PMA KS 98 Manual Download Page 29

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9.3

MUDI ( Multiplication / division )

A B

a x

b x

c x

× +

× × +

× +

(

) (

)

Input variables

...

are multiplied by factors

. The relevant constants

are added. The out-

put variable corresponds to the product.
Value “1" is assigned automatically to unused inputs.
With divisions by “0" (C =

= 0) output

is set to 1.5

Parameter

Description

Range

Default

a...c

Multiplication factors

-29 999...999 999

...

Offset

-29 999...999 999

9499 040 50611

Scaling and calculating functions

MUDI ( Multiplication / division )

Summary of Contents for KS 98

Page 1: ...98 KS KS98 S98K 98KS 8KS9 K S 9 8 LimL LimH Xsd Fnc y0 a c b d TS D TS H TS Mi TE D TE H TE Mi t KS 98 and KS 98plus Multi function unit Functional description 9499 040 50611 Valid from 8474...

Page 2: ...ng instructions All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced or published in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the copyright owner A publication of PMA P...

Page 3: ...s with integrated supply voltage 20 6 7 Digital inputs and outputs r connecting diagram 20 7 Menu 21 7 1 Short form dialogue 21 7 2 Complete dialogue 22 7 3 Selection switch on and operating pages 22...

Page 4: ...unter 70 13 6 MEAN mean value formation 72 14 Time functions 75 14 1 LEAD differentiator 75 14 2 INTE integrator 77 14 3 LAG1 filter 79 14 4 DELA1 delay time 80 14 5 DELA2 delay time 81 14 6 FILT filt...

Page 5: ...134 21 2 KS8x KS 800 KS 816 controller function no 59 135 22 Description of KS98 CAN bus extension 137 22 1 CPREAD CAN PDO read function 141 22 2 CPWRIT CAN PDO write function 142 22 3 CSDO CAN SDO fu...

Page 6: ...1 29 2 F_Inp frequency counter input 233 29 3 R_Inp analog input card 234 29 4 U_INP analog input card 50 1500mV 0 10V 236 29 5 I_OUT analog output card 0 4 20mA 20mA 238 29 6 U_OUT analog output card...

Page 7: ...s input and output for analog and digital signals bargraphs and trends Communication with other instruments and systems is possible via an optional digital interface Additionally the introduction of a...

Page 8: ...Description 9499 040 50611 Construction 8...

Page 9: ...relay or current or logic dependent of version OUT4 OUT5 OUT 3 option C current 2 4 Control outputs Opto coupler grounded load with common positive control voltage power 18 32 V DC 100 mA do1 do4 in o...

Page 10: ...Important technical data 9499 040 50611 Further external in and outputs 10...

Page 11: ...er 4 flow calculator 5 Setting standard setting 0 setting to specification 9 1 The combination KS98 CANopen I O and modular option c is not possible Either KS98 or modular option c 2 INP3 With type 0...

Page 12: ...Versions 9499 040 50611 I O modules for units with modular option c basic card 12...

Page 13: ...the housing q LEDs indicate the statuses of the LED function r 219 q Display LCD dot matrix with 64x128 dots back lighting The relevant display is shown in sections 4 Menus 6 12 Visualization 6 14 Pr...

Page 14: ...Front view 9499 040 50611 14...

Page 15: ...ert the unit and lock it with the screw SIL switches DP PROFIBUS terminating resistor Every Profibus network must be terminated This means that the first and the last node on the bus must be provided...

Page 16: ...Mounting 9499 040 50611 16...

Page 17: ...in a grounded metal switch cabinet 6 3 Measurement earth for grounding interference a Interference voltages e g high frequency interference acting on the unit from outside may cause functional trouble...

Page 18: ...20mA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 P OUT4 OUT5 OUT2 OUT1 0 4 20mA _ 500VA 250V 2A 500VA 250V 2A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 di di1 di2 Volt mA _ Volt mA Volt mA A INP5 INP6 INP1 0 4...

Page 19: ...stance thermometers Pt100 in difference connection d Compensating the lead resistances proceed as described r 24 Resistance transducer e Calibrating the measurement proceed as described r24 Standard v...

Page 20: ...ns The S I L switches are located on the circuit board shown right If A14 A12 is used for di1 di2 A12 must be connected with A1 6 7 Digital inputs and outputs r connecting diagram The digital inputs a...

Page 21: ...ogue Available from operating version 2 The main menu is switched off via interface m hide or function STATUS m hide The operating page menu with the permitted operating pages is selectable Selecting...

Page 22: ...ally connected CAN Nodes Page Status PROFIBUS bus access data communication status display Page Status INTERBUS bus access data communication status display Only with option B with built in real time...

Page 23: ...nd is reached with ID returning to the sub menu is possible with M When the End is reached with ID in the sub menu re turn to the sub menu is with M Example Parameter ID scrolls the marked line to the...

Page 24: ...bration press D until nothing is marked and press M Lead resistance adjustment is finished Remove both short circuits For leaving the calibration pressD until nothing is marked and press M If another...

Page 25: ...the occurrence of undesired operating conditions due to the switch off effects must be taken 8 3 Cleaning Housing and front panel can be cleaned using a dry lint free cloth Do not use solvents or clea...

Page 26: ...Maintenance 9499 040 50611 Further information 26...

Page 27: ...parameter Now constant a0 is added The absolute value of the result ing value is formed and output at y1 Example y1 ABS a w x1 a0 a 5 x1 2 a0 5 results in y1 15 y1 ABS a w x1 a0 a 5 x1 2 a0 20 results...

Page 28: ...factors a d Constant y0 is added to the sum of evaluated inputs Value 0 is assigned automatically to unused inputs Parameter Description Range Default a d Multiplication factors 29 999 999 9990 1 y0...

Page 29: ...added The out put variable corresponds to the product Value 1 is assigned automatically to unused inputs With divisions by 0 C c w x3 c0 0 output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 Parameter Description Range...

Page 30: ...e root extraction If the expression under the root is negative the square root expression is set to 0 As a result y1 0 If the input is not connected this is interpreted as x1 0 Parameter Description R...

Page 31: ...The result a w x1 a0 is set to the power Exp If x1 is not used this is interpreted as x1 0 With Exp 0 SCAL outputs 1 Parameter Description Range Default a Multiplication factor 29 999 999 999 1 a0 Off...

