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CHAPTER 8: Testing Twisted-Pair Cable

8. Testing Twisted-Pair Cable

This chapter contains information about the fundamentals of testing
twisted-pair cables. It also discusses common wiring problems and reasons
that cables fail. Tables of troubleshooting tips are provided throughout the
chapter; use them for quick reference when troubleshooting a cable
segment.

8.1 Types of Twisted-Pair Cable

Twisted-pair cable is so called because of the physical make-up of the cable.
Two wires are physically twisted together along the length of the cable to
form a pair.

There are three basic kinds of twisted-pair cable: Unshielded Twisted Pair
(UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), and Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP).
Figure 8-1 illustrates the differences in the construction of twisted-pair
cables.

Figure 8-1. Twisted-Pair Cable Construction.

Although UTP is one of the most popular cable test standards to install, it
is also highly susceptible to a variety of failures if the cable is not properly
installed. The SCAN-LAN VI checks for these possible failures. The test or
tests you choose to run depend on whether you are performing a complete
check of cable characteristics compared to a standard (cable certification)
or troubleshooting a specific cable problem. See

Appendix A, Test

Standards

, for an explanation of various test standards.

The TSB-67 UTP Link Performance specification is becoming the
benchmark for installed UTP links and is the specification that the
SCAN-LAN VI design is primarily based on.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP)
or Foil Twisted Pair (FTP)

drain

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Summary of Contents for SCAN-LAN VI

Page 1: ... week Call 724 746 5500 or fax 724 746 0746 Mail order Black Box Corporation 1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 Web site www blackbox com E mail info blackbox com SEPTEMBER 1999 TS6000A TS6000AE TS6001A TS691 TS692 TS693 TS694 SCAN LAN VI F1 F2 F3 F4 ESC ENTER AUTOTEST PRINT REMOTE CAL SETUP TRAFFIC LENGTH WIRE MAP QUICK SCAN LAN VI EXTENDED FUNCTIONS ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...erated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment This dig...

Page 4: ...to eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea recomendado por el fabricante 8 Servicio El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operación Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a personal de servicio calificado 9 El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no interfiera su uso La colocaci...

Page 5: ...r una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia 16 El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo 17 Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación 18 Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando A El cable de poder o ...

Page 6: ...4 SCAN LAN VI TRADEMARKS The trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners ...

Page 7: ...Mode 20 2 3 3 Charging the Batteries 21 2 3 4 Using the Rechargeable Battery Eliminator 21 2 4 Display Conventions 22 2 4 1 Arrow Keys 22 2 4 2 Scroll Bars 23 2 4 3 Display Contrast Adjustment 23 3 Getting Started 24 3 1 Initial Setup 24 3 1 1 Setting Up the SCAN LAN VI 24 3 1 2 NVP Calibration 25 3 1 3 Why Do I Need to Set Cable NVP 25 3 2 Typical Test Setup 26 3 2 1 Basic Link Testing 26 3 2 2 C...

Page 8: ...ults 44 6 2 NEXT 45 6 2 1 Running NEXT 45 6 2 2 Viewing NEXT Summary Results 46 6 2 3 Marginal Test Results 46 6 2 4 Viewing Detailed NEXT Results 46 6 2 5 Viewing a Graph of NEXT Results 47 6 2 6 Certifying Category 5 Cabling Pair to Pair NEXT Method 48 6 3 Length 48 6 3 1 Running Length Test 49 6 3 2 Viewing Length Results 49 6 4 Attenuation 51 6 4 1 Running Attenuation 52 6 4 2 Viewing Attenuat...

Page 9: ...ng Test Results 68 7 2 1 Printing Uploading a Single Test Report 68 7 2 2 Printing Uploading Multiple Reports 69 7 2 3 Printing Uploading All Reports 70 7 2 4 Uploading Detailed NEXT Attenuation Results 70 7 2 5 Changing Serial Port Settings 71 7 2 6 Sample 250 MHz UTP Autotest Report 72 7 3 Deleting Test Reports 74 7 4 Viewing Saved Test Reports 74 8 Testing Twisted Pair Cable 77 8 1 Types of Twi...

Page 10: ...0 Time 108 9 2 11 Audible Tones 109 9 2 12 Traffic Noise Tones 109 9 2 13 Company Name 110 9 2 14 Circuit Names 111 9 2 15 Auto Toner 112 9 2 16 Reset to Defaults 112 9 2 17 Circuit Names 113 10 Calibration 115 10 1 NVP Calibration 115 10 1 1 Using a Known Length of Cable 115 10 1 2 Using Manufacturer s Cable Specifications 116 10 1 3 Why Do I Need to Set Cable NVP 117 10 2 Remote Unit Calibration...

Page 11: ...LinkTalk 135 Appendix A Test Standards 136 A 1 Installed Link Test Configurations 136 A 2 Channel Testing 136 A 3 Basic Link Testing 137 A 4 EIA TIA TSB 67 Test Limits 138 A 5 ISO IEC Test Limits 139 A 6 Enhanced Cable Standards Test Limits 141 A 7 IEEE Twisted Pair Test Limits 141 A 8 Defining Custom Standards 145 Appendix B Common Cable NVP Values 148 Appendix C Optional Accessories 151 Appendix...

Page 12: ... 60 C Relative Humidity 10 to 90 noncondensing MTBF 50 000 hours Size 9 6 H x 3 9 W x 2 5D 24 4 x 9 9 x 6 4 cm Weight 1 lb 15 oz 0 88 kg Power Battery 8 AA alkaline batteries per unit or 1 NiMH rechargeable battery pack per unit Battery Life 8 to 10 hours of continuous use or 800 Autotests typical Low Battery Indicator Audible alarm plus LCD display Automatic Power Down 2 to 30 minutes selectable ...

Page 13: ... up to 450 Autotest results plus one Traffic Report in each SCAN LAN VI Imprint Date on all tests Non Volatile Memory Lithium battery backed memory for setup test results and NVP values Wire Mapping Twisted Pair Wiring Only Displays Following Errors Miswired Pairs Shorts Opens Shorted Pairs Crossed Pairs and Split Pairs Includes test of shield if present Traffic Ethernet Only Parameters Monitored ...

Page 14: ...uracy 2 ft 0 6 m 2 NVP Uncertainty 0 to 1000 ft 0 to 304 8 m 2 ft 0 6 m 3 NVP Uncertainty 1001 to 2000 ft 305 1 to 610 m NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation 0 5 to 0 99 Cable Fault Types Shorts Opens Intermediate Impedance Anomalies Number of Faults Measured End of cable and two intermediate anomalies Fault Threshold User defined 4 to 10 7 default 1 No connection 2 Receive data input 3 Transmit da...

Page 15: ... ATM 100 ATM 155 ATM 155 SWL ATM 622 ATM 622 SWL Length 6600 ft 2011 7 m Resolution 1 ft 0 3 m Length Accuracy 0 to 1000 ft 0 to 304 8 m 2 ft 0 6 m 2 IR Uncertainty 1001 to 6600 ft 305 1 m to 2011 7 m 2 ft 0 6 m 3 IR Uncertainty Propagation Delay 10 to 10 000 ns Optical Loss Dynamic Range 3 dBm to 55 dBm Resolution 0 01 dB Accuracy 0 3 dB 20 dBm Operating Temperature 32 to 122 F 0 to 50 C Storage ...

Page 16: ...nation of power and measurement precision and it s easy to use and inexpensive The unique modular design makes SCAN LAN VI the most versatile tester on the market In addition to being fully compliant with TIA TSB 67 requirements for certifying CAT 5 Class D links the SCAN LAN VI performs several important new measure ments including Power Sum Near End Crosstalk PS NEXT and Power Sum Attenuation to...

Page 17: ... Carrying Case User s Manual NOTE The Battery Eliminators provided may differ in various countries See the optional accessories list in Appendix C 2 2 Features 2 2 1 TESTING FEATURES Tests UTP ScTP coaxial STP and fiberoptic cable Certifies twisted pair cable up to EIA TIA 568A Category 5 and ISO IEC 11801 Class D 100 MHz Performs NEXT Length Wire Map Attenuation Noise Traffic Impedance and Resist...

