cal will be invalidated if any frequency settings are changed after calibration There is no correcti...

Page 261: ...A user two port calibration requires you to select a calibration kit for each port An enhanced response calibration requires you to select a calibration kit for only one port Refer to The Calibration Reference Plane on page 6 7 and Calibration Kits on page 6 23 3 Press and then one of the following softkeys Restoring the default calibration recalls error correction arrays that were calculated at t...

Page 262: ...arameters To quickly view each of the four S parameters press and then press the desired S parameter softkeys under the or menu You may need to adjust the scaling to view each of the S parameters NOTE When toggled on the softkey allows you to remove systematic errors caused by crosstalk To select it press A two port calibration always measures the same parameters regardless of the setting of There...

Page 263: ... standards are used to remove systematic errors caused by frequency response and source match They do not correct for load match This method of calibration is the most accurate form of error correction for measuring two port devices since it can account for all of the major sources of systematic error This calibration prompts you to connect a through standard between port 1 and port 2 and then to ...

Page 264: ...o the error model you should only select it if it is really needed Transmission Calibration Interpolation Widening the frequency span after performing any of these calibrations will invalidate them and restore the default calibration You may narrow the span and the analyzer will interpolate between calibration points for the narrower span Note that after you have performed a calibration a C appear...

Page 265: ...on requires you to select a calibration kit for only one port Refer to The Calibration Reference Plane on page 6 7 and Calibration Kits on page 6 23 3 Press and then one of the following softkeys Restoring the default calibration recalls error correction arrays that were calculated at the factory or during servicing and then permanently stored in memory This one port calibration was performed usin...

Page 266: ... cable supplied with the analyzer the measured delay is approximately 3 ns When a two port calibration is selected the analyzer automatically measures all four S parameters To quickly view each of the four S parameters press and then press the desired S parameter softkeys under the or menu You may need to adjust the scaling to view each of the S parameters NOTE When toggled on the softkey allows y...

Page 267: ...d The measurements of these standards are used to remove systematic errors caused by frequency response load match source match and directivity When a two port calibration is selected the analyzer automatically measures all four S parameters To quickly view each of the four S parameters press and then press the desired S parameter softkeys under the or menu You may need to adjust the scaling to vi...

Page 268: ...nts typically utilize only a normalization calibration See To Perform a Normalization Calibration on page 6 14 and Measuring Conversion Loss on page 3 61 When in conversion loss measurement mode the analyzer is using its internal broadband detectors and pressing the key calls up a menu for zeroing the detectors Zeroing the detectors helps compensate for drift due to changes in ambient temperature ...

Page 269: ...tions such as user one port and enhanced response require you to select a calibration kit for only one port Refer to The Calibration Reference Plane on page 6 7 Selecting a Calibration Kit Stored in the Analyzer To select a calibration kit press and use the front panel knob or the up and down keys to highlight the desired port in the display s table Next select the softkey for the connector type o...

Page 270: ... the default cal kit for the analyzer is type N female because the front panel RF ports are female the calibration standards in turn have male connectors Cal Kit Model Number Impedance Connector Type For Use with Male Test Ports For Use with Female Test Ports HP 85039B 75 Ω type F HP 85036B 75 Ω type N HP 85036E 75 Ω type N HP 85032B 50 Ω type N HP 85032E 50 Ω type N HP 85031B 50 Ω APC 7 N A N A H...

Page 271: ...evice that has one or more noninsertable port pairs Refer to your multiport test set s User s and Service Guide for more information NOTE If your port has a connector type TNC for example which is not one of the selections under the Cal Kit menu you may want to select APC 7 as your port since it has nearly ideal characteristics Next modify the calibration kit characteristics so they match those of...

Page 272: ...ific well defined physical device used to determine systematic errors Each standard has a precisely known or predictable magnitude and phase response as a function of frequency The response of each standard is mathematically defined in the error models used by the network analyzer A standard type is one of four basic types that define the form or structure of the model to be used with that standar...

Page 273: ...ent plane For an open short and load the DELAY is entered as the one way travel time from the measurement plane to the standard in seconds For a through the DELAY is entered as the one way travel time between the measurement planes in seconds Delay can be measured or determined from the precise physical length of the standard divided by the velocity factor CAUTION If two ports will be connected wi...

Page 274: ...inable The capacitance model equation is C f C0 C1 f C2 f 2 C3 f 3 where f is the measurement frequency The terms in the equation are defined when specifying the open as follows C0 is used to enter the C0 term which is the constant term of the third order polynomial and is expressed in Farads C1 is used to enter the C1 term expressed in F Hz Farads Hz C2 is used to enter the C2 term expressed in F...

Page 275: ...e appropriate calibration standard select the softkey of the characteristic you want to modify and enter the data using the keypad and softkeys When you re done modifying all of the appropriate calibration standards and characteristics press Use the front panel knob or the keys to highlight the desired User Kit in the display s table and press The display s table will now indicate that your user d...

Page 276: ...ion after the and ignores everything after a You can add comments after a The first line of a cal kit file must contain a with a directly after it No characters are allowed between the and the on the first line of a cal kit file 10 Standard Definitions for HP 85054B Precision Type N Cal Kit 20 30 Definitions for 50 Ohm jack FEMALE center contact test 40 NAME Load this file into the User Cal Kit se...

Page 277: ...libration kit default is User Cal Kit A NOTE Cal kit coefficients are displayed in the cal kit block of the operating parameters screen press press a total of four times Step 3 Verify Performance Once a measurement calibration has been generated with a user defined calibration kit its performance should be checked before making device measurements To check the accuracy that can be obtained with th...

Page 278: ...ght the User Cal Kit you wish to preset Press To preset all of the ten User Cal Kits User Cal Kit A J to type N f calibration kits press Use the up or down arrows or the front panel knob to highlight one of the User Cal Kits Press When this preset is done the size of your saved instrument state becomes slightly smaller since the instrument doesn t save the user defined calibration kit The instrume...

Page 279: ...ration to the analyzer s internal non volatile RAM disk volatile RAM disk or a floppy disk in the built in disk drive 1 Press which will toggle the save cal function to ON 2 Press and select where you want the calibration saved See Saving and Recalling Measurement Results on page 4 55 for information on the three available selections 3 Press to save the calibration 4 The analyzer will save the cal...

Page 280: ...e analyzer s internal non volatile RAM disk volatile RAM disk or a floppy disk in the built in disk drive 1 Press and press the key that corresponds to the location where your desired file exists 2 If necessary change directories to the directory that contains the desired file as described in To Use Directory Utilities on page 4 65 3 Press and turn the front panel knob to move the highlighted bar ...

Page 281: ...ES User s Guide 7 1 7 Front Rear Panel ...

Page 282: ...on on the following can be found in this chapter Connectors on page 7 3 Display on page 7 16 Knob on page 7 18 Power Switch on page 7 19 Display Intensity Control on page 7 20 Disk Drive on page 7 21 Line Module on page 7 22 The front panel keys are not documented in this chapter Refer to Chapter 8 Hardkey Softkey Reference for information on a particular front panel key ...

Page 283: ...ES User s Guide 7 3 Front Rear Panel Connectors Connectors Figure 7 1 Analyzer Connectors Front Panel ...

Page 284: ...ncy dc to approximately 360 Hz low voltage measurements This input is calibrated for inputs up to 10 V but will accept signals up to 15 V See Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input on page 3 67 for more information EXT REF IN This rear panel female BNC connector accepts a 5 dBm 10 MHz signal from an external time base reference The nominal input impedance is 50 Ω ...

Page 285: ... pulses a low TTL level each time a frequency point is measured This is an open collector signal which you can drive low but must not drive high since the analyzer also drives it LIMIT TEST TTL IN OUT This rear panel female BNC connector provides a bi directional open collector TTL high signal The output goes high when the limit test passes The output goes low if the limit test fails This is an op...

Page 286: ...h can be set or read from IBASIC or SCPI HP IB This is an open collector signal which you can drive low but must not drive high since the analyzer also drives it See the Automating Measurements User s Guide Supplement for more information This connector can also be used with an external switch to automate softkey presses See User Defined BEGIN Key Menu and Using Fast Recall with a Switch in the Au...

Page 287: ...nnector allows the analyzer to be connected to other instruments or devices on the interface bus Details of this cable are shown in Figure 7 3 HP part numbers for various HP IB cables that are available are shown in the table following the figure Figure 7 3 HP IB Connector and Cable ...

Page 288: ...ss ranging from 0 to 30 In a two instrument system that uses just one HP IB cable the cable length must not exceed 4 meters 13 2 ft When more than two instruments are connected on the bus the cable length to each instrument must not exceed two meters 6 6 ft The total cable length between all instruments must not exceed 20 meters 66 ft Hewlett Packard manufactures HP IB extender instruments Models ...

Page 289: ...ATN FALSE Interface Clear IFC Initializes the interface to an idle state no activity on the bus Service Request SRQ Alerts the Controller to a need for communication Remote Enable REN Enables devices to respond to Remote Program Control when addressed to listen End Or Identify EOI Indicates last data byte of a multibyte sequence also used with ATN to parallel poll devices for their status bit ...

Page 290: ...ndard IBM PC compatible Centronics interface using a female DB 25 connector as shown in Figure 7 4 All pins are ESD protected data and strobe pins have 2200 pF capacitors voltage levels are TTL compatible output pins can source 15 mA and sink 24 mA See Configure the Hardcopy Port on page 4 71 for information on using this port with a printer or plotter Figure 7 4 Parallel Port Pin outs ...

Page 291: ...ear panel connector used with serial peripherals such as printers and plotters The pin out is shown in Figure 7 5 The connector is a male DB 9 See Configure the Hardcopy Port on page 4 71 for information on using this port with a printer or plotter Figure 7 5 RS 232 Connector Pin out ...