Page 32: ...An unwired x1 is interpreted as x1 0 in this case y1 is 1 If the value at input x1 is higher than 36 7 an overflow may occur In this case output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 rather than forming the power...

Page 33: ...37 is output rather than form ing the power If x1 is not wired this is interpreted as x1 0 and thus as y1 1 Note EEXP is the reversal function of function LN Examples With an input value of x1 5 outp...

Page 34: ...is interpreted as x1 1 In this case y1 is 0 With a negative input variable x1 y1 1 5 w 10 37 is set Note LN is the reversal function of function EEXP Examples The result of input value x1 63 is an ou...

Page 35: ...preted as x1 1 In this case y1 is 0 With a negative input variable x1 y1 1 5 w 10 37 is set Note LG10 is the reversal function of function 10EXP Examples The result of input value x1 63 is an output v...

Page 36: ...Scaling and calculating functions 9499 040 50611 LG10 10s logarithm 36...

Page 37: ...r limit If input value x1 is within the dead band Low x1 High output value y1 0 If x1 is not used this is interpreted as x1 0 Example In the following example 10 for Low and 50 for High was used Input...

Page 38: ...lue x1 is higher than the highest parameter x n the output value is equal to the corresponding y n value During entry of the configuration parameters the condition is that the assigned values stand in...

Page 39: ...n which the sinus function can still provide purposeful values output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 Example degree of angle y1 sin x1 x1 30 y1 0 5 Example radian y1 sin x1 x1 90rad y1 0 89399666 Parameter...

Page 40: ...d 2nd quadrant 0 180 0 Inter nal limiting is omitted If input value x1 is out of the range in which the cosinus function can still provide purposeful values output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 Example deg...

Page 41: ...the argument range is limited to the 1st or 4th quadrant 90 90 or 2 2 If input value x1 is out of this range output y1 1 w 10 37 x1 90 2 or 1 5 w 10 37 x1 90 2 is set Example degree of angle y1 tan x...

Page 42: ...in radian For calculation clarity the range for the argument is limited to the 1st and 2nd quadrant 0 180 or 0 If input value x1 is out of this range output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 x1 0 or 1 5 w 10 3...

Page 43: ...gle or in radian The calculation is output as degree of angle 90 90 or as radian 2 2 With arguments out of the function validity range output y1 is limited to 1 5 w 10 37 x1 1 or 1 5 w 10 37 x1 1 Exam...

Page 44: ...f angle or in radian Calculation is either as degree of angle 0 180 or as radian 0 With arguments out of the function validity range output y1 is set to 1 5 w 10 37 x1 1 or 1 5 w 10 37 x1 1 Example de...

Page 45: ...if the angle is provided in degree of angle or in radian The calculation is output either as degree of angle 90 90 or as radian P 2 P 2 Example degree of angle y1 arctan x1 x1 1 y1 45 Example radian y...

Page 46: ...djust if the angle is provided in degree of angle or in radian The calculation is output in degree of angle 0 180 and in radian 0 Example degree of angle y1 arccot x1 x1 45 y1 1 273 Example radian y1...

Page 47: ...truth table given below Unused inputs are interpreted as logic 1 d1 d2 d3 d4 z1 not z2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0...

Page 48: ...12 2 NOT inverter z d 1 1 Logic input signal d1 is output invertedly at y1 If d1 is not wired this is interpreted as logic 0 d1 not z1 0 1 1 0 Logic functions 9499 040 50611 NOT inverter 48...

Page 49: ...given below Unused inputs are interpreted as logic 0 d1 d2 d3 d4 z1 not z1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0...

Page 50: ...tion Example Delay 0 5s for assignment to sampling interval 100ms means that the signal is transferred only after 0 5s Sampling interval 200ms means that the signal is transferred only after 0 6s Samp...

Page 51: ...re combined into z1 according to the truth table given below Unused inputs are inter preted as logic 0 Output z1 is 0 when the two inputs are equal both 0 or both 1 d1 d2 z1 not z1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0...

Page 52: ...itch on status initial condition z1 0 Unused inputs are interpreted as logic 0 a This function has a memory This means after power on it continues operating with the statuses at z1 and not z1 which ex...

Page 53: ...the function Example Ti 0 9s for assignment to sampling interval 100ms means that the signal is output during 0 9s Sampling interval 200ms means that the signal is output during 1 0s Sampling time 400...

Page 54: ...Input Ti1 Mode 2 Source of pulse duration at z3 Parameter Ti2 Para Ti2 t Input Ti2 Input Ti2 Ti1 Duration of the pulse generated by d1 when Mode 1 Para Ti1 is entered 0 1 999 999 s 1 Ti2 Duration of t...

Page 55: ...0 the value of output Step remains 3 Alternatively a positive flank at input skip also leads to switch over to the next step independent of the status at input d1 d10 a The function has a memory This...

Page 56: ...is input reacts only to a positive flank i e on a change from 0 to 1 At this flank the STEP function switches over to the next step without taking the status at the relevant di input into account Anal...

Page 57: ...ameter T2 or read in via input T2 The time origin is selected via parameter Mode The pulse duration accuracy is dependent of the time group to which the function is assigned It is an integer multiple...

Page 58: ...Configuration Description Range Default Mode Source of delay times parameters T1 and T2 Parameters r Inputs T1 and T2 Inputs Logic functions 9499 040 50611 TIME1 timer 58 Example with different delay...

Page 59: ...ge of the bytes may be necessary The function works in both directions simultaneously analog bytes bytes analog with separate data type adjust ment in the parameters Analog inputs X1 analog input valu...

Page 60: ...d on an operating page On the first line a trigger bit which is reset by the following ready signal of the SDO block can be set The engineering cannot be used to put a connected instrument into operat...

Page 61: ...ch is used normally for reading PDOs can be used to realize node guarding for an adjustable node Moreover this block ensures that the se lected node is set operational In this case connecting the vali...

Page 62: ...SEQ EDG shows the generation of an endless SDO command sequence The values for D type sub index index and value are stored in the recipe blocks The counter COUN counts from 1 to 15 continu ously Signa...

Page 63: ...further functions and possibilities of KS98 engineerings in conjunction with command sequences This partial engineering shows the possibility of access to SDO block parameters via an operating page 94...