Page 18: ...ing is not available for firmware versions 6 00 B3 B4 or higher Cable grading has been superseded by headroom and link performance analysis detail screens 2 2 3 NETWORK STANDARDS SUPPORTED AT 250 MHZ IEEE 100BASE Tx ANSI X3T9 5 TP PMD ATM 155 Mbps 2 2 4 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SCAN LAN VI Test reports can be saved in three different formats Encrypted tamper proof Report Manager format Comma Separa...

Page 19: ...tion LCD backlight control Also adjusts contrast in conjunction with the up and down arrows Power on and off control ESC Escape aborts the current action or returns to the previous screen ENTER selects the choice that is highlighted Up and down arrows scroll through menus and change cable test standards Also adjusts contrast in conjunction with the backlight control button Function buttons F1 F2 F...

Page 20: ...cs including Time Date EXTENDED Individual cable tests unit self test pair reversal test repeatability FUNCTIONS test and flash memory download REMOTE Puts the SCAN LAN VI into remote mode TRAFFIC Monitors traffic activity on an Ethernet network LENGTH Determines the cable length and up to two intermediate anomalies WIRE MAP Determines pin to pin continuity shield continuity and split pairs QUICK ...

Page 21: ...LE The SCAN LAN VI is designed with removable performance modules for attaching to various cable types and cable connectors The key to the SCAN LAN VI s high measurement accuracy is using the proper performance module To remove a module loosen the thumbscrews on either side of the module until the screws are free of the retainers Hold the module on either side and slide it out of the opening see t...

Page 22: ... results before the unit automatically powers down 2 3 1 MEMORY STORAGE The SCAN LAN VI s memory is powered from an internal long life lithium cell Stored test results and setup conditions will therefore be saved when you replace the AA alkaline batteries or rechargeable battery eliminator 2 3 2 CHARGING MODE When the AC Mains adapter is used and the SCAN LAN VI is powered off the unit goes into a...

Page 23: ...minator with the label side out The battery eliminator is charged by plugging in the external power supply while the SCAN LAN VI is OFF To charge the batteries turn the SCAN LAN VI OFF and connect the external power supply The display will show SCAN LAN VI the serial number of the unit the date the time and the message RECHARGING When the battery is fully charged up to 14 hours the RECHARGING indi...

Page 24: ... If the battery pack is completely charged the message will then go away If the unit is turned OFF while using the external power supply and the message RECHARGING does not immediately appear the charging function is not working properly Contact Black Box If you have any problems recharging the battery pack or you have any other problems or questions call Black Box 2 4 Display Conventions 2 4 1 AR...

Page 25: ...e are more selections available than can fit on one SCAN LAN VI screen scroll bars will appear For example in the figure below the scroll bar appears above Save To use the scroll bar press the arrow keys to move the scroll bar indicator as well as to highlight a new selection 2 4 3 DISPLAY CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT Hold down the Backlight button and press the arrow keys to set the screen contrast for co...

Page 26: ...k SETUP SETUP controls many basic instrument operations such as power down time backlight on time feet meters date time and serial output format Each of these settings has a default value established by the factory To adjust any of these settings refer to Chapter 9 Setup 3 1 1 SETTING UP THE SCAN LAN VI To set up the SCAN LAN VI 1 Set the remote unit s dial to REMOTE 2 Press the remote unit s powe...

Page 27: ...be set in the SCAN LAN VI The NVP is a measure of how fast an electrical pulse travels down a cable compared to the speed of light NVP is expressed as a percentage and is usually between 50 and 90 A default NVP value is automatically set by the SCAN LAN VI based on the cable test standard selected Using the default value however may result in cable length measurement errors of up to 7 due to the v...

Page 28: ...TESTING The figure below illustrates a typical test setup using a SCAN LAN System to test a Basic Link as defined by TIA EIA TSB 67 NOTE To certify a cable link with Level II accuracy you must test the Basic Link using the SCAN LAN Modular Plug Performance Module You must also test the link from both ends See Appendix A Test Standards for more information TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Conn...

Page 29: ...vel II requirements for a Basic Link See Appendix A Test Standards for more information 3 3 Selecting a Cable Test Standard The Cable Test Standard used by the SCAN LAN VI to certify cables may be changed whenever the up down arrows symbol appears next to the cable name See the illustration below AUTOTEST CAT5 Basic Link NEXT 100 0 TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Out...

Page 30: ...to match that of the main end 3 4 Defining Custom Standards Existing cable test standards can be modified to create a maximum of 23 additional custom standards Custom standards are initially labeled as Custom 1 and Custom 2 Once you have defined a new standard it appears in the cable standard library identified by an asterisk The tests performed and the PASS FAIL limits are set by copying one of t...

Page 31: ...tandard 5 Press SELECT DESELECT to choose wire pairs and shield Press either arrow key to move up or down the list Selected pairs indicated by a mark will be included in the custom test 6 Press SAVE F4 or ENTER to save the custom standard To cancel press ESC NOTE Matching custom cable definitions must be created on both units Select Pairs DESELECT PAIR 1 1 2 SAVE PAIR 2 3 6 PAIR 3 4 5 PAIR 4 7 8 F...

Page 32: ...CAN LAN VI system may be checked by running these tests To pre test your system 1 Connect the main and remote units using a CAT3 coupler or a patch cable 2 Run Self Test 3 Run Pair Reversal 4 Run Repeatability 5 Run Autotest 6 If FAIL occurs on any test result call Technical Support at 724 746 5500 ...

Page 33: ...ion the instrument will extend NEXT and ATTENUATION measurements out to 250 MHz PASS or FAIL indications when running Autotest are based on existing 100 MHz test standards 250 MHz tests can also be enabled by selecting 250 MHz UTP in the Cable Standard menu If the SCAN LAN fails any test it will stop and display the failure You may continue testing by pressing the CONTINUE F4 softkey Refer to Chap...

Page 34: ...pressing the CONTINUE F4 softkey 4 2 Viewing Autotest Results Autotest results are displayed in either summary or detailed mode This section describes a general procedure for reviewing Autotest results including summary screens for Wire Map NEXT Attenuation ACR Length and Propagation Delay tests and detailed test results for NEXT and Attenuation Refer to Chapter 6 Cable Test Descriptions for more ...

Page 35: ...is within the measure ment uncertainty of the SCAN LAN VI As a result the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain and therefore the SCAN LAN VI cannot determine with confidence whether the link conforms to the Test Standard To resolve link tests with marginal measured results 1 Reduce the measurement uncertainty If you are currently using a Level I rated Performance Module PM replace it with a Level II...

Page 36: ...esults After performing an Autotest SCAN LAN will display PASS FAIL or PASS FAIL SCAN LAN also displays Headroom and Crossover Headroom expressed in Decibels or dB is based on the worst case measurement of Power Sum NEXT relative to the NEXT standard for the cable test chosen Crossover value in MHz is the frequency at which Power Sum ACR equals zero PSNEXT Attenuation PSACR Two test summary screen...

Page 37: ...e and current Category 5 standards A high dB value for Headroom indicates a level of performance better than Cat 5 4 3 2 POWER SUM ACR Power Sum Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio PS ACR is displayed two ways The column ACR 10 dB indicates the frequency at which the pair tested had an ACR value of 10 dB This is generally accepted to be the usable bandwidth of the cable while still having enough signal...

Page 38: ...esults 1 Press Save F4 or ENTER from the Autotest Summary screen or any VIEW screen The SCAN LAN VI automatically selects the next report number You can change the number by pressing the arrow keys 2 If desired enter a circuit identification number refer to the detailed instructions that follow 3 Press ENTER F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 LINK PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 22 9dB 15 8dB 16 5dB 22 6dB 250MH...

Page 39: ...ous report number and erasing the earlier one ENTERING A CIRCUIT IDENTIFICATION NAME To change circuit identification 1 The SCAN LAN VI will display a default circuit identification unless the circuit ID is disabled by the Setup routine To speed up entering circuit identifiers the SCAN LAN VI can automatically increment the last circuit identifier 2 Press LEFT F1 or RIGHT F4 to move the cursor lef...

