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TriContinent C24000, Product Manual

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Summary of Contents for C24000

Page 1: ...Product Manual C Series Precision Syringe Pumps C3000 C3000MP C24000 C24000MP C3000MP C2400MP Cover page ...

Page 2: ...to be accurate and reliable and is offered as an aid to help in the use of TriContinent products It is the responsibility of the user to determine the suitabil ity of the product for the intended use and the user assumes all risk and liability in connection therewith TriContinent does not warrant guarantee or assume any obligation or liability in connection with this information 8694 12 C ...

Page 3: ...ct overview About this chapter 11 General description 11 Features and facilities 12 Key specifications 13 4 Installation instructions About this chapter 15 Unpacking 15 Before starting 16 Basic requirements 16 Protocol and interface options 17 Obtain and install TCS Pump Commander if needed 18 Download and install USB driver if needed 18 Power and electrical considerations 19 Place or mount pump s...

Page 4: ...36 Command guidelines 37 Command structure 37 Addressing 37 Command syntax 38 Command execution guidelines 39 Execution controls 39 Initializing pumps 40 Initialization sequence 40 Initialization commands 41 Priming syringe and tubing 45 Valve movements 46 Valve selection information 46 Making valve movements 46 Movements for non distribution valves 3 port and 4 port 47 Movements for T valves 3 po...

Page 5: ...ringe 96 Replacing valve 98 7 Troubleshooting About this chapter 99 Performing diagnotic self test 99 Symptoms and solutions 100 Error code listing 101 8 Customer support About this chapter 103 Contacting Customer Service 103 Ordering parts and accessories 104 Warranty and return information 104 9 Reference information About this chapter 105 Pump addressing scheme 106 OEM communication protocol 10...

Page 6: ...eals and valve plugs 126 Calculating flow rates 127 Chemical compatibility chart information 129 Precision and accuracy 131 Overview 131 Important variables 131 Optimizing pump performance 133 Optimizing tubing performance 135 Dual pump continuous flow application 137 Introduction 137 Sequence of operation 137 Tubing hookup 138 Wiring 138 Jumper and address switch settings 138 Programming 139 10Re...

Page 7: ...ers who are familiar with this type of product and existing software firmware of similar design How ever this manual is also designed to accommodate those who don t have such familiarity or who simply wish to learn more about the product Products covered by this manual The following products are covered by this manual C3000 C3000MP C24000 C24000MP These are described in Product overview page 11 Pa...

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Page 9: ...age and or improper function if these instructions are not followed WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in injury and or property damage DANGER Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided can result in death or serious injury and property damage This alert is limited to the most extreme situations ESD precaution CAUTION ESD sensitive equipment Always ...

Page 10: ...bility of the products Regulatory notices FDA The TriContinent C Series Precision Syringe Pumps are general labora tory components Because they are not medical devices they are not subject to FDA approval CE The C Series Precision Syringe Pumps are modular devices intended for incorporation into larger systems which themselves require indepen dent certification Therefore the C Series Precision Syr...

Page 11: ...onics drive and valve The C Series pumps utilize a proprietary high efficiency direct drive design instead of belts that can stretch or wear out The robust drive mechanism has been life tested to several million cycles with no maintenance required during its lifetime These pumps are excellent choices for new installations and for replacements where experienced IVD instrument manufacturers would li...

Page 12: ...chieves full syringe resolution to 192 000 increments full stroke The C24000 is ideal for achieving low flow rate and low pulsation requirements The C24000 supports valves with 3 or 4 ports C24000MP C24000 Multiport This model has all the features of the C24000 but is designed to support a 6 way distribution valve Features and facilities Each pump provides two digital inputs and three outputs that...

Page 13: ...ity None Stop Bit 1 half duplex Operating Temperature 15 C to 40 C 59 F to 104 F Humidity 20 to 95 RH at 40 C 104 F More detailed specifications can be seen at http www tricontinent com Product data sheets can be downloaded from this location Communication power Digital IO D sub15 pin Connector Address Switch LED Indicators Valve Syringe Configuration Jumper Additional jumper underneath provides c...

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Page 15: ...ake electrical connections page 24 Confirm communication with pump page 29 Initialize pump page 30 Install syringe page 33 Connect tubing page 34 Unpacking CAUTION Always use proper ESD practices when handling the C Series Precision Syringe Pumps 1 Remove items from shipping carton 2 Check the contents against the packing slip to make sure that all the components are present If any components are ...

Page 16: ...needed Computer Windows based to serve as the Host Controller If you are going to use the USB port of your host computer to connect to the C Series pump you will need a USB to RS485 converter which can be ordered through TriContinent Customer Service A software interface for communicating with the pump or pumps For evaluation purposes the TCS Pump Commander user interface is recommended See Obtain...

Page 17: ...Y and RealTerm may be used Customer Service can provide assistance in obtaining these if necessary Table 4 1 Protocol and interface summary Hardware electrical interface Communication protocols standards Comments Connection RS232 and RS485 DT or OEM protocol DT is recommended for use with terminal emulator programs DT is automatically selected when TCS Pump Commander is used OEM is recommended for...

Page 18: ...ownload the USB driver for your system http www silabs com products development tools software usb to uart bridge vcp drivers This takes you to a web page of Silicon Labs where the USB drivers for various systems are listed Note It is possible for the link above to change If this occurs contact Customer Service for assistance or search elsewhere on the Silicon Labs website for the USB drivers 2 Cl...

Page 19: ...may be used The minimum power supply rating should be confirmed by measurement It is suggested that an appropriately designed commercial power supply be used When using a switching power supply make sure it has a mini mum load specification that is less than the total minimum current draw idle current above from the pumps Cabling To reduce voltage drops and increase noise immunity it is good pract...

Page 20: ...ctly for your situation before securing the pump on a surface Proper termina tions are indicated in Install communication power cabling page 25 Mounting The pumps may be secured at the top bottom or either side by four pre threaded M3 X 0 5mm mounting holes Refer to Figure 4 3 for mounting hole locations and dimensions The upright position is used for best priming For air displacement appli cation...

