CHAPTER 21. LIVE AUDIO EFFECT REFERENCE
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Grain Delay now also has a dry/wet control; it can be routed to the vertical axis of the X-Y
controller.
21.17
Limiter
The Limiter Effect.
The Limiter effect is a mastering-quality dynamic range processor that ensures that the
output does not exceed a speci ed level. Limiter is ideal for use in the Master track, to
prevent clipping. A limiter is essentially a compressor with an in nite ratio. (For more
information about compression theory, see the manual entry for the
Compressor device
.)
The Gain knob allows you to boost or attenuate the incoming level before applying limiting.
Ceiling sets the absolute maximum level that the Limiter will output. If your incoming signal
level has no peaks that are higher than the ceiling, Limiter will have no effect.
The Stereo / L/R switch determines how Limiter treats peaks that occur on only one side of
the stereo signal. In L/R mode, Limiter functions as two separate limiters, with independent
limiting for each channel. Stereo mode applies limiting to both channels whenever either
of them has a peak that requires compression. L/R mode allows Limiter to apply more
compression, but with some distortion of the stereo image.
The Lookahead chooser affects how quickly Limiter will respond to peaks that require com-
pression. Shorter Lookahead times allow for more compression, but with an increase in
distortion - particularly in the bass.
The Release knob adjusts how long it takes for Limiter to return to normal operation after
the signal falls below the ceiling. With Auto enabled, Limiter analyzes the incoming signal