Page 64: ...g page and starts a pulse value change for stor age in the recipe blocks Command triggering is subject to various conditions when reading after changing during manual mode and cyclically in automatic...

Page 65: ...tputs z1 z8 z1 2 0 z8 2 7 The range is within 0 255 Out of the range the output allocation is Input z1 z2 z3 z4 z5 z6 z7 z8 x1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x1 255 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Conversion binary number into an...

Page 66: ...out of 8 into analog value Select ana 1 8 Individual digital input allocation d1 d8 result in an analog output variable at y1 according to the allocated input value Example for conversion value x1 5...

Page 67: ...ion integer of input variable x1 without rounding off at output y1 Example x1 1 7 r y1 1 0 x1 1 7 r y1 1 0 Inputs outputs Analog input x1 Input variable to be handled Analog output y1 Integer portion...

Page 68: ...h according to input x1The pulse length corresponds to the sampling interval 100 200 400 or 800ms adjusted for this block The length of switch off time be tween pulses is not always equal and dependen...

Page 69: ...ting the momentary impulse number of n per hour n Puls h x x x x 1 0 100 0 n momentary impulse number hour x0 Parameter With analog input x1 x0 no pulses are produced area start creeping flow suppress...

Page 70: ...puts go from 0 to 1 signal simultaneously counting is omitted If one of clock inputs up or down are set from 0 to 1 signal without the other one being already set to 1 counting is omitted If parameter...

Page 71: ...up prior to input down if the pulse shall be counted Function reset A 1 signal at input reset has priority over all other inputs reset resets the count to the min value Function preset A 1 signal at i...

Page 72: ...st 60 values form the mean value 1 minute Example 2 mean value of the past day with sampling per hour Sample 1 and Unit h r value sampling per hour ValNo 24 r the past 24 values for the mean value 1 d...

Page 73: ...Nr 5 with every sample a new input value is added the at this time oldest value subtracted and the result divided by ValNr 5 The input values are shifted like with a shift register Inputs outputs Digi...

Page 74: ...Signal converters 9499 040 50611 MEAN mean value formation 74...

Page 75: ...gital input reset 1 causes that y1 y0 and the difference quotient is set to 0 0 starts differentiation automatically Analog input x1 Input variable to be differentiated Output y1 Differentiator output...

Page 76: ...Surface area A under the decaying function is A y T ts max Ramp response After ramp starting output variable y runs towards the fi nal value of differentiation quotient y m a T max according to funct...

Page 77: ...e integrator is stopped automatically and the relevant control output min or max is set to logic 1 Limit value monitoring uses a fixed hysteresis of 1 referred to operating range Max Min Inputs output...

Page 78: ...licable formulas are y t y t n ts T x x 1 0 1 0 t n ts t is the time required by the integrator for changing output y1 linearly by value x1 x0 after integration start Ramp response The function has a...

Page 79: ...ntaneous x1 T time constant x1 t ts y1 after t n ts n number of calculation cycles y1 t ts previous y1 The complex transfer function is F p p t 1 1 Inputs outputs Digital input reset 0 means that inpu...

Page 80: ...ly after 4 flank changes from 0 r 1 at input clock Preset The output provides the value applied to Preset After n 1 positive flanks at clock or n 1 sampling cycles tS if clock isn t wired the first in...

Page 81: ...f the configured time slot sampling interval ts Td max 25 5s with ts 100ms Td max 51 0s with ts 200ms Td max 102 0s with ts 400ms Td max 204 0s with ts 800ms Inputs outputs Digital input preset 1 The...

Page 82: ...ion with time constant T The output variable is calculated according to the following equation y t T T ts y t ts ts T ts x t 1 1 1 ts sampling interval x t T time constant x1 t ts Inputs outputs Digit...

Page 83: ...disabl 1 output z1 switched off The output behaves like time not yet reached Digital output z1 z1 is logic 1 between the start and end time Analog output Week D indicates the actual weekday 0 6 Su Sa...

Page 84: ...tputs Digital inputs disabl 1 suppresses the switching operation reset 1 finishes an instantaneously running switching operation immediately start 1 switch on duration start Digital outputs z1 1 switc...

Page 85: ...s not wired or the input value is higher than 1 5 10 37 or smaller than 1 5 10 37 Number of failed inputs Max Mid Min MaxNo MidNo MinNo 0 xmax xmid xmin number of xmax number of xmid number of xmin 1...

Page 86: ...returns to 0 Unused inputs are interpreted as 0 or logic 0 The function has a memory This means after power on it continues operating with the Min and Max values which existed at power off provided t...

Page 87: ...tion has a memory This means after power on it continues operating with the y1 value which existed at power off provided that the RAM data are still unchanged No parameters Inputs outputs Digital inpu...

Page 88: ...utput at y1 with d1 0 29 999 999 999 0 C1 2 2 Constant of group 1 output at y2 with d1 0 29 999 999 999 0 C1 3 3 Constant of group 1 output at y3 with d1 0 29 999 999 999 0 C1 4 4 Constant of group 1...

Page 89: ...selection d2 2nd digital input for parameter selection Analog input x1 Input is output at y1 when d1 1 and d2 1 Analog outputs d1 d2 y1 C1 0 0 y1 C2 0 1 y1 C3 1 0 y1 x1 1 1 Parameters Parameter Descri...

Page 90: ...tal input for parameter selection d2 2nd digital input for parameter selection Analog inputs x1 Input is output at y1 when d1 0 and d2 0 x2 Input is output at y1 when d1 0 and d2 1 x3 Input is output...

Page 91: ...s are interpreted as 0 or logic 0 Inputs outputs Digital inputs d1 1st digital input for output selection d2 2nd digital input for output selection Analog input x1 Input is output at y1 when d1 0 and...

Page 92: ...input SetNo In mode STORE store 1 the values applied to x1 x4 are written into the memory addresses of the recipe block selected with input SetNo During manual mode manual 1 the inputs are directly c...

Page 93: ...g Analog outputs y1 y4 The values at y i correspond either to the recipe block selected with SetNo or to inputs x i in manual mode store 1 Casc The value at output Casc is the value of input SetNo red...