Page 21: ... 200 5 1 300 7 6 4 400 111 8 160 4 0 85 21 6 4 2 106 7 5 3 134 6 1 05 26 6 4 400 111 8 875 22 2 300 7 6 603 15 3 200 5 1 183 4 6 1 384 35 1 BOTTOM SIDES TOP REAR All mounting holes are M3 X 0 5mm X 6 3 mm deep min All dimensions unless otherwise specified XXX 008 02 mm millimeters shown in brackets 4 holes both sides for total of 8 holes 4 holes 4 holes ...

Page 22: ...n this segment at factory 2 AutoRun Installed AutoRun1 Remove if unused Recommend removing until operation has been con firmed AutoRun executes string in EEPROM at power up 3 Overload detection Installed disabled 4 RS232 485 communica tion rate Installed 38 400 baud Removed 9600 baud 5 Valve type in use Installed 120 3 port valves Removed 90 4 port valves and all other valve types2 1 At power up i...

Page 23: ...ration jumpers and address switch Address Switch REAR VIEW BOTTOM VIEW AutoRun Overload Detection Valve Type Baud Rate Not used RS 485A RS 485B CAN 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 J2 J9 Do not plug or unplug DB 15 connector with power applied or damage may result Installed disabled Installed AutoRun Installed 38 400 baud Removed 9600 baud Installed 120 3 port valve Removed All other valve types Jumper installed t...

Page 24: ...TYCO Plastic cover shield with male screw retainers 5207908 4 Table 4 5 Pin assignments for J3 Pin Function Details 1 24 VDC 24 VDC nominal 10 1 5A peak 2 RS232 TxD line Output data from host 3 RS232 RxD line Input data to host 4 Not used 5 CAN HI signal line 6 CAN LO signal line 7 AUX Input 1 TTL level 4 7K pullup to 5V 8 AUX Input 2 TTL level 4 7K pullup to 5V 9 Ground Power and logic 10 Ground ...

Page 25: ... show con nections address switch settings and termination jumper positions Cabling a single pump For single pump installations refer to the cabling diagrams and follow the instructions for single pump installations in the diagrams Note Terminations must remain installed on the pump CAUTION Make sure power is off while making connections to DB15 connector J3 Connecting or disconnecting with power ...

Page 26: ...Supply 24VDC RXD TXD GND Host Serial Port Pump Port J3 Function DB9 Pin Function J3 Pin TXD 2 RXD 2 RXD 3 TXD 3 GND 5 GND 10 24V Ground 24V 24V Ground Ground RS 485A RS 485B Single pump Installations Make input and power connections as shown for Device 1 Leave RS485 termination jumpers installed Power to next device Power from previous device 24V Gnd 24V Gnd Power Cabling Recommendations Cables 24...

Page 27: ... E D C B A 9 Power Supply 24VDC 24V Ground 24V 24V Ground Ground RS 485A RS 485A RS 485B RS 485B Single pump Installations Make input and power connections as shown for Device 1 Leave RS485 termination jumpers installed Power to next device Power from previous device 24V Gnd 24V Gnd Power Cabling Recommendations Cables 24 AWG or heavier as short as practical Use one power cable for every two pumps...

Page 28: ... not place switches in line with the DC input of the pumps to apply and remove power Power Supply 24VDC 24V Ground 24V 24V Ground Ground CAN HI CAN HI CAN LO CAN LO Single pump Installations Make input and power connections as shown for Device 1 Leave CAN termination jumper installed Power to next device Power from previous device 24V Gnd 24V Gnd Power Cabling Recommendations Cables 24 AWG or heav...

Page 29: ... Commander If not press the Setup Communication button on the right side of the screen 2 Select COM port If there is only one COM port showing close the Pump Communica tion Setup window Unplug the communication cable to the pump and plug it back in Open the window again and select the new COM port that appears 3 Select the Baud Rate and Device Address position of address switch on pump plus 1 Note...

Page 30: ...s command string requests the firmware version of the pump The response format is C3000 MMDDYY for both the C3000 and C24000 models Example C3000 052914 where 052914 represents the date of the firmware This confirms communication with the pump has been established If instead you receive an error message re check your communica tion settings within the communication interface the COM port selection...

Page 31: ...pump is ready to accept commands Initialize with terminal emulation programs 1 Issue the Z command An example would be 1ZR where 1 rep resents the address of the pump Address Switch setting plus 1 2 Observe pump The plunger arm holder should move and the valve will turn Most of the LEDs at the top of the pump should be lit The ERR LED will be off and the LIFE LED will be blinking slowly 3 Issue a ...

Page 32: ...B if blinking LED Function Normal Typical State 24 24 VDC Supply ON 5 5 VDC Regulator ON LIFE Processor heartbeat Blink slowly ERR Error HOME Top of stroke sensor ON at top of stroke ENC Linear encoder sensor Blinks as plunger moves SOL Solenoid output ON OUT1 Auxiliary output 1 ON OFF if output set OUT2 Auxiliary output 2 ON OFF if output set OUT3 Auxiliary output 3 ON OFF if output set VAL1 Valv...

Page 33: ... Syringe to ensure the length is short enough to fit into the available space CAUTION Do not overtighten the Syringe or fittings This can cause damage to the Syringe and Valve which can lead to leakage and reduced life Follow directions carefully Do not use Teflon tape on Syringe or fitting threads All Syringe port seals are face seals not thread sealing Use of Teflon tape can lead to Valve damage...

Page 34: ...to your instrument design and the tubing supplier s instructions Note If more information is needed about valve port options refer to Valve Positioning and the associated illustrations in Chapter 5 Operating instruc tions page 35 The following application information may also be helpful Optimizing pump performance page 133 Optimizing tubing performance page 135 Precision and accuracy page 131 Valv...

Page 35: ...rate the C Series pumps once the fol lowing have been done described in the previous chapter Physical and electrical installation has been completed Tubing has been installed and connections with fluid have been made This chapter includes About this chapter page 35 Operation overview page 36 Interface requirements review page 36 Command guidelines page 37 Initializing pumps page 40 Priming syringe...

Page 36: ...ards The C Series Precision Syringe Pumps use the following communication stan dards RS232 RS485 CAN CAN is a unique communication standard with a unique protocol Communica tion protocols and standards are described in detail in Chapter 9 Reference information page 105 RS232 485 protocols Two communication protocols are available for RS232 485 OEM communications protocol Data Terminal DT protocol ...