Page 40: ...and the remote 1 Attach earphones to the jacks on the lower right sides of both main and remote units 2 LinkTalk can be activated following Autotest or Quick Check or from the Extended Functions menu Press TALK F2 from the Autotest or Quick Check summary screen or select TALK from the Extended Functions menu This will cause the remote to enter the TALK mode 3 When the remote unit enters TALK mode ...

Page 41: ... as shown below making it easy for the operators to discuss the result 1 From an Autotest Summary Screen send the test result screen to the Remote using the SEND button 2 On the Main unit press the ESC key to return to the overall Autotest summary screen 3 Enter the TALK mode by pressing the TALK button F4 4 On both units a REVIEW F1 softkey is displayed Press REVIEW F1 to view the test result scr...

Page 42: ...ntegrity of the SCAN LAN VI system may be checked by running the tests described below To pre test your system 1 Connect the main and remote units using a CAT3 coupler or a patch cable 2 Run Self Test 3 Run Pair Reversal 4 Run Repeatability 5 Run Autotest 6 If FAIL occurs on any test results call Technical Support for assistance ...

Page 43: ...t be saved 5 1 Running Quick Check 1 Connect one end of the cable to the main unit and the other end to the remote unit 2 Set the remote unit s dial to REMOTE 3 Set the main unit s dial to Quick The test begins automatically Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard 4 Press Start F1 to re start Quick Check Press VIEW F3 to review Quick Check test results 5 2 Viewing Quick Check Result...

Page 44: ... Performance Module PM replace it with a Level II rated PM and retest If the test result is still marginal or if you are already using a Level II rated PM go to the next step 2 Recheck the link installation focusing on connection points Refer to Chapter 8 Testing Twisted Pair Cable for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT and attenuation Correct the installation if possible and retest ...

Page 45: ... cable for pin to pin and shield continuity and it also checks for split pairs Although it s one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check it can also be run individually Wire Map tests for reversed pair shorts opens crossed pairs split pairs miswires and shield continuity 6 1 1 RUNNING WIRE MAP 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN VI and the other end to the remote uni...

Page 46: ...LAN VI 6 1 2 VIEWING WIRE MAP RESULTS The results of the Wire Map test are displayed on the SCAN LAN VI screen The following illustrations show possible wiring faults Crossed Pair Split Pair Reversed Pair Short ...

Page 47: ...one of the fundamental certification tests for Category 3 4 and 5 UTP cabling It can also be run individually as an Extended Functions test NEXT tests for excessive crosstalk between pairs and proper pair connections 6 2 1 RUNNING NEXT 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN VI and the other end to the remote unit Set the remote unit s dial to REMOTE 2 Set the dial to EXTENDED FU...

Page 48: ...To resolve link tests with marginal measured results 1 Reduce the measurement uncertainty If you are currently using a Level I rated Performance Module replace it with a Level II rated Performance Module and retest If the test result is still marginal or if you are already using a Level II rated Performance Module go to the next step 2 Recheck the link installation focusing on connection points Re...

Page 49: ...ombination Press SEND F2 to send the results to the remote unit 3 Press the arrow keys to move the cursor to a new point on the graph The test result at the selected point is displayed below the graph 4 Press PRINT F4 to send a comma separated variable CSV listing of the results to the serial port This outputs a complete listing of all NEXT measurements for all pair combinations 5 Press SUMMARY F3...

Page 50: ...osstalk coupled from any one pair to another not the possible total crosstalk that might bc coupled from multiple pairs in the same sheath The TSB 67 methodology assumes that only two pairs of the cable would be used at any given time for data transmission While pair to pair NEXT is an appropriate crosstalk measure for 2 pair network schemes such as 10BASE T and 100 BASE TX it does not provide an ...

Page 51: ...e procedure to calibrate cable NVP 6 3 1 RUNNING LENGTH TEST 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN VI 2 Set dial to LENGTH The test begins scanning immediately Press the arrow keys to select another cable test standard NOTE For accurate results do not use the remote unit when performing a Length measurement test except during Autotest or Quick Check 6 3 2 VIEWING LENGTH RESULTS...

Page 52: ...uring spooled and other uninstalled cables the cable length will probably be greater than the specification test limit This will cause a FAIL Length test result In this case you may ignore the fail message 4 A cable found to have a short will cause length test to FAIL regardless of measured length 5 OPEN or SHORT usually indicates that a pair ends in an open or a short However if the remote unit i...

Page 53: ...measures the reduction in the signal level as it travels over the length of a cable Attenuation is measured over a range of frequencies The amount of attenuation loss is expressed in decibels dB A signal is transmitted by the remote unit and received by the main unit the signal is one way Attenuation is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check It can also be run individually Attenuatio...

Page 54: ...re run the test 6 4 2 VIEWING ATTENUATION RESULTS To view the test standard specification values 1 Press SPEC F3 2 Press SEND F1 to restart the Attenuation test 6 4 3 VIEWING A GRAPH OF ATTENUATION RESULTS 1 From the test summary screen press GRAPH F2 to view the graph of the Attenuation test results F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Page 55: ...the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the SCAN LAN VI As a result the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain and therefore the SCAN LAN VI cannot determine with confidence whether the link conforms to the Test Standard The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results 1 Reduce the measurement uncertainty If you are currently usi...

Page 56: ...tion of the expected reliability of data transmissions ACR is automatically computed during Autotest and Quick Check when testing twisted pair cable It can also be run individually as an Extended Function test 6 5 1 RUNNING ACR 1 Set the dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 2 Press the arrow keys to highlight ACR 3 Press ENTER The test begins scanning immediately Press the arrow keys to select another cable...

Page 57: ...ND 100 MHZ ACR AND HEADROOM Power Sum ACR measurements beyond 100 MHz are valuable for determining adequate performance of enhanced Category 5 cabling Current Category 5 standards require a minimum of 10 dB ACR at 100 MHz Proposed Category 6 standards recommend an ACR value of a minimum 10 dB ACR at 200 MHz System 6 provides this measure of cable performance up to 250 MHz The frequency at which th...

Page 58: ... Refer to Chapter 9 Setup for information on how to change this value The Noise test reports time duration of the test average number of impulses in the last second peak number of impulses in any one second and the time of occurrence since the start of the test 6 6 1 RUNNING NOISE The Noise test runs continuously until stopped by the user 1 If testing a twisted pair cable connect one end of the ca...

Page 59: ... Test provides a means to verify the NEXT measurement consistency of the SCAN LAN VI as recommended by the draft TIA TSB 67 Link Testing Standard In the Pair Reversal Test the NEXT of a link is first measured when transmitting on one pair and receiving on another Then the test is performed again with the transmit and receive pairs reversed The results should agree within the magnitude of the SCAN ...

Page 60: ...of the SCAN LAN VI as recommended by the draft TIA TSB 67 Link Testing Standard In the Repeatability Test NEXT tests are performed twice on the same pair combination and the measured results compared Differences should be less than the magnitude of the SCAN LAN VI s NEXT measurement accuracy specification RUNNING REPEATABILITY 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN VI and the ot...

Page 61: ... enable cable identification by a cable toner probe A modulated 1 KHz signal is injected on pin one 1 Any commercially available Toner Probe can be used to identify the corresponding cable end in a remote wiring location RUNNING CABLE TONER 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN VI 2 Set the dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 3 Press the arrow keys to highlight CABLE TONER SEND GRAPH DE...

Page 62: ... ready to be tested next 6 11 Delay Delay Skew Delay is a measure of the time electrical signals take to propagate from one end of the cable to the other end The difference in propagation delays from one cable pair to another is called Delay Skew The Delay test measures and displays the propagation delay of each wire pair The Delay Skew test measures and displays the difference in propagation dela...

Page 63: ...T5 Plus BasicLink These tests can be added to Autotest or Quick Check for any other cable standard by defining a custom cable standard see Appendix A VIEWING DELAY DELAY SKEW RESULTS At the conclusion of an Autotest or Quick Check 1 Press VIEW F3 to view test results 2 Press the up or down arrow until Delay test summary screen is displayed Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Delay Delay Skew ...