Page 292: ...onnector Table 7 3 VGA Compatible Monitor Characteristics Figure 7 6 VIDEO OUT Connector Pin out 1 The analyzer also provides for sync on green monitors See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 Refer to the following table for the signal description of each pin out Resolution Pixel rate Horizontal rate Vertical rate Video Sync 1 640 480 25 MHz 31 41 kHz 31 84 µs 59 82 Hz analog red green blu...

Page 293: ... more information Signals are IBM PC AT compatible EXT DET Y INPUT EXT DET X INPUT These rear panel connectors power external detectors and accept input from them for processing and display Compatible detectors are HP 86201B HP 86200B Pin Signal Description Pin Signal Description 1 Red Video 9 N C Key 2 Green Video 10 Digital Ground 3 Blue Video 11 GND Display ID 0 4 N C Reserved 12 N C Display ID...

Page 294: ... The probe power output specifications are 15 V supply Iout 200 mA max 12 6 supply Iout 150 mA max Applying loads that result in current levels beyond these specifications can result in improper instrument operation or damage to the analyzer Both outputs are fused with 0 75 Amp fuses which are located on a circuit board on the inside front panel of the analyzer The fuses are plastic bi pin type Th...

Page 295: ...AUTION While 50 Ω and 75 Ω type N connectors are similar in appearance they are not compatible 75 Ω type N connectors have a smaller center pin Connector damage can result if you attach a 50 Ω male connector to a 75 Ω female connector To adapt from 50 Ω to 75 Ω always use a minimum loss pad For adapting from 50 Ω female to 75 Ω female use an HP 11852B Option 004 minimum loss pad For adapting from ...

Page 296: ...6 ES User s Guide Front Rear Panel Display Display The analyzer display shows various measurement information The following illustration shows several locations where information is provided on the screen ...

Page 297: ...formats or the outer circle in polar formats The reference level is selected using the key 8 A C appears here when a user defined calibration is in use If the frequency span has been narrowed the notation becomes C to indicate that interpolated error correction is on A Cx appears when non corrected non simultaneous measurements are being made measuring calibration standards for example 1 9 The mes...

Page 298: ...values and to give an analog feel to the setting of the values Any of the values that can be set through the numeric entry pad or the step keys can also be set using the knob However the rate at which the active parameter varies for a given amount of knob rotation is dependent on the parameter that is being controlled ...

Page 299: ...nly a standby switch and is not a LINE switch disconnecting device Alternatively an externally installed switch or circuit breaker may be used as a disconnecting device TIP When not using the analyzer leave it plugged in and switched to standby When in standby the analyzer supplies power to the non volatile memory thereby increasing the life of the internal non volatile memory battery WARNING Befo...

Page 300: ...7 20 ES User s Guide Front Rear Panel Display Intensity Control Display Intensity Control Figure 7 9 Display Intensity Control The display intensity control adjusts the brightness of the display ...

Page 301: ...BASIC programs In conjunction with IBASIC it allows the analyzer to enter a known state or an automated routine at power on The disk drive recognizes double sided 3 5 disks formatted in DOS and will utilize both high density HD disks 1 44 MB and 720 KB disks The analyzer s firmware and calibration constants can be updated when necessary using the appropriate disk in this drive Refer to the Service...

Page 302: ...r cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination See for the part numbers of these power cables Cables are available in different lengths Check with your nearest Hewlett Packard service center for descriptions and part numbers of cables other than those described in Figure 7 11 WARNING This is a Safety Class I product provided with a protective earthing ground incorporate...

Page 303: ...ES User s Guide 7 23 Front Rear Panel Line Module Figure 7 11 Power Cable and Line Mains Plug Part Numbers ...

Page 304: ...and a spare reside within the line module Figure 7 12 illustrates where the fuses are and how to access them Figure 7 12 Location of Line Fuses WARNING For continued protection against fire hazard replace line fuse only with same type and rating T 5A 250 V The use of other fuses or material is prohibited ...

Page 305: ...oltage selector switch to the proper position either 110 V or 220 V The power source must meet the following requirements Table 7 5 If the ac line voltage does not fall within these ranges an autotransformer that provides third wire continuity to ground may be used Nominal Setting AC Line Power 115 V 230 V 90 to 132 Vac 47 to 63 Hz 198 to 264 Vac 47 to 63 Hz ...

Page 306: ...7 26 ES User s Guide Front Rear Panel Line Module ...

Page 307: ...ES User s Guide 8 1 8 Hardkey Softkey Reference ...

Page 308: ...rence Introduction Introduction This chapter provides a brief description of the analyzer s hardkeys and softkeys This chapter is arranged alphabetically for ease of use NOTE See the Service Guide for a description of service related softkeys ...

Page 309: ...oftkey in the cal kit menu of 50 ohm instruments Selects the type of cal kit as 3 5 mm See Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy for more information Access Keys NOTE By convention cal kits indicate the sex of the port with which they are used For example the default cal kit for the analyzer is type N female because the front panel RF ports are female the calibration standards i...

Page 310: ... type of cal kit as 7 16 This cal kit will work for both male and female connectors See Chapter 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy for more information Access Keys NOTE By convention cal kits indicate the sex of the port with which they are used For example the default cal kit for the analyzer is type N female because the front panel RF ports are female the calibration standards in t...

Page 311: ... devices with large buffers may continue to operate for quite a while after this command To stop such devices immediately turn off power to the hardcopy device Softkey in the modify kit menu Stops the current calibration kit modification procedure and returns to the cal kit menu Access Keys Softkey in the marker menu that turns off the active marker and makes the lowest numbered marker if any the ...

Page 312: ...age 4 28 for detailed information on using limit lines Access Keys Softkey in the users setup menu Displays dialog boxes for entering login user password pairs to the access list of your analyzer See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the add limit menu Displays the menu to add a maximum limit line See Using Limit Testing on page 4 28 for detailed...

Page 313: ...ay the first three letters of the month rather than a number for example Mar for March instead of 03 Access keys Softkey in the menu When alternate sweep is toggled ON the analyzer shows the operation of different instrument states on its two displayed measurement channels The settings of the two measurement channels can differ frequency span detection option type number of points system bandwidth...

Page 314: ...s the type of cal kit as APC 7 See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the delay aperture menu which is available when the analyzer is in Delay format See Measuring Group Delay on page 3 69 for information on aperture Access Keys Softkey in the delay aperture menu See Measuring Group Delay on page 3 69 for information on aperture Access Keys Softkey in the NFS...

Page 315: ... Softkey in the NFS device setup menu Displays the automount setup menu which allows you to add or remove an NFS device on the automount device table See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Scales the data trace vertically to fit within the graticule area of the display Softkey in the BEGIN menu Enables the analyzer to search for an IBASIC...

Page 316: ...nu Enters the averaging factor number in powers of 2 Acceptable values are 1 2 4 8 16 32 and 64 The default averaging factor is 16 the maximum is 64 See To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor on page 5 10 for more information on how averaging works Softkey in the menu Toggle to ON if you want to enable the averaging function Averaging reduces random noise by averaging the measurement data from sweep t...

Page 317: ...r transmission measurement of the ratio of input B broadband transmitted power to input R broadband reference signal See Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer on page 3 3 for more information on ratioed measurement B R Access Keys or Softkey in the narrowband internal menu Selects the tuned receiver measurement of the ratio of input B transmitted power to input R reference signal See Measur...

Page 318: ...any of the four types of devices in the begin menu Recommended for one channel measurements See Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements on page 3 14 for more information Softkey used to define a limit line See Using Limit Testing on page 4 28 for more information Access Keys or Softkey used to define a limit line See Using Limit Testing on page 4 28 for more information Access Keys or Softkey in ...

Page 319: ...measurements made with external broadband detectors X Y X Y Y X Y R Access Keys or Softkey in the detection options menu Displays the menu to select measurements made with internal broadband detectors B R or B R Access Keys or Softkey in the menu Sets up the analyzer to make S11 S21 S12 or S22 measurements of passive devices such as cables BOOTP Setup SYSTEM OPTIONS LAN Broadband External MEAS 1 M...

Page 320: ...Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the open menu Allows you to modify the C3 characteristic of the open calibration standard in your calibration kit See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Option 100 only Softkey in the menu Sets up the analyzer for fault location and SRL measurements See your Option 100 User s Guide Supplement for information ...

Page 321: ...urement Results on page 4 55 for information on saving instrument states and measurement results to files Access Keys Softkey available when editing titles file names directory names and IBASIC programs from the front panel of the analyzer Cancels the editing mode and any changes that were made but not saved Softkey in the menu Sets the center frequency of the internal RF source and changes screen...

Page 322: ... 03 In alpha format the first three letters of the month are displayed for example Mar See and in this chapter for more information on viewing and setting the internal clock Access Keys Softkey in the title and clock menu Suppresses display of clock in the title area Access Keys Softkey in the define printer and define plotter menus Used to define the printer or plotter as a multi color device as ...

Page 323: ...enu Restarts a program that has been paused See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook and Supplement for more information on using IBASIC Access Keys Softkey in the trigger menu In the continuous mode the analyzer is triggered continuously beginning its next sweep at the conclusion of the current sweep Continuous is the default trigger mode Access Keys Softkey in the mixer menu and measurement m...

Page 324: ...red prior to copying Access Keys or Softkey in copy file menu Used to select the analyzer s internal volatile RAM as the destination drive for copying of files Displays the character entry menu to rename file if desired prior to copying Access Keys or Softkey in the system configuration menu Displays the menu to set the external CRT position and timing parameters for best image These settings are ...

Page 325: ...n the color options menu Accesses the menu that allows you to customize the colors on your external monitor or to customize the greyscale on the analyzer s internal display See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Selects CW continuous wave single frequency source operation Current Size SAVE RECALL Select Disk Configure VOL_RAM Custom Colo...

Page 326: ...by itself or with the instrument state and current calibration Access Keys Softkey in the menu Divides current trace data by data in memory For this key to function you must first have selected to store a data trace in memory Softkey in the menu Stores the active data trace in the memory of the active measurement channel Softkey in the clock format menu Formats the real time internal clock to disp...