Page 37: ...2A3000R This example uses DT protocol Breakdown Addressing As part of the communications protocol every command string must begin with an address for the intended pump s Example 2A3000R where 2 is the device address This example uses DT protocol The pump address corresponds to the address switch setting on the pump plus one There are sixteen possible addresses on the bus When using RS232 RS485 pro...

Page 38: ...argument For example A n represents the A absolute move command and operand argument The argument must be a value within the valid operand range 0 6000 Valid operand range of numerical argument n Default argument if no argument is included in command when issued n Power up default value Note If only a power up default value is shown for an argument both default values are the same If no default va...

Page 39: ...pleted If a new command is issued while the pump is busy a command overflow error code will be issued and the command string will be ignored Exceptions to this rule include the T terminate V top velocity and most report commands The busy idle status is determined by polling the pump with the Q com mand When a command is sent the pump answers immediately except in multi address mode If an invalid c...

Page 40: ... for that particular valve On power up the C Series automatically homes the valve motor This feature can be disabled if desired Initialization sequence The typical initialization sequence in response to the Z or Y command is as follows 1 Valve is homed to output right position with the Z command or output left with the Y command 2 Syringe motor speed and stall force are set by Z or Y arguments 3 I...

Page 41: ...ed from the standard initializa tion speeds Slower initialization speeds may be useful when working with viscous fluids or small I D inner diameter tubing n1 0 40 Plunger stall force and speed n2 0 X Set the initialization input port on distribution valves numbered clockwise from syringe port X number of ports Ignored for non distribution valves n3 0 X Set the initialization output port on distrib...

Page 42: ...n port to a non default port X number of ports on the valve n3 options Description 0 Set the output initialization port to X default 1 X Set the output initialization port to a non default port X number of ports on the valve n1 0 40 Plunger stall force and speed n2 0 X Set the initialization input port on distribution valves numbered counter clockwise from syringe port X number of ports n3 0 X Set...

Page 43: ...w n1 n2 The w command initializes the valve drive only Argument n1 options Argument n2 options For n1 and n2 to be valid a distribution valve must be configured For a 3 way valve U11 must be issued to configure appropriately If the pump is configured for a non distribution valve arguments n1 and n2 are ignored n2 options Description 0 Set the input initialization port to 1 default 1 X Set the inpu...

Page 44: ... previous pages Note Each time the unit is powered down the k value returns to the power up default setting Perform simulated plunger initialization z n The z command simulates an initialization of the pump however no mechanical movement of either the plunger or valve occurs The position counter is set to n which becomes home for the plunger Arguments for C3000 C3000MP Arguments for C24000 C24000M...

Page 45: ...r pushing up to minimum position A0 OA0 repeat 3 times G3 The number of cycles depends on the syringe size and internal volumes of the inlet and outlet tubing connected to the pump Smaller syringes can be harder to prime due to lower fluid velocity and require more strokes 2 Observe for bubbles If any are observed run the priming sequence again perhaps specifying more cycles with the G command Che...

Page 46: ...how to make valve movements with the variety of valves available for the C Series Precision Syringe Pumps Table 5 6 Valve selection guide Valve Type Catalog Number Material Body Plug EEPROM Configuration Command1 Reference Figure Comments 3 port 120 Y valve 10020 10021 10022 10023 PEEK UHMWPE PEEK PTFE PCTFE UHMWPE PCTFE PTFE U1 5 10 Valve jumper2 installed 4 port 90 valve 10040 10041 10042 10043 ...

Page 47: ...n can be either to the right or to the left depending on the Z or Y ini tialization commands For example After Z initialization sets output to right port After Y initialization sets output to left port Move valve to bypass position 3 port 120 Y valve only B The B command connects the input and output positions bypassing the syringe Please see note below Connect flush port to inlet port 4 port 90 v...

Page 48: ...commands using Y initialization I valve command sets input to the left O valve command sets output to the right B valve command bypasses input to output O valve command sets output to the left I valve command sets input to the right B valve command bypasses input to output Syringe port located at bottom of valve Jumper installed for 120 valve ...

Page 49: ...alve command sets syringe output to the right B valve command connects flush port to inlet on left O valve command sets syringe output to the left E valve command connects flush port to output on right E valve command connects flush port to output on left B valve command connects flush port to Inlet on right I valve command sets syringe input to the right Syringe port located at bottom of valve Ju...

Page 50: ...ve valve to output position O The O command moves the valve to the output position The output posi tion can be either to the left or the right depending on the Z or Y initial ization commands After Z initialization sets output to right port After Y initialization sets output to left port On the 4 Port T valve the top port is also connected Move valve to bypass position B The B command connects the...

Page 51: ...t also connected B valve command connects Input output and syringe O valve command sets output to the left On 4 port valve top port also connected I valve command sets input to the right On 4 port valve top port also connected B valve command connects input output and syringe E valve command connects input to output On 4 port valve top port also connected E valve command connects input to output O...

Page 52: ...rt or the right port depending on Z or Y initialization The positioning is opposite that of the O command After Z initialization connects syringe to left port After Y initialization connects syringe to right port Set syringe to right left port O The O command sets the syringe to either the right port or the left port depending on Z or Y initialization The positioning is opposite that of the I comm...

Page 53: ...e to the left port O valve command connects syringe to the right port E valve command connects syringe to the top port 3 way distribution commands using Y initialization E valve command connects syringe to the top port O valve command connects syringe to the left port I valve command connects syringe to the right port Syringe port located at bottom of valve Jumper removed for 90 valve ...

Page 54: ...vement is the same regardless of Z or Y initialization Move valve counterclockwise to specific distribution port O n The O n command moves the distribution valve to the port n in a counterclockwise motion Example O3 moves valve to distribution port 3 Movement is the same regardless of Z or Y initialization CAUTION Due to the smaller internal port diameters of the 6 way distribution valve it is rec...

Page 55: ...itialization 3 way distribution commands using Y initialization I 1 or O 1 connects syringe to port 1 I 1 or O 1 connects syringe to port 1 3 2 1 O 2 or I 2 connects syringe to port 2 O 2 or I 2 connects syringe to port 2 I 3 or O 3 connects syringe to port 3 O 3 or I 3 connects syringe to port 3 I CW rotation O CCW rotation Jumper removed for 90 valve 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 ...