Page 94: ...to 1 With input off set to 1 or if output err2 1 the x1 value is output at y1 With more than 3 input variables function 2OF3 can be cascaded Output Casc indicates the number of values used for mean va...

Page 95: ...Non connected input x2mult is evaluated as value 1 x3 Measurement input 3 x3mult Factor input pertains to measurement input 3 Determination is made of how many measurement inputs x3 consists required...

Page 96: ...V1 2 5 Select 3 5 x3 of 1st SELV1 3 5 Select 4 5 x4 of 1st SELV1 4 5 Select 5 5 x2 of 2nd SELV1 5 5 Select 6 5 x3 of 2nd SELV1 6 5 x4 of 2nd SELV1 Inputs outputs Analog inputs x1 Input is output at y1...

Page 97: ...djustable hysteresis of 0 The smallest separation between a minimum and a maximum limit value is 0 When an alarm is triggered the corresponding output L1 L2 H1 and H2 is logic 1 D alarm dx1 dt Value x...

Page 98: ...ration parameter Parameter Description Range Default Select Selection of the variable to be monitored x1 x1 t D alarm dx1 dt Alarm with offset x1 x0 Parameters Parameter Description Range Default H1 H...

Page 99: ...alog inputs H1 and L1 and have an adjustable hysteresis of 0 The smallest separation between a minimum and a maximum limit value is 0 With an alarm triggered the relevant output L1 L2 H1 and H2 is log...

Page 100: ...alculated and limited input signal x1 Configuration parameters Parameter Description Range Default Select Selection of variable to be monitored x1 x1 t D alarm dx1 dt Alarm with offset x1 x0 Parameter...

Page 101: ...log input Diff Mode Inp Diff Inputs outputs Analog inputs x1 1st input value to be compared x2 2nd input value Diff Tolerance for comparison operations Digital outputs z1 z1 1 with x2 Diff x1 z2 z2 1...

Page 102: ...lue of y1 which existed at power off provided that the RAM data are still unchanged Inputs outputs Digital inputs d1 Control of positive gradient 0 the selected gradient is effective 1 gradient d2 Con...

Page 103: ...put signal is lower than the alarm value and finished when it is higher than alarm value hysteresis Xsd Inputs outputs Analog input x1 Input variable to be monitored Digital outputs l1 l8 The alarm st...

Page 104: ...tal inputs fail Digital alarm signal e g fail signal of AINP stop stop 1 alarms fail and x1 are suppressed After stop returned to 0 suppression lasts until the monitored value is again within the limi...

Page 105: ...nt input or if the display for this value is in the adjustment mode w With a positive flank at the store input the values applied to the remaining inputs are stored in parameters z1 z6 and y1 y6 and t...

Page 106: ...in the unit is only possible in the engineering tool Max 16 characters can be entered into each text parameter Depending of whether a line was configured as analog or digital line all characters Mode...

Page 107: ...ut fed back to the relevant input or if the display for this value is in the adjustment mode w Value changes are stored as parameters Y1 Y2 in non volatile EEPROM With digital input lock set no values...

Page 108: ...2 start value middle 29999 999 999 0 Input and display of texts Changing the texts displayed in the unit is only possible in the engineering tool Max 16 characters can be entered in each text paramete...

Page 109: ...y an identifier and a unit text can be specified a Values of the used analog inputs are stored as analog values when a positive flank is detected at the store input Activation of this input must be or...

Page 110: ...whether a line is allocated to a block number or defined as a text line all characters Blockx Text or only the first 6 characters Blockx xxx are displayed in the unit If parameter num ber Numx or bloc...

Page 111: ...e digital input is wired sampling is triggered by a positive flank 0 r 1 at this input In this case the adjusted sampling interval configuration is not effective Digital outputs ready After filling th...

Page 112: ...on a trend page may be purposeful e g controller set point and process value or one value and zero in order to have a curve In the example a clock triggering switch over between the values together wi...

Page 113: ...ital process values which can be read via interface status byte 1 Default 0 d7 d12 Digital process values which can be read via interface status byte 2 Default 0 Analog inputs x1 x7 Analog process val...

Page 114: ...2 Digital process values which can be written via the interface default 0 Analog outputs y1 y8 Analog process values which can be written via the interface default 0 Engineering example In the followi...

Page 115: ...S status g Further information on communication with PROFIBUS is given in the interface description order no 9499 940 52711 Inputs outputs Digital inputs d1 d8 Digital process values which can be read...

Page 116: ...the PROFIBUS status g Further information on communication with PROFIBUS is given in the interface description order no 9499 940 52711 Inputs outputs Digital outputs z1 z16 Digital process values whi...

Page 117: ...essage NA NotAvailable Node status is unknown PO PreOperation Node is in the PreOperational status Er Error Node is in error status Op Operational Node is in Operational status NU NotUsed Node is not...

Page 118: ...Sense U Sense U Sense DMS IN RM 225 A OUT A Iout 0 20 mA Uout 0 10 V Iout 0 20 mA Uout 0 10 V Uout 0 10 V Uout 0 10 V Iout 0 20 mA Iout 0 20 mA I 3 I 2 I 1 I 4 U 3 U 2 U 1 U 4 RM 231 0 Iout 0 20 mA Uo...

Page 119: ...rect node Id 1 wrong communication module ID no reply from any unit with the specified node ID r Adjust the DIP switches on the connected RM 201 and on page Parameter Dialog C_RM2x valid 0 invalid dat...

Page 120: ...ot slotid 0 correct slot assignment 1 faulty slot assignment wrong RM module inserted valid 0 no data 1 data could be received di 1 di 8 1st to 8th digital input signal Parameter and configuration dat...

Page 121: ...nment faulty RM module fitted valid 0 no data 1 data could be received di 1 di 8 1st to 8th digital input signal Parameter and configuration data Configuration Description Range Default MTyp Module ty...

Page 122: ...detected 1 engineering error several RM module functions at a slot slotId 0 correct slot assignment 1 faulty slot assignment faulty RM module fitted valid 0 no data 1 data could be received fail 1 fai...

Page 123: ...rd signal 4 20mA 51 standard signal 0 20mA Unit 1 Temperature unit input 1 to 4 only relevant with thermo couple and Pt100 inputs 0 unit C 0 1 unit F Unit 4 2 unit K Tf 1 Filter time constant input 1...