Page 327: ...r during servicing Corrects for directivity source match and frequency response errors See Chapter 6 for more information on calibrating the analyzer Softkey in the color options menu Sets the external VGA monitor colors to the Default 2 setting See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu and the two port cal menu when in S11 S21 S12 or S22 r...

Page 328: ...nters and Plotters on page 4 68 for more information Softkey in the set pen numbers menu Resets the plotter pen number assignments to their default values See Define the Printer or Plotter Settings on page 4 73 for default values Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the menu to define the plotter in terms of color pen numbers and autofeed See Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters on...

Page 329: ...eristic of the open short load or through calibration standards in your calibration kit See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys or or or Softkey in the menu Sets the aperture in Hz or for group delay measurements Softkey in the file utilities menu Deletes all files in the current directory Before the files are deleted you will be asked to confirm this selection Also dele...

Page 330: ...28 for more information on limit lines Access Keys Softkey in the edit menu of IBASIC Allows deletion of one line of code at a time Access Keys Softkey in the users setup menu Displays dialog boxes for deleting login user password pairs from the access list of your analyzer See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the marker functions menu Toggle to...

Page 331: ...formation Access Keys Softkey in the menu Selects one of the displayed frequency resolutions MHz kHz or Hz For example a frequency of 1 234 567 Hz can be displayed as 1 MHz note rounding down 1 235 MHz note rounding up or 1 234 567 MHz Default is kHz Hardkey in the CONFIGURE area of the front panel Displays the menu with selections concerning type of data to be displayed split or full screen title...

Page 332: ...nu When selected shifts spurs which may be visible in low level measurements See Reducing Trace Noise on page 5 12 ifor more information CAUTION The measurement calibration must be performed with the same spur avoid option used in the measurement or your results may be invalid Access Keys Softkey in the select copy port menu A hardware handshake for some serial devices Toggles with Access Keys Dis...

Page 333: ...he menu Adjusts the electrical delay to balance the phase of the DUT It simulates a variable length lossless transmission line which can be added to or removed from a receiver input to compensate for interconnecting cables etc This function is similar to the mechanical or analog line stretchers of other network analyzers Delay is annotated in units of time with secondary labeling in distance for t...

Page 334: ...current analyzer parameters are compatible with those used during the previous calibration Corrects for frequency response and source match errors See Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration on page 3 41 for more information Access Keys Softkey inthe title and clock menu Displays the menu to edit the screen title on line 1 of the display Maximum number of characte...

Page 335: ...nalyzer to use the external 10 MHz signal as the frequency standard When the Ext Ref feature is toggled ON and a signal is not present at the EXT REF IN connector the network analyzer will not sweep Default is OFF NOTE The external reference should be disconnected from the EXT REF IN or power reduced when not in use Softkey in the trigger source menu Enables the analyzer to sweep to the next frequ...

Page 336: ...py Disk or Internal Memory on page 4 60 for more information Option 100 only Softkey in the cable or measurement menus Sets up the analyzer to perform fault location measurements See your Option 100 User s Guide Supplement for information Access Keys or or Option 100 only Softkey in the menu Used when making fault location measurements See your Option 100 User s Guide Supplement for information Op...

Page 337: ... Binary format is specific to this family of analyzers HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES A program saved in binary format is not readable by an IBASIC computer or other instruments running IBASIC Binary format however is required if you are going to use the LOADSUB keyword See the Instrument BASIC User s Handbook Supplement for more information on saving programs Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the...

Page 338: ...mation on each of these choices see its entry in this chapter Softkey in the format disk menu Formats a disk in the analyzer s built in disk drive in DOS format See Formatting a Floppy Disk on page 4 67 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the file utilities menu Displays the format disk menu to select either the internal non volatile memory internal volatile memory or 3 5 floppy disk in th...

Page 339: ...tomizing the Display on page 4 45 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the add max point and add min point menus Sets the frequency of a limit point See To Create a Single Point Limit on page 4 32 for an example of how to set a limit point Access Keys or Softkey in the menu This key is used to return the analyzer to frequency sweep mode after it has been used in power sweep mode Softkey in ...

Page 340: ...key in the FTP setup menu Displays a dialog box for entering the user name of your remote BOOTP host See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the IBASIC display menu Displays the IBASIC program on the full screen without measurement data Access Keys FTP Password SYSTEM OPTIONS LAN BOOTP Setup FTP FTP User Name SYSTEM OPTIONS LAN BOOTP Setup FTP Full...

Page 341: ...nes the hardcopy as the graph See To Define the Output on page 4 79 ifor more information Access Keys Softkey in the set pen numbers menu Sets pen number assignment color for the annotation on a hardcopy Access Keys Softkey available in two different menus the more display menu and the define graph menu This softkey toggles the display graticule grid on and off When pressed in the more display men...

Page 342: ...Select grey scale when using a monochrome external monitor Access Keys Softkey in the authentication menu Allows you to enter a Group ID for your NFS remote file system The default Group ID value is 100 See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Graticule Pen HARDCOPY Define Plotter Set Pen Numbers Grey Scale DISPLAY More Display Color Options Group ID SYSTEM OP...

Page 343: ...ard copy device Access Keys Softkey in the operating parameters menu Dumps the currently viewed operating parameter screen to the currently selected hard copy device Access Keys Softkey in the update correction constants menu Displays the help message that describes the actions of the other softkeys in the update correction constants menu Access Keys Softkey in the trigger menu Stops the current d...

Page 344: ...ositioning of the display on both the internal CRT and an external monitor Accepts whole number values from 1 to 100 with 1 representing as far left as possible and with 100 representing as far right as possible The default value set at the factory and obtained by pressing Restore Defaults is 73 This setting is not affected by an instrument preset See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for...

Page 345: ...signed to your analyzer See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the HP IB menu Sets actual HP IB address of the network analyzer Default HP IB address is 16 This setting is not affected by or power on Access Keys Softkey in the LAN port setup menu Allows you to enter the IP address that your network administrator assigned to your analyzer See The L...

Page 346: ...s the same as the interface select code ISC The default logical unit number is 7 See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Softkey in the SICL LAN setup menu Allows you to enter the name for a client device that communicates with the analyzer using SICL LAN The default HP IB name is hpib See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Softkey in the cust...

Page 347: ...y Softkey Reference H Softkey in the display frequency resolution menu and the numeric entry menu When pressed in the display frequency resolution menu displays frequency to Hz resolution Access Keys Hz FREQ Disp Freq Resolution ...

Page 348: ...maginary reactive portion of the measured data on a Cartesian format This format is similar to the real format except that reactance data is displayed on the trace instead of impedance data Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays impedance magnitude vs frequency on a Cartesian format See Measuring Impedance Magnitude on page 3 80 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the IBASIC edit menu In...

Page 349: ...ion Access Keys Softkey in the service menu Displays the analyzer s firmware revision and date bootROM version serial number options system impedance and amount of memory Access Keys Softkey in the custom colors menu This key only affects the analyzer s internal display This key changes the brightness of the selected display item Values accepted are 0 to 100 with 0 resulting in black not visible a...

Page 350: ...hat you are trying to verify connectivity to See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the two port cal menu Toggle to ON if you want to remove systematic errors caused by crosstalk Crosstalk can be a problem with high isolation devices and high dynamic range devices Since this isolation calibration adds noise to the error model you should only selec...

Page 351: ...ing an IBASIC program should be off See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the display frequency resolution menu and the numeric entry menu When pressed in the display frequency resolution menu displays the frequency selected in kHz resolution For example 1 234 567 MHz Hz resolution is displayed as 1 235 MHz note rounding up in kHz resolu...

Page 352: ...isable the LAN feature ON is the default setting but when toggled OFF more memory is available to IBASIC and the volatile RAM disk Refer to The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for information Access Keys Softkey in the define printer menu Sets the printer to print hardcopy so that the paper is oriented with the longer edge at the top and the shorter edges at the sides Toggles with Access Key...

Page 353: ...key in the limit options menu Allows for customizing the position of the pass fail indicator and text on the analyzer s display See Customizing the Display on page 4 45 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the limit options menu Allows for customizing the position of the pass fail indicator and text on the analyzer s display See Customizing the Display on page 4 45 for more information Acce...

Page 354: ...rmation is also routed to the LIMIT TEST TTL IN OUT connector on the rear panel of the analyzer The limits need not be visible toggled to ON for the limit test to be valid See Using Limit Testing on page 4 28 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the limit options menu Allows you to enable or disable the PASS or FAIL text when limit testing is on Does not enable or disable the fail icon The ...

Page 355: ...uming See Printing and Plotting Measurement Results on page 4 78 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the modify kit menu Allows you to modify the following characteristics of the load calibration standard in your calibration kit delay loss and Z0 See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the update correction constants menu Loads a temporary copy of CC d...

Page 356: ...er password pair on the access list of your analyzer See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the logarithmic magnitude of the data in dB This is the default format Softkey in the open short load and through menus Allows you to modify the loss characteristic of the open short load or through calibration standards in your calibratio...

Page 357: ...andbook Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the custom colors menu Use this key to customize the colors of display items on your external monitor Luminance specifies the brightness of the selected color Use the Hue key to select the color Luminance values are expressed as a percentage 0 to 100 with 0 resulting in black and 100 resulting in the brightest color available See Using...

Page 358: ...d max line add min line add max point and add min point menus Adds a marker to the data trace and allows it to be moved to identify trace frequencies and amplitudes Access Keys or or or Hardkey in the CONFIGURE area Displays the menu to set markers use marker search and delta markers See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more information Softkey in the marker functions menu Changes the center frequenc...

Page 359: ...Keys Softkey in the marker functions menu Makes the reference level of the graticule equal to the marker value does not change the reference position If markers are off it first turns on marker 1 at its previous setting or the center frequency default Access Keys Softkey in the menu Invokes the menu to select delta marker mode marker to center marker to reference marker to electrical delay and mar...