Page 56: ...ects syringe to port 2 1 2 6 3 4 5 I 3 or O 3 connects syringe to port 3 1 2 6 3 4 5 I 4 or O 4 connects syringe to port 4 1 2 6 3 4 5 I 5 or O 5 connects syringe to port 5 1 2 6 3 4 5 I 6 or O 6 connects syringe to port 6 I 1 or O 1 connects syringe to port 1 I 2 or O 2 connects syringe to port 2 I 3 or O 3 connects syringe to port 3 I 4 or O 4 connects syringe to port 4 I 5 or O 5 connects syrin...

Page 57: ... sent first After Z initialization connects left port to syringe and top port to right port After Y initialization connects top port to right port and left port to syringe Move loop to extra port E The E command moves the valve to the extra position The extra position is the same for either the Z or Y initialization command Connects left port to top port and right port to syringe Move loop to outp...

Page 58: ... to syringe B valve command connects right port to syringe and left port to top port B valve command connects right port to syringe and left port to top port E valve command connects left port to top port and right port to syringe I valve command connects top port to right port and left port to syringe E valve command connects left port to top port and right port to syringe O valve command connect...

Page 59: ...ent is the smallest available plunger movement and indicates the available positioning resolution The size of an increment will vary with the pump model and with the setting of the N command refer to Set plunger resolution increment mode N page 60 The incre ments in the higher resolution mode are sometimes referred to as micro increments Converting increments to volume resolution To convert increm...

Page 60: ...crement mode for both positioning and velocity 0 Power up default Increment Mode Increments full stroke C3000 C3000MP Increments full stroke C24000 C24000MP N0 3 000 increments 24 000 increments N1 24 000 8 3 000 192 000 8 24 000 N2 24 000 8 3 000 192 000 8 24 000 Note Changing between N0 or N1 mode and N2 mode does not automatically scale the existing velocity and acceleration settings to maintai...

Page 61: ...MP For example The syringe plunger is at position 0 The command P300 moves the plunger down 300 increments A subsequent P600 command moves the plunger down 600 additional increments to an absolute position of 900 The P command will return an invalid operand error error 3 if the final plunger position is greater than 3000 24000 in N1 or N2 mode for the C3000 C3000MP Make relative pickup aspirate mo...

Page 62: ...r up 300 increments to an absolute position of 2700 The D command will return an invalid operand error error 3 if the final plunger position would be less than 0 Make relative dispense not busy d n This is the same as the D command except that the status bit of the reply string and any subsequent query Q commands indicates that the pump is not busy n 0 3000 increments in N0 mode n 0 24000 incremen...

Page 63: ...e Cutoff command c can be used to define the end velocity of the plunger just before it stops For each plunger move the firmware calculates how many increments the plunger must travel during each phase in order to move the total number of increments commanded The top velocity can be changed on the fly while the plunger is moving using the V command When the move completes the speed value reverts b...

Page 64: ...rresponding acceleration deceleration values n 1 20 slope code see table below 14 power up default Slope code N0 or N1 mode increments sec 2 N2 mode micro increments sec 2 1 2 500 20 000 2 5 000 40 000 3 7 500 60 000 4 10 000 80 000 5 12 500 100 000 6 15 000 120 000 7 17 500 140 000 8 20 000 160 000 9 22 500 180 000 10 25 000 200 000 11 27 500 220 000 12 30 000 240 000 13 32 500 260 000 14 35 000 ...

Page 65: ...ed changes greater than 2000 will result in an invalid operand error error 3 If the cutoff velocity c is higher than the desired top velocity V the cut off velocity c is changed to equal the top velocity V The c cutoff velocity does not revert back to its original value when the top velocity V is changed back For assistance in selecting the most appropriate top velocity refer to Calculating flow r...

Page 66: ...rammed slope toward the cutoff velocity c When the cutoff increments C are specified the plunger stops at n increments before reaching the cutoff velocity The total number of increments required by the plunger movement is maintained by adding n increments to the second phase top velocity of the plunger move Arguments For example C5 stops the plunger five increments short of the final veloc ity The...

Page 67: ...The speed code is not affected by the N command but the increments are as shown below The physical speed and thus the flow rate stays the same n 0 40 speed code see table below 11 power up default Table 5 7 Defined Speed codes Speed Code S n N0 or N1 mode increments sec N2 mode micro increments sec Speed Code S n N0 or N1 mode increments sec N2 mode micro increments sec 0 6 000 48 000 21 160 1 280...

Page 68: ...ensated To provide this compensation during aspiration the plunger moves down additional increments then backs up the set number of back lash increments This ensures that the plunger is in the correct position to begin a dispense move Note A small volume of fluid will flow out the input side of the valve during this operation n 0 100 increments 10 default argument C3000 C3000MP 80 default argument...

Page 69: ...sition ppppn Arguments Arguments for C3000 C3000MP Arguments for C24000 C24000MP n 0 7 see table below 0 default argument 0 power up default n options Output 3 pin 15 1 1 0 low Gnd 1 high 5VDC Output 2 pin 14 Output 1 pin 13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 4 1 0 0 5 1 0 1 6 1 1 0 7 1 1 1 pppp See below Position value where auxiliary outputs will be set when the syringe position is less than or equ...

Page 70: ...m n Note For factory use only Sets the syringe motor run or moving current to the value n specified in percent of maximum On power up this value is overwritten to the factory set default value Arguments J0 Set all 3 auxiliary outputs low I Move valve to input position A3000 Aspirate move syringe down to bottom of stroke j5007 Set all 3 auxiliary outputs high binary equivalent of the number 7 when ...

Page 71: ... repeat the program string that was previously executed Execute the last command string X Repeats the last executed command string Note Strings that contain looping commands g and G are not valid when using X Repeat command sequence or loop G n This command repeats a command or program string the specified number of times The G command can be specified to repeat up to 30 000 times The G command ca...

Page 72: ... string and wait for a specified condition Arguments To resume execution an R command or TTL signal must be sent Two TTL inputs are available Input 1 JP3 pin 7 and Input 2 JP3 pin 8 Note Both inputs are pulled up to 5V The status of the TTL input lines can be read using 13 and 14 The response of the H command to the TTL inputs can be configured using the EEPROM u16 command See details below A0 Mov...