Page 64: ...opposition to DC current flow in a cable DC resistance can be used to identify poor wire connections which typically have large resistance Loop Resistance can be derived by adding the resistance for each wire in the pair Resistance can be added to the Autotest suite of tests by defining a Custom Cable standard see Appendix A Resistance can also be run individually via SAVE DELAY SKEW F1 F2 F3 F4 1...

Page 65: ...ons until RESISTANCE is highlighted 4 Press ENTER to select the test The test begins immediately Press ESC to abort the test Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard 6 12 2 VIEWING RESISTANCE RESULTS The resistance for each wire in a wire pair is displayed START SHIELD SPEC RESISTANCE F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 0 0Ω 0 1Ω 0 0Ω 0 0Ω Wire1 Wire2 PASS PASS PASS PASS 0 0Ω 0 0Ω 0 1Ω 0 1Ω ...

Page 66: ...e cable PS NEXT can be computed from the individual pair to pair NEXT statements As shown above Power Sum NEXT is a sum of the pair to pair NEXT measurements and is always greater than any pair to pair NEXT The Power Sum NEXT test uses the same test limit as pair to pair NEXT Since Power Sum NEXT is always greater than pair to pair NEXT the Power Sum NEXT test holds the cable up to a higher standa...

Page 67: ...reatest pair to pair NEXT measurement A link that easily passes TSB 67 Category 5 pair to pair NEXT requirements might therefore fail if PS NEXT is used as the measure NEXT Limit Line Several manufacturers of enhanced performance CAT 5 cables and connectors specify PS NEXT as a measure of product performance Because PS NEXT is a more stringent NEXT characterization method components that are speci...

Page 68: ...F3 2 Press SEND F1 to send the results to the remote unit 3 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the summary screen 6 13 2 VIEWING A GRAPH OF POWER SUM NEXT RESULTS To view a graph of the Power Sum NEXT test results 1 From the detail or Summary Results screen press GRAPH F2 SEND GRAPH SUMMARY SAVE POWER SUM NEXT F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 58 2 100 1 100 1 68 4 MHz 49 2 39 4 39 4 47 0 dB 33 1 29 3...

Page 69: ... CSV listing of the results to the serial port This outputs a complete listing of all Power Sum NEXT measurements for all pairs 5 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the Summary screen NOTE The test result displayed on the graph is the worst value found within 1 MHz frequency increments for Category 5 and ISO Class D testing All test results are available and can be output from the SCAN LAN VI 6 ...

Page 70: ...connectors on the other end use either the 9 or the 25 pin connector to a printer or PC NOTE Make sure you do not leave the unit connected to the PC while making measurements Doing so may cause a Wire Map Fail error to occur 7 1 2 ADAPTER CONNECTOR INFORMATION The PC Interface Cable supplied may not be the correct connector to properly connect to all serial printers Use only straight through adapt...

Page 71: ...ORTS 1 Set dial to PRINT to display the Print menu 2 Press the arrow keys to highlight a test report you wish to print or upload 3 Press SELECT F1 to place a check mark next to the report number 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 to select all reports to be printed uploaded 5 Press PRINT F4 or ENTER 6 Follow the procedure in Section 7 2 5 ALL REPORTS Traffic Report SELECT DELETE VIEW PRINT PRINT F1 F2 F3 F4 0...

Page 72: ... Section 7 2 5 NOTE Any selected test reports can be deselected by highlighting the report number and pressing DESELECT F1 prior to PRINT 7 2 4 UPLOADING DETAILED NEXT ATTENUATION RESULTS Detailed NEXT or Attenuation test results can only be output to a PC immediately following completion of the test To upload detailed NEXT or Attenuation test results 1 Complete the Autotest individual NEXT or ind...

Page 73: ...and output report format The serial data format is fixed at 8 bit no parity 1 stop bit 8N1 1 Press BAUD F1 to increment from 1200 to 38 400 baud 2 Press FLOW F2 to select flow control a XON XOFF software b HARDWARE CTS DTR c NONE for no flow control 3 Press FORMAT F3 to select the output format and choose from the following a TEXT F3 for a pre formatted report ready for printing b COMMA F3 for com...

Page 74: ...es are automatically stored in nonvolatile memory 7 2 6 SAMPLE 250 MHZ UTP AUTOTEST REPORT Up to 450 test reports can be saved in each SCAN LAN System 6 tester Reports can be uploaded to a PC and viewed or printed with the Report Manager software ...

Page 75: ...6 0 Margin dB 15 6 15 4 15 4 15 5 Frequency MHz 101 0 101 0 101 0 101 0 __________________________________________________________________ PSNEXT PASS 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 PASS PASS PASS PASS Power Sum dB 38 3 36 4 35 6 42 6 Limit dB 31 2 31 2 29 3 33 7 Margin dB 7 1 5 2 6 3 8 9 Frequency MHz 76 5 76 5 100 1 54 0 PSACR dB 33 4 31 4 29 6 38 5 REMOTE PSNEXT PASS 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 PASS PASS PASS PASS Power ...

Page 76: ... to confirm that you wish to delete the tests If no reports were selected the highlighted report is selected for deletion 5 Press OK F4 or ENTER to delete the report After the report is deleted the unit returns to the Print screen or To cancel the DELETE press CANCEL F1 or ESC and return to the Print screen 7 4 Viewing Saved Test Reports To review a saved report 1 Set dial to PRINT to display the ...

Page 77: ...40 45 50 75 100 Packet HH MM SS Rate 00 00 10 336 00 00 11 345 00 00 12 NO LINK 153 00 00 13 NO LINK 0 00 00 14 NO LINK 0 00 00 15 NO LINK 0 00 00 16 NO LINK 0 00 00 17 NO LINK 0 00 00 18 NO LINK 0 00 00 19 NO LINK 66 00 00 20 260 00 00 21 225 00 00 22 321 00 00 23 299 00 00 24 270 00 00 25 325 00 00 26 272 00 00 27 285 00 00 28 299 00 00 29 310 00 00 30 297 00 00 31 273 00 00 32 341 00 00 33 400 ...

Page 78: ... HH MM SS Rate 00 00 10 336 00 00 11 345 00 00 12 NO LINK 153 00 00 13 NO LINK 0 00 00 14 NO LINK 0 00 00 15 NO LINK 0 00 00 16 NO LINK 0 00 00 17 NO LINK 0 00 00 18 NO LINK 0 00 00 19 NO LINK 66 00 00 20 260 00 00 21 225 00 00 22 321 00 00 23 299 00 00 24 270 00 00 25 325 00 00 26 272 00 00 27 285 00 00 28 299 00 00 29 310 00 00 30 297 00 00 31 273 00 00 32 341 00 00 33 400 00 00 34 C 372 00 00 3...

Page 79: ...re 8 1 illustrates the differences in the construction of twisted pair cables Figure 8 1 Twisted Pair Cable Construction Although UTP is one of the most popular cable test standards to install it is also highly susceptible to a variety of failures if the cable is not properly installed The SCAN LAN VI checks for these possible failures The test or tests you choose to run depend on whether you are ...

Page 80: ... it s best to have all wires connected straight through Straight through means that pin 1 of the connector on one end is connected to pin 1 of the connector on the other end pin 2 is connected to pin 2 3 to 3 and so on Figure 8 2 illustrates correct connectivity and pairing per the TIA 568 specification Figure 8 2 TIA 568 Connectivity Requirements Wire Map checks for shorts opens crossed pairs rev...

Page 81: ...the proper pairs are not the wiring error is called a Split Pair A Split Pair causes severe Near End Crosstalk NEXT Figure 8 4 illustrates an example of a split pair where pins 1 and 2 are split with 3 and 6 Refer to the Section 8 2 2 for an explanation of NEXT 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 Open 8 Reversed 1 2 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 Shorted 1 2 1 2 3 6 4 ...

Page 82: ...hown below Test Results Possible Solutions Crossed Pair Depending on what the cable is being used for this may be okay A crossed pair cable is common for a 10BASE T application when connecting two hubs Double check the desired specifications for that segment and re terminate the segment to correct the wiring if necessary If the problem continues follow the possible solutions for OPEN 1 2 3 6 4 5 7...