Page 360: ...t mode is the S11 measurement Hardkey in the MEAS area Turns on measurement channel 2 as the active channel Default is measurement channel off selecting it changes setting to the most recent type of measurement made on this channel or if not previously used to the S11 measurement Softkey in the annotation options menu Allows you to toggle the measurement channel annotation at the top of the displa...

Page 361: ...he trace memory of the active measurement channel using the current display format scale and reference NOTE Trace data must have been saved in memory previously with Softkey in the set pen numbers menu Sets the pen number assignment color for memory trace 1 on the hardcopy Access Keys Softkey in the set pen numbers menu Sets the pen number assignment color for memory trace 2 on the hardcopy Access...

Page 362: ...inimum amplitude If tracking is off the marker remains at that frequency If tracking is on the marker moves to the minimum point with each sweep See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the menu with selections suitable for mixer and frequency converter measurements conversion loss and S11 See Measuring Conversion Loss on page 3 61 for an example ...

Page 363: ...define graph menu When on default setting prints or plots contain marker symbols NOTE or must be selected for marker symbols to print or plot Access Keys Softkey in the define hardcopy menu Defines the hardcopy output as a table of marker values frequency and amplitude Access Keys Softkey in the max search menu Places the active marker at the frequency point of maximum amplitude If tracking is off...

Page 364: ...ormation Access Keys Softkey in the configure VOL_RAM disk menu Allows you to modify the memory allocation on the internal non volatile RAM disk Access Keys Softkey in the modify kit menu Accesses a menu with softkey choices to save recall preset and describe user defined calibration kits See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the define printer and define pl...

Page 365: ...rs on consecutive minimum points See To Use Marker Search Functions on page 4 7 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the marker search more menu Designed for use when measuring multi pole filters Automatically searches the measurement trace from left to right and positions up to 8 markers on consecutive maximum points See To Use Marker Search Functions on page 4 7 for more information Acces...

Page 366: ...ting table at the moment that it is enabled like a snapshot See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the min search menu Moves the active marker to the next nearest minimum point to the left See To Use Marker Search Functions on page 4 7 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the min search menu Moves the active marker to the next nearest minim...

Page 367: ...ore information Access Keys Softkey in the max search menu Moves the active marker to the next nearest peak to the left See To Use Marker Search Functions on page 4 7 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the max search menu Moves the active marker to the next nearest peak to the right See To Use Marker Search Functions on page 4 7 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the select disk ...

Page 368: ...he marker search menu Automatically calculates 6 dB default or other user specified bandwidth center frequency and Q of a notch filter See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the source Allows selection of the number of measurement points in a sweep 3 5 11 21 51 101 201 default 401 801 or 1601 As the number of points increases frequency resolution increases and sw...

Page 369: ...ot designated the analyzer will broadcast a BOOTP request at boot time and will accept a response from any BOOTP server If you don t want to designate an optional boot host enter a null or empty string by selecting See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the BOOTP setup menu Allows you to set the file path to the only boot file you want to receive ...

Page 370: ...path Softkey in the diagnostic utilities menu Allows you access the ping utility to determine the status of the connections between devices and a network See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the secure menu Use with caution secured program lines can t be listed seen or edited See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook Supplement for more inform...

Page 371: ... to an extended measurement reference plane on port 1 See Port Extensions on page 5 18 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the port extensions menu Allows compensation for phase shift due to an extended measurement reference plane on port 2 See Port Extensions on page 5 18 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the port extensions menu Toggle to ON if you want to compensate for phase ...

Page 372: ...f level Use this function with frequency CW mode only The span of the swept power is limited to being equal to or within one of the seven pre defined power ranges Hardkey in the SYSTEM area Displays softkeys that allow you to choose between a factory preset state or a user defined preset state See Chapter 11 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation for a complete list of factory preset state def...

Page 373: ...formation Access Keys Softkey in the more printer menu Sets print width printing space in mm See Connecting and Configuring Printers and Plotters on page 4 68 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the select copy port menu Sets the recognized address of HP IB printers and plotters only The default address is 5 The recognized HP IB address is the address that the network analyzer uses to comm...

Page 374: ...m See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook Supplement for more information Softkey in the menu Allows you to set a power level other than the factory default of 0 dBm that the analyzer will always return to when the key is pressed Be sure to terminate your entry with one of the softkeys or the key Softkey in the menu Leads to the power sweep ranges menu There are seven predetermined power range...

Page 375: ...ve it to memory or disk See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the character entry menu to re title the file and save it to internal RAM or 3 5 disk Also can be used when saving a file for the first time if you wish to give the file a specific name rather than having the analyzer automatically name it Softkey in the more...

Page 376: ...Sets the position of the reference line from the top of the graticule 10 to the bottom 0 or in between Default position is middle 5 See Figure 2 3 on page 2 7 Softkey in the menu Allows you to track either a certain frequency or the peak point of the measurement trace by scaling the trace such that the point of interest always falls on the display reference line See Using Reference Tracking on pag...

Page 377: ... device table Access Keys or See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Softkey in the automount setup menu and the mount NFS device menu Displays a dialog box for entering the remote host file system name for an NFS device Access Keys or See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Remote IP Addr Host SYSTEM OPTIONS LAN NFS Device Setup Automount Setu...

Page 378: ...ows you to delete empty directories only Highlight the intended directory then press this softkey See To Use Directory Utilities on page 4 65 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the CRT adjust menu A test pattern is displayed whenever the key is pressed Use this key to remove the test pattern from the display Access Keys Softkey in the file utilities menu Displays the character entry menu ...

Page 379: ...12 transmission measurement mode Select this key to perform a user defined response isolation calibration Restores a previous response isolation calibration if current analyzer parameters are compatible with those used during the previous calibration Corrects for frequency response and isolation errors Isolation errors result from leakage between signal paths crosstalk See Chapter 6 for more infor...

Page 380: ...HP IB name respectively to predetermined values See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Softkey in the marker math menu Measures both the passband and stopband of a filter in one sweep See To Use Marker Math Functions on page 4 18 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Turns the internal RF source off and on Default is on Softkey in the set clock menu Round...

Page 381: ... measured at the analyzer s port 2 See Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration on page 3 41 for more information Access Keys or Also or or Softkey in the amplifier broadband passive and measurement menus Selects the S12 reverse transmission type of measurement Power is output from the analyzer s port 2 and measured at the analyzer s port 1 See Measuring S21 Forwar...

Page 382: ...xternal VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the define save menu Selects which measurement channel s 1 or 2 trace data is to be saved in ASCII format for output Also allows you to choose whether to save in Lotus 123 or Touchstone format for spreadsheet use See Saving and Recalling Measurement Results on page 4 55 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the prog...

Page 383: ...n the SYSTEM area of the front panel Displays menus to save title define and recall states and programs rename delete and copy files select configure and format disks See Saving and Recalling Measurement Results on page 4 55 for examples Softkey in the menu Saves information to internal RAM or 3 5 disk automatically naming the file STATE See Saving and Recalling Measurement Results on page 4 55 fo...

Page 384: ... for an example of how to use the target search function Access Keys Softkey in marker search more menu Disables marker search See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more information on using marker search functions Access Keys Softkey in the target search menu During a target search moves the active marker to the right higher frequency to the first occurrence on the data trace where the amplitude equa...

Page 385: ...IC program Access Keys or Softkey in the menu Displays the menu to select the hardcopy output device and its operating parameters Default settings not affected by preset are HP printer PCL language parallel port Use the front panel knob or arrow keys to highlight the device then press Select NOTE Baud Rate Xon Xoff and DTR DSR apply only to serial devices See Connecting and Configuring Printers an...

Page 386: ... of service functions See the Service Guide for details Access Keys Softkey in the system configure menu Displays the menu to set the real time internal clock of the network analyzer and its format Access Keys Softkey in the set clock menu Sets the day of the month Access Keys Softkey in the set clock menu Sets the hour value on the clock Access Keys Softkey in the set clock menu Sets the minute v...

Page 387: ...ccess Keys Softkey in the reference tracking menu Allows you to identify a particular frequency as a point of interest After the frequency point is set and frequency tracking is turned on by pressing the analyzer will always place the frequency point of interest on the display reference line See Using Reference Tracking on page 4 42 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the set clock menu Se...

Page 388: ...t that maps the complex reflection coefficient rho to the DUT s impedance See Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart on page 3 73 for more information Sets the characteristic impedance used by the analyzer in calculating measured impedance with Smith chart markers and conversion parameters Characteristic impedance must be set correctly before calibrating for a Smith chart measurement Acceptable...

Page 389: ...ey in the more display menu Toggles the display mode between split measurement channel 1 on top measurement channel 2 on the bottom and full both measurement channels on full screen See Entering Measurement Parameters on page 2 4 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the spur avoid options menu If this option is selected the analyzer switches between the default and an alternate configuratio...

Page 390: ...ntering Measurement Parameters on page 2 4 for more information 2 In menu starts print or plot as set in the select copy port menu See Printing and Plotting Measurement Results on page 4 78 for more information Softkey in the secure menu that is used with the IBASIC feature of the instrument See the HP Instrument BASIC User s Handbook for information on the secure function Access Keys Softkey in t...

Page 391: ...ncy shift problems when measuring devices with long electrical delay The disadvantage of a stepped sweep is the slower sweep speed Softkey in the menu Sets the stop frequency of the source Maximum frequency is 1 3 GHz for the HP 8712ES and 3 0 GHz for the HP 8714ES Softkey in the menu Sets stopping point in dBm for a power sweep measurement in menu must be selected before setting the start and sto...

Page 392: ...p time fastest possible manual sweep alternate sweep or power sweep Softkey in the user TTL config menu Sets the USER TTL IN OUT port on the rear panel to be pulled to a high TTL level during a sweep See Analyzer Connectors Rear Panel BNC Connectors on page 7 4 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the menu Sets the sweep time from fastest possible to three days 259 2 ks overrides auto sweep...

