Glossary
A
A-5
offset error
Same as zero error. The indication shown on a meter when an input value of zero is
applied is its offset or zero error.
parameters
Independent variables in a measurement procedure such as temperature, humidity, test
lead resistance, etc.
power factor
The ratio of actual power used in a circuit, shown in watts, to the power which is
apparently pulled from the source, expressed in volt-amperes.
precision
The precision of a measurement procedure is the coherence, or the closeness to the one
result, of all measurement results. High precision, for example, completes in a tight
pattern of arrow hits on a target, without respect to where on the target the tight pattern
falls.
predictability
A measure of how accurately the output value of a device can be assumed after a known
time after calibration. If a device is highly stable, it is also predictable. If a device is not
highly stable, but its value changes at the same rate each time after calibration, its output
has a higher degree of predictability than a device that exhibits random change.
primary standard
A standard specified and maintained by some authority and used to calibrate all other
secondary standards.
process metrology
When the accuracy drift of calibration and other equipment is monitored with statistical
analysis to correction factors received during calibration.
random error
All errors which can change in an unpredictable manner in absolute value and in sign
when measurements of the same value of a quantity are made under effectively the same
conditions.
range
The stated maximum end of a measurement span of a device. Typically, a measurement
device can measure quantities for a specified percentage overrange. (The absolute span
that includes overrange capability is named “scale.”) In the 5502A, range and scale are
identical.
reference standard
The highest-echelon standard in a laboratory. The standard that is used to maintain
working standards that are used in regular calibration and comparison procedures.
relative uncertainty
5502A uncertainty specifications that exclude the effects of external dividers and
standards, for use when range constants are adjusted. Relative uncertainty includes only
the stability, temperature coefficient, noise, and linearity specifications of the 5502A
itself.
reliability
A measure of the “uptime” of an instrument.
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