Avtodizel ???-238??, Руководство по эксплуатации

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CYLINDER BLOCK
The cylinder block is low-alloyed cast iron cast. It is the base
for mounting of all engine parts and units. Block is V–shape form with
V-angle 90º. Right hand cylinder bank is displaced relatively left hand
one forward 35 mm, because on every crank pin journal of the crank-
shaft are installed two connecting rod.
The every liner hole has two aligned borings, worked in top and
bottom block plates, in which ones cylinder liner is centred; in the top
plate there is ring boring – the support for liner shoulder.
In the space between two cylinder banks there are four support
plates with threaded holes for installing of the high-pressure fuel injec-
tion pump. On the front block end there is boring for bearings of fuel
pump drive.
There is in the block the complex system of oil channels for
supplying of oil to crankshaft and camshaft bearings, and to oil filter
and water-cooled oil cooler.
The water jacket walls create closed force belt around every
cylinder hole and with additional ribs tie together top and bottom plates
of the cylinder part of the block, providing the necessary design rigid.
In the cross walls of the block crankcase part are located five borings
with the shells for crankshaft main journals and five borings with
bronze bushes, where the camshaft rotates.
The main bearing covers are attached to the block with two ver-
tical and two horizontal bolts and are worked together with block. It
provides the high block rigid around crankshaft. The main journal cov-
ers are not interchangeable.
Cylinder blocks among themselves have an equal construction
and are not interchangeable among themselves only owing to differ-
ence of strengthening to them of individual or block heads of cylinders
(circumscribed below).
CYLINDER HEAD
The cylinder head is low-alloyed cast-iron cast and attached to
block with studs. The studs made from chrome-nickel steel and thermal
treated. The cylinder head has cooling water jacket that is in communi-
cation with the block jacket. There are the holes on the head side sur-
face for supplying of fuel to the injector. The valves with springs and
their attachment parts, valve rockers, valve rocker shafts and injectors
are located in the head.