Ruijie RG-S2900G-E Series, Configuration Manual

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Configuration Guide MSTP Configuration
By exchanging the Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) frame destined to the
multicast address 01-80-C2-00-00-00 (in hex), bridges gets the information
necessary for building the optimal tree-type topology.
A BPDU is comprised of the following elements:

Root Bridge ID (root bridge ID that a bridge considers)

Root Path cost (Root Path cost of a bridge).

Bridge ID (ID of a bridge).

Message age (the live time of the message)

Port ID (port ID sending the message).

Forward-Delay Time, Hello Time and Max-Age: time parameters.

Other flag bits, such as network topology change and port status.
Once a port of a bridge receives a BPDU message whose priority is higher than
its priority (or smaller bridge ID and smaller root path cost), the bridge will store
this message on the port while updating and propagating them to all other ports.
If the BPDU with lower priority is received, the bridge will discard this message.
This mechanism propagates a BPDU message of higher priority in the whole
network. As a result:

A bridge is elected to be the root bridge in the network.

Each bridge other than the root bridge has a root port that offers a shortest
path to the root bridge.

Each bridge will calculate the shortest path to the root bridge.

Each LAN has a designated bridge that lies in the shortest path between
this LAN and the root bridge. The port for connecting the designated bridge
and the LAN is referred to as the designated port.

The root port and the designated port are in the forwarding status.

Other ports beyond the spanning tree are in the discarding status.
Bridge ID
As specified in IEEE 802.1W standard, each bridge has an unique bridge ID
based on which the root bridge is elected in spanning tree algorithm. The bridge
ID consists of eight bytes, in which the last six bytes are the MAC address of the
bridge, and the first two bytes are shown in the table below. Of which, the first
four bits denote the priority, while the last twelve bits denote the system ID for
extending the protocol in the future. This value is 0 in the RSTP, so the priority
of the bridge should be configured as the multiple of 4096.
Priority value System ID
Bit 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Value 32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1