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Contents

Thermo Scientific

Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV-Vis

Taking Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Basic Concentration Measurements—Basic A-%T-C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Chapter 14

Concentration Measurements—Advanced A-%T-C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Chapter 15

Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Rescaling Graphical Scan Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Performing Calculations on the Scan Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Viewing and Rescaling Tabular Scan Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Chapter 16

Multiwavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Recalling a Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Setting Up Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Adding Wavelengths and Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Deleting Wavelengths and Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Taking Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Chapter 17

Absorbance Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Recalling a Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Setting Up Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Measuring Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Chapter 18

Absorbance Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Recalling a Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Using the Absorbance Ratio Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Setting Up Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Measuring Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Содержание Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis

Страница 1: ...269 289800 Revision A October 2012 UV Vis Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis User Guide ...

Страница 2: ...urposes only System configurations and specifications in this document supersede all previous information received by the purchaser Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc makes no representations that this document is complete accurate or error free and assumes no responsibility and will not be liable for any errors omissions damage or loss that might result from any use of this document even if the informa...

Страница 3: ...election 8 On Off Toggle 8 Alphanumeric Entry 8 Setting Utility Parameters 9 Setting the Date and Time 9 Standby Mode 10 Setting Baseline Expiration Time 11 Setting the Screen Contrast 12 Chapter 3 Accessories 13 Cell Holders and Cell Holder Accessories 13 Cell Holder Configurations 13 Cell Holder Initialization 14 Changing Cell Holders 15 Installing the 6 Position Cell Holder and the Single Cell ...

Страница 4: ...er 10 Water Analysis Application 37 Loading a Test Method from the USB Stick to the AquaMate 37 Running a Test Method from the USB Stick 38 Running a Test Method from the AquaMate Instrument Library 38 Running a Test Method from the AquaMate SmartStart Menu 38 Running a Water Test 39 Programming a New Method or Altering the Factor s in a Method 41 Using the One Point Adjustment Calibration Feature...

Страница 5: ...amples 63 Chapter 15 Scanning 65 Recalling a Test 65 Setting Up Test Parameters 66 Collecting a Baseline Scan 66 Scanning a Sample 67 Viewing and Manipulating Scan Data 68 Rescaling Graphical Scan Data 68 Performing Calculations on the Scan Data 70 Viewing and Rescaling Tabular Scan Data 73 Chapter 16 Multiwavelength 75 Recalling a Test 75 Setting Up Test Parameters 76 Adding Wavelengths and Facto...

Страница 6: ...easuring Samples 101 Recalling and Recalculating Graphical Kinetics Results 102 Rescaling and Recalculating Tabular Kinetics Results 105 Chapter 22 Performance Verification 107 Accessing the Performance Verification Tests 107 Troubleshooting Checklist 108 Wavelength Accuracy Internal 109 Wavelength Accuracy Standard 110 Wavelength Repeatability UV Vis only 111 Resolution UV Vis only 112 Photometri...

Страница 7: ...Contents Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis vii Chapter 24 Parameters 127 Chapter 25 Calculations for Software 135 ...

Страница 8: ...Contents viii Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific ...

Страница 9: ...ou follow the precautionary statements presented in this guide The safety and other special notices appear in boxes Safety and special notices include the following Note Notes contain helpful supplementary information IMPORTANT Follow instructions labeled Important to avoid damaging the system hardware or losing data CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in mino...

Страница 10: ...Preface 2 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific ...

Страница 11: ...chapter describes Spectrophotometer Components Cell Holders Selecting and Positioning Cuvettes Z dimensions Spectrophotometer Components Here are some major components visible on the outside of a typical instrument Connectors The connectors are on the back of the instrument Keypad Sample compartment USB port ...

Страница 12: ...aMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific WARNING Avoid shock hazard Always turn off the instrument and unplug it from the wall outlet or power strip before you unplug the power cord from the instrument connector USB communication port USB printer port On Off switch A C power connector Fuse compartment ...

Страница 13: ... Function keys Performs a specific function as displayed above each key Functions will change depending on the software screen Some function keys may not be active Clears the value being entered Returns to the previous screen Deletes the last character entered Accepts highlighted entered or selected values Advances to the next parameter or screen ...

Страница 14: ...nt The Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis includes only the three position water analysis cell holder Other cell holders are available for purchase as optional accessories Prints the method or results to the selected printer If PC is selected for the printer sends the method or results to the USB port Displays a menu of software applications Displays the Utility screen Controls the location of the cursor Hig...

Страница 15: ...s Run Test to start a measurement the instrument attempts to initialize the cell positioner If a single cell holder is installed the message Error Single Cell Holder found Use Single Cell Holder appears Press Accept Change to continue the measurement with a single cell or install the 6 cell changer and press Cancel Change Cell Type Wavelength Optical Glass Borosilicate Glass 360 nm to 1100 nm 330 ...

Страница 16: ...se the same cell or cuvette for your blank and your samples Z dimensions The figure below illustrates the position of the light beam in the instrument Beam size specifications are shown below Distance from bottom of cuvette to center of beam Z dimension 8 5 mm Beam dimensions 2 mm wide by 7 mm tall Note The pathlength of test tubes is not as well defined as that of square cuvettes Note Always plac...

Страница 17: ...Entering Parameter Values The following sections describe the use of the keypad to interact with menus and controls These sections provide instructions for Numeric Entry Menu Selection On Off Toggle Alphanumeric Entry Numeric Entry With the parameter e g Wavelength highlighted start typing the numeric value An Entry window with the value range appears Type the complete entry and press Enter ...

Страница 18: ...nu Selection With the parameter Units or Sample Positioner highlighted press Enter to display the selection list Highlight the appropriate item and press Enter On Off Toggle With the parameter e g AutoPrint highlighted press Enter to toggle to the opposite value Alphanumeric Entry With the parameter e g Test Name highlighted press Enter The Name Entry screen appears Highlight the desired character...