Page 124: ...ration For this leave the operating menu call up Main menu r Miscellaneous select Calibration and call up the module you wish to calibrate Start by selecting the channel you wish to calibrate Press ke...

Page 125: ...data could be received fail 1 fail 4 Measurement error on channel 1 to 4 e g sensor break Parameter and configuration data Configuration Description Range Default MTyp Module type 0 RM231 0 4 x 0 4 2...

Page 126: ...for coupler module RM201 e g max 4 ana log input modules are applicable Digital inputs q set_t1 Set tare strain gauge channel 1 The actual weight is not stored continuously as tare packaging weight T...

Page 127: ...e of strain gauge channel 2 Parameters MTyp 1 2 module type 0 RM225 strain gauge STyp 1 2 0 4 4mV V Unit 1 2 mV V Tf 1 2 filter time constant input 1 2 in s 0 999 999 0 5 x0 1 2 scaling start value in...

Page 128: ...KS98 I O extensions with CANopen 9499 040 50611 RM_DMS strain gauge module 128...

Page 129: ...21 23 25 27 and receive modules CRCV block numbers 22 24 26 28 Max 9 analog values and 16 digital statuses from the relevant engineering can be transmitted per send receive mod ule The sender sends th...

Page 130: ...from CSEND no 27 Outputs Analog outputs Y1 Y9 Analog output values 1 to 9 Digital outputs id err 0 correct node Id 1 faulty node Id valid 0 no data 1 data could be received do 1 do 16 Status values 1...

Page 131: ...al values 1 to 16 which are sent Digital output valid 0 invalid data e g no KS98 but only KS98 1 data could be received Parameter und Konfigurationsdaten Configuration Description Range Default delta...

Page 132: ...CSEND Send mod blockno s 21 23 25 27 No 57 132...

Page 133: ...6 A node function C_KS8x is allocated to each KS 800 or KS816 The KS8x functions are allocated to the various controllers of KS 800 up to 8 controllers or KS 816 up to 16 con trollers For BUS terminat...

Page 134: ...0 correct node 1 faulty node Id no KS800 KS816 replied under the configured node ID valid 0 no data 1 data were received online 0 KS800 816 is off line 1 KS800 816 is on line fail 1 0 no fail at do1 d...

Page 135: ...itched on 1 controller is switched off w w2 0 controller is in automatic mode 1 2nd set point is active safety set point we wi 0 external set point is active 1 internal set point is active ostart 0 do...

Page 136: ...28 alarm DOx St2 Statusbyte 2 Bit Value Description 0 1 W2 active 1 2 Wint active 2 4 Wstart active 3 8 self tuning active 4 16 self tuning error 5 32 controller A M 6 68 controller switched off 7 128...

Page 137: ...on thedetails of the communication structure and can be estimated only if the behaviour of the individual parties is known exactly In the following properties and ef fects of various bus parties are e...

Page 138: ...rejected Although the load of the basic communication blocks C_RM2X CPREAD cannot be allocated to a time slot it is as signed as a fixed value to the engineering portion automatically Send PDOs The lo...

Page 139: ...per 100 ms KS98 calculation cycle Received data bytes can be con verted into the internal format flexibly using function block AOCTET The operating principle of the block for the sending side is equal...

Page 140: ...Description of KS98 CAN bus extension 9499 040 50611 140...

Page 141: ...f an instrument can be operated only via heart beat the guarding function must be switched off Digital inputs start The function is active with the input not connected or if start 1 is connected Digit...

Page 142: ...If an instrument can be operated only via heart beat the guarding function must be switched off Digital inputs start The function is active unless the input is connected or if start 1 is connected Di...

Page 143: ...lue A received value is output at Y1read Y1read is set to 0 after power on after an error err 1 and after a data output With RM modules provided in the KS98 engineering and for addressing the same nod...

Page 144: ...8th analog output value in byte format 8 bit for COB ID 1 T2 1 T2 8 1st to 8th analog output value in byte format 8 bit for COB ID 2 Parameters can be changed during operation Access access mode 0 re...

Page 145: ...page Error After an engineering downlaod Seg 0 is output reset If run is not connected stop is used Inputs outputs Digital inputs APROG hide Display suppression with hide 1 the page is not displayed...

Page 146: ...on Range Default WMode Change mode Ramp Ramp t Step Step PMode Preset Mode Preset to segment Pres time t Preset to time Pres seg TPrio Start mode in search run Gradient has priority Grad prio t Segmen...

Page 147: ...LV2 function blocks can be used to select a recipe the block number of which is switched to the APROG input r see below Selection of the required recipe is possible via analog input ProgNo or recipe n...

Page 148: ...nt runs from the instantaneous process value at the time of start command ramp with gradient Wp1 Wp0 Tp1 With step change mode the set point of the first segment is activated immediately At program en...

Page 149: ...ation of the segment gradient for this program run in order to reach the new destination value in the remaining time Final re calculation of the segment gradient is when starting a new batch reset and...

Page 150: ...rt and end value of the actual segment No operation possible displayofactualset point Wp tNetto Entry of required programmer time preset to time indicates the run time total without pause preset tRest...

Page 151: ...e programmer via the parameter level remains possible In this case however each data block APROGD or DPROGD must be selected separately In this case however parameters W0 W100 and Dp pertaining to APR...

Page 152: ...used for segment data addressing When an error in the segment data addresses is found the reset value is output status display on operating page Error After an engineering download Seg 0 is output res...

Page 153: ...grammer rest time SegNo Actual segment number ProgNo Actual program number recipe Analog outputs DPROGD DBlock Own block number Parameter and configuration data Parameter DPROG Description Range Defau...

Page 154: ...of DPROGD function block wiring r see Fig Recipes Analog output ProgNo at which the actual recipe number is output and one or several SELV2 function blocks can be used for selecting a recipe the bloc...

Page 155: ...nts is only effective after restart after previous reset q Future changes Changes of the future segments which were not reached so far are immediately effective With segment time changes TRest is reca...

Page 156: ...actual recipe number ProgNo Seg If control input preset is wired entering the desired segmentnumber is not possible over the frontside indicates the actual segment number preset No operation possible...

