Omicron Lab CT Analyzer User Manual Download

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CT Analyzer User Manual

8.2

Introduction to Quick Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

8.3

Performing Measurements with Quick Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

8.4

Advanced Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

8.5

Polarity Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

8.6

CT Ratio Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

8.7

VT Ratio Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

8.8

Resistance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

8.9

Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

8.10 Reactance Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

9.1

System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

9.2

Installing the CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

9.3

The CTA Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

10.7.1 RS232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
10.7.2 USB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

10.8 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

10.8.1 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  167
10.8.2 Shock and Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  168
10.8.3 Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  168
10.8.4 Safety Standards, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  168

User Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

11.1 Care and Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
11.2 Replacing Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
11.3 Calibrating the CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Error and Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
OMICRON Service Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Summary of Contents for CT Analyzer

Page 1: ...CT Analyzer CT SB2 User Manual...

Page 2: ...mbodied in this manual represent the technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is...

Page 3: ...CT Analyzer User Manual...

Page 4: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 2 Manual Version CTAnalyzerUM AE 3...

Page 5: ...Soft Keys 17 1 2 8 Keyboard 18 1 3 License Depending Functional Scope 19 1 4 Scope of Delivery Accessories Available Licenses 20 2 Setup and Connection 21 2 1 General Safety Rules for Connecting and O...

Page 6: ...5 Disconnection 57 5 Operating and Configuring the CT Analyzer 59 5 1 Working in the User Interface 59 5 1 1 Displaying a Specific Card 59 5 1 2 Using the Soft Keys 59 5 1 3 Editing a Card 60 5 2 The...

Page 7: ...1 Available Soft Keys 109 6 6 2 Test Settings 109 6 6 3 Test Results 109 6 6 4 Excitation Graph 114 6 6 5 Accuracy Limiting Error Graph 117 6 7 Ratio Card 119 6 7 1 Available Soft Keys 120 6 7 2 Test...

Page 8: ...3 10 1 Mains Power Supply 163 10 2 Generator Output 163 10 3 Measurement Inputs 163 10 4 Winding Resistance Measurement Accuracy 164 10 5 Ratio and Phase Measurement Accuracy 164 10 6 Compact Flash Ca...

Page 9: ...ou from the duty to comply with all relevant national and international safety regulations Operator Qualifications and Safety Standards Working on high voltage power equipment can be extremely dangero...

Page 10: ...quipment damage or loss of data possible Warning Risk of electric shock Personal injury or severe damage to objects possible Title Description CT SB2 User Manual Contains information how to use and op...

Page 11: ...rrents associated with this equipment Pay attention to the information provided in this user manual Use the CT Analyzer and its accessories only in a technically sound condition and when its use is in...

Page 12: ...T Analyzer is being used All users of the CT Analyzer must read and observe the safety rules described in this section and all relevant installation and operation instructions The CT Analyzer may be u...

Page 13: ...ed inductance Using the Quick Test feature it is also possible to use the CT Analyzer as a versatile multimeter with included power source e g for Quick and easy resistance measurement e g for wiring...

Page 14: ...1 1 CT Analyzer overview Compact Flash card slot Remote control interface RS232 interface and USB interface for connecting the CT Analyzer to a PC Grounding terminal Keyboard with cursor keys and card...

Page 15: ...Compact Flash Card Slot Figure 1 3 Compact Flash card slot Mains socket IEC320 ON OFF switch Grounding terminal 4mm socket combined with knurled nut for clamp connection Mains fuse 2 x T6 3A 250V hig...

Page 16: ...wo alternative interfaces the user has to select the interface to be used or check the selection in the CT Analyzer settings before connecting the CT Analyzer The factory default setting for those dev...

Page 17: ...ge 65 for more detailed information about the Setting Menu page 1 2 5 Inputs and Outputs Figure 1 5 Inputs and outputs of the CT Analyzer Warning While the red LED of the key is flashing voltage is ap...

Page 18: ...T Analyzer on both LEDs are on The red LED is switched off when the boot process is finished and the CT Analyzer is ready for operation Green LED on The CT Analyzer is switched on and ready for operat...

Page 19: ...zer The keyboard on the CT Analyzer is locked until the running test is finished Card area with tab Soft key description fields Soft keys labelled by the soft key description fields If 3 points are vi...

Page 20: ...is shown Overload indication The CT Analyzer could not output the required test current or take all necessary measurement points due to an overload Multi ratio CT measurement Indicates that a multi r...

Page 21: ...ss this key to display the context sensitive help system see section 5 9 on page 76 Press this key to delete the character left of the cursor position Press this key to leave an edit field without app...

Page 22: ...cope of Delivery Accessories Available Licenses For up to date information about the scope of delivery and available accessories and licenses for the CT Analyzer please refer to the OMICRON website or...