Страница 19: ...meters such as the date and time standby setting screen contrast settings and printer setup You can also access a directory of all stored tests and the calculator function You cannot set utility parameters or change the utility when the instrument is carrying out a measurement Press Utility on the keypad Setting the Date and Time Highlight Date Time Setup and press Enter You can modify the date ti...

Страница 20: ...ppears To set the time 1 Highlight Set Time and press Enter 2 To set the hour press Set Hour type in the hour and press Enter 3 To set the minutes press Set Minute type in the minute and press Enter 4 To select between AM and PM if in AM PM time format press Set AM PM until the appropriate setting appears Standby Mode To prolong lamp life your spectrophotometer has been pre set at the factory to a...

Страница 21: ...ime If you will be performing scans on your samples you can set a time limit for which a collected baseline will be valid This is particularly useful when measurements are made in a production setting across multiple shifts or when the nature of the blank sample changes dramatically with time To set the baseline expiration time 1 Highlight Baseline Expiration hr min and press Enter 2 Enter the des...

Страница 22: ...te 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific Setting the Screen Contrast To make it easier to read the display you can adjust the screen contrast on the instrument To set the screen contrast 1 Highlight Screen Contrast and press Enter 2 Adjust the contrast by following the instructions on the screen 3 Press Esc ...

Страница 23: ...witching off the instrument Cell Holders and Cell Holder Accessories The AquaMate is shipped with a custom cell holder that accommodates a vial up to 25 mm in diameter a rectangular cell up 50 mm long or a 10 mm pathlength square cuvette An additional single cell platform and 6 cell carousel for 10 mm square cells is included with the Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Cell Holder Configurations The follo...

Страница 24: ...ger at the Blank position With the Water Analysis carousel the spectrophotometer will rotate the carousel to the default position then rotate the selected cell holder back into the measurement position This ensures that the cell holder is properly positioned in the beam If a single cell holder has been installed the message Error Single Cell Holder found Use Single Cell Holder appears Press Accept...

Страница 25: ...all the 6 Position Cell Holder and the Single Cell Holder 1 Open the sample compartment door and let it rest on its hinge 2 With one hand carefully lower the cell holder straight down into the sample compartment Note If while in this screen you remove the cell changer and press Run Sample the instrument will display Fatal Error 8 Press Esc to return to main menu Pressing Esc returns you to the par...

Страница 26: ...is and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific Figure 1 6 Position Cell Holder Figure 2 Single Cell Holder 3 With your other hand tighten the captive thumbscrew s 4 Close the sample compartment door Captive thumbscrew Captive thumbscrews Single cell holder Alignment pin hole ...

Страница 27: ...removing the cell holder s secured to the baseplate Each cell holder has a captive screw in the bottom of the holder that secures the holder to the baseplate Use a flat blade screwdriver to loosen the captive screw from the baseplate and lift the cell holder from the baseplate Then insert the new cell holder into the appropriate position and secure it to the baseplate by tightening the captive scr...

Страница 28: ...the instrument see Connectors on page 1 Note The instrument is compatible with most HP PCL printers brands other than HP will also be supported if they use the PCL5 communications protocol If the printer is not purchased from Thermo Scientific it is your responsibility to determine whether the printer is compatible with the instrument Contact technical support or your sales representative for more...

Страница 29: ...tically measures the blank and advances the cell changer to measure the samples in positions 2 and 4 Manual 3 This setting is used only for the Water Analysis test Use the buttons on the keypad to position the desired sample holder in the beam for measurement Single Cell Holder Place the blank in the cell holder measure it place a sample in the cell holder and then measure your sample This process...

Страница 30: ...nk position and your samples in the other cell positions Regardless of where the cell holder is positioned when you press Measure Blank the cell holder automatically goes to the blank position and measures the blank However you can use the cell position buttons to select a different position for the measurement Note When you have the Cell Changer installed the instrument always considers the mater...

Страница 31: ... see Selecting and Positioning Cuvettes on page 5 Place the blank cuvette in Cell B of the cell changer Cell Correction To run Cell Correction 1 Load the test type or stored test 2 If Cell Correction is not visible highlight More parameters and press Enter Note Cell Correction is not active from the Main Basic ATC screen Note Cell Correction is active only when the 6 Position Cell Holder is set to...

Страница 32: ...ction is run on a blank and one sample cell for the range of wavelengths you specify in Scanning mode Discrete nms Cell Correction is run on a blank and up to five sample cells for up to 31 user specified discrete wavelengths 6 If you selected Scan mode in the preceding step specify the Start Wavelength and the Stop Wavelength values Note When Cell Correction is activated additional parameter line...

Страница 33: ...tablishes the required correction factors which then are automatically applied during all subsequent tests if Cell Correction is activated Specifying Wavelengths for Discrete nms Mode To specify wavelengths for Discrete nms mode 1 Highlight Sample Positioner and press Enter to set this parameter to either Auto 3 when using three large cell holders or Auto 6 when using six small cell holders 2 High...

Страница 34: ...er 8 After entering all the wavelengths press Run Corr to start Cell Correction The application measures the other cells against the blank and records stores and dates the measurements From these measurements the application establishes the required correction factors which are applied during all subsequent tests if Cell Correction is activated Note Match cells at all analytical wavelengths Matchi...

Страница 35: ...ment and values for all parameters are the same as when the instrument was last used If you load a saved test the values for all parameters stored with it replace the current values of the test parameters Software Password This password lets you lock test setups test parameters so they may not be overwritten or deleted The password also lets you remove the security so you may edit the test paramet...