Page 83: ...he segment If the problem continues it could be a damaged cable SHORT on one or Follow same procedure as for OPEN on one or more of the more of the pairs pairs Remote unit Be sure that the main and remote units are connected to the not connected same cable If the connections are correct follow same procedure as searching for OPEN on one or more of the pairs Reversed pair Depending on the applicati...

Page 84: ...his type you will get a split pair message between 3 6 and 4 5 If a split pair is not expected make sure the cable is twisted pair Using silver satin untwisted cable will also result in split pairs Check the coloring of the wiring at all termination points for proper pairing Correct the wiring as necessary Figure 8 5 Common Wiring Configurations 4 pair cable with USOC pairing Other common pairing ...

Page 85: ...at occurs in a telephone when you hear another conversation on your line If crosstalk is severe enough the transmitted signal can interfere with the received signal on another wire pair see Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 Crosstalk Between Stations Because crosstalk is measured at the same end of the cable as the signal source the term Near End Crosstalk NEXT is used to describe this measurement refer to Fi...

Page 86: ...twists must be maintained to within 0 5 inch 1 27 cm of the termination for Category 5 and within 1 inch 2 5 cm for Category 4 If the twists are not maintained NEXT will increase NEXT also varies with the frequency of the signal but the relationship is not linear Therefore because the NEXT of a cable is within a certain specification at lower frequencies does not guarantee the NEXT will be within ...

Page 87: ...Patch cable could be wired incorrectly Check twisted pairs per the EIA TIA 568 pairing Check patch cable and rewire or replace as necessary Terminating points NEXT problems are most common at the termination points Untwisting of the wires too far from the termination is very common Follow the procedure for NEXT test fails one or more pairs to troubleshoot Split pairs Because of different standards...

Page 88: ... is minimum required grade Check termination hardware to make sure all hardware is at least the minimum grade expected For example if testing for Category 3 you could use Category 3 4 or 5 components If testing to Category 5 you can only use Category 5 components Check that termination points meet installation standards Reference the specification you are using Re terminate all connections as nece...

Page 89: ...mittently may be borderline Simply reterminating a connection could correct the problem Follow procedure for NEXT test fails for one or more pairs to locate fault NEXT passes on Patch cable may not be a twisted pair cable A common segment from hub mistake is to use untwisted telephone wire for data to work area wall applications plate but the work station has problems Patch cable could be wired in...

Page 90: ...n and possible solutions Common Causes of Solutions Attenuation Incorrect grade cable Be sure to use the correct grade of cable for the for application specification being tested Lower grade cable can cause greater attenuation Patch cables Patch cables may not be twisted pair A common mistake is to use untwisted telephone wire for data applications Make sure patch cable is data grade Excessive Len...

Page 91: ... lowest category component in your segment The chart below describes some attenuation problems and their possible solutions Test Results Possible Solutions Attenuation test Compare actual to expected values to confirm misconformance fails for one or more pairs Check that the length is within specification in applications where attenuation is a maximum limit only If the cable is too long correct as...

Page 92: ...is the terminator is equal to the impedance of the cable there will be no reflection of the signal and you will not be able to determine the length Figure 8 10 illustrates the behavior of the electrical signal when it reaches the end of the cable Figure 8 10 Using TDR to Locate Cable Faults When the reflected signal reaches the tester where the signal was generated the timer stops By knowing the s...

Page 93: ...ure 8 11 Cable Nominal Velocity of Propagation To obtain the most accurate Length measurement possible you must calibrate your test equipment to the cable you are testing Follow the procedure described in Chapter 10 Calibration NOTE It is normal for some variation in the measured length of wire pairs within the same cable This is due to the difference in construction of the individual pairs Length...

Page 94: ...considered the end of the cable not an anomaly An anomaly can be caused by a number of conditions including a cable mismatch a cut in the cable a defect in the cable a kink in the cable or a poor connection When the SCAN LAN VI sends out a TDR pulse the severity of the change of impedance determines how much of the signal is reflected back The Fault Threshold setting in the SCAN LAN VI determines ...

Page 95: ...are within specification the segment should be fine The anomaly threshold was chosen to aid you in cable troubleshooting If you do not want to view the anomalies increase the threshold settings refer to Chapter 9 Setup The length Check that the NVP is correct measurement is not accurate For the most accurate measurement you must calibrate the unit with a sample of the cable SCAN LAN VI Make sure c...

Page 96: ...ermination of the cable what it should be If the cable is not connected to the remote unit the termination hardware may automatically loop back pins IBM Type A connectors work this way for example Thus the length is twice the distance of the cable Length says Perform a Wire Map test on the segment 5 feet when the cable is longer If Wire Map shows all pairs are OPEN or SHORT the SCAN LAN Vt cannot ...

Page 97: ...tors power lines signals caused by voice lines sharing the same pathway as a data line elevators and industrial type equipment Figure 8 12 Noise The IEEE 802 3 standard for 10BASE T includes an impulse noise specification If you have selected 10BASE T as the cable test standard when performing a noise test the 802 3 requirements are used for pass fail criteria For all other selected cable test sta...

Page 98: ...heir solutions Test Results Possible Solutions Fails noise 10BASE T The cause of the noise is closer to one end than the other from one end but not the other or noise is Perform a LENGTH test from the end that detects the noise much greater to determine if there is an anomaly present measured from one end than from the other Follow the segment from the end where noise was detected and look for Com...

Page 99: ...E SPECIFICATION 1 Select and install the appropriate Performance Module PM for the type of cable under test 2 Select the correct cable test standard you wish to test to If you select one of the EIA TIA Category 3 4 or 5 Basic Link test standards the accuracy Level I or Level II will be determined by the Performance Module you use Level II measurement accuracy can only be assured with the use of th...

Page 100: ...cannot use the Quick Check for certification testing because it does not make all the measurements necessary to ensure EIA TIA compliance The Quick Check was only designed as a quick test When testing UTP segments the EIA TIA Link Performance standard requires that you test NEXT from both directions Because the link is not end for end symmetrical NEXT will be different on each end By testing from ...

Page 101: ...installed twisted pair links It is the sum of the pair to pair NEXT coupled from all adjacent pairs in a cable Power Sum NEXT is an important measurement for emerging high speed local area networks such as 622 Mbps ATM and Gigabit Ethernet These networks transmit over multiple pairs at once to achieve their high data rates Because they transmit over several pairs simultaneously the normal pair to ...

Page 102: ...nk will support future high speed networks Figure 8 14 Power Sum NEXT Measurement The characteristics of Power Sum NEXT are very similar to those of NEXT They both vary with frequency are measured in decibels a larger value is better and are highly dependent on maintaining the wire twist up to the connector when terminating the cable To minimize Power Sum NEXT you must minimize the NEXT of all pai...

Page 103: ...s such as 100BASET4 622 Mbps ATM and Gigabit Ethernet To transmit data at these rates these emerging standards use all four cable pairs while transmitting data In order to recombine the data at the other end of the cable these standards require that the propagation delay of all pairs be roughly equal If there is too much difference in delay or Delay Skew these LANs are unable to reconstruct the da...

Page 104: ...resh Default Dec Inc 100 to 500 mV 260 mV PowerDown Dec Inc 2 to 30 min or disabled 5 min BackLight Dec Inc 15 seconds to 10 min 1 min Power Frequency 50 or 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz Baud Rate Dec Inc 1200 to 38 400 baud 9600 baud Flow Control None XON XOFF Hardware None XON XOFF Hardware Date Format Month Day Year mm dd yy dd mm yy yy mm dd Time Hour Minute hh mm ss Zero Seconds 24 hour mode only Audible...

Page 105: ...arameter selects feet or meters for cable length measurements Switch dial to SETUP Highlight Units using the arrow keys Press FEET METERS F4 to change length units 9 2 2 FAULT THRESHOLD Fault Threshold is the minimum reflection level detected as an anomaly in the Length test Any reflection less than this threshold will be ignored by the SCAN LAN VI The default Fault Threshold value is 7 which corr...