Page 393: ... to OFF Access Keys Softkey in the menu Displays the menu to set the bandwidth of the IF filters in the receiver section of the network analyzer See To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor on page 5 10 and the following table for more information on system bandwidth Switching Test Set SYSTEM OPTIONS System Config SWR FORMAT Sync Green on OFF SYSTEM OPTIONS System Config CRT Adjust System Bandwidth AVG ...

Page 394: ...B peripherals printers plotters and disk drives Also required by IBASIC to talk to HP IB peripherals This operation mode is not selectable with another active controller on the bus See the Programmer s Guide for more information Access Keys Hardkey in the SYSTEM area of front panel Softkey in the cal kit menu Provides access to the system impedance menu Refer to When to Change the System Impedance...

Page 395: ...ult value is 3 dB NOTE Since markers are continuous but frequency points are discrete target values may be interpolated See Using Markers on page 4 3 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the service menu Displays the menu to perform tests including self tests and adjustments See the Service Guide for information on tests and adjustments Access Keys Softkey in the BOOTP setup menu Selects TF...

Page 396: ...y and date time on the display and or on a hardcopy output Access Keys or Softkey in the more display menu Displays the menu to display and edit the screen title and display clock Access Keys Softkey in the more printer menu Sets the top margin of the printout non printing space in mm Minimum setting is 0 00 mm default maximum setting is 200 00 mm Access Keys Softkey in the save ASCII menu Also kn...

Page 397: ...lots measurement trace data when or is selected Access Keys Softkey in the reference tracking menu Displays the measurement trace which is rescaled with each sweep so that the selected frequency set with the key is placed on the reference line See Using Reference Tracking on page 4 42 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the reference tracking menu Displays the measurement trace which is re...

Page 398: ...Port Extensions on page 5 18 for more information Access Keys Option 100 only Softkey in the cable menu Selects the S21 forward transmission type of measurement See Using the BEGIN Key to Configure Measurements on page 3 16 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the source Displays the menu with choices for triggering the analyzer The analyzer can be triggered continuously default setting or ...

Page 399: ...r example the default cal kit for the analyzer is type N female because the front panel RF ports are female the calibration standards in turn have male connectors Softkey in the cal kit menu Selects the type of cal kit as type N f Also known as the default cal kit See the Note in the description above See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the cal kit menu Se...

Page 400: ...Displays the IBASIC program on the upper half of the screen and measurement data on the lower half Access Keys Softkey in the menu when in S11 or S22 reflection measurement mode Displays the one port reflection cal menu which shows more calibration choices or Press to perform a user defined one port calibration Restores a previous user one port calibration if current analyzer parameters are compat...

Page 401: ...n the cal kit table viewable with and See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the authentication menu Allows you to enter a User ID for your NFS remote file system The default User ID value is 2001 See The LAN Interface User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Softkey in the add login user menu and delete login user menu Displays a dialog box f...

Page 402: ...splays the response calibration menu which shows more calibration choices or See Chapter 6 for more information on calibrating the analyzer Softkey in the system config menu Allows you to choose how the USER TTL IN OUT rear panel connector will be utilized See Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall in the Automating Measurements User s Guide Supplement for more information Access Keys Soft...

Page 403: ... setting is 31 84 µsec This setting is not affected by an instrument preset See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for more information Access Keys Softkey in the more CRT adjust menu This is the CRT timing adjustment for use with external monitors Also affects the network analyzer s internal CRT Default setting is 16 68416 msec This setting is not affected by an instrument preset See Usin...

Page 404: ... affected by an instrument preset See Using an External VGA Monitor on page 4 87 for more information on using an external display Access Keys Softkey in the select disk menu Selects the analyzer s internal volatile RAM as the place where information will be saved to or recalled from CAUTION Any information stored on the volatile RAM disk will be lost if the analyzer s power is turned off See Savi...

Page 405: ...oftkey in the system bandwidth menu This is the widest system bandwidth available Medium wide bandwidth is the system default See Chapter 5 for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements Access Keys Wide 6500 Hz AVG System Bandwidth ...

Page 406: ...l Access Keys or Softkey in the broadband external menu Selects the measurement of the ratio of external detectors at inputs X and Y Access Keys or Softkey in the select copy port menu A software handshake for some serial devices Toggles with DTR DSR Access Keys X MEAS 1 MEAS 2 More Detection Options Broadband External X Y MEAS 1 MEAS 2 More Detection Options Broadband External Xon Xoff HARDCOPY S...

Page 407: ...ticule value exceeds four characters all values are blanked For example 23 45 blanks the values it is not truncated as 23 4 or rounded up as 23 5 Similarly 1 23 blanks the graticule values Access Keys Softkey in the more display menu Toggles the graticule value annotation and values in ABS mode default setting the absolute value of each horizontal graticule line is indicated in REL mode the value ...

Page 408: ...Selects measurement of the ratio of the external detectors at inputs Y and X Access Keys or Softkey in the clock format menu Formats the real time internal clock to display time as Year Month Day Hour Minute YYYY MM DD HH MM Access Keys Y R MEAS 1 MEAS 2 More Detection Options Broadband External Y X MEAS 1 MEAS 2 More Detection Options Broadband External YYYY MM DD HH MM SYSTEM OPTIONS System Conf...

Page 409: ... and through menus Allows you to modify the Z0 characteristic of the open short load or through calibration standards in your calibration kit See Calibration Kits on page 6 23 for more information Access Keys or or or Z0 CAL More Cal Cal Kit Modify connector type Open Short Load Thru ...

Page 410: ...8 104 ES User s Guide Hardkey Softkey Reference Z ...

Page 411: ...ES User s Guide 9 1 9 Specifications ...

Page 412: ...cludes the same guardbands as a specification Typical typ Expected performance of an average unit which does not include guardbands It is not covered by the product warranty Nominal nom A general descriptive term that does not imply a level of performance It is not covered by the product warranty Calibration The process of measuring known standards from a calibration kit to characterize the system...

Page 413: ... calibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85031B 7 mm 50 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 55 51 Source Match 51 49 Load Match 55 51 Reflection Tracking 0 012 0 005 Transmission Tracking 0 033 0...

Page 414: ...bration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 50 47 Source Match 42 36 Load Match 50 47 Reflection Tracking 0 02 0 02 Transmission Tracking 0 04 0 055...

Page 415: ...ibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85033D 3 5 mm 50 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 46 43 Source Match 44 41 Load Match 46 43 Reflection Tracking 0 016 0 008 Transmission Tracking 0 04 0 05...

Page 416: ...libration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85038A 7 16 50 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 40 40 Source Match 37 37 Load Match 40 40 Reflection Tracking 0 1 0 09 Transmission Tracking 0 054 0 063 T...

Page 417: ...n temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 75 Ω HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 48 43 Source Match 41 35 Load Match 48 43 Reflection Tracking 0 021 0 02 Transmission Tracking 0 042 0 062 Tra...

Page 418: ...it and a DUT with a center pin conforming to the 0 77 to 0 86 mm limits c For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 75 Ω HP 85039B Type F 75 Ω Cal Kit User 2 Port Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 0 GHz 1 0 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 40 40 Source Match 30 30 Load Match 40 40 Reflection T...

Page 419: ... C deviation from the calibration tempera ture HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 50 47 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 42 36 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 42 36 Transmission Response Cal 18 15 Load Match 18 15 Reflection Tracking 0 02 0 02 Transmission Tracking Enhanced Re...

Page 420: ...h less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 50 Ω HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification a b Transmission Uncertainty Response Calibration Specification a b Reflection Uncert...

Page 421: ... 25 5 C with less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationb in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 50 47 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 42 36 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 42 36 Transmission Response Cal 21 15 Load Match 18 15 Reflection T...

Page 422: ... ture of 25 5 C with less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature c For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification b c Transmission Uncertainty Response ...

Page 423: ...iation from the calibration tempera ture HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω without Attenuator HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 50 47 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 42 36 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 42 36 Transmission Response Cal 23 19 Load Match 18 15 Reflection Tracking 0 02 0 02 Transmission Trackin...

Page 424: ...n 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω without Attenuator HP 85032B E Type N 50 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification a b Transmission Uncertainty Response Calibration Specification a b Reflecti...

Page 425: ... C deviation from the calibration temperature HP 8712ES 8714ES 75 Ω HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 48 43 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 41 35 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 41 35 Transmission Response Cal 18 15 Load Match 18 15 Reflection Tracking 0 021 0 02 Transmission Tracking Enhanced Re...

Page 426: ...h less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ES 8714ES 75 Ω HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification a b Transmission Uncertainty Response Calibration Specification a b Reflection Uncert...

Page 427: ...25 5 C with less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature HP 8712ET 8714ET 75 Ω with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationb in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 48 43 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 41 35 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 41 35 Transmission Response Cal 21 15 Load Match 18 15 Reflection Tr...

Page 428: ...ature of 25 5 C with less than 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature c For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ET 8714ET 75 Ω with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification b c Transmission Uncertainty Response ...

Page 429: ...eviation from the calibration temperature HP 8712ET 8714ET 75 Ω without Attenuator HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Description Specificationa in dB 300 kHz to 1 3 GHz 1 3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 48 43 Source Match Reflection One Port Cal 41 35 Transmission Enhanced Response Cal 41 35 Transmission Response Cal 23 19 Load Match 18 15 Reflection Tracking 0 021 0 02 Transmission Track...

Page 430: ...n 1 C deviation from the calibration temperature b For transmission measurements the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S12 S21 for S21 1 0 S12 1 S21 for S21 1 0 HP 8712ET 8714ET 75 Ω without Attenuator HP 85036B E Type N 75 Ω Cal Kit T R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty Enhanced Response Calibration Specification a b Transmission Uncertainty Response Calibration Specification a b Reflecti...