Страница 36: ...e name Accept the name 2 Highlight the first character for the test name and press Add Character 3 Continue selecting and adding characters until the name is complete 4 Press Accept Name Saving a Test After a method has been configured there are two options for saving a test The test method can be saved to an external memory device using the front USB port or to the internal memory of the spectrop...

Страница 37: ... AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis 27 To save a test in the instrument library 1 Press Save Test A prompt appears 2 Select the appropriate location and press Enter 3 Create or enter a name for the test Use the procedure in Naming a Test on page 25 ...

Страница 38: ... the test is included as a SmartStart test See SmartStart on page 31 6 Highlight the appropriate SmartStart option and press Enter to save the test Loading Test Files You can load saved test files from the internal memory from the Utility screen To load test files 1 To access all test files press Utility 2 Highlight Stored Tests Directory and press Enter ...

Страница 39: ...test highlight it and press Lock Unlock Enter the password and press Enter Deleting a Test To delete a test highlight it and press Delete Test Note To view the stored tests of a particular test type press Test select a test type and press Stored Tests Note To lock or unlock access to the file you must enter the software password of this manual ...

Страница 40: ...6 Managing Stored Tests Deleting a Test 30 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 41: ...ically loads this test and prepares for immediate measurement If you select more than one test as SmartStart tests the instrument when powered on automatically displays a menu containing only those tests To set up a single test SmartStart 1 Press Utility to display the Utility screen 2 Highlight Stored Tests Directory and press Enter 3 Highlight the appropriate test and press Select Test An arrow ...

Страница 42: ...st The Main Menu will be displayed upon power up To set up a multiple test SmartStart 1 Follow steps 1 through 3 in the procedure above for setting up a single test SmartStart 2 Select the desired tests An arrow sign indicates the tests selected for the SmartStart menu Press Esc to return to the Utility screen or power down the instrument Note To remove tests from the SmartStart menu see the proce...

Страница 43: ...ion Units Concentration and kinetics tests include a parameter for units which labels the results The spectrophotometer includes a set of basic concentration units All programs in the spectrophotometer use the same list of basic units C concentration μg L ppm M L ppb mM L g L IU mg L pM μL mg mL ng μL Custom units can also be created for more information see Creating Custom Units on page 34 ...

Страница 44: ...ustom concentration unit and add it to the list This custom concentration unit can be changed when desired To create custom units 1 With the Units Selection window displayed press Edit Unit Use this screen to Delete the name of a unit Delete a character in the name of a unit Add a character to the name of a unit Accept the name of a unit 2 Follow steps 2 through 4 in Naming a Test on page 25 The n...

Страница 45: ...se the Calculator function 1 From the Utility menu highlight Calculator and press Enter 2 Use the numeric keypad to enter the desired value 3 Press the desired function x or 4 Enter the second desired value and press Enter Note You can only add subtract multiply or divide two lines of numbers at a time ...

Страница 46: ...9 Calculator Function 36 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 47: ...e 1 Access the USB memory stick using a computer 2 Copy the desired test method s from the Orion Merck and or CHEMetrics folders to the Thermo folder 3 Remove the USB memory stick from the computer and insert it into the USB port on the front of the AquaMate spectrophotometer 4 When the AquaMate spectrophotometer is first powered on it will display the initial measurement screen 5 Press test to ac...

Страница 48: ...ghlight Load test from USB drive and press enter 6 Press the keys to highlight the appropriate test method and press the Load Test function key 7 Press the Run Test function key Running a Test Method from the AquaMate Instrument Library 1 From the initial measurement screen press test to access the test types 2 Press the keys to highlight Water Analysis and press enter 3 Press the Stored Tests fun...

Страница 49: ...arousel control of the keypad corresponding to the correct cell holder shape circle for vials or test tubes square for 10 mm square cuvettes rectangle for long path rectangular cuvettes If necessary the instrument will rotate the carousel to place the correct cell holder in the measurement position Insert a cuvette tube or vial containing the blank or zero solution into the sample holder Note Idea...

Страница 50: ...al or tube containing your sample in the sample holder close the lid and press the function key under the Measure Sample option The screen will display the result as shown below Note When running a reverse color test a reagent blank will also be required in addition to the normal blank Insert the reagent blank if necessary and press the function key under the Rgnt Blank option Open the lid and rem...

Страница 51: ...r Analysis test menu below Press the Enter button to alter the value for the highlighted parameter Change the highlighted parameter by pressing the up down buttons The measurement wavelength can also be edited by simply starting to press number keys when the parameter is highlighted If a reverse color test is being programmed then the Reverse Color option must be enabled by setting this field to O...

Страница 52: ...s C and D Using the One Point Adjustment Calibration Feature Use the one point adjustment feature prior to running a preprogrammed test method to ensure accurate measurements This procedure is recommended each time a new batch of reagents are used to account for variations in batch to batch reagent composition and other factors that affect the accuracy of a method with a fixed calibration curve Wh...

Страница 53: ...d sample concentration Refer to the specific reagent chemistry section for detailed instructions 4 Press the Calculate 1pt Adjust function key The screen below will appear with the Standard Concentration value highlighted 5 Press enter to edit this field then use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the standard and press enter 6 Wipe the exterior of the blank vial and place the blank ...

Страница 54: ...e sample chamber 11 Wipe the exterior of the standard vial and place the standard vial into the holder in the sample chamber 12 Close the sample chamber door 13 Press the Measure Standard function key 14 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the sample chamber The display will show the standard concentration that was entered in step 5 the measured concentration without a correction...

Страница 55: ...ent correction factor in use the display will show 1pt Adj next to the test name Using a Reverse Color Method Reverse color methods are recognizable as those which have a negative factor i e the slope of the calibration curve is negative For these methods the chemistry used to make the measurement causes a dark color high absorbance for very low concentrations of analyte and an increasingly lighte...