Page 73: ...ntinuously for at least X milliseconds before a low transition can be recognized Upon transition from high to low falling edge the input must remain low contin uously for X milliseconds before the string will resume operation The auxiliary input debounce only functions if a specific input is selected That is it is only valid using H 1 or H 2 It has no effect if using H 0 Terminate an executing str...

Page 74: ...executed Thus the pump will aspirate dispense cycle 1000 increments If none of the above states of Input 2 and Input 1 are realized e3 will be exe cuted The pump will aspirate dispense cycle a full stroke 3000 increments Note Using the e command in a string will force a jump to the specified string It will not automatically return to the departure point once the jumped to string has completed The ...

Page 75: ...ion aspirate A50 Move syringe to position 50 O Valve to output position dispense A0 Move syringe to position 0 G0 Loop back to g run continuously until terminated R Run command string s2 Store following in EEPROM location 2 g Start loop I Valve to input position aspirate A1000 Move syringe to position 1000 O Valve to output position dispense A0 Move syringe to position 0 G0 Loop back to g run cont...

Page 76: ...tics using the U and u commands However this is generally considered to be a factory only feature Store program string in EEPROM s n The s command stores a program string to one of 15 EEPROM locations providing the user with the option of computer free stand alone operation Argument The s command is placed at the beginning of a program string to load the string into EEPROM Example s2IA3000OA0R loa...

Page 77: ... the rotary address switch on the back of the pump is set to 0 s0 will run automatically If the rotary switch is set to 1 s1 will run automatically Note An initialization command is required in a stored command string intended for standalone AutoRun use Table 5 8 shows the relationship between the strings stored with s n and the address switch settings Table 5 8 Address switch setting vs stored st...

Page 78: ...nses are triggered by the proper auxiliary input or an R command This sequence is repeated endlessly until the pump is powered down If the AutoRun jumper is installed and the address switch is set correctly on power up the pump will automatically initialize prime and perform the mul tiple dispenses until it is again powered down Note When linking program strings a jumped to string will not automat...

Page 79: ...ved 3 Reserved for future use 4 3 way distribution valve that uses I O B and E commands 5 3 port and 4 port T valves 7 6 way distribution valve 8 Reserved for future use 9 4 port loop valve 11 3 way distribution valves that use I n and O n commands 30 Enable AutoRun mode This setting performs the same function as the AutoRun jumper on the back of the pump Note If the AutoRun jumper is installed it...

Page 80: ...P factory default u1_XXX Motor hold current 0 100 of max 10 10 u2_XXX Motor run current 0 100 of max 75 50 u3_XXX Default V max and initialization speed in 100 increments sec 1 60 14 56 u4_XXX Plunger stroke in increments 100 62 248 u5_X 0 Don t auto initialize valve 1 Automatically initialize valve on power up 2 No valve circuitry installed on PCB 1 1 u6_X CAN baud rate 0 CAN bus disabled 1 100K ...

Page 81: ...n the back of the pump If the AutoRun jumper is installed it will override the EEPROM setting 0 0 u14_X X number of ports on a distribution valve X 0 Non distribution valve 0 0 u15_X X 0 standard lead screw pitch X 1 1 mm lead screw pitch 4X increment resolution X 2 2 mm lead screw pitch 2X increment resolution 0 1 u16_X De bounce delay for trigger inputs in ms Valid arguments are 1 50 After the H...

Page 82: ...tore them in EEPROM These values can be read back using the 21 report command Table 5 11 Example full stroke variations based on u command selections Configuration Full stroke normal mode N0 Full stroke N1 or N2 mode C3000 C3000MP Set to step mode default settings u4_62 u12_0 u15_0 3 000 24 000 C3000 C3000MP Set to half step mode u4_62 u12_1 u15_0 6 000 48 000 C24000 C24000MP 1 mm lead screw pitch...

Page 83: ... number 1 X where X is the number of ports 7 Reports acceleration slope set using the L command in units of 1 000 increments sec 2 increments as defined by N mode setting 10 or F Reports command buffer status If the buffer is empty the pump returns status code 0 If the buffer is not empty the pump returns a 1 If a pro gram string is sent to the pump without an R command the string is loaded into t...

Page 84: ...OM location 0 31 s1 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 1 32 s2 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 2 33 s3 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 3 34 s4 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 4 35 s5 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 5 36 s6 string Reports command string stored in EEPROM location 6 37...

Page 85: ...ns a status bit it should not be used for determining pump status A Q command is the only valid method to determine if the pump is busy The error information in the status byte of the answer block is always valid Error codes bits 0 3 Error codes describe problem conditions that may be detected when oper ating the C Series Precision Syringe Pumps The error codes are listed in Table 5 13 page 87 Err...

Page 86: ...esponse to the Q command The pump must be reinitialized until the Q command indicates successful initialization If the response indicates both a successful initialization and that the pump is ready subsequent move commands can be sent If initialization is not successful or if any plunger move command is sent prior to an initialization command a device not initialized error error 7 is returned in r...

Page 87: ... 0 1 45h 65h E e 5 Unused 0 1 X 0 0 1 1 0 46h 66h F f 6 EEPROM failure 0 1 X 0 0 1 1 1 47h 67h G g 7 Device not initialized 0 1 X 0 1 0 0 0 48h 68h H h 8 CAN bus failure 0 1 X 0 1 0 0 1 49h 69h I i 9 Plunger overload 0 1 X 0 1 0 1 0 4Ah 6Ah J j 10 Valve overload 0 1 X 0 1 0 1 1 4Bh 6Bh K k 11 Plunger move not allowed 0 1 X 0 1 1 1 1 4Fh 6Fh O o 15 Command overflow A4000R Since 4000 is greater than...

Page 88: ...tional commands The following commands have been included in the C Series command set to make the pump backward compatible with other pumps These com mands are non functional Set threshold value for fluid detection n Always returns 255 Clear run from EEPROM b ...

Page 89: ...0 Repeat command sequence loop Number of loops to repeat 0 Loop forever g N A N A Mark the start of a repeat sequence loop M n 0 30000 0 Delay command execution Milliseconds H n 0 2 0 Halt command execution 0 Wait for R or either input 1 or 2 to go low 1 Wait for R or input 1 to go low 2 Wait for R or input 2 to go low T N A N A Terminate command Initialization commands Z n1 n2 n3 0 40 0 X 0 X 0 0...