Page 431: ... f Measured by setting output power to the maximum specified setting connecting shorts to both ports and measuring transmission Typical and specified crosstalk values are 5 dB worse than those shown in the table below 1 MHz for all models and above 2 2 GHz for 8714ET ES models HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES 50 Ω Description HP 8712ES 8714ES HP 8712ET 8714ET with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 8712ET 871...

Page 432: ... f Measured by setting output power to the maximum specified setting connecting shorts to both ports and measuring transmission Typical and specified crosstalk values are 5 dB worse than those shown in the table below 1 MHz for all models and above 2 2 GHz for 8714ET ES models HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES 75 Ω Description HP 8712ES 8714ES HP 8712ET 8714ET with Attenuator Option 1E1a HP 8712ET 871...

Page 433: ... C 1Hz at 10 change in line voltage typ Signal Purity Harmonics HP 8712ET ES 20 dBc at 1 MHz 30 dBc at 1 MHz HP 8714ET ES 30 dBc Nonharmonic Spurious HP 8712ET ES 50 kHz from carrier 25 dBc char HP 8712ET ES 50 kHz from carrier 20 dBc at 1MHz char 30 dBc at 1MHz char HP 8714ET ES 50 kHz from carrier 25 dBc char HP 8714ET ES 50 kHz from carrier 30 dBc char Phase Noise at 10 kHz offset HP 8712ET ES ...

Page 434: ... 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 2 0 dB Without Attenuator Option 1E1 1 0 dB 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 3 0 dB Without Attenuator Option 1E1 1 5 dB HP 8712ES 50 Ω 2 0 dB 75 Ω 3 0 dB HP 8714ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 2 0 dB Without Attenuator Option 1E1 1 0 dB 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 3 0 dB at 2 GHz 3 0 dB at 2 GHz char Without Attenuator Option 1E1 1 5 dB at 2 GHz 1 5 dB a...

Page 435: ...Minimum Power Setting HP 8712ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 60 dBm nom Without Attenuator Option 1E1 0 dBm nom 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 60 dBm nom Without Attenuator Option 1E1 3 dBm nom HP 8712ES 50 Ω 60 dBm nom 75 Ω 60 dBm nom HP 8714ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 60 dBm nom Without Attenuator Option 1E1 5 dBm nom 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 60 dBm nom Without Attenuator O...

Page 436: ...Hz 1 GHz Maximum Power Setting a HP 8712ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1b 15 dBm 12 dBm Without Attenuator Option 1E1 16 dBm 13 dBm 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1b 12 dBm 9 dBm Without Attenuator Option 1E1 13 dBm 10 dBm HP 8712ES 50 Ω 13 dBm 10 dBm 75 Ω 10 dBm 7 dBm HP 8714ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1b 10 dBm 9 dBm Without Attenuator Option 1E1 11 dBm 10 dBm 75 Ω With Attenuator Option 1...

Page 437: ...tor Option 1E1a 4 to Pmaxb 14 to 1 24 to 11 34 to 21 44 to 31 54 to 41 60 to 51 Without Attenuator Option 1E1 3 to Pmaxb HP 8712ES 50 Ω 3 to Pmaxb 13 to 0 23 to 10 33 to 20 43 to 30 53 to 40 60 to 50 75 Ω 6 to Pmaxb 16 to 3 26 to 13 36 to 23 46 to 33 56 to 43 60 to 53 HP 8714ET 50 Ω With Attenuator Option 1E1a 6 to Pmaxb 16 to 1 26 to 11 36 to 21 46 to 31 56 to 41 60 to 51 Without Attenuator Optio...

Page 438: ...nformation Output Power continued Power Resolution 0 01 dB Attenuator Switch Points HP 8712ET 50 Ω 1 11 21 31 41 51 dBm nom 75 Ω 4 14 24 34 44 54 dBm nom HP 8712ES 50 Ω 3 13 23 33 43 53 dBm nom 75 Ω 6 16 26 36 46 56 dBm nom HP 8714ET 50 Ω 6 16 26 36 46 56 dBm nom 75 Ω 9 19 29 39 49 59 dBm nom HP 8714ES 50 Ω 8 18 28 38 48 58 dBm nom 75 Ω 11 21 31 41 51 dBm nom ...

Page 439: ...GHz HP 8714ET ES Narrowband 300 kHz to 3 0 GHz Broadband 10 MHz to 3 0 GHz Maximum Input Level HP 8712ET 8714ET 10 dBm at 0 5 dB compression HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES Narrowband Frequency 1 MHz 10 dBm at 0 3 dB compression Narrowband Frequency 1 MHz 10 dBm at 0 5 dB compression Broadband 16 dBm at 0 55 dB compression Damage Level HP 8712ET 8714ET 20 dBm 30 VDC HP 8712ES 8714ES 26 dBm 30 VDC Broadban...

Page 440: ...en performed using an average factor of 16 For the HP 8712ES 8714ES external broadband detectors will provide a lower noise floor than the internal broadband detectors HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Description Spec in dBm Typical in dBm System Bandwidths Fine 15 Hz Fine 15 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz Noise Floora HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω Narrowband 105 111 86 48 Broadband Interna...

Page 441: ...aracteristic For the HP 8712ES 8714ES external broadband detectors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detec tors b Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET 8714ET HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Description Spec in dB Typical in dB System Bandwidths Fine 15 Hz Fine 15 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz System Dynamic Rangea HP 8712ET 50 Ω With A...

Page 442: ...eristic For the HP 8712ES 8714ES external broadband detec tors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors b Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET 8714ET HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Description Spec in dB Typical in dB System Bandwidths Fine 15 Hz Fine 15 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz System Dynamic Range a continued HP 8714ET 50 Ω ...

Page 443: ... ET ES 75 Ω analyzers is not a specification for frequencies 2 GHz it is a characteristic For the HP 8712ES 8714ES external broadband detectors will pro vide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Description Spec in dB Typical in dB System Bandwidths Fine 15 Hz Fine 15 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz System Dynamic Rangea continued ...

Page 444: ...ncies 2 GHz it is a characteristic For the HP 8712ES 8714ES external broadband detectors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Description Spec in dB Typical in dB System Bandwidths Fine 15 Hz Fine 15 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz Receiver Dynamic Rangea HP 8712ET 8714ET 50 Ω Narrowband 115 121 96 58 Broadband Interna...

Page 445: ...rt Input Description Spec Typical System Bandwidths Narrow 250 Hz Narrow 250 Hz Med Wide 4000 Hz Wide 6500 Hz Trace Noisea HP 8712ET 8712ES Narrowband Magnitude 0 01 dB rms 0 03 dB pp 0 12 dB pp 0 28 dB pp Phase 0 2 Deg pp 2 5 Deg pp 3 4 Deg pp Broadband Magnitude 0 01 dB rms 0 01 dB pp 0 02 dB pp 0 15 dB pp HP 8714ET 8714ES Narrowband Magnitude 0 01 dB rms 0 02 dB pp 0 06 dB pp 0 23 dB pp Phase 0...

Page 446: ...ns Table 9 8 Test Port Input continued a Narrowband detection mode b The reference power for dynamic accuracy is 20 dBm HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Dynamic Accuracy Specification a b HP 8712ET 8714ET HP 8712ES 8714ES ...

Page 447: ...cifications Table 9 8 Test Port Input continued a At 30 MHz broadband mode internal detectors HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Power Accuracy Characteristic HP 8712ET 8714ETa Magnitude HP 8712ES 8714ESa Magnitude ...

Page 448: ...Input continued a Valid for HP 85032B E type N 50 Ω and HP 85036B E type N 75 Ω cal kits using either a two port or enhanced response calibration HP 8712ET ES and HP 8714ET ES Test Port Input Group Delay Accuracya Characteristic HP 8712ET ES and HP8714ET ES ...

Page 449: ...tude 0 01 dB div min Phase 0 1 div min Polar 10 µUnit Full Scale min Reference Level Range Magnitude 500 dB max Phase 360 max Reference Level Resolution Magnitude 0 01 dB min Phase 0 01 min Marker Resolution Magnitude 0 001 dB min Phase 0 01 min Polar 0 01 µUnit min 0 01 min Group Delay Aperture Minimum 20 of frequency span Maximum frequency span of points 1 Group Delay Range 1 2 x minimum apertur...

Page 450: ... BNC Impedance 10 kΩ nom Range 10 V Accuracy 3 reading 20 mV Damage Level 15 V 15 V External Trigger In Out Female BNC Open collector with 681 Ω nom pullup resistor to 5 V nom Normally high pulsed low after each data point is measured Damage Level 0 2 V 5 2 V Limit Test Output Female BNC Open collector with 681 Ω nom pullup resistor to 5 V nom Normally high pulled low when limit test fails Damage ...

Page 451: ...PIB Type 57 24 pin Microribbon female X and Y External Detector Inputs 12 pin circular female Parallel Port 25 pin D Sub DB 25 female LAN 8 pin RJ45 female RS232 9 pin D Sub DB 9 male Mini DIN Keyboard Barcode Reader 6 pin mini DIN PS 2 female Line Powera Frequency 47 Hz to 63 Hz Voltage at 115 V setting 90 V to 132 V 115 V nom Voltage at 220 V setting 198 V to 264 VAC 230 V nom Power 300 VA max 2...

Page 452: ... HP part number 9300 0797 Dust Minimize for optimum reliability Operating Environment Temperature 0 C to 55 C Humidity 5 to 95 at 40 C Altitude 0 to 4 5 km 15 000 ft Storage Conditions Temperature 40 C to 70 C Humidity 0 to 95 RH at 65 C noncondensing Altitude 0 to 15 24 km 50 000 ft Cabinet Dimensions Height Width Depth 179 425 514 mm nom 7 0 16 75 20 25 in nom Cabinet dimensions exclude front an...