Страница 56: ...suring test samples Using a Preprogrammed Reverse Color Method Load the method from the library An example of a reverse color method screen is shown below To run the method follow the sequence of steps below 1 Press the Run Test function key The following screen appears 2 Place a cuvette tube or vial containing a clear colorless blank solution such as distilled water in the measurement position an...

Страница 57: ...re Rgnt Blank function key The Measure Sample option appears 4 Place your sample in the measurement position and press the Measure Sample function key The data for your sample measurement are displayed Continue to press the Measure Sample function key after placing each sample in the measurement position in the sample compartment Note If you leave the method by pressing the Esc key or the Test key...

Страница 58: ...program a new reverse color test go to the main water test menu scroll down to the Reverse Color option and press the Enter key The value for Reverse Color will change to On Scroll down to More Parameters and press the Enter key Set the factor or polynomial equation using the values supplied with the test kit or calculated by your laboratory during development of the test ...

Страница 59: ...ype in the numeric value of the factor Press the Enter key to confirm the value Saving your method after creation is recommended Press the Save Test function key to save your method to the library and or a USB memory stick once you have programmed it Press the Run Test function key to begin the test See the previous section for a detailed explanation of the blanking and measurement procedure ...

Страница 60: ...10 Water Analysis Application Using a Reverse Color Method 50 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 61: ...ther the mode is set to Absorbance A Transmittance T or Concentration the result appears along with the type of measurement the date and time the wavelength and the cell position used for the measurement To toggle between Absorbance Transmittance and Concentration press Change Mode You can toggle modes whenever you see Change Mode When Basic ATC is set to Absorbance or Transmittance these capabili...

Страница 62: ...place the blank in the B position 2 To enter an absorbance or transmittance value for the blank press a number key and enter the desired value in the Entry field 3 Press Measure Blank Measuring Samples If a 6 Position Cell Changer is installed place the samples in the cell positions and press the corresponding cell position button to move the cell holder to the measuring position The absorbance AB...

Страница 63: ...ittance measurements that include Cell Correction or a measurement delay time or for automating the measurement of multiple samples with a cell changer This section covers Selecting the measurement mode Absorbance or Transmittance Cell Correction Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Taking Measurements To get started press Test highlight Advanced A T C and press Enter ...

Страница 64: ...meters appear only if you select one of the concentration modes while others appear regardless of the selected measurement mode See Parameters on page 125 for a complete list 2 When the parameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Measure Sample to measure a blank or samples Taking Measurements To take measurements automatically using Auto 6 or Auto 3 1 Press Run Sample 2 Install the bla...

Страница 65: ...ss Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to its previous position 4 Press Measure Sample The sample measurement appears If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the cell position buttons to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the samples manually ...

Страница 66: ...12 Abs and T Measurements Advanced A T C Taking Measurements 56 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page is intentionally left blank ...

Страница 67: ...sured For better accuracy and the ability to save and recall methods and data use the Standard Curve application mode described in Concentration Measurements Standard Curve Application on page 91 Measuring concentration using the Basic ATC mode is similar to measuring Absorbance or T Basic ATC mode lets you measure concentration using either a factor or one standard to convert absorbance readings ...

Страница 68: ...actor appears Using Conc Std to Measure Concentration In this mode a standard sample of well known concentration is used to determine the concentration of samples The concentration of unknown samples is determined ratiometrically from the measured standard The measurement can be expressed mathematically as where the standard concentration is precisely known the Abs T of the standard and the Abs T ...

Страница 69: ...rument measures the absorbance of the standard and displays the absorbance and calculated factor Using Conc Factor to Measure Concentration In this mode a concentration factor is used to determine the concentration of samples The concentration of unknown samples is determined ratiometrically from the entered factor The measurement can be expressed mathematically as Abs T of Sample Factor Concentra...

Страница 70: ...the appropriate unit in the list and press Enter 8 Press Esc to return to the Conc With Factor screen Measuring Samples If the 6 Position Cell Changer is installed place the sample you want to measure in one of the cell positions and press the corresponding cell position button to move the cell changer to the measuring position The measurement appears If the Single Cell Changer is installed remove...

Страница 71: ...rements for Selecting a measurement mode concentration with one standard or concentration with a factor Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Measuring a Standard or Entering a Factor only if you select either concentration with one standard or concentration with a factor Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples To get started press Test highlight Advanced A T C and press Enter ...

Страница 72: ...t the desired parameter Some parameters appear only if you select a concentration mode while others appear regardless of the selected measurement mode See Parameters for a complete list 2 When the parameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Run Standard to measure a standard if in Conc Std or press Run Test if in Conc Factor Measuring a Standard To measure a standard automatically using...

Страница 73: ...evious position 5 Press Measure Standard The instrument measures the absorbance of the standard and displays the absorbance and calculated factor Entering a Factor To enter a factor Highlight Factor To change the factor enter the correct factor To change the units highlight Units and select the correct units Measuring Samples To measure a sample automatically using Auto 6 or Auto 3 1 Press Run Tes...

Страница 74: ...Scientific 3 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to its previous position 4 Press Measure Sample If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the cell position buttons to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the samples manually ...

Страница 75: ...le Viewing and Manipulating Scan Data Rescaling Graphical Scan Data Determining Peak Height Using a 3 point Net Equation Calculating the Area Under a Curve Labeling Peaks and Valleys To get started press Test highlight Scanning and press Enter Recalling a Test To recall a test 1 Press Stored Tests 2 Highlight the test you want to recall and press Enter Note The Scanning application lets you measur...

Страница 76: ...ameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or a sample Collecting a Baseline Scan To collect a baseline scan 1 Press Run Test Note If Cell Correction is ON you must run the Setup Correction application before you can access Run Test or Measure Samples Note If Auto Save Data is ON you must enter a Data File Name before you can access Run Test or Measure Samples ...