Page 106: ...ease the fault threshold 9 2 3 NOISE THRESHOLD Noise Threshold is the minimum detection level for noise impulse spikes measured in the Noise test The default Noise Threshold value is 260 mV which corresponds to the impulse noise specification for 10BASE T Switch dial to SETUP Highlight Noise Thresh using the the arrow keys Press DEFAULT F1 to change to the factory default value F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F...

Page 107: ...Set dial to SETUP Highlight PowerDown using the the arrow keys Press DEC F2 to shorten the time until power down Press INC F3 to lengthen the time until power down CAUTION Auto power down is automatically disabled during the Traffic and Noise tests Use the AC Mains adapter to power the SCAN LAN VI for extended Traffic or Noise monitoring 9 2 5 BACKLIGHT TIME The BackLight parameter sets the on tim...

Page 108: ...t the SCAN LAN VI to match the frequency of the local AC Mains power source Proper setting of Power Frequency will avoid display flicker caused by the interaction of the LCD display with room light sources It is also used to filter noise from some measurements Set dial to SETUP Highlight Power Frequency using the the arrow keys Press 60Hz 50Hz F4 to change the power frequency setting F1 F2 F3 F4 F...

Page 109: ...Highlight Baud Rate using the arrow keys Press DEC F2 to decrease the baud rate Press INC F3 to increase the baud rate 9 2 8 FLOW CONTROL Flow Control determines what method is used to control data flow between the SCAN LAN VI and the printer or PC The default setting is the HARDWARE flow control setting Other available settings are XON XOFF and NONE Set dial to SETUP Highlight FlowControl using t...

Page 110: ...ts mm dd yy default dd mm yy or yy mm dd Set dial to SETUP Highlight Date using the the arrow keys Press FORMAT F1 to change the date format Press MONTH to change the month Press DAY to change the date Press YEAR to change the year 9 2 10 TIME The SCAN LAN VI maintains a 24 hour time clock Use the 0 SEC F4 softkey to zero the seconds Set dial to SETUP Highlight Time using the arrow keys F1 F2 F3 F...

Page 111: ...ble tone is sounded for Pass and Fail test results Set dial to SETUP Highlight Audible Tones using the arrow keys Press ON OFF F4 to enable or disable the tones 9 2 12 TRAFFIC NOISE TONES The Traffic Noise Tones parameter enables and disables audible tones that are sounded during Traffic and Noise tests as activity indicators Traffic Noise tones are automatically disabled when the Audible Tones pa...

Page 112: ... 2 13 COMPANY NAME Test reports can be customized to include a company name up to 20 characters long Set dial to SETUP Highlight Co using the arrow keys Press MODIFY F4 or ENTER to modify the name Press LEFT F1 or RIGHT F4 to move the cursor F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Page 113: ...ial to SETUP Highlight Circuit Names using the arrow keys Press NONE F1 BLANK F2 NEXT F3 or SAME F4 NONE No Circuit ID is allowed Reports are identified only by number BLANK User can enter Circuit ID starting with nothing SAME User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used NEXT User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used but with the last character incremented SETUP Circuit ...

Page 114: ...e Cable Toner feature whenever the unit is set to Quick Check or Autotest and a remote is not attached Set dial to SETUP Press ON OFF F4 to enable or disable automatic tone generation 9 2 16 RESET TO DEFAULTS The Reset to Defaults parameter allows you to return the SCAN LAN VI s internal settings to their factory default settings Set dial to SETUP Highlight Reset to Defaults using the arrow keys S...

Page 115: ...ircuit identification when saving Autotest results Set dial to Setup Highlight Circuit Names using the arrow keys Press NONE F1 BLANK F2 NEXT F3 or SAME F4 NONE No Circuit ID is allowed Reports are identified only by number BLANK User can enter Circuit ID starting with nothing SAME User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used Audible Tones Circuit Names Traf Noise Tones Co Auto Toner R...

Page 116: ... but with the last character incremented NOTE The string length is not changed on overflow but the character to the left is incremented Letters increment to letters XYZABC and numbers increment to numbers 0123456789012 Example sequences ID ABY ID ABZ ID ACA ID AB8 ID AB9 ID AC0 ...

Page 117: ... section of the actual cable to be tested is the more accurate of the two procedures 10 1 1 USING A KNOWN LENGTH OF CABLE To measure and save the NVP of a known length of cable perform the following steps 1 Set dial to CAL 2 Select NVP from the calibration menu and press CAL F4 or ENTER Press arrow keys to change the cable test standard and press SAVE F4 or ENTER 3 Connect a known length of sample...

Page 118: ...ufacturer and part number you may be able to determine the rated cable NVP and load that NVP value into the SCAN LAN VI Many common cable NVPs are listed in Appendix B Common NVP Values To load a known NVP value 1 Set dial to CAL 2 Select NVP from the calibration menu and press CALIBRATE F4 or ENTER 3 Press INC F3 or DEC F2 to adjust the NVP value 4 Press ENTER to save the new NVP value A message ...

Page 119: ...a 10BASE T segment When using the SCAN LAN VI for cable certification determine the true cable NVP and save the value This will give you the most accurate cable length measurements and will avoid failing cable segments that are close to the test limit 10 2 Remote Unit Calibration Remote unit calibration should be performed on a periodic basis in order to maintain the accuracy of attenuation measur...

Page 120: ...sic Link test standard Press ENTER or SAVE F4 to start the test 4 Once the test is complete press VIEW F3 Press the up or down arrow key until the Attenuation results are displayed The Attenuation results should display values greater than 0 0 dB If 0 0 dB is displayed for any or all pairs perform the Remote Calibration again If the problem continues contact Black Box 10 3 Performance Module Calib...

Page 121: ...ect To JACK 1 4 Connect the SCAN LAN VI to JACK 1 of the Calibration Standard Use a Category 5 Patch Cord for connecting a Modular Jack Performance Module to the Calibration Standard 5 Press START F4 or ENTER The message CALIBRATING will be displayed on the screen The bar graph across the bottom of the display will show the progress of the calibration Press CANCEL F1 or ESC to cancel the calibrati...

Page 122: ...alibration Resistance calibration should be performed on a periodic basis in order to maintain maximum accuracy Resistance calibration is most sensitive to temperature changes Allow the main unit to stabilize to the operating environment before performing the calibration procedure Calibration should be performed whenever a different Performance Module is installed To calibrate Resistance 1 Connect...

Page 123: ...N LAN VI automatically generates link pulses to activate the hub and reports whenever a link state with the hub is lost Because the Traffic test runs continuously use the AC Mains adapter if the test is to be run for an extended period The SCAN LAN VI s Traffic test reports Network utilization percentage peak traffic and collisions The Traffic test also detects Jabber loss of link connections 10BA...

Page 124: ...etwork interface card or an excessively long cable segment Last Error Identifies detected transmission errors and the time since the last error ended in hours minutes and seconds Error Since Identifies detected transmission errors and the time the error started in hours minutes and seconds Bar Graph Displays the current traffic level scaled from 0 on the left to 50 on the right side of the display...

Page 125: ... Test Results Screen No Link Pulse Figure 11 3 Traffic Test Results Screen Jabber Detected NOTE The Error Since message indicates the time when the present traffic error began The Last Error message indicates the time since the last error occurred There is no current error present F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Page 126: ...e screen displays the test results If the self test fails make a note of which test fails and contact Black Box If the SCAN LAN VI passes the self test but still does not perform properly perform the calibration procedure refer to Chapter 10 Calibration If you continue to experience problems make a note of the circumstances and print a cable report if applicable Then call Black Box You must obtain...

Page 127: ...he requirements of TIA 568A ISO 11801 and provides pass fail determination for a variety of fiber applications The Test and Talk Module uses a link loss budget calculation as part of the pass fail determination The SCAN LAN VI cable tester can save up to 800 fiber pair test records These reports can then be uploaded to a PC using RMS Report Manager Software provided free of charge with the SCAN LA...

Page 128: ...ain Unit Before you begin a certification test it s important to properly configure the Main Unit to your specific configuration as described below All of the following options offer a default setting which can be customized LENGTH MEASUREMENTS UNITS Cable length can be measured in feet or meters Set the Main Unit dial to SETUP Highlight Units using the keys Press FEET METERS F4 to change the leng...