Page 90: ...p not busy D n 0 Relative dispense d n 0 Relative dispense not busy Valve commands I N A N A Move valve to input position O N A N A Move valve to output position B N A N A Move valve to bypass position E N A N A Move valve to extra position Valid for 4 position valves only Set commands K n 0 100 10 80 10 80 Set backlash increments L n 1 20 N0 N1 8 160 N2 14 Set acceleration deceleration slope Slop...

Page 91: ...10 Set motor hold current in of max For factory use only m n 0 100 75 50 Set motor run current in of max For factory use only n 0 255 Non functional command always returns 255 b N A N A Non functional command EEPROM commands s n 0 14 Load program string into specified EEPROM location e n 0 14 Execute EEPROM string U Set pump configuration parameters u 1 16 Set system configuration parameter into E...

Page 92: ...irmware checksum same as 21 N A N A Reports calibrate encoder levels 22 N A N A Non functional will always return 255 Non functional command to maintain backward firmware compatibility 23 N A N A Reports firmware version same as 24 N A N A Reports syringe gap volume as set by the k command 25 N A N A Reports motor hold current in of max 26 N A N A Reports motor run current in of max 27 N A N A Rep...

Page 93: ...eports firmware checksum same as 20 RZ N A N A Reports absolute plunger position same as RV N A N A Reports firmware version same as 23 N A N A Reports number of valve movements since last report same as 18 Table 5 14 RS232 RS485 command summary continued Command Operand n range C24000 C24000MP only Default 0perand Power up default Command description Operand description ...

Page 94: ... 4 2 N A Same as report command 0 3 N A Reports valve position like 6 4 N A Reports top velocity like 2 6 N A Reports start velocity like 1 7 N A Reports cutoff velocity like 3 10 N A Reports buffer status like F 12 N A Reports backlash increments like 12 13 N A Reports input 1 status like 13 14 N A Reports input 2 status like 14 15 N A Non functional will always report 1 16 N A Non functional wil...

Page 95: ...omments Daily Inspect syringe seals and valves for leaks and proper operation Look for fluid dripping from the fittings syringe port or syringe seal Also look for air bubbles in the syringe which would indicate leaking at these interfaces Replace as required Daily Inspect tubing fittings for leaks Tighten or replace as required Daily Inspect for any fluid or material on outside of pump Clean as re...

Page 96: ...he plunger 5 Remove the Syringe with Plunger from Syringe Plunger Arm Holder 6 To install the replacement Syringe follow the steps in Install new syringe below Install new syringe Note The C24000 pumps must be initialized before the syringe can be installed This is because these pumps cannot be moved manually For C24000 pumps first go to Initialize pump page 30 and return to this procedure after i...

Page 97: ...ld the Syringe by the knurled portion when screwing it into the Valve 4 Tighten the Syringe until it bottoms in the Valve then tighten another 1 4 turn this roughly corresponds to 16 oz in If a more secure installation is needed loosen the Syringe and repeat the process approximately 24 hours later The maximum torque specification is 21 oz in 5 Pull the Plunger down and fully seat it into the Syri...

Page 98: ...he syringe To remove the valve 1 Remove syringe as described on page 96 2 Disconnect the tubing from the valve 3 Remove the two valve screws used to secure the valve to the panel 4 Remove the valve from the pump by pulling directly away from the pump s front face To install the new valve 1 Align internal valve D slot with the flat on the motor shaft 2 Gently push and rotate the valve into the corr...

Page 99: ... Performing diagnotic self test During the self test the pump initializes then cycles repeatedly through a series of plunger movements If an error condition occurs the pump stops moving To perform the self test 1 Turn power off 2 Turn the address switch to the F position 3 Install the AutoRun jumper on J2 For location of the AutoRun jumper see Figure 4 4 page 23 4 Turn power on 5 If errors are exp...

Page 100: ...Verify proper baud rate setting is selected See Configuration jumpers page 22 and CAN baud rate page 23 and Table 5 9 page 79 Verify that execute command R is being sent at end of command strings Pump does not complete initialization command Syringe not installed correctly and obstructs motion Verify pump initializes without syringe installed Reinstall syringe See Replacing syringe page 96 Damaged...

Page 101: ...d Initialization command not sent before using the pump Initialize the pump Pump failed previous initialization com mand See Pump does not complete initial ization command in Table 7 17 8 NA CAN bus failure Cabling issue Verify cables and that all connectors are fully seated See Cabling page 19 Incorrect communication rate Verify communication rate settings match on pump and host computer See Set ...

Page 102: ...55 characters Reduce length of command string Host computer sends command before pump is ready pump may be busy execut ing another command Before sending verify pump is ready by polling with the Q command Table 7 18 Error Codes continued Error Code Error LED pattern Error Error name possible cause Corrective Action ...

Page 103: ... by contacting us at any of the following locations Americas 12740 Earhart Avenue Auburn CA 95602 USA Tel 1 530 273 8888 Fax 1 530 273 2586 LiquidHandling TCS gardnerdenver com Europe Livry Gargan Str 10 Fürstenfeldbruck nearby Munich 82256 Germany Tel 49 8141 2280 0 Fax 49 8141 8892136 thomas de gardnerdenver com Asia Pacific Gardner Denver Hong Kong Limited Unit 1317 1318 Delta House 3 On Yiu St...

Page 104: ...s to associated drivers etc as appropriate To order parts and accessories contact TriContinent using any of the methods listed on the previous page Warranty and return information C Series Precision Syringe Pumps are warranted against manufacturing defects for a period of one year For detailed warranty and return instruction please go the product page for C Series Precision Syringe Pumps at www tr...

Page 105: ...page 106 OEM communication protocol page 107 Data Terminal DT protocol page 111 CAN interface communications page 113 TCS Pump Commander quick reference guide page 123 PTFE vs UHMWPE for syringe seals and valve plugs page 126 Calculating flow rates page 127 Chemical compatibility chart information page 129 Precision and accuracy page 131 Optimizing pump performance page 133 Optimizing tubing perfo...