Страница 77: ...a Sample To scan a sample 1 Press Run Test If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed place the sample in cell position 1 2 Press Measure Sample Note To switch between tabular and graphical displays press Graph Tabular Note If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed be sure to place the sample in cell position 1 The instrument always uses cell position 1 to scan the sample Note To switch between tabul...

Страница 78: ...ng Calculations on the Scan Data Labeling Peaks and Valleys Rescaling Graphical Scan Data You can modify the scale of your scan data plot automatically or manually When you select Auto Scale the instrument scales the X and Y axes so all the data appears on the plot When you select Manual Scale you select specific minimum and maximum values for the axes When you modify the scale the instrument reca...

Страница 79: ...all the data appears on the plot To use the Cursor 1 With your scan data displayed on the edit scale screen press Cursor 2 Use Cursor to move to the desired minimum wavelength value Press Set Min X to redraw the plot using the new minimum wavelength value 3 Repeat using Cursor and Set Max X to set the new maximum wavelength To use the Manual Scale function 1 Press Manual Scale to display the manua...

Страница 80: ...nimum and maximum values Performing Calculations on the Scan Data You can modify your graph by performing calculations on the data In the Edit Graph screen press Math The Math screen provides these capabilities Labeling Peaks and Valleys Smoothing Data Calculating the Area Under a Curve Determining Peak Height Using a 3 point Net Equation Labeling Peaks and Valleys To label valleys and peaks 1 Wit...

Страница 81: ... shows sampling noise you can smooth the data with the smoothing function To smooth data With your scan data displayed on the edit graph screen press Smoothing On Determining Peak Height Using a 3 point Net Equation To determine 3 point net measurements 1 With your scan data displayed on the edit graph screen press Math 2 Press 3 Pt Net The 3 point net measurement screen shows the cursor options a...

Страница 82: ...tivate the center and right cursor lines Select the wavelengths with Cursor and Cursor Repeat until all three wavelengths have been selected 5 Press Enter Factor to access the set factor box Enter the desired factor and press Enter The instrument calculates the value for the 3 point net absorbance for the selected wavelengths multiplied by the selected factor Calculating the Area Under a Curve To ...

Страница 83: ... the next cursor line Select the wavelength with Cursor and Cursor 5 Press Set Options to access the set options window 6 Highlight Factor Enter the desired factor and press Enter 7 Highlight Calculation baseline 8 Press Enter to toggle between Zero and Tangent 9 Press Esc to return to the area under a curve screen The instrument calculates the area under a curve for the selected wavelengths facto...

Страница 84: ...le of scan data displayed on the edit screen press Use All Data To select specific start and end wavelengths 1 With your table of scan data displayed on the edit screen highlight the appropriate data point in the table 2 Press Start nm or End nm The instrument highlights the selected data points To display the plot using the highlighted data points press Graph ...

Страница 85: ...nts It is a fast alternative to scanning if the wavelengths of interest are well known Use Multiwavelength for Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Cell Correction Adding Wavelengths and Factors Deleting Wavelengths and Factors Taking Measurements To get started press Test highlight Multiwavelength and press Enter Recalling a Test To recall a test 1 Press Stored Tests ...

Страница 86: ... instructions on adding or deleting wavelengths and factors If you have previously selected the wavelengths to measure press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or samples If you have not selected the wavelengths you can add wavelengths and factors as shown below Adding Wavelengths and Factors To add wavelengths and factors 1 Press Set nms Note If Cell Correction is ON you mu...

Страница 87: ... the wavelengths and factors Deleting Wavelengths and Factors To delete wavelengths and factors 1 Press Set nms 2 Highlight the first wavelength and factor pair to delete 3 Press Delete nm Taking Measurements You can access Multiwavelength acquisition from either the Set nms screen shown above or from the Multiwavelength setup screen To take measurements automatically Auto 6 or Auto 3 1 Press Run ...

Страница 88: ...he blank in the B position The holder can hold five samples 3 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to its previous position 4 With the list of wavelengths and factors displayed press Measure Samples to measure and display the absorbance at each wavelength If you set the measurement mode to Concentration Factor the ...

Страница 89: ...iminate the effects of a sample matrix Typically used in quality control applications an absorbance ratio provides a convenient and quick diagnostic test for sample quality Use Absorbance Ratio for Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Cell Correction Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples To get started press Test highlight Absorbance Ratio and press Enter Recalling a Test To recall a test 1 I...

Страница 90: ...ts Measuring a Blank Setting Up Test Parameters To set up test parameters 1 In the Absorbance Ratio screen highlight the desired parameter 2 When the parameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or samples Measuring Samples Note If Cell Correction is ON you must run the Setup Correction application before you can access Run Test or Measure Samples Note If Auto...

Страница 91: ...Single Cell Holder 1 In the Absorbance Ratio screen press Run Test 2 Install the blank and sample A 6 Position Cell Holder can hold five samples 3 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to its previous position 4 Press Measure Sample If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the cell position buttons to repositi...

Страница 92: ...17 Absorbance Ratio Measuring Samples 82 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 93: ...velength correction is available to eliminate the effects of a sample matrix Typically used in quality control applications an absorbance difference application provides a convenient and quick diagnostic test for sample quality Use Absorbance Difference for Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Cell Correction Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples To get started press Test highlight Absorbance...

Страница 94: ...t Parameters Cell Correction Saving a Test Viewing the list of stored tests Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples Setting Up Test Parameters To set up test parameters 1 In the Absorbance Ratio screen highlight the parameter to set 2 When the parameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or samples Note If Cell Correction is ON you must run the Setup Correction ap...