Page 129: ...L Highlight IOR with the keys Press CALIBRATE F4 You can use system default IOR settings manually input new settings or calculate the correct IOR based on a known length of cable Press DEFAULT F4 to use the default settings or Press DEC F2 or INC F3 to manually change the IOR setting or To set IOR based on a known length of cable Connect a cable of known length to TX and RX on the main unit SETTIN...

Page 130: ...andards and allowable losses for these components These values will be used for all links to be tested Press BUDGET F1 Highlight of Connectors with the keys Press DEC F2 or INC F3 to set the number of connectors Repeat for of Splices Highlight Core Diameter with the keys Select 50 F2 or 62 5 F3 Press ESC to return to the Power screen FIBER OPTIONS of Connectors 2 of Splices 0 Core Diameter 62 5 DE...

Page 131: ...test The following reference setting procedure follows Method B per TIA EIA 526 14A OFSTP 14A also called the One Jumper Reference The Talk and Test Module measures both references simultaneously One reference is from the Main to the Remote using Launch Cable A as shown in the figure on the next page The other reference is from the Remote to the Main using Launch Cable B NOTE Once the reference me...

Page 132: ... both ends once the reference measurement has been made While the Talk and Test Module has been designed to compensate for changes in ambient temperature for optimum performance you should re establish the reference if there is a significant change in temperature since the reference was established RX TX RX TX POWER dBm SETREF F1 F2 F3 F4 23 64 850nm 27 35 13 85 1300nm 19 68 TALK LOSS BUDGET 568A ...

Page 133: ...1801 and is appropriate when measuring a cable plant with patch panels on both ends or with a patch panel at one end and a wall outlet at the other Method B Link Loss includes Link Loss from wall outlet to patch panel two connector losses Test Jumper A loss Link loss from wall outlet to patch panel two connector losses Test Jumper B loss RX TX TX RX Light Direction Light Direction Test Jumper A Te...

Page 134: ...connected as shown in Section 13 5 POWER MEASUREMENT Set the Main Unit dial to AUTOTEST The unit displays the power received for both Rx and Tx at both 850 and 1300 nm POWER dBm SETREF F1 F2 F3 F4 23 64 850nm 27 35 13 85 1300nm 19 68 TALK LOSS BUDGET 568A Horizontal Lnk RX TX ...

Page 135: ...droom between the allowable loss in the selected cable standard and the measured loss in the cables under test The margins for both wavelengths where appropriate for both cables is displayed NOTE All failing test results will be displayed in reverse video LOSS MARGIN dB SAVE F1 F2 F3 F4 0 94 850nm 0 59 1 19 1300nm 0 34 TALK LOSS BUDGET 568A Backbone Link RX TX 339 FT 502 NS PASS LOSS dB SAVE F1 F2...

Page 136: ...s on how to save an Autotest NOTE Test report Tx designates measurements made on the fiber connected to the Tx port of the Main Unit Test report Rx designates measurements made on the fiber connected to the Rx port of the Main Unit AUTOTEST SAVE RIGHT F1 F2 F3 F4 Press ENTER To Save NEXT PREV LEFT Report 002 ID RX AUTOTEST SAVE RIGHT F1 F2 F3 F4 Press ENTER To Save NEXT PREV LEFT Report 002 ID TX ...

Page 137: ...from the Main Unit or upload the results to a PC for viewing or printing with Report Manager software 13 9 LinkTalk LinkTalk allows two Talk and Test units to function as an audio communication system This feature provides half duplex voice communication between the Main and Remote Units Refer to Section 4 5 for more information on LinkTalk ...

Page 138: ...TIA in Technical Systems Bulletin 67 TSB 67 also defines two installed cabling test configurations the Channel and the Basic Link The primary difference between the Channel and the Basic Link configurations is that the Channel includes the user s patch cords and equipment cords used to connect to the workstation at the office end and to the communications distribution equipment hub at the wiring c...

Page 139: ...Modular Plug Performance Module is used in this arrangement The following figure illustrates a typical test setup using two SCAN LAN VI to test a Basic Link TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Outlet or Transition Connector TwoWay Main TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Outlet or Transition Connector TwoWay Main User s Equipment Cord User s Eq...

Page 140: ...ccuracy with the Modular Jack Performance Module or it can be tested to Level II accuracy with the Modular Plug Performance Module Level II is higher in performance than Level I It is not possible to attain Level II accuracy using the Modular Jack Performance Module Table A 1 Attenuation Frequency MHz Category 3 dB Category 4 dB Category 5 dB Channel Link Channel Link Channel Link 1 4 2 3 2 2 6 2 ...

Page 141: ...esistance 9 9Ω A 5 ISO IEC Test Limits Cabling System performance criteria have been established internationally by the ISO IEC Standards body in the ISO IEC 11801 Standard The 11801 Standard establishes two applications referred to as Class C and Class D Cabling Links supporting Class C applications are specified up to 16 MHz Cabling Links supporting Class D applications are specified up to 100 M...

Page 142: ...6 14 9 4 19 36 20 N A 10 5 N A 35 31 25 N A 13 1 N A 32 62 5 N A 18 4 N A 27 100 N A 23 2 N A 24 Table A 5 ISO 11801 Class C Class D ACR Test Limits Frequency MHz Minimum ACR dB Class C Class D 1 35 3 4 22 4 40 10 12 3 35 16 5 30 20 28 31 25 23 62 5 13 100 4 Table A 6 ISO 11801 Class C Class D Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25 Ω Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 20 5 Ω ...

Page 143: ...formance required for proper operation of Ethernet and Token Ring networks respectively SCAN LAN VI checks against the following limits when those wiring systems are invoked from the menu These systems can be tested with either the plug or jack interface NOTE When diagnosing wiring problems on existing Ethernet or Token Ring networks it is appropriate to test to the IEEE standard for that particul...

Page 144: ... Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Resistance 9 9 Ω Characteristic Impedance 100 25 Ω NEXT 41 dB 5 MHz 38 dB 8 MHz 36 dB 10 MHz 33 dB 16 MHz 32 dB 20 MHz Attenuation 5 dB 5 MHz 6 dB 8 MHz 7 dB 10 MHz 9 dB 16 MHz 11 dB 20 MHz Split Pair NEXT 20 dB 8 to 10 MHz Table A 10 Token Ring STP Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 150 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT 35 dB Attenuati...

Page 145: ...A 12 100BASE T4 Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT Category 3 Channel Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 16 MHz Attenuation Category 3 Channel Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω Table A 13 TP PMD and TP PMD REV Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT Category 5 Channel Lim...

Page 146: ...801 Class D Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT ISO 11801 Class D Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz Attenuation ISO 11801 Class D Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω Table A 16 ScTP Class C Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT ISO 11801 Class C Limits Attenuation...

Page 147: ... ISO 11801 Class D Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz Attenuation ISO 11801 Class D Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 20 5 Ω Table A 19 ATM 155 Mbps Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT Category 5 Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz Attenuation Category 5 Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω A 8 Defining Custom Standards Ex...

Page 148: ...dard to copy for the new custom test standard then press EDIT F2 4 Press SELECT DESELECT F3 to choose the tests that will be performed Press either arrow key to move up or down the list Selected tests indicated by a mark will be included in the custom test 5 Press PAIRS F2 to select which wire pairs will be included in the tests twisted pair cables CANCEL PAIRS DESELECT SAVE Select Tests F1 F2 F3 ...

Page 149: ...ange the name move through the name with the LEFT and RIGHT keys and select new characters with the PREV and NEXT keys 9 Press ENTER to save the custom cable test standard NOTE When using the SCAN LAN VI testers matching custom cable definitions must be created on both units LEFT PREV NEXT RIGHT CAT5 Basic Link nn F1 F2 F3 F4 ENTER CABLE NAME Press ENTER to Save CANCEL TESTS DESELECT SAVE Select P...