Page 106: ...on all pumps Afterwards each pump can be addressed individually using 31h through 40h Table 9 1 Hexadecimal addressing scheme RS232 485 and CAN Address hex Device RS232 RS485 CAN 30 0 Master address master controller host personal com puter etc 31 3F 1 F Addresses single device 41 4F N A Addresses two devices at a time dual device 51 5D N A Addresses four devices at a time quad device 5F N A Addre...

Page 107: ...ecksum char acter after ETX as the end of the answer block SYNC FFh Used for backward compatibility with older model pumps STX Ctrl B or 02h The STX character indicates the beginning of a command string Table 9 3 OEM Protocol communication details Parameter Setting Character Format Baud Rate 9600 or 38400 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bit 1 Command Block see OEM protocol command block characters fo...

Page 108: ...n option the sequence number can be set to a fixed value of 1 31h The following two scenarios clarify this error detection mechanism Scenario 1 1 The computer sends a command block stamped with sequence number 1 to the pump 2 The pump receives the command sends an acknowledgment to the PC and executes it 3 Transmission of the acknowledgment message is imperfect the PC does not receive it 4 The PC ...

Page 109: ...t byte is constructed as follows REP Value is 0 for non repeated command 1 for repeated SQ0 SQ2 Sequence value as shown below Data block length n bytes The data block consists of an ASCII string of data or commands sent to the pump or host Certain commands Q for example have a data block length of 0 That is no data string exists ETX Ctrl C or 03h The ETX character indicates the end of the command ...

Page 110: ...r condi tions For a complete listing of error codes see the instructions for the particular pump Data block length n bytes This is the response from all report commands except the Q command ETX Ctrl C or 03h The ETX character indicates the end of the response string Checksum The checksum is the last byte of the message string All bytes excluding line synchronization and checksums are XORed to form...

Page 111: ...beginning of a message Pump address The pump address is an ASCII character specific to each pump Table 9 4 DT Protocol communication details Parameter Setting Character Format Baud Rate 9600 or 38400 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bit 1 Command block see DT protocol command block characters below for details 1 Start character ASCII or 2Fh 2 Pump address 2 n Data block length n 3 n End character carr...

Page 112: ...aracter ASCII or hex 2Fh indicates the beginning of the response Master address The master address is the address of the host system This should always be 0 or 30h Status character The status and error codes define pump status and signal error condi tions See the description of the Q command in the main part of the product manual Data block This is the response from all report commands with the ex...

Page 113: ...essage identifier MID and within the control field a 4 bit data length identifier The eleven MID bits are used to Indicate which device on the bus the message involves Identify the message type Show the direction of the message either to or from the master device The 4 bit data length identifier within the control field represents the length of the data block Data blocks can be from zero to eight ...

Page 114: ...evice address bits 4 The device address bits specify the address of the pump in the indicated group There can be up to 16 devices in the group with addresses from 0 to 15 Expressed in binary these would be b0000 through b1111 In hexa decimal they would be 0h through 0Fh CAN arbitration field CAN control field CAN data block MID RTR IDE r0 Data Length DLC Direction Group Device Frame X 010 XXXX XXX...

Page 115: ...e sent in ASCII just as in RS 232 or RS 485 CAN frame bits 3 and frame types The frame type specified by the three bits in the Frame portion of the MID allows a device to know what type of command is coming in and CAN arbitration field CAN control field CAN data block MID RTR IDE r0 Data Length DLC Direction Group Device Frame X 010 XXXX XXX 0 0 0 XXXX 0 8 bytes CAN arbitration field CAN control f...

Page 116: ...s 010 This frame type is used for commands that are common to every device on the bus The command is a single ASCII character in the data block The ASCII command characters with hexadecimal equivalents are described below Type 3 Multi frame start message Frame bits 011 This frame type lets the pump know that the next message will be longer than the 8 byte maximum for each frame Subsequent frames w...

Page 117: ... frame type 2 command 0 the pump notifies the host of this condition by sending a boot request message at intervals of 10 12 seconds until it receives a boot request response The group number is 1 for the boot request message The frame type is 2 when the pump sends messages to the host and the frame type must be 0 when the host replies to the boot request Example 1 The pump is set to address 0 1 P...

Page 118: ... the Node ID to use for message filter Group ID Slave ID 0 001 0000 000 000 0010 0010 0110 0010 0110 Direction 0 Host to slave Group 1 Boot request response group Device 0 Always 0 in boot response Frame 0 Boot request response frame RTR IDE r0 0 All three always 0 Length 2 Two data bytes in return message Note Boot MID is the same for all nodes MID 11 bit message identifier The direction bit is 1...

Page 119: ...ry command Example host pump exchanges The following are typical exchanges between the host and pump for action commands multi frame commands common commands and query commands Action command example The host sends a ZR command to a pump where the pump is set to address 0 1 Host sends 2 Pump acknowledges 3 After executing the command pump reports status Note 0 decodes as first byte status idle fol...

Page 120: ...d the pump reports status Note 0 decodes as first byte status idle followed by a null character hex zero For multi frame commands the pump only sends an acknowledg ment for the last frame Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 0 010 0000 011 000 1000 0x5A 0x32 0x53 0x33 0x31 0x41 0x33 0x30 Z2S31A30 Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 0 010 0000 100 000 ...

Page 121: ...ort command 29 of frame type 6 to a pump with the pump set to address 1 1 Host sends 2 Pump reports Note For query commands no acknowledge frame is needed Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 0 010 0000 010 000 0001 0x30 0 Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC 1 010 0000 010 000 0000 Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 1 010 0000 010 000 00...

Page 122: ...the middle frame is type 4 and the last frame is type 6 since type 6 indicates a report command Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 0 010 0001 110 000 0010 0x32 0x33 23 Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 1 010 0001 011 000 1000 0x60 0x00h 0x49 0x50 0x5A 0x3A 0x20 0x30 0IPZ 0 Direction Group Device Frame Type RTR IDE r0 DLC Data bytes 1 010 0001 110 ...

Page 123: ...mp Commander User Interface Communication Setup area Displays connection status allows you to monitor communications Pressing Setup Communication button allows you to select communica tion COM port baud rate and device address Includes an auto scan function to detect and set these items automatically Checking Monitor Communications opens a dialog box for viewing and logging pump communication acti...