Страница 95: ...erence screen press Run Test 2 Install the blank and samples 3 Press Enter To measure samples manually using Manual 6 or Single Cell Holder 1 In the Absorbance Difference screen press Run Test 2 Install the blank and samples A 6 Position Cell Holder can hold five samples 3 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to it...

Страница 96: ...s 86 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific 4 Press Measure Sample If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the position buttons to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the samples manually ...

Страница 97: ...A factor can be multiplied by the measured peak height to give the concentration of the measured analyte in the appropriate concentration units Use 3 Point Net for Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Cell Correction Taking Measurements To get started press Test highlight 3 Point Net and press Enter Note If Cell Correction is ON you must run the Setup Correction application before you can a...

Страница 98: ...eters To set up test parameters 1 Highlight the desired parameter 2 When the parameters are set press Save Test to save the test or Run Test to measure a blank or samples Taking Measurements To take measurements automatically Auto 6 or Auto 3 1 With the 3 Point Net Setup screen displayed and the parameters set press Run Test to display the 3 Point Net measurement screen Note If Cell Correction is ...

Страница 99: ...ake measurements manually using Manual 6 or Single Cell Holder 1 Press Run Test 2 Install the blank and samples If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed place the blank in the B position The holder can hold five samples 3 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure the blank and returns to its cell position ...

Страница 100: ...ion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific 4 Press Measure Sample If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the cell position buttons to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the samples manually ...

Страница 101: ...s standard curve is used to measure the concentration of samples Use Standard Curve for Creating a standard curve set up the parameters and then measure the standards for the curve Cell Correction Measuring Samples Viewing calibration curve data select between graphical and tabular displays Editing a Standard Curve change the number of standards select a different curve fit or delete points from t...

Страница 102: ...heir cell positions 2 Set parameters for measuring the standards See Parameters on page 125 for a complete list a Enter the Test Name Wavelength Reference Wavelength Correction and Reference Wavelength b Select the Curve Fit Units and Sample Positioner c Set Number of Standards and Number of Samples d Enter the low and high limits e Select the settings for Statistics and AutoPrint f Run Cell Corre...

Страница 103: ...ows the absorbance of each standard along with the slope intercept and correlation coefficient of the standard curve To measure standards manually using Manual 6 or Single Cell Holder 1 Install the blank and standards 2 When the parameters are correct press Run Standards 3 Set Entry concentration 4 Press Measure Blank If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed it moves to the B position to measure t...

Страница 104: ...ercept and correlation coefficient of the standard curve Using the Standards Screen Here is an example of the Standards screen showing measurement results You can use this screen for Displaying a graph of the standard curve data press View Graph Saving a Test press Save Test Editing a Standard Curve press Edit Standards Measuring Samples press Run Test Measuring Samples To measure samples automati...

Страница 105: ...on to measure the blank and returns to its previous position 4 Press Measure Samples If a 6 Position Cell Holder is installed press the cell position buttons to reposition the cell holder and measure the rest of the samples manually When the instrument has measured all the samples the Standards screen shows the absorbance and concentration of each sample Editing a Standard Curve You may edit the c...

Страница 106: ... concentration value in the Entry field 5 Press Enter To add a standard 1 With the standard curve displayed press Edit Standards 2 Highlight Add Standard 3 Enter the concentration value of the additional standard in the Entry field 4 Press Enter 5 Press Measure Standards to remeasure all the standards To delete a standard 1 With the standard curve displayed highlight the standard to delete and pre...

Страница 107: ...light Reset Standards and press Enter All standards and measurements are removed from the screen To select a different curve fit for a standard curve 1 With the standard curve you want to edit displayed as a graph press Change Fit 2 Highlight the curve fit to use for the standard curve and press Enter The instrument applies the selected curve fit to the data and displays the new fit Note To change...

Страница 108: ...20 Concentration Measurements Standard Curve Application Editing a Standard Curve 98 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page is intentionally left blank ...

Страница 109: ...data point limit of the embedded software Software control streamlines the use of more sophisticated computer applications to analyze kinetics data after collection Use Kinetics for Recalling a Test Setting Up Test Parameters Cell Correction Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples Recalling and Recalculating Graphical Kinetics Results Rescaling and Recalculating Tabular Kinetics Results Modifying the ...

Страница 110: ...screen press Stored Tests 2 Highlight the test to recall and press Enter This screen provides these capabilities Setting Up Test Parameters Setting up Cell Correction Saving a Test Viewing the list of stored tests Measuring a Blank Measuring Samples Setting Up Test Parameters To set up test parameters 1 In the Kinetics screen highlight the desired parameter ...

Страница 111: ...rom Test Initiation to first measurement allows for sample equilibration Adv Interval Time Enters the time between repeated readings Measure Blank as function key Selects the frequency of zeroing the instrument Once or Every Reading Note If Cell Correction is ON you must run the Setup Correction application before you can access Run Test or Measure Samples Note If Auto Save Data is ON you must ent...

Страница 112: ...lays press Graph Tabular On a graphical display you can press Edit Graph and then press Cursor to move the cursor line from one position to another on the plot As the cursor moves the rate and result values indicate the values for the point where the cursor is located Recalling and Recalculating Graphical Kinetics Results The Kinetics application lets you view and manipulate results in graphical o...

Страница 113: ...ate and result The edit screen lets you Use Auto Scale to change the scale display the new graph and recalculate the results Use Manual Scale to change the scale display the new graph and recalculate the results Use the cursor to select new minimum or maximum values for the X axis and recalculate the results To use Auto Scale With your kinetics data displayed on the Edit Graph screen press Auto Sc...

Страница 114: ...ered minimum and maximum values and displays the recalculated rate and result 3 Continue until you have entered all the values you want to change To use the Cursor function 1 With your kinetics data displayed on the edit screen press Cursor to display the cursor options 2 Press Cursor or Cursor to position the cursor line on the appropriate point on the graph The data for the selected point appear...