Page 150: ...y 4 Basic Link 66 Category 4 Channel 66 Category 3 Basic Link 62 Category 3 Channel 62 Token Ring STP 78 Token Ring 4 UTP 60 Token Ring 16 UTP 69 10BASE T 62 100BASE TX 72 100BASE T4 58 TP PMD 72 TP PMD Rev 72 ScTP Class C 62 ScTP Class D 72 ATM 155 Mbps 72 FTP 120 Ohms 72 ScTP Class C 62 ScTP Class D 72 TP PMD Rev 72 ATM 155 Mbps 72 FTP 120 Ohms 72 ISO 11801 Class C 62 ISO 11801 Class D 72 ...

Page 151: ...55A 3 100 62 Belden 1229A 3 100 69 Belden 1245A 3 100 69 Belden 1250A 3 100 62 Berk Tek LAN Grade PL PVC 3 100 58 Berk Tek LAN Grade PL FEP 3 100 72 Berk Tek LAN Grade NP 3 100 69 Brand Rex CMP 00026 4F 3 100 60 CommScope 3504 3 100 68 Alpha 9404C 4 100 67 Alpha 9404F 4 100 73 AT T 2041A 4 100 75 Belden 1455A 4 100 72 Belden 1457A 4 100 75 Belden 1555A 4 100 72 Belden 1456A 4 100 71 Belden 1458A 4...

Page 152: ...150 SCAN LAN VI Manufacturer Part No Category Impedance Ω NVP Berk Tek HYPER Grade PL 5 100 72 Berk Tek HYPER Grade NP 5 100 69 Berk Tek LANmark PL 5 100 72 Berk Tek LANmark NP 5 100 70 ...

Page 153: ...C Optional Accessories The following accessories may be ordered separately from Black Box ACCESSORY PART NO Modular Jack Performance Module TS692 Coax Performance Module TS693 Battery Eliminator Rechargeable NiMH TS694 Carrying case softside TS695 ...

Page 154: ...e measurement accuracy Follow the procedures carefully including re calibration and testing D 2 Equipment CABLE REQUIRED Preferred Pre tested replacement cable from Black Box These cables have been tested for Near End Crosstalk and other critical parameters and have had wire ends prepared for direct installation Or EIA TIA T568A Category 5 patch cord 8 ft length cut in two Or 4 ft Category 5 patch...

Page 155: ...to avoid damage For the steps listed below refer to Figure D 1 2 Remove the two 11 16 inch 4 40 pan head screws from the Performance Module with a flat blade screwdriver 3 Work the grommet through the hole in the case toward the circuit board Move the grommet and the circuit board until both are free of the case 4 Make notation of old wire attachments including color versus position number and dir...

Page 156: ... for calibration assistance Read all instructions before starting cable preparation Figure D 2 Cable Preparation per EIA TIA T568B 1 Slide the plastic case and then the grommet onto the new cable 2 Slit the jacket lengthwise 13 8 inches 35 mm With ScTP cut the foil shield back to the jacket leaving the drain wire intact Pull the jacket away and then cut it off close to the bundle 78 INCHES 2 METER...

Page 157: ...lue for EIA TIA T568B to 11 8 inches 28 mm from the jacket 5 If using ScTP cut the bare drain wire to 1 inch 25 mm 6 Remove insulation 1 4 inch 6 mm from the end of each wire and twist to capture all strands Optionally tin the ends to capture all strands 7 Re twist each wire pair in their original direction Use two or three full twists for the two outer pairs and one or two twists for the two inne...

Page 158: ...n in Figure D 3 When the tie wrap is finally tightened its ratchet box should be approximately in the plane of the wire fan 5 Tighten tie wrap as much as possible until wrap material begins to stretch Cut off excess tie wrap 6 Carefully guide the grommet and circuit board into the case Once the cylindrical neck on the grommet is through the hole use the neck to pull the grommet into place The twis...

Page 159: ...y to factory specifications If your assembly fails this test re examine the twisted pairs as they enter the screw terminals Try twisting the wires tighter and make sure the twists extend as close as possible to the screw terminals Sometimes moving the pairs is all that is required Many CAT 5 patch cables have too much NEXT due to the way they are terminated at the plug end You may need to try seve...

Page 160: ... UTP cable is used use the T568B wire connections to T568A 110 Pair 3 Green White Green Pair 2 White Orange Orange Pair 1 BLue White BLue Pair 4 White BRown BRown to T568B 110 Pair 2 Orange White Orange Pair 3 White Green Green Pair 1 BLue White BLue Pair 4 White BRown BRown to T568A BIX Pair 3 Orange Blue Pair 2 Black Yellow Pair 1 Red Green Pair 4 Brown Gray to T568B BIX Pair 2 Yellow Black Pair...

Page 161: ...ynchronous Transfer Mode A high speed packet switching method Attenuation Reduction in the strength or power of a signal as it travels over the length of a cable Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio ACR An indication of the reliability of data communications through a network It is a computed value based upon the measured values of attenuation and NEXT AUI Attachment Unit Interface Connects the transcei...

Page 162: ... measurement of the speed of data transmission Block A connection system for cross connecting twisted pair telecommunication cable Also called punchdown block Common types include AT T 110 and 66 blocks BNC Bayonet Neil Concelman connector the connector used for coaxial cable in a Thin Ethernet network Bridge Attachment device that forwards packets from one LAN segment to another based upon destin...

Page 163: ...e mesh plus an outer protective jacket Collision The result of two stations simultaneously attempting to transmit data on a shared network transmission medium Concentrator A piece of LAN equipment that allows multiple network devices to be connected to the network cabling system through a central point Also called a hub Connecting Block An interconnecting point for several LAN segments Crossed Pai...

Page 164: ...energy outside of a transmission medium Ethernet A high speed local area network using the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMA CD media access method Far End Crosstalk FEXT Crosstalk that is measured at the opposite end of a cable from where the signal is injected Fault Any accidental condition that causes a component to fail FCC Federal Communications Commission FDDI Fiber...

Page 165: ...oncentrator I O Input Output IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame The distribution point where vertical backbone cable is connected to the horizontal cables IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Impedance A frequency dependent parameter defined by the ratio of the AC Voltage to Current across a circuit element Impulse Noise Non repetitive electrical spikes or pulses caused by extern...

Page 166: ...onnect a device to the Multi Station Access Unit MSAU for Token Ring MAC Medium Access Control The method of determining how stations access the medium at any time MAC Address A unique identification number assigned to each station connected to a network Sometimes called Station Address Main Cross Connects The connections between external telecommunications lines interbuilding backbone cable commo...

Page 167: ...ode Connecting point on a network A station or device on a network Noise Any random disturbance in a communications system that interferes with the integrity of the transmitted data NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation The speed of signal propagation through a cable expressed as a percentage of the speed of light in a vacuum Ohm The unit of measurement for resistance Open A break in the connection ...

Page 168: ...t pairs in a cable Protocol A standard set of rules specifying the format timing and sequencing for data transmission Punch Down Block A block of mechanical devices that is used to connect twisted pair cable PVC Polyvinyl Chloride a standard coating used on cables Receiver The portion of a station or node that receives the data communication Repeater A device that regenerates the data signal used ...

Page 169: ... surrounded by a metal shield plus an outer protective jacket Short A near zero resistance connection between two wires of a cable Signal to Crosstalk SCR The logarithmic ratio of the received signal to any signal that is coupled into the pair Signal to NEXT SNR The logarithmic ratio of the received signal to the near end crosstalk that is coupled into the pair Signal to Noise SNR The logarithmic ...

Page 170: ... of the cable ThickNet 10BASE5 Ethernet ThinNet 10BASE2 Ethernet Sometimes called Cheapnet TIA Telecommunications Industry Association Tip One conductor of a twisted pair cable Token A sequence of bits transmitted over a Ring or Bus network used to signify permission to transmit TP PMD Twisted Pair Physical Media Dependent A variation of the FDDI standard ANSI X3T9 5 adapted for 100 Mbps data tran...

Page 171: ...of cable used to carry telephone communication Voltage The potential difference between two points Wide Area Networks WAN Networks usually in the public domain that tie together widely separated computing devices or LANs Wiring Closet A room used to interconnect horizontal cable links and locate communication distribution equipment Also called telecommunications closet Word Data bits assembled in ...

Page 172: ...1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 724 746 5500 Fax 724 746 0746 Copyright 1999 Black Box Corporation All rights reserved ...

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