Page 157: ...so PIDMA 24 1 CONTR Controllerfunction with one parameterset 9499 040 50611 Controller 157 CONTR Controllerfunction with one parameterset D w A y y2 track d ovc d ovc OVC OVC off Yadd y y2 pi p o hide...

Page 158: ...m Yhm w stop gr off rstart we wi ParNo pi p o run o stab o err OPT Xp1 1 Xp1 6 Xp2 1 Xp2 6 Tn 1 Tn 6 Tv 1 Tv 6 Tp1 1 Tp1 6 Tp2 1 Tp2 6 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x W0 Grw Xsd1 Y2 W100 Grw L...

Page 159: ...x8 d15 d16 d17 y1 y5 z10 z3 z5 x1 x2 x3 x9 d12 d19 d11 d10 x5 x6 z8 z9 d8 d9 x4 D y6 y7 z1 z2 z4 z6 z7 w A d18 d14 y y2 track OVC OVC off Yadd y y2 o hide ostart w w2 we wi Wext hide lock inc dec x f...

Page 160: ...amp r the set point makes a step change towards the process value and goes to the adjusted process value according to GRW GRW The rising flank 0r1 is evaluated o hide 1 self tuning page display suppre...

Page 161: ...nal contact Signalger t 29999 999999 Aus Xsd2 Switching difference additional contact Signalger t 0 10 999999 1 1 Xsh1 1 Trigger point separation PD three point controller 0 0 1000 0 0 0 Xsh2 1 Trigge...

Page 162: ...105 0 105 0 0 0 Ymin Min output limiting not with 3 point stepping controller 105 0 105 0 0 0 Ymax Max output limiting not with 3 point stepping controller 105 0 105 0 100 100 Y0 Controller working p...

Page 163: ...Xw differentiation Xw t X differentiation X CFail Behaviour with sensor error Neutral Neutral Ypid Ymin 0 Ymin t Ypid Ymax 100 Ymax Ypid Y2 no adjustment via front panel Y2 Ypid Y2 automatic or Yman...

Page 164: ...t point change is stopped w stop with controller or stop with program controller 3 Three element control Particularly suitable for processes in which load changes would be detected too late e g level...

Page 165: ...s value decreases constantly during 1 minute controller inverse or increases constantly during 1 minute controller direct The process is affected from outside grad 0 the process change is constant dur...

Page 166: ...int set point or output value step changes may occur By means of the tracking function the transition is bumpless Process value tracking During switch over the ef fective process value is used as inte...

Page 167: ...t limit for Weff 29 999 999 999 W2 1 Additional set point 29 999 999 999 Grw 2 Set point gradient plus off 0 001 999 999 Grw 2 Set point gradient minus off 0 001 999 999 Grw2 2 Set point gradient for...

Page 168: ...29 999 999 999 Grw 2 Set point gradient plus off 0 001 999 999 Grw 2 Set point gradient minus off 0 001 999 999 Grw2 2 Set point gradient for W2 off 0 001 999 999 N0 Zero offset only effective with CT...

Page 169: ...stant a defined quantity of energy dependent of set point is required This energy causes a permanent control devia tion which increases with growing Xp1 DPID action By means of the I action line out...

Page 170: ...e time heating 0 4 999 9 s Titel Title of controller page only display 16 characters Einh X Unit of the process value only display 6 characters W int 1 Internal set point after transmission of the eng...

Page 171: ...iation is possible Transition from trigger point 1 heating to trigger point 2 cooling is without neutral zone The proportional bands must be adapted to the various heating and cooling power values Fig...

Page 172: ...9 s Tp2 1 6 5 Cycle time heating 0 4 999 9 s Titel Title of controller page only display 16 characters Einh X Unit of process value only display 6 characters W int 1 Internalset pointaftertransmissio...

Page 173: ...ional band Xp1 at 50 duty cycle For keeping the control variable constant a defined amount of energy dependent of set point is required This causes a permanent control deviation which increases with h...

Page 174: ...100 Ymax Max output limiting 0 100 Y0 Working point of correcting variable start up correcting variable 0 100 YOptm Positioning value during process at rest 0 100 dYopt Self tuning step height 5 100 X...

Page 175: ...n Output Y2 closed Three point stepping controllers can be operated with or without position feedback Yp Schritt 3 point stepping controller SchrittYP 3 point stepping controller with position feedbac...

Page 176: ...process value only display 6 characters W int 1 Internal set point after transmission of the engineering to KS98 29 999 999 999 A H Controller status after transmission of the engineering to KS98 0 o...

Page 177: ...Sollwertsprunges entsprechend der mit Tv festgelegten Charakteristik nachwirken Das kann soweit gehen dass der Bereich Xsh1 Xsh2 wieder verlassen wird sodass der P Teil noch einmal aktiviert wird um e...

Page 178: ...range 0 1 999 9 Tn1 1 6 4 Integral action time 0 999 999 s Tv1 1 6 4 Derivative action time 0 999 999 s Titel Title of controller page only display 16 characters Einh X Process value unit only display...

Page 179: ...lled with PID controllers and w Processes with bad controllability K 22 can be controlled with PI controllers The control parameters can be determined from the calculated values of delay time Tu max r...

Page 180: ...riable dYopt is to be specified dYopt is the amount the correcting variable jumps from the initial value YOptm and or in manual operation from the original correcting variable w Consider the set point...

Page 181: ...ic mode page 188 and Start from manual mode page 182 Selec the self tuning page by marking the two arrows followed by configuration Select function Stat OFF OK inverse display and confirm it by M Stat...

Page 182: ...ufficient set point reserve r see page 178 the correcting variable is changed by the correcting variable step dYOpt boosted with indirect controller lowered with direct controller Process at Rest PiR...

Page 183: ...eating are also taken over for cooling No error message Ada_Err is out put g With 3 point stepping controllers the motor actuator is closed first after starting and opening to YOptm will occur only th...

Page 184: ...put step change dYopt 5 Cancellation Self tuning cancelled because of exceeded set point hazard Increase separation of process value X and set point W when starting or decrease YOptm 6 Completed attem...

Page 185: ...viation of the actuator position from an internal setting position feedback required from which a pulse to the actuator is output or canceled In connection with Xsh these parameters can be used to inf...

Page 186: ...for heating and cooling Parameter K which is valid for both ranges determines the control gain of a parallel controller structure Further parameters permit independent weighting of individual controll...

