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OPERATION
Axioskop 2 / Axioskop 2
MOT
Illumination and contrasting techniques
B 40-075 e 06/98
3-29
3.3.3
Setting of transmitted-light phase contrast
(1)
General principle
The phase contrast technique is ideal for examinations of thin, unstained specimens, e.g. culture cells.
The human eye is unable to see phase differences (differences in refractive index and thickness) between
the different cell components.
The phase contrast technique uses the optical modulators "phase stop and phase ring“ and the
interference procedures during the formation of the intermediate image to change the small phase
differences in intensity and color differences which are visible to the eye.
The high-intensity, direct light components are attenuated using the annular channel optically defined as
"phase stop and phase ring", and a constant phase shift is applied. The indirect light components
diffracted at different cell components, however, by-pass this optical channel and are influenced by the
in-phase refractive index and the thickness differences in the specimen.
In the intermediate image plane, the differently influenced partial beams interfere and are enhanced or
attenuated - depending on the phase position. This interference results in image contents displaying
intensity and color differences which can be recognized by the human eye.
(2)
Configurations of the manual Axioskop 2 and the Axioskop 2
MOT
−
Phase contrast objectives with phase rings Ph 1, Ph 2 or Ph 3 for different average numeric apertures
which can also be used in brightfield without any restriction.
−
Universal condenser with turret disk containing centering phase stops Ph 1, Ph 2 and Ph 3 for
different average numeric apertures.
−
The inserted phase stop on the universal condenser must match the appropriate label on the
objective, e.g. Ph 1.
☞
In the Axioskop 2
MOT
, the allocation of the phase stop in the condenser turret to the relevant
phase contrast objective in the nosepiece is stored after pressing the Set key. This ensures the
combination of phase contrast objective and phase stop always being set correctly.
Summary of Contents for Axioskop 2
Page 1: ...Axioskop 2 Routine Microscope Operating Manual...
Page 14: ...INTRODUCTION Axioskop 2 Axioskop 2 MOT 0 14 B 40 075 e 06 98...
Page 120: ...OPERATION Axioskop 2 Axioskop 2 MOT 3 54 B 40 075 e 06 98...
Page 122: ...CARE MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Axioskop 2 Axioskop 2 MOT 4 2 B 40 075 e 06 98...
Page 132: ...CARE MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Axioskop 2 Axioskop 2 MOT 4 12 B 40 075 e 06 98...
Page 134: ...ANNEX Axioskop 2 Axioskop 2 MOT A 2 B 40 075 e 06 98...