Page 453: ...100 MHz 0 38 s 1 Port 1 4000 1601 100 MHz 0 73 s 1 6 s 0 16 s 2 5 s 1 Port 1 3700 201 100 MHz 0 16 s 1 Port 1 3700 201 2 GHz 0 22 s 1 Port 1 1200 201 100 MHz 0 33 s 1 Port 1 1200 201 2 GHz 0 40 s 1 Port 1 250 201 100 MHz 1 5 s 1 Port 1 250 201 2 GHz 1 6 s 1 Port 1 15 201 100 MHz 12 3 s 1 Port 1 15 201 2 GHz 12 3 s 1 Port 2 4000 51 100 MHz 56 ms 0 63 s 58 ms 0 84 s 1 Port 2 4000 201 100 MHz 0 12 s ...

Page 454: ...e system state and calibration data e Data Transfer is performed using an HP S700 workstation The HP IB port is used to transfer corrected 64 bit floating point numbers real and imaginary f A Measurement Cycle is defined as the time required for an HP S700 workstation to con trol the analyzer to 1 recall the state and calibration analyzer is now in sweep hold mode 2 sweep using the INIT1 OPC comma...

Page 455: ...rlaid one graticule screen Measurement Choices Narrowband ET models reflection A R transmission B R A B R ES models S11 A R S22 B R S21 B R S12 A R A B R Broadband X Y Y X X Y Y R power B R conversion loss B R NOTE X and Y denote external broadband detector inputs denotes internal broadband detectors Formats rectilinear log or linear magnitude SWR phase group delay real and imaginary Smith chart a...

Page 456: ...ch measurement channel has eight markers Markers are coupled between channels Any one of eight markers can be the reference marker for delta marker operation Annotation for up to four markers can be displayed at one time Marker Functions Markers can be used in absolute or delta modes Other marker functions include mkr center mkr reference mkr electrical delay searches tracking and statistics Marke...

Page 457: ...cluding Touchstone s2p format and screen graphics can be saved as PCX bit mapped HP GL vector or PCL5 printer files Network File System NFS Remote files and directories such as those stored on a computer can behave like local files and directories stored within the analyzer through the use of NFS and the LAN interface This allows test data from the analyzer to be saved directly to a remote directo...

Page 458: ... bootp and NFS The LAN interface is a standard feature SCPI The analyzer can be controlled by sending Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI commands within a telnet session or via a socket connection and TCP IP the default socket port is 5025 The analyzer s socket applications programming interface API is compatible with Berkeley sockets Winsock and other standard socket APIs Socket ...

Page 459: ...r analyzer over the LAN using a variety of computing platforms I O interfaces and operating systems With SICL LAN a remote analyzer can be controlled over the LAN with the same methods used for a local analyzer connected directly to the controller with HP IB SICL LAN can also be used with Windows 95 98 NT or HP UX Bootp Bootstrap protocol bootp allows a network analyzer to automatically configure ...

Page 460: ...IB serial or parallel interfaces Measurement Calibration Measurement calibration significantly reduces measurement uncertainty due to errors caused by system directivity source match load match frequency response and crosstalk The analyzer features factory installed default calibrations that use vector error correction so that measurements can be made on many devices without performing a user cali...

Page 461: ...source match and directivity errors while making S parameter measurements of transmission S21 S12 and reflection S11 S22 Compensates for crosstalk when the softkey is toggled ON Requires open short load and through standards ET and ES models transmission measurements Normalization Simultaneous magnitude and phase correction of frequency response errors Requires a through connection Used for both n...

Page 462: ...5036B Eb 7 mm APC 7 HP 85031B 7 16 HP 85038Ac Fd Me In addition you can also describe the standards for a user defined kit for example open circuit capacitance coefficients offset short length or through standard loss For more information about calibration kits available from Hewlett Packard consult the RF Economy Network Analyzers Configuration Guide HP literature number 5967 6315E a Option 001 d...

Page 463: ...r measuring periodic reflections of small magnitude These periodic reflections can occur from physical damage to the cable caused by rough handling or from minor imperfections imparted during the manufacturing process Structural return loss problems occur when these periodic reflections sum at half wavelength intervals causing high signal reflection and low transmission at the corresponding freque...

Page 464: ...sets Provides a complete solution for testing 75 ohm multiport devices like CATV distribution amplifiers or multi taps Test sets can be configured with six or twelve test ports for more information please consult the product brochure HP literature number 5968 4766E Switching test sets Switching test sets enhance productivity by allowing multiple measurements with a single connection to the device ...

Page 465: ...no charge within HP service travel areas Outside HP service travel areas warranty service will be performed at Buyer s facility only upon HP s prior agreement and Buyer shall pay HP s round trip travel expenses In all other areas products must be returned to a service facility designated by HP If the product is to be returned to Hewlett Packard for service or repair it must be returned to a servic...

Page 466: ...specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED HEWLETT PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Exclusive Remedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES HEWLETT PACKARD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTA...

Page 467: ...ser s Guide 9 57 Specifications Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices If you should need technical assistance contact the nearest Hewlett Packard sales or service office See Table 9 10 on the next page ...

Page 468: ...18 696622 INTERCON FIELD OPERATIONS Headquarters Hewlett Packard Company 3495 Deer Creek Rd Palo Alto CA 94304 1316 USA 415 857 5027 Japan Hewlett Packard Japan Ltd Measurement Assistance Center 9 1 Takakura Cho Hachioji Shi Tokyo 192 8510 Japan TEL 81 426 56 7832 FAX 81 426 56 7840 Australia Hewlett Packard Australia Ltd 31 41 Joseph Street Blackburn Victoria 3130 61 3 895 2895 Singapore Hewlett ...

Page 469: ...ES User s Guide 10 1 10 Safety and Regulatory Information ...

Page 470: ...Guide Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information This chapter contains required safety and regulatory information that is not included elsewhere in the manual ...

Page 471: ...ts inside Refer servicing to qualified personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers WARNING If this product is not used as specified the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired This instrument must be used in a normal condition in which all means for protection are intact only WARNING For continued protection against fire hazard replace line fuse only with same type an...

Page 472: ...s cord may cause product damage Statement of Compliance This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010 Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus and has been supplied in a safe condition The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a sa...

Page 473: ...s a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association This is a symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product The ON symbol is used to mark the position of the analyzer s line power switch The STANDBY symbol is used to mark the position of the analyzer s power switch The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power The C Tick ma...

Page 474: ...latory Information Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Notice for Germany Noise Declaration LpA 70 dB am Arbeitsplatz operator position normaler Betrieb normal position nach DIN 45635 T 19 per ISO 7779 Declaration of Conformity ...

Page 475: ...ES User s Guide 10 7 Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information ...

Page 476: ...10 8 ES User s Guide Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information ...

Page 477: ...ES User s Guide 11 1 11 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation ...

Page 478: ...he network analyzer is preset with the and keys or with the SCPI command SYST PRESET it sets itself to the pre defined conditions shown below NOTE The HP IB command RST is not the same as SYST PRESET BEGIN Key Settings MEAS Key Settings PRESET Factory Preset key device None On Off On Measurement S21 Fwd Trans On Off Off Measurement S21 Fwd Trans BEGIN MEAS 1 MEAS 2 ...

Page 479: ...tory default is 0 dBm Start frequency 0 3 MHz Stop frequency 1 1300 MHz Stop frequency 2 3000 MHz Low pass Band pass3 Low pass Band pass max span1 3 1299 700 MHz Band pass max span2 3 2999 700 MHz Frequency resolution kHz Sweep type Frequency Alternate sweep Off Sweep time Auto fastest possible Power level preset power level 4 RF power On Power sweep start power 0 0 dBm Power sweep stop power 1 0 ...

Page 480: ...eset and Peripheral States SOURCE Key Settings continued 1 Analyzers with Option 100 only Trigger source Internal Trigger mode Continuous Number of points 201 Start distance 1 0 00 ft 0 00 m Stop distance1 100 00 ft 30 48 m External reference Off Spur avoid options None MENU ...

Page 481: ...cking Off Electrical delay 0 seconds Phase offset 0 degrees Full split display Full Display trace Data Graticule On Measurement channel annotation On Frequency annotation On Marker annotation On Marker numbers On Y axis label state On Y axis label mode Absolute Title Clock Off Clock title line Clock on line 2 Title line 1 Blank Title line 2 Blank Limit lines On Limit pass fail text On SCALE DISPLA...

Page 482: ... pass fail indicator X position 80 Limit pass fail indicator Y position 60 Marker limits Off Limit test Off Previously set limits Deleted Active calibration Last active cal if valid otherwise default cal Detector zero Autozero Cal kit Type N female System Z0 50 ohms 1 Velocity factor 2 1 0 speed of light Smith chart Z0 50 ohms1 Port extensions Off Refl port extensions 0 s Trans port extensions 0 s...

Page 483: ...ers with Option 100 only Notch search level 6 Target search level 3 Tracking Off Format type Log mag Averaging Off Average factor 16 System bandwidth Medium Wide Fault Window 1 Medium Delay Aperture 0 5 minimum Define save Instrument state On Cal Off Data Off See Peripheral State Beeper volume 90 IBASIC display None FORMAT AVG SAVE RECALL HARDCOPY SYSTEM OPTIONS ...

Page 484: ...estored by pressing the key several times during power up This procedure clears all information in non volatile memory including calibrations Refer to the key definition on page 8 37 for more information BEGIN Key Settings MENU Key Settings DISPLAY Key Settings CAL Key Settings SAVE RECALL Key Settings 1 Analyzers with Option 100 only 1 Option 100 only For analyzers without Option 100 see Factory ...

Page 485: ...sing the PCB command See your Programmer s Guide for details Analyzer HP IB Address 16 System Controller Talker Listener Talker Listener Power Meter HP IB Address 1 13 System Controller Address 2 21 User TTL Config Softkey Auto Step Clock Format YYYY MM DD HH MM SS Numeric Alpha Numeric Seconds On HP IB Status Talker Listener SRE Register 0 ESE Register 0 PSC Flag 1 LAN LAN state On HP 87xxx IP Ad...