Page 187: ...ng neu starten Self tuning start Self tuning can be started and stopped from automatic or manual operation on the self tuning page Select the self tuning page by marking and confirming the two arrows...

Page 188: ...g variable is reset to the original value In the third phase the PIDMA waits for the maximum value of the increasing process value Subsequently it monitors the decaying process value in the fourth pha...

Page 189: ...ioning limit Positioning limits during self tuning were exceeded During the attempt correcting variable MV has exceeded the positioning limits Repeat the attempt using a smaller positioning pulse or a...

Page 190: ...y large and next step is Reduce Xp from attempt to attempt as long as the control is sufficiently stable If it becomes too unstable then the next step is Tv is to be made smaller and determined whethe...

Page 191: ...point is used as effective set point Unless digital input we wi as well as analog in put wext are connected the controller invariably uses the internal set point W2 safety set point The second set po...

Page 192: ...ext controller on The new set point is linear started outgoing from the momentary process value The slope of the ramp is determined related to the direction of Grw Grw and or Grw2 a This principle app...

Page 193: ...fting back W r Wext Wext is started with the attitude of Grw If the controller shall follow pro cess value or set point tracking is determined with the configurationword Wtrac Tracking can be activate...

Page 194: ...2 Off start up Start up after off line power failurel configuring 3 Walt Wneu Setpoint change 4 W W2 Switch over to 2nd setpoint 5 W2 W Switch over from 2nd setpoint to normal setpoint 6 We Wi withou...

Page 195: ...ction a step change from the instantaneous to the target setpoint is made During this step change the PID parameters are effective The derivative action is a result of the new step change not bumpless...

Page 196: ...be switched over to the final setpoint The target line out function is activated under the following conditions 1 W Wend 2 W Wend 2a 3 X Wend a Marginal conditions restrictions With internal setpoint...

Page 197: ...ombustion With a process value display of 1 05 the instantaneous air excess is clearly 5 The amount of air re quired for atomizing is taken into account by constant N0 For selecting a ratio controller...

Page 198: ...the total paste x1 x2 As the paste quantity is not avail able directly as a measurement signal the total is calculated internally from x1 and x2 N0 0 must also be adjusted in this case Ratio Type 3 W...

Page 199: ...ration into an automation concept a Second correcting value Y2 is evaluated with priority When switching over to Y2 is done at one point interface or digital control input y y2 switching over at the o...

Page 200: ...that two controllers act on the same motor actua tor Override control Override control with continuous output Override control with three point stepping output can be realized by a continuous con trol...

Page 201: ...t correcting value is frozen and can be changed manually M r A switch over is different Correcting value differences are compensated as follows when switching over the controller integral action is se...

Page 202: ...Controller 9499 040 50611 Process value calculation 202...

Page 203: ...suppression with hide 1 the calibration page is not displayed Digital outputs fail Signals an input error short circuit polarity error a m Manual signal inc Increment signal dec Decrement signal Analo...

Page 204: ...with standard signals 0 4 20mA or 0 2 10V 29999 999 999 0 x100 Physical value at 100 29999 999 999 100 XFail Substitute value with sensor error 29999 999 999 0 Tfm Filtertime constant s 0 999 999 0 5...

Page 205: ...ror is irrelevant because it would repeat itself in exactly the same point and amount if the measurement would be repeated under identical conditions Temperature compensation Measurement of the cold j...

Page 206: ...iguration of the following points Distinction between internal and ex ternal temperature compensation r STK is made w Internal compensation the compensating lead must be taken up to the multi function...

Page 207: ...ak The action is configurable for Upscale set point process value Downscale set point process value Substitute value the entered value is used as measured value in case of failure Resistance thermomet...

Page 208: ...e for INP1 is displayed X After pressing the selector key again this actual value is stored as X100 Standard 0 4 20 mA current input The input resistance is 50 During configuration distinction of 0 20...

Page 209: ...n P1 input 29999 999 999 0 x1out Measured value correction P1 output 29999 999 999 0 x2in Measured value correction P2 input 29999 999 999 100 x2out Measured value correction P2 output 29999 999 999 1...

Page 210: ...libration is disabled hide Display suppression with hide 1 the calibration page is disabled Digital outputs fail Signals an input error short circuit wrong polarity a m Manual signal inc Increment sig...

Page 211: ...are scaled according the the physical measuring range of the transmitter x0 x100 With potentiometric transducer measurements calibration is according to the proven method Bring the transducer to star...

Page 212: ...the mains frequency required during operation must be adjusted Main menu r Miscellaneous r Device data r Freque Calibration is as follows Transducer calibration is possible via interface and front pan...

Page 213: ...l the signal behaviour with sensor break can be defined Fail Additionally physical input signal scaling using a defined value of X0 and X100 is possible For measured value processing a filter time con...

Page 214: ...able in each unit also without options z3 z7 Signal at digital input di1 or di2 Digital inputs di3 to di7 are only provided with option B z8 z12 Signal at digital input di1 or di2 Digital inputs di8 t...

Page 215: ...x1 used as signal source is taken to the continuous output linearly between x0 and x100 dependent of configuration With switching output relay or logic switching from x0 to x100 is from 50 hysteresis...

Page 216: ...inearly between x0 and x100 according to configuration Inputs outputs Digital input d1 Input signal with digital signal conversion Analog input x1 Input signal with analog signal conversion Configurat...

Page 217: ...s specified in Mode If analog input x1 is used as signal source switching from x0 to x100 is from 50 hysteresis 1 Inputs outputs Digital input d1 Standard signal with digital signal conversion Analog...

Page 218: ...outputs do1 to do4 Digital outputs do1 to do4 are provided only in units with hardware option B d1 d4 Signal sources for control of digital outputs do5 and do6 Digital outputs do5 and do6 are provided...

Page 219: ...4 LED 4 Parameters Parameter Description Range Default Inv 1 Inv1 0 d1 1 LED1 is lit Inv1 1 d1 0 LED1 is lit 0 1 0 Inv 2 Inv2 0 d2 1 LED2 is lit Inv2 1 d2 0 LED2 is lit 0 1 0 Inv 3 Inv3 0 d3 1 LED3 is...

