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APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY
TABLE D-1 (CONTINUED). TERMINOLOGY
TERM
MEANING
Gateway
A machine that provides a route (or pathway) to the outside world.
Hub
A network device that allows more than one computer to be connected as a LAN, usually using UTP cabling.
Internet
A worldwide system of computer networks - a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining network of networks
accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The Internet is technically distinguished because it
uses the TCP/IP set of protocols.
Intranet
A private TCP/IP network within an enterprise.
IP address
Fundamental internet addressing method that uses the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn.
IPMI
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) is a set of common interfaces to a computer system which
system administrators can use to monitor system health and manage the system. The IPMI standard defines
the protocols for interfacing with a service processor embedded into a server platform.
Key lifetimes
The length of time before keys are re-negotiated.
LAN
Local Area Network.
LDAP
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is based on the X.500 standard, but significantly simpler
and more readily adapted to meet custom needs. The core LDAP specifications are all defined in RFCs. LDAP
is a protocol used to access information stored in an LDAP server.
LED
Light-Emitting Diode.
MAC address
Every piece of Ethernet hardware has a unique number assigned to it called its MAC address. Ethernet is
used locally to connect the console server to the Internet, and it may share the local network with many other
appliances.
The MAC address is used by the local Internet router in order to direct console server traffic to it rather than
something else in the local area. It is a 48-bit number usually written as a series of 6 hexadecimal octets. For
example: 00:d0:cf:00:5b:da. A console server has a MAC address listed on a label underneath the device.
MSCHAP
Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MSCHAP) is authentication for PPP connections
between a computer using a Microsoft Windows operating system and a network access server. It is more
secure than PAP or CHAP, and is the only option that also supports data encryption.
NAT
Network Address Translation. The translation of an IP address used on one network to an IP address on
another network. Masquerading is one particular form of NAT.
Net mask
The way that computers know which part of a TCP/IP address refers to the network, and which part refers to
the host range.
NFS
Network File System is a protocol that allows file sharing across a network. Users can view, store, and update
files on a remote computer.
Out-of-band (OOB)
Out-of-Band (OOB) management is any management done over channels and interfaces that are separate
from those used for user/customer data. Examples would include a serial console interface or a network
interface connected to a dedicated management network that is not used to carry customer traffic, or to
a BMC/service processor. Any management done over the same channels and interfaces used for user/
customer data is In Band.
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is the usual method of user authentication used on the internet:
sending a username and password to a server where they are compared with a table of authorized users.
Whilst most common, PAP is the least secure of the authentication options.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol. A networking protocol for establishing simple links between two peers.
