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OPERATION
Axioskop 40
Carl Zeiss
Illumination and contrast procedures
Axioskop 40 FL
3-30
B 40-810 e 12/01
3.5.6
Setting transmitted-light polarization
3.5.6.1
Detecting birefringence
(1)
Application
The transmitted-light polarization technique is used for specimens that change the polarization condition
of light. These are called birefringent, e.g. crystals, minerals or polymers. If these birefringent substances
are viewed between crossed polarizers (polarizer
⊥
analyzer), they are brightened while their
surroundings remain dark.
Birefringent substances are recognized by the fact that they feature 4 bright and 4 dark positions
between crossed polarizers when turned through 360°. Interference colors ranging from gray (mostly
with biological specimens) to white, yellow, red and blue occur as a function of birefringence, thickness
and orientation of the specimen. These interference colors can be of the 1
st
or a higher order.
(2)
Axioskop 40 and Axioskop 40 FL
configuration
−
Objectives suitable for polarization (tension-
free)
−
Rotary mechanical stage 75x50/240° R
−
Polarizer D (rotary or fixed), unless a polarizer is
integrated in the condenser
−
Analyzer carrier or analyzer module D in the
reflector turret (only available with Axio-
skop 40 L
(3)
Setting Axioskop 40 and
Axioskop 40 FL
•
Set the microscope as for transmitted-light
bright field according to KÖHLER (refer to
Section 3.5.1 (3)).
•
Center rotary mechanical stage (3-25/
3
) (refer
to Chapter 2).
•
Swivel polarizer (3-25/
2
) into the beam path
and position it to 0°, provided that a rotary
polarizer is used.
•
Insert analyzer carrier (3-25/
1
) above the nosepiece or swivel in analyzer module on reflector turret
(Axioskop 40 FL). The field of view now appears dark on account of the crossed polarizers.
Fig. 3-25
Transmitted-light polarization
components on the Axioskop 40 /
40 FL
Summary of Contents for Axioskop 40
Page 1: ...Operating Manual Axioskop 40 Axioskop 40 FL Routine microscope...
Page 14: ...INTRODUCTION Axioskop 40 Carl Zeiss Axioskop 40 FL 0 14 B 40 810 e 12 01...
Page 30: ...INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION Axioskop 40 Carl Zeiss Axioskop 40 FL 1 16 B 40 810 e 12 01...
Page 77: ...Axioskop 40 OPERATION Axioskop 40 FL Carl Zeiss B 40 810 e 12 01 3 3...
Page 128: ...OPERATION Axioskop 40 Carl Zeiss Axioskop 40 FL 3 54 B 40 810 e 12 01...
Page 146: ...APPENDIX Axioskop 40 Carl Zeiss Axioskop 40 FL A 8 B 40 810 e 12 01...