Page 486: ...ter Printer Language PCL Hardcopy Port parallel Printer Plotter HP IB Address 5 Baud Rate 19200 Handshake Xon Xoff Define Hardcopy Graph and Marker Table Define Graph Trace Data On Graticule On Annotation On Marker Symbol On Title Clock On Define PCL5 Mono Color Monochrome Orientation Portrait Auto Feed On Top Margin 0 mm Left Margin 0 mm Print Width 150 mm 5 9 in ...

Page 487: ...continued Define Printer Mono Color Monochrome Orientation Portrait Auto Feed On Resolution 96 dpi Top Margin 0 mm Left Margin 0 mm Print Width 150 mm 5 9 in Define Plotter Mono Color Monochrome Auto Feed On Pen Numbers Monochrome Pen 1 Trace 1 Pen 1 Trace 2 Pen 2 Memory 1 Pen 3 Memory 2 Pen 4 Graticule Pen 5 Graphics Pen 6 ...

Page 488: ...s settings that are not included in the previous sections are volatile These settings survive when the key is pressed but not when the analyzer s power is cycled Examples of volatile settings are PRESET always returns to HP 8712E Compatible format after a power cycle always returns to 0 0 0 0 after a power cycle File Format IP Address to Ping ...

Page 489: ...ore these instrument states to any one of the following Table 11 1 Disk Capacities The non volatile RAM disk is powered by a battery to provide short term storage of data when the analyzer is not connected to ac power With this battery protection data can typically be retained in memory for approximately 250 days at 70 C and for more than 5 years at 25 C The number of files that can be saved to di...

Page 490: ... faster The disk catalog window can display at most nine pages of files with 21 files or directories per page for a total of 189 This means that if you have over 188 files in addition to the parent directory you will not be able to see all of the files However even though you cannot see all of the files using the disk catalog window you can still access them programmatically using SCPI or IBASIC R...

Page 491: ...rument states when you want to return to the same instrument setup Cal Calibration data Error correction arrays The amount of memory used increases with the number of data points Reflection cals are larger than transmission cals The instrument state is automatically saved with cal data You should save calibrations to avoid having to repeat the calibration procedure Data Measurement or trace data T...

Page 492: ...there are three types of information that can be saved Instrument state Cal Data Each of these can be enabled or disabled using based on your needs The following table shows how much space is required to save each of the three components of the instrument state By adding the numbers for the items which you are saving you can calculate approximately the size of the instrument state file that will b...

Page 493: ...asurement points 4 Calpts number of points over which the calibration was per formed Item Saved Size1 bytes File header 2 0 State header 140 Instrument state off 0 without memory trace 9580 with 1 memory trace 3 9580 1 8 Npts with 2 memory traces3 9580 2 8 Npts Data per active channel off 0 each channel active3 178 8 Npts Cal per active channel off 0 response 4 246 4 8 Calpts response and isolatio...

Page 494: ...01 178 8 201 13 114 Same as above but after performing a two port calibration and saving the calibration Size 0 140 9580 8 201 178 8 201 246 12 8 201 32 656 NOTE Most disks use a sector size of 256 or 512 bytes so there will usually be a small amount of wasted space on the disk Memory Usage Notes In general memory usage increases with number of points and complexity of information saved One port r...

Page 495: ...correction 6 3 ASCII file calibration kit 6 30 attenuation when to use in a measurement 3 11 Authentication key 8 8 Auto Feed ON off key 8 9 Automount At Powerup 8 9 Automount Dev Table key 8 9 Automount Setup key 8 9 Autoscale 2 6 Autoscale key 8 9 AUTOST files 3 18 Autost key 3 18 8 9 auto step 4 62 Autozero 6 22 Autozero key 8 10 AUX INPUT connector 3 67 7 4 Aux Input key 8 10 auxiliary input 3...

Page 496: ...See calibration user two port user one port 3 49 6 21 8 94 user response 8 96 user two port 3 20 3 22 3 71 3 74 6 5 6 17 6 21 8 95 user defined versus default 6 8 calibration information to save 4 55 calibration kit 6 23 3 5 mm 6 24 7 16 6 24 7 16 8 4 aborting a modification 8 5 APC 7 6 24 8 8 ASCII file 6 30 downloading standards 6 31 modifying 8 58 sex of connectors 3 21 stored in analyzer 6 23 ...

Page 497: ...0 Data Mem key 8 20 date 4 50 date format 8 16 DD MM YYYY HH MM key 8 20 declaration of conformity 10 6 Default 1 Port key 8 21 Default 2 key 4 87 8 21 Default 2 Port key 8 21 default conditions presetting the analyzer 2 5 Default key 8 21 default one port calibration 6 19 8 21 Default Pen Colors key 8 22 default response calibration 6 15 8 23 Default Response key 8 23 default two port calibration...

Page 498: ...static discharge 1 8 precautions 1 8 eliminating receiver spurious responses 5 13 End Frequency key 8 27 End Limit key 8 28 End Line key 8 28 enhanced response calibration 3 41 6 17 8 28 Enhanced Response key 8 28 Enter Line 1 key 8 28 Enter Line 2 key 8 28 entering parameters 2 4 environmental requirements 1 4 Epson printers 4 72 error unrecoverable message 8 66 errors frequency response 6 4 leak...

Page 499: ...rey Scale key 8 36 group delay 3 69 Group ID key 8 36 H hardcopy typical times 4 82 Hardcopy All key 8 37 HARDCOPY key 8 37 hardcopy port configuration 4 71 Hardcopy Screen key 8 37 hardcopy speed 4 82 Help Message key 8 37 Hewlett Packard sales and service offices 9 56 Hold key 8 37 horizontal back porch 4 89 Horizontal Back Porch key 8 38 Horizontal Frnt Porch key 8 38 horizontal front porch 4 8...

Page 500: ...ternal disk 4 57 Internal key 8 43 interpolation reflection calibration 6 22 transmission calibration 6 18 introduction front panel 2 3 Inverse Video key 8 44 IP Address to Ping 11 12 IP Address to Ping key 8 44 ISM1 A mark definition 10 5 isolation calibration 8 44 8 73 Isolation on OFF key 6 5 6 16 6 17 6 20 6 21 8 44 K Key Record on OFF key 8 45 keyboard connector 1 11 4 83 7 13 keyboards to co...

Page 501: ...ime 5 7 tracking function 4 7 Marker Search key 8 53 marker statistics 4 18 marker tracking and sweep time 5 7 markers polar format 4 27 reference 4 24 relative mode 4 24 search bandwidth values 4 10 notch values 4 13 Smith chart markers 4 27 use with limit lines 4 38 markers and reference tracking 4 42 markers and sweep time 5 7 math marker 4 18 Max Limit key 8 54 max search 4 7 Max Search key 8 ...

Page 502: ...h 4 8 Next Peak Right key 8 61 next peak right marker search 4 8 NFS Device key 8 61 NFS Device Setup key 8 60 8 61 NFS Device Table key 8 61 noise floor reduction 5 10 noise trace activating averaging 5 12 changing system bandwidth 5 12 eliminating receiver spurious responses 5 13 reduction 5 12 None key 8 62 noninsertable devices calibrating for 3 25 Non Vol RAM Disk key 8 61 non volatile memory...

Page 503: ...s 11 2 PRESET key 8 66 preset power level 2 6 Preset User Kit key 8 67 preset how calibration is affected 6 13 preventive maintenance 1 17 print overrun error 4 74 print times 4 82 Print Width key 8 67 Print Plot HP IB Addr key 8 67 printer address 1 14 printer compatibility guide 4 68 Printer Resolution key 8 68 printing and plotting 4 78 baud rate 4 72 printing device definition 4 73 printing sp...

Page 504: ...ting 2 6 ripple marker limit test 4 33 Round Seconds key 8 74 rpg knob 7 18 RS 232 serial port 1 11 4 71 4 72 7 11 Run key 8 74 S S11 calibration 3 49 6 19 measurement 3 48 S11 Refl Port 1 key 8 75 S12 calibration 6 15 measurement 3 41 S12 Rev Trans key 8 75 S21 calibration 6 15 measurement 3 41 S21 Fwd Trans key 8 75 S22 calibration 3 49 6 19 measurement 3 48 S22 Refl Port 2 key 8 76 S2P ASCII fi...

Page 505: ... 8 5 13 SRL key 8 84 Stack Size key 8 84 standard deviation 4 18 standards calibration 6 26 standby 7 19 start frequency change to increase sweep speed 5 4 Start key 2 6 8 84 Start Line key 8 84 Start Power key 8 84 static safe equipment part numbers 1 8 statistical mean marker limit test 4 33 Statistics key 8 85 statistics marker 4 18 statistics peak to peak 4 33 Step key 8 85 Step Sweep on OFF k...

Page 506: ...instructions 10 4 trigger external 7 4 Trigger key 8 92 Trigger Source key 8 92 TSet Cal on OFF key 8 93 twelve error term correction 6 5 two port calibration See calibration user two port type F cal kit 8 93 Type F key 8 93 type N f cal kit 8 93 Type N f Default key 8 93 type N m cal kit 8 93 Type N m key 8 93 types of calibration 6 10 types of calibration standards 6 26 U Unmount NFS Device key ...

Page 507: ... X key 8 100 X Y key 8 100 x axis annotation 4 51 Xon Xoff key 8 100 Y Y key 8 101 Y R key 8 102 Y X key 8 102 y axis annotation 4 51 Y Axis Lbl ON off key 8 101 Y Axis Lbl rel ABS key 8 101 YYYY MM DD HH MM key 8 102 Z Z0 key 8 103 Z0 calibration standard characteristic 8 103 zeroing detectors 6 22 ...

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