Section 7. Installation
91
lead resistance result in different ground potential at the two instruments. For this
reason, a differential measurement should be made on the analog output from the
external signal conditioner.
7.5.4 Ground Looping in Ionic Measurements
When measuring soil-moisture with a resistance block, or water conductivity with
a resistance cell, the potential exists for a ground loop error. In the case of an
ionic soil matric potential (soil moisture) sensor, a ground loop arises because soil
and water provide an alternate path for the excitation to return to CR800 ground.
This example is modeled in the diagram, figure
Model of a Ground Loop with a
Resistive Sensor
(p. 92).
With Rg in the resistor network, the signal measured from
the sensor will be:
,
where
o
V
x
is the excitation voltage
o
R
f
is a fixed resistor
o
R
s
is the sensor resistance
o
R
g
is the resistance between the excited electrode and CR800 earth
ground.
R
s
R
f
/R
g
is the source of error due to the ground loop. When R
g
is large, the error is
negligible. Note that the geometry of the electrodes has a great effect on the
magnitude of this error. The Delmhorst gypsum block used in the Campbell
Scientific 227 probe has two concentric cylindrical electrodes. The center
electrode is used for excitation; because it is encircled by the ground electrode, the
path for a ground loop through the soil is greatly reduced. Moisture blocks which
consist of two parallel plate electrodes are particularly susceptible to ground loop
problems. Similar considerations apply to the geometry of the electrodes in water
conductivity sensors.
The ground electrode of the conductivity or soil moisture probe and the CR800
earth ground form a galvanic cell, with the water/soil solution acting as the
electrolyte. If current is allowed to flow, the resulting oxidation or reduction will
soon damage the electrode, just as if dc excitation was used to make the
measurement. Campbell Scientific resistive soil probes and conductivity probes
are built with series capacitors to block this dc current. In addition to preventing
sensor deterioration, the capacitors block any dc component from affecting the
measurement.
Содержание CR850
Страница 2: ......
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Страница 26: ...Table of Contents 26...
Страница 30: ...Section 2 Cautionary Statements 30...
Страница 32: ...Section 3 Initial Inspection 32...
Страница 35: ...Section 4 Quickstart Tutorial 35 Figure 2 Wiring panel...
Страница 55: ...Section 4 Quickstart Tutorial 55 Figure 24 PC200W View data utility...
Страница 78: ...Section 5 System Overview 78...
Страница 80: ...Section 6 CR800 Specifications 80...
Страница 95: ...Section 7 Installation 95 Figure 35 DevConfig OS download window Figure 36 Dialog box confirming OS download...
Страница 104: ...Section 7 Installation 104 Figure 43 Include File settings via DevConfig Figure 44 Include File settings via PakBusGraph...
Страница 267: ...Section 7 Installation 267 Figure 84 Running average signal attenuation...
Страница 268: ...Section 7 Installation 268...
Страница 384: ...Section 8 Operation 384 Figure 113 Using the keyboard display...
Страница 385: ...Section 8 Operation 385 8 8 1 Data Display Figure 114 Displaying data with the keyboard display...
Страница 387: ...Section 8 Operation 387 Figure 116 Real time custom...
Страница 388: ...Section 8 Operation 388 8 8 1 3 Final Storage Tables Figure 117 Final storage tables...
Страница 389: ...Section 8 Operation 389 8 8 2 Run Stop Program Figure 118 Run Stop Program...
Страница 390: ...Section 8 Operation 390 8 8 3 File Display Figure 119 File display...
Страница 396: ...Section 8 Operation 396...
Страница 402: ...Section 9 Maintenance 402...
Страница 450: ...Section 11 Glossary 450...
Страница 504: ...Appendix A CRBasic Programming Instructions 504...
Страница 526: ...Appendix B Status Table and Settings 526...
Страница 530: ...Appendix C Serial Port Pinouts 530...
Страница 536: ...Appendix E FP2 Data Format 536...
Страница 550: ...Appendix F Other Campbell Scientific Products 550...
Страница 564: ...Index 564 WriteIO 464 Writing Program 108 X XML 448 XOR 473 Y Y intercept 141 142 Z Zero 155 166 Zero Basis 151...
Страница 565: ......