Страница 115: ... and end times When you modify the start and end times or select all the data the instrument recalculates and displays the new reaction rate and result The edit screen lets you Use all the data to recalculate the results Select specific start and end times for the rate calculation and recalculate the results To use all the data to calculate the reaction rate With your table of kinetics data displa...

Страница 116: ...21 Kinetics Rescaling and Recalculating Tabular Kinetics Results 106 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 117: ...ly Photometric Accuracy Noise Stray Light Run the appropriate tests regularly and maintain a log of results to help document the reliability of the instrument and indicate potential performance issues Accessing the Performance Verification Tests To access the Performance Verification tests 1 Press Tests 2 Highlight Performance Verification and press Enter Note If a printer is installed and turned ...

Страница 118: ...est properly Filters and standards are clean The sample compartment door is closed during the test The sample compartment is clear of obstructions The cell holder assembly is installed properly If the 6 Position Cell Holder is installed run the test once with the sample compartment door open to verify that the 6 Position Cell Holder is moving smoothly No problems are indicated by the power on diag...

Страница 119: ...rve as a fundamental standard Vis Didymium glass has strong transmission peaks at 585nm and 807nm These peaks are well characterized and suitable for use as wavelength standards When running the internal standard test remember that The wavelengths and tolerance values are preset and cannot be changed The cell holder should be empty To run the Wavelength Accuracy Internal test 1 Highlight Wavelengt...

Страница 120: ...n certificate included with your standards When running the Wavelength Accuracy test remember You need Wavelength Accuracy standards designed to measure the wavelength accuracy at the specified wavelengths Use an empty cell holder as the blank Measure the standards in the order they are listed on the test screen You can measure the wavelength standard at only five wavelengths To run the Wavelength...

Страница 121: ...the same as the values on the calibration certificate for the standard Wavelength Repeatability UV Vis only This test measures the ability of the spectrophotometer to return to an identical wavelength in a repeatable manner The test uses the internal xenon lamp A xenon lamp has a strong fundamental line 529 nm This line is an essential property of xenon and serves as a fundamental standard When ru...

Страница 122: ...dvice Resolution UV Vis only This test measures the ability of the spectrophotometer to resolve adjacent features in a spectrum The test is performed using a 0 02 v v solution of toluene in hexane and requires a hexane blank When running the internal standard test remember that the wavelengths and tolerance values are preset and cannot be changed To run the Resolution test 1 Highlight Resolution a...

Страница 123: ...ards and compares the results with specified tolerances The wavelength absorbencies and tolerances are preset but you should change them to the values on the calibration certificate included with your standards When running the Photometric Accuracy test remember You need Photometric Accuracy standards calibrated to known absorbance values at specified wavelengths Measure the standards in the order...

Страница 124: ...ransmittance and the tolerance value To add a standard 1 Press Add Std and enter the wavelength value in the Entry field 2 Press Enter or Add nm to add the wavelength to the list 3 Enter the absorbance or T value for the entered wavelength in the Entry field 4 Press Enter 5 Enter the tolerance for the entered wavelength in the Entry field 6 Press Enter The test screen displays the values you just ...

Страница 125: ...test twice to verify that the test is failing consistently Follow the guidelines provided with the standard reference materials For more troubleshooting advice contact our sales or service representative in your area or use the information at the beginning of this document to contact us Noise This test measures the amount of noise The Vis instrument measures only at 340 nm All test parameters are ...

Страница 126: ...failing consistently Make sure the instrument is warmed up for at least 30 minutes with the standby mode feature turned off For more troubleshooting advice contact our sales or service representative in your area or use the information at the beginning of this document to contact us Stray Light This test measures the stray light at selected wavelengths and compares the measurements with expected v...

Страница 127: ... nm stray light standard SRE 400 or equivalent Running the Test In the Stray Light screen make sure the wavelengths and tolerances are set correctly To run the Stray Light test 1 Highlight Stray Light 2 Press Enter 3 Press Start Test The results indicate pass or fail for each wavelength If the test fails follow these guidelines Repeat the test twice to verify that the test is failing consistently ...

Страница 128: ...22 Performance Verification Stray Light 118 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 129: ...the instrument including the keypad with a soft cloth to remove any dust or spills Water isopropyl alcohol and other common laboratory cleaning agents may be used if necessary Always clean up spills as soon as they occur to prevent or minimize damage to the instrument If concentrated acids or bases or any hydrocarbon materials are spilled on the instrument clean up the affected area immediately WA...

Страница 130: ...oduced into the cell Cleaning methods depend to some extent on the nature of the contaminating material It is important to identify the residual material in the cell that needs to be removed Refer to the following table for suggestions on cleaning methods solvents and material Solvents Examples Suggested Cleaning Methods Aqueous Protein Biologics DNA Warm water with detergent Dilute nitric acid 10...

Страница 131: ... Rinse with organic solvent Warm water with detergent Dilute nitric acid 10 rinse Copious water rinse IMPORTANT Keeping the cell clean is very important for long cell life Term Definition Dilute acid Dilute nitric acid 10 Acid Hydrochloric 5M acid or nitric acid 5M see the Note below Solvent rinse Rinse with the solvent that was originally used to solvate your analyte Copious water rinse Use a pur...

Страница 132: ...s Do not apply too much pressure or the surface of the windows may be damaged Be sure to remove all fingerprints Changing the Fuse The fuse is located in the power entry module located at the center of the back panel of the instrument 120 VAC 2 5 A Slo Blo 240 VAC 1 25 A Slo Blo 2 required To change the fuse 1 Turn off and unplug the instrument from the wall outlet or power strip 2 Position the in...

