App-4
IM DL350-01EN
Overall Value
The overall value is the total RMS value determined from the frequency spectrum included in the signal. The
overall value is the square root of the summation of the power spectrums of all frequencies.
k
2×PS
0
+
Σ
PS
i
(Vrms)
Overall value =
“Rms = overall value” appears on the screen when automated measurement of waveform parameters is being
performed (Measure is set to ON) on the channel that has been selected for power spectrum computation (PS or
PSD) and Rms is set to ON.
k
k varies as indicated below depending on the selected time window.
Time Window Type
k
Rect (Rectangular window)
1
Hanning (Hanning window)
1.5
FlatTop (Flattop window)
3.19693
Hamming (Hamming window)
1.3628
Time Windows
You can use a rectangular, Hanning, flattop, Hamming, or exponential time window.
The rectangular window is best suited to transient signals, such as impulse waves, which attenuate completely
within the time window.
The Hanning, flattop, and Hamming windows allow continuity of the signal by gradually attenuating the parts of
the signal located near the ends of the time window down to the 0 level. Hence, they are suited to continuous
signals. The Hanning window provides a relatively higher frequency resolution compared to the flattop window.
However, the flattop window has a higher level of accuracy. The Hamming window is a corrected Hanning
window. The frequency resolution of its main beam is greater than that of the Hanning window. The Hamming
window is suited for dividing close signals.
When the waveform being analyzed is a continuous signal, consider the above characteristics in selecting the
proper window to be applied.
T
T
T
T
t
Sine wave
Time windows
Integral
Power spectrum
Rectangular
Hanning
T
T
Hamming
Rectangular
Hanning
Flat top
Hamming
: W(t)
=
u(t)
–
u(t
–
T)
u(t):
Step function
: W(t)
=
0.5
–
0.5cos(2π )
: W(t)
= {
0.54
–
0.46 cos(2π )}
: W(t)
=
0.54
–
0.46cos(2π )
T
T
Flat top
t
T
t
T
t
T
sin{2π(1
–
2t/T)}
2π(1
–
2t/T)
Appendix