Page 220: ...output y3 Constant C3 is output y4 Constant C4 is output y5 Constant C5 is output y6 Constant C6 is output y7 Constant C7 is output y8 Constant C8 is output y9 Constant C9 is output y10 Constant C10...

Page 221: ...he information configured in Text 3 is displayed d4 1 r the information configured in Text 4 is displayed d5 1 r the information configured in Text 5 is displayed d6 1 r the information configured in...

Page 222: ...time slot Input Description c hide With c hide 1 a configuration change via operation is disabled p hide 1 parameters configurations via operation disabled m hide 1 The main menu is not displayed oper...

Page 223: ...sponse to any power failure switch S I L switch open 0 closed 1 This information permits blocking via the hardware start With change from offline to online start is 1 during 800 ms During this time al...

Page 224: ...input se lect or of the status received via the interface In the normal case select 0 and status 0 the values applied to the in puts are switched through to the outputs without change For select 1 or...

Page 225: ...rder number are given in the upper line Mounting After releasing the locking screw withdraw the KS98 module from the housing a Insert the module into the required socket with the printed label pointin...

Page 226: ...adrature counter Up down counter 2 x counter a 2 x frequency Connect acc to engineering print out using ET KS 98plus Connector Basic unit Slot 1 block 67 Slot 2 block 68 Slot 3 block 69 Slot 4 block 7...

Page 227: ...1 measurement error at channel a detected e g sensor break fail_b 0 no measurement error at channel b detected 1 measurement error at channel b detected e g sensor break Analog outputs Inp_a r measur...

Page 228: ...1820 C 09 Type D 0 2300 C 10 Voltage 0 30mV 27 Voltage 0 100mV 28 Voltage 0 300mV 29 Standard signal 0 20mA 30 Standard signal 4 20mA 31 Fail_a Fail_b Switched off 0 1 Upscale Inp_a Inp_b x100_a x100_...

Page 229: ...W input a z_b r signal status of HW input b ov_a r1 frequency at HW input a exceeds the maximum permissible 20kHz ov_b r1 frequency at HW input b exceeds the maximum permissible 20kHz Analog outputs I...

Page 230: ...nel a b detected 1 measurement error at channel a b e g sensor break a m_a b Status of manual key r 0 automatic Status of manual key r 1 manual inc_a b 1 rI key pressed dec_a b 1 rD key pressed Analog...

Page 231: ...r 0 160 Ohm 10 Potentiometer 450 Potentiometer 0 450 Ohm 11 Potentiometer 1600 Potentiometer 0 1600 Ohm 12 Potentiometer 4500 Potentiometer 0 4500 Ohm 13 Fail_a Fail_b Switched off 0 1 Upscale Inp_a I...

Page 232: ...error at channel a detected e g sensor break fail_b 0 no measurement error at channel b detected 1 measurement error at channel b detected e g sensor break Analog outputs Inp_a r measured value chann...

Page 233: ...bstitute value Inp_a XaFail 3 Xakorr Measured value correction Inp_a switched off 0 0 Measured value correction Inp_a effective 1 Typ_b Voltage 0 10V 0 0 Voltage 50 1500mV 1 Fail_b Switched off 0 1 Up...

Page 234: ...b r output value for channel b Configuration Description Values Default Typ_a 0 20mA 0 0 4 20mA 1 20mA 2 x0_a Physical value Inp_a at 0 Real 0 x100_a Physical value Inp_a at 100 Real 100 Typ_b 0 20mA...

Page 235: ...100_a Physical value Inp_a at 100 Real 100 Typ_b 0 10V 0 0 2 10V 1 10V 2 x0_b Physical value Inp_b at 0 Real 0 x100_b Physical value Inp_b at 100 Real 100 Digital output slotid 0 correct module fitted...

Page 236: ...red as an output the output value read back Configuration Description Values Default Inv_Ia direct HW input di1 direct at z1 0 0 inverse HW input di1inverted at z1 1 Inv_Ib direct HW input di2 direct...

Page 237: ...ime Memory Time functions LEAD 0 7 0 2 INTE 0 6 0 2 LAG1 0 5 0 1 DELA1 0 9 2 2 DELA2 0 9 2 2 FILT 0 6 0 1 TIMER 0 5 0 2 TIME2 0 5 0 2 Selecting and storage EXTR 0 5 0 2 PEAK 0 3 0 1 TRST 0 3 0 1 SELC...

Page 238: ...s of all required function blocks must be 100 for each time slot 30 3 EEPROM data Data are stored in non volatile EEPROM The manufacturers specify approx 100 000 permissible write read cycles per EEPR...

Page 239: ...mple possi ble alarm acknowledgement via a flipflop is provided Alarms are held in the LED display and the alarm line until ac knowledgment via the VWERT alarms Alarm acknowledgement of 5 alarm bits A...

Page 240: ...r three point stepping controller with position feedback C_V_SPL EDG The position feedback input is defined as a potentiometric transducer which can be calibrated and linked to the con troller with it...

Page 241: ...nt Two additional control outputs for the programmer Cascade controller 96xxx101 edg C9800009edg Master controller Process value input INP5 Process value preprocessing filter and characterizer Trends...

Page 242: ...vanically isolated flow outputs option C Temperature flow alarm monitoring option C Flowcalculator possible without option B and C 96xxx501 edg C9800015 edg Temperature and pressure corrected flow mea...

Page 243: ...ulation time and memory requirement 217 Calibrating 23 Cascadable variable selection 90 CHAR 38 Cleaning 25 Comparison 95 Complete dialog 21 Connecting diagram 17 CONST 200 Constant function 200 Const...

Page 244: ...e 217 Menus 21 MONO 53 Monoflop 53 Mounting 15 MUDI 29 Multiple alarm 97 Multiplication division 29 N Natural logarithm 34 Non linear functions 37 NOT 48 O Online offline 23 Operating modes 23 OR 49 O...

Page 245: ...y voltage 9 Switch _off value 136 143 Switching on and operating pages 22 T Three point controller 158 162 TAN 41 Tangent function 41 Thermocouple 186 Time functions 69 TIME1 56 Timer 56 77 78 TIMER2...

Page 246: ...PMA PMA Proze und Maschinen Automation GmbH P O B 310 229 D 34058 Kassel Germany Printed in Germany 9499 040 50611 01 2009 www pma online de Subject to alterations without notice A4...

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