Страница 133: ...ew fuses pushing them in so they snap into place 8 Replace the fuse cover 9 Replace the power cord 10 Plug the instrument back in to the wall outlet or power strip and turn on the power Replacing the Tungsten Lamp Note If the fuse blows again contact your distributor or technical support WARNING This lamp gets very hot during operation Before removing the lamp turn off the instrument and allow the...

Страница 134: ...kwise about turn 4 Raise the lamp door 5 Unscrew the thumbscrew while holding the lamp assembly in place 6 Carefully pull the assembly out until you can reach the connector 7 Release the tab and disconnect the cable 8 Unpack the new lamp assembly 9 Use a soft lint free cloth to wipe off any fingerprints on the lamp 10 Connect the cable to the connector WARNING Turn off and unplug the instrument be...

Страница 135: ...0 UV Vis 125 11 Position the new assembly as shown above making sure to align the pins correctly 12 Tighten the thumbscrew 13 Close the lamp door 14 Turn on the instrument and press the UTILITY key 15 Press the arrow keys to highlight Lamp Hours and press ENTER 16 Press ENTER to reset the lamp hours to zero ...

Страница 136: ...23 Maintenance Replacing the Tungsten Lamp 126 Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis and Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 137: ...r Adds a highlighted character to the Name entry Test Name and Edit Units Add nm Lets you add a wavelength and factor to the list in Multiwavelength tests and some Performance Verification tests Area Lets you calculate area under the peak in the graph Scanning AutoPrint Turns the automatic printout on or off Autoscale Rescales the graph to the original ranges of the X and Y axes Kinetics Scanning ...

Страница 138: ...n Discrete nms or Scan Cursor Goes to Cursor tracking mode to view data points in the graph Kinetics Scanning Cursor Cursor Moves the cursor right or left on the graph and displays the data of each point Kinetics Scanning Curve Fit Selects the type of line fit calculation Standard Curve tests Data File Name Allows entry of a name for the data file when AutoSave ON Date Cell Correction Displays the...

Страница 139: ...tinction coefficient DNA Factor Enter the factor to calculate DNA concentration DNA Bio Tests Edit Lets you change a wavelength or factor in the list Multiwavelength and some Performance Verification tests Edit Curve Lets you manipulate the graph Kinetics Edit Data Lets you select a portion of the data in a table for recalculation of a result Kinetics and Scanning Edit Graph Lets you manipulate th...

Страница 140: ...ber Displays the serial number of the instrument Utility Intercept Enters where the line crosses the Y axis Abs where conc 0 Interval Enters the wavelength range between data points Scanning tests only Interval Time Enters the time between repeated readings Kinetics only Linearity Value Enters a linearity value Kinetics only To help determine the linearity of the reaction during the measurement th...

Страница 141: ...uency of zeroing the instrument Once or Every Reading Kinetics Measurement Mode Selects the type of photometric data reported for a measurement Abs T Conc in A T C Kinetics Scanning Multiwavelength Measure Samples Initiates measurement of samples Max X Enters a maximum X value to manually rescale the graph Kinetics Scanning Max Y Enters a maximum Y value to manually rescale the graph Kinetics Scan...

Страница 142: ... Positioner Selects the type of Positioner 1 Cell no movement zeros and measures sample in same position Not available in Kinetics and Scanning Manual 6 cell changer moved by buttons always zeros on position B then returns to set position to start measurement Not available in Kinetics and Scanning Auto 3 turret auto moved B 2 4 always zeros on position B then goes to position 2 to start measuremen...

Страница 143: ...sion Displays the version of firmware in the instrument Utility SRE tolerance Acceptable minimum stray light Standard Concentrations Enters the concentration of standards used to generate the standard curve for the test Standby Selects the time since the last keystroke or instrument activity powers down the unit to save lamp life Utility Start wavelength Enters the beginning wavelength for a scan ...

Страница 144: ...displayed in the Utility Test Directory screen available in all tests Total Run Time Enters the time from the Run initiation to the end of the test equals Delay Time Interval Times Measurement Times Kinetics Units Selects or creates units labels for results all stored tests except Abs Ratio Scanning Cell Growth Unselect Test Removes the tag of the highlighted test name to remove the test from the ...

Страница 145: ...orbance of ith standard N number of standards Linear regression general case A A c Where A absorbance c concentration A c is defined by an equation of the form A c a4c4 a3c3 a2c2 a1c a0 Where a0 Y axis intercept a1 a4 coefficients The coefficients are computed using the least squares method i x SX i y SY 2 i x SXX 2 i y SYY i i y x SXY 2 2 SX SXX N x x SQX i 2 2 SY SYY N y y SQY i SY SX SXY N y y ...

Страница 146: ...del requires Data for at least two standard data points with different concentrations and absorbances Slopes of all segments must be ascending positive or descending negative Validity of standard curves A c1 A c2 for all c1 c2 or A c1 A c2 for all c1 c2 Where A absorbance c1 c2 concentration Valid nonlinear standard curve If this is not the case there will be more than one solution within the spec...

Страница 147: ...for the correlation coefficient applies only to first order linear regression curves first degree polynomials Linear regression through zero model Absorbance ratio or Absorbance Difference Result or Calculation Calculation s Graphs 2 1 n N y y i i SQY SQX SSXY r 1 1 N SXY a SYY 2 1 Abs Abs ref ref Abs Abs Abs Abs 2 1 2 1 2 1 factor Abs factor Abs 2 1 2 1 factor Abs Abs factor Abs Abs ref ref ...

Страница 148: ...d Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Thermo Scientific 3 Point Net Baseline corrected absorbance 3 Point Net Absorbance sample curve 3 Point Net ASTM E169 04 Baseline corrected absorbance Calculation Calculation s Graphs 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 A A A A 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 A A A A ...

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