3A-2 FRONT END ALIGNMENT
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Front alignment refers to the angular relationships between the front wheels, the front suspension attaching parts and the
ground. Usually, the only required adjustment for front alignment is toe setting. Camber and caster can not be adjusted.
Therefore, when camber and caster differ from the specified values as a result of a crash or running along very rough roads,
damages should be evaluated around the body and the suspension. If damages are within the body, do the corresponding
repairs; if they are in the suspension, it must be replaced.
Toe setting
Toe is the turning in or out of the front wheels consists in steering the front wheels inwards (convergence) or outwards
(divergence). (Excesive toe-in or toe-out could accelerate tire wear). Amount of toe can be obtained by substracting «A»
from «B» as shown in above figure and therefore is given in mm.
Camber
Camber is the tilting of the front wheels from thevertical, as viewed from the front of the vehicle. When the wheels tilt
autward at the top, the camber is positive. When the wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber is negative. The amount is
tilt is measured in degrees.
1º 30´
7º
2 ÷ 4 mm
3º
Aligment service data (unloaded)
Toe-in
Camber
Caster
Kingpin indication
FORWARD
TOE-IN
TOP VIEW
OF WHEEL CENTER LINE
Body
Center
CAMBER ANGLE
P O S I T I V E
CAMBER
Содержание PS-10
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Страница 53: ...BUMPERS FRONTHOODANDFRONTAL2 3 REAR BUMPER 1 Rear bumper 2 Side pad 3 Center pad 2 3 3 1 2 ...
Страница 57: ...BUMPERS FRONTHOODANDFRONTAL2 7 FRONTAL 1 Front Grille 2 Fender 3 Register Cover 4 Front Frame 3 4 2 1 ...
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Страница 123: ...WHEELS AND TIRES 3F 7 TIGHTENING TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS Wheel nuts 11 17 110 170 ELEMENT TORQUE Kg m Nm ...
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Страница 420: ...6C 38ENGINEFUELANDEMISSIONCONTROLSYSTEM CONNECTION DIAGRAM FROM CONTROL BOARD TO ENGINE COMPONENTS CONNECTOR A ...
Страница 422: ...6C 40ENGINEFUELANDEMISSIONCONTROLSYSTEM CONNECTIONS DIAGRAM FROM CONTROL UNIT TO VEHICLE COMPONENTS CONNECTOR B ...
Страница 447: ...TRANSMISSION 7 1 SECTION 7 TRANSMISSION CONTENTS GEARBOX 7A CLUTCH 7C TRANSFER BOX 7D FRONT AND REAR DIFFERENTIAL 7E 7 ...
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Страница 594: ...BODYSERVICE9 31 FRAME MAIN DIMENSIONS ...
Страница 595: ...9 32BODYSERVICE FRAME MAIN DIMENSIONS ...
Страница 601: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS ...
Страница 602: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 2 ONLY COMMON RAIL POWER SUPPLY DIAGRAM ...
Страница 603: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 3 ONLY COMMON RAIL ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION CONNECTOR A ...
Страница 604: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 4 ONLY COMMON RAIL ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION CONNECTOR B ...
Страница 605: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 5 ONLY COMMON RAIL STARTING HEATER VALVE DIAGRAM ...
Страница 606: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 6 ONLY COMMON RAIL GLOW PLUG STARTING HEATER RELAY DIAGRAM ...
Страница 607: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 7 ONLY COMMON RAIL FUEL FILTER SENSORS DIAGRAM ...
Страница 608: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 8 ONLY COMMON RAIL DOUBLE STOP SWITCH ...
Страница 609: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 9 ONLY COMMON RAIL FUEL PUMP ...
Страница 610: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 10 ONLY COMMON RAIL DIAGNOSIS DIAGRAM ...
Страница 611: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 11 ONLY COMMON RAIL A C DIAGRAM ...
Страница 612: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 12 ONLY MECHANICAL INJECTION POWER SUPPLY DIAGRAM ...
Страница 613: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 13 ONLY MECHANICAL INJECTION GLOW PLUG RELAY DIAGRAM ...
Страница 614: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 14 ONLY MECHANICAL INJECTION INSTRUMENT PANEL ...
Страница 615: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 15 ONLY MECHANICAL INJECTION COMBINATION METER DIAGRAM ...
Страница 616: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 16 ONLY MECHANICAL INJECTION COOLING SYSTEM ...
Страница 617: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 17 GENERAL DIAGRAMS HEADLAMP LEVELING SYSTEM DIAGRAM ...
Страница 618: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 18 GENERAL DIAGRAMS REVERSE LAMP DIAGRAM ...
Страница 619: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 19 GENERAL DIAGRAMS RADIO REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER ...
Страница 620: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 20 GENERAL DIAGRAMS REAR DEMISTER STOP LAMP DIAGRAM ...
Страница 621: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 21 GENERAL DIAGRAMS HORN DIAGRAM ...
Страница 622: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 22 GENERAL DIAGRAMS TURN SIGNAL HAZARD LAMP DIAGRAM ...
Страница 623: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 23 GENERAL DIAGRAMS LAMPS DIAGRAM ...
Страница 624: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 24 GENERAL DIAGRAMS WASHER WIPER DIAGRAM ...
Страница 625: ...ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS 25 GENERAL DIAGRAMS CHARGING SYSTEM DIAGRAM ...
Страница 626: ...Prepared by SANTANA MOTOR S A After Sales Service Department 1st Ed October 2002 Printed in Spain Printed October 2002 ...
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