Page 124: ...ton see below Status Response field displays response from pump Auto Add R Run checkbox Inserts R command automatically at end of command string when sent Terminate button Terminates executing command Command Ref button Add commands to string by clicking buttons in a new screen Valve Config button Read current valve type configuration or program new valve configuration CAUTION Valve config is fact...

Page 125: ...ted row Delete Row button Delete selected row File area Populate table with existing text file save existing table as a recallable text file or save changes to table based on an existing file Execution area Auto Run executes commands row by row in order as numbered Single Step executes commands row by row as button is clicked Stop interrupts the sequence Terminate stops during command execution St...

Page 126: ...est chemical resistance Very inert Very soft good for sealing Very low seal drag due to its low friction properties Not well suited for crystalline reagents such as buffers Easily scored damaged Can shed over time although we specify the best PTFE available to avoid this potential issue UHMWPE Very good chemical resistance Best abrasion resistance Extremely durable material yet fairly soft so well...

Page 127: ...ated speed for the C3000 is stated in minutes you need to multiply by 60 to get seconds 800 X 60 48000 Keep in mind that as syringe volume goes up and pump speed decreases pulsation increases Running smaller syringes at higher speeds decreases pulsation Converting velocity to flow rate To convert velocity in increments sec to flow rate in volume sec Divide the syringe volume by the velocity resolu...

Page 128: ...e ments sec flow rate 1000 µL 24000 6000 250 µL sec 1 mL syringe on C24000 in N2 mode at velocity V of 6000 increments sec flow rate 1000 µL 192000 6000 31 25 µL sec Note Velocity resolution is twice the position resolution for the C3000 product CAUTION Due to the smaller internal port diameters of the 6 way distribution valve it is recommended that fluid velocity does not exceed 1500 µL sec when ...

Page 129: ...nnections Be aware that TriContinent has obtained this information from reputable sources and cannot be responsible for the accuracy of its content Therefore it should only be used as a guideline Actual testing of the materials should be performed before permanently implementing any application For further questions please contact Customer Service as described in Customer support beginning on page...

Page 130: ...R R N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N R R Ceramic Al203 R R R R L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R N R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Nylon R R R R N N N N N N R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R PCTFE R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R PEEK R R R R R R R N R N N R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R...

Page 131: ...peeds have been selected to provide optimum results The fluid mea sured is distilled water Whenever any of these factors are changed you can expect deviations from published performance data You can use your pump s specifications as a benchmark to determine how close to optimum your instrument s fluid path is Performance of a liquid handling system will depend on many factors As a rule empirical t...

Page 132: ...compo nent in a fluid handling system Good probe design should follow the same general guidelines as tubing and orifices see above Additional probe specific criteria include Contour make all transitions in I D smooth and step free Surface area the end of the probe should have as little surface area as possible Keep probe end perpendicular to probe and wall thick ness minimized to help prevent drop...

Page 133: ...ng and sample transfers some dilution of the measured sample closest to the air gap will occur Make PRELIMI NARY allowances for some waste if absolute sample integrity is required Aspirate an additional amount of the sample to act as a buffer Discard this amount as part of the probe cleaning process Typically 10 can be used as a guideline but variables such as speed type of fluids volumes and allo...

Page 134: ...n the syringe either slow down the fill stroke or increase the diameter of tubing The guidelines and tips offered here are generally effective in optimizing performance of syringe pumps They are not by any means an all inclu sive list of methods and procedures Every application requires specific techniques tailored to that application to achieve optimum perfor mance ...

Page 135: ...gth Suction line excessive length may prevent the pump from priming and introduce pressure drop that will restrict flow to the pump Delivery line excessive length will introduce back pressure increasing pressure at the pump Tubing material Suction line soft tubing will collapse and pulse causing flow restriction blockage and pump cavitation Delivery line soft tubing will expand and pulse causing f...

Page 136: ...Optimizing tubing performance Reference information 136 Typical tubing configurations Nut ferrule connection Dispense nozzle Flare connection Luer connection Flare connection Flare connection ...

Page 137: ...re combined an auxiliary output of each pump is wired to the input of the other and program strings utiliz ing the j command are written to the pumps To achieve standalone operation these strings are pre written to the EEPROMs of the pumps Sequence of operation The two pumps are named A and B respectively 1 At power up Pump A and B are both initialized and they both aspirate a full syringe 2 Pump ...

Page 138: ...cable con nects an auxiliary output of each pump to an auxiliary input of the other pump Jumper and address switch settings Pump A is set to address 1 and Pump B is set to address 2 using the address switches on the back of the two pumps address 1 switch posi tion 0 address 2 switch position 1 Pump A Combined continuous flow output Separate inputs Pump B 1 J3 IN OUT 1 Power and communication cabli...

Page 139: ...er up when the AutoRun jumper is installed on the pumps after programming The address switch indicates which string memory location will be run Aspirate velocity must be faster than dispense velocity to provide time for the pump to be ready for triggering after aspiration The j command trigger position parameters may require adjustment based on pump dispense velocity and syringe size C3000 example...

Page 140: ...0 When syringe position during dispense gets close to top of stroke 10 in this case j10 set outputs low 0 This will trigger Pump B to begin its dis pense A0 Dispense full stroke trigger is sent to Pump B when position is at 10 as stated above IV2000A3000J7O V1000j100 When finished dispensing move valve to input position I refill V2000A3000 and reset for next dispense J7OV1000j100 g Start of contin...

Page 141: ...below also OV1000 Prepare for dispense move valve to outlet O set dispense velocity to 1000 increments sec V1000 j100 When syringe position during dispense gets close to top of stroke 10 in this case j10 set outputs low 0 This will trigger Pump A to begin its dis pense g Start of continuous loop H0 Wait for trigger from Pump A A0 Dispense full stroke trigger is sent to Pump A when position is at 1...

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Page 143: ...ion history Revision history table Revision information for this manual is shown in Table 10 7 Table 10 7 Revision History Date Revision Level Description 6 22 2017 C Thorough revision and expansion to create comprehensive product manual ...

Page 144: ...502 Fax 852 27924598 thomas hk gardnerdenver com The information presented in this material is based on technical data and test results of nominal units It is believed to be accurate and reliable and is offered as an aid to help in the selection of TriContinent products It is the responsibility of the user to determine the suitability of the product for the intended use and the user assumes all ri...

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