Page 23: ...ways connect one terminal of the transformer s primary side to protective earth Warning Make sure that the terminals of the test object to be connected to the CT Analyzer do not carry any voltage pote...

Page 24: ...5 for detailed descriptions how to connect the CT Analyzer for a specific measurement and or application Warning Feeding test voltage to a tap of a multi ratio CT can cause life threatening voltages o...

Page 25: ...terface In the Select remote interface port page select the interface actually used to connect the CT Analyzer to the computer USB or RS232 2 Connect the CT Analyzer to the PC using a RS232 cable or a...

Page 26: ...n ungrounded side Warning Feeding test voltage to a tap of a multi ratio CT can cause life threatening voltages on other taps with higher ratios Do not touch these taps Caution The grounded terminal o...

Page 27: ...y side of the CT Figure 2 2 Basic wiring for a CT test Note The CT may make humming or buzzing noises of varying frequency during the CT test This is completely normal and does not indicate a defectiv...

Page 28: ...put socket and the red socket of input Sec of the CT Analyzer to the other ungrounded side of the burden Figure 2 3 Basic wiring for a burden test Caution If you do not disconnect the CT for the burde...

Page 29: ...to remove any load from the CT Every kind of load remaining on the secondary side of the CT during measurement leads to incorrect measurement results or error messages 3 Connect the black socket of CT...

Page 30: ...differ by up to 20 The figure below shows how the ratio error can differ depending on the position of the primary wire inside the core Figure 2 5 Ratio error depending on the position of the primary w...

Page 31: ...this purpose it is necessary to apply an auxiliary winding of at least 20 turns to the core For this purpose OMICRON offers a special cable with 23 turns VEHK0658 and a special Microsoft Excel templa...

Page 32: ...ement on a GIS SF6 Switch Gear Proceed as follows to perform measurements on a GIS SF6 switch gear refer to Figure 2 9 Observe the general safety rules in section 2 1 on page 21 1 Disconnect all utili...

Page 33: ...CT Analyzer Connect that side of the CT that is open to the red sockets of the CT Analyzer 6 Connect the primary side of the CT to CT Analyzer input Prim Make sure that the polarity is correct same c...

Page 34: ...Output sockets and the Sec sockets of the CT Analyzer Connect that side of the CT that is connected to PE to the black sockets of the CT Analyzer Connect that side of the CT that is open to the red s...

Page 35: ...The CT Analyzer has an input impedance of approx 330k This measurement impedance can be low enough to influence the measurement results In order to prevent any influence of the CT Analyzer s input im...

Page 36: ...no delta compensation is needed In this case only two parallel transformer windings are connected in series to the CT This connection method provides least possible influence to the measurement resul...

Page 37: ...since the delta winding acts as a voltage divider In order to obtain the correct CT ratio the ratio value determined by the CT Analyzer has to be corrected For this purpose the CT Analyzer provides a...

Page 38: ...r is also zero For the measurement setup shown in Figure 2 14 the delta compensation factor on the CT Object card has to be set to Ratio 2 3 see Figure 2 13 If input Prim is connected between L1 and L...

Page 39: ...37 Setup and Connection Figure 2 15 Measurement setup for delta compensation Ratio 1 L2 L3 L1...

Page 40: ...ure 2 16 For a detailed description on how to perform such measurements please refer to section 8 7 on page 151 1 Connect the Output sockets and input Sec of the CT Analyzer to the primary side of the...

Page 41: ...8 8 on page 154 Connect the Output sockets and input Sec of the CT Analyzer to the winding to be measured Figure 2 17 Connecting the VT for winding resistance measurement using the CT Analyzer 2 5 7 P...

Page 42: ...ing Quick Test and the CPOL polarity checker Note The CT Analyzer measures the voltage of the injected signal using input Sec Therefore you should always connect this input when using the Polarity Che...

Page 43: ...n the CT Analyzer is off 2 Disconnect the measurement leads starting at the CT Analyzer Warning Never disconnect measurement leads while the red LED on the CT Analyzer is flashing As long as the red L...

Page 44: ...ontact resistance of the clamps could affect the measurement results i e the CT Analyzer possibly delivers incorrect measurement results Both connection techniques are shown in the following figure Fi...

Page 45: ...primary side to protective earth If it is not possible to disconnect the utility lines from both primary terminals connect that side of the primary circuit that is able to receive more interferences...

Page 46: ...Analyzer User Manual 44 Figure 2 20 Noise reduction for CT measurement Utility line Utility line Connection required if secondary side terminal cannot be disconnected Burden Use coax measurement cabl...

Page 47: ...y normal and does not indicate a defective CT Warning Do not touch the equipment under test or the measurement leads while the red LED on the CT Analyzer is flashing Never connect or disconnect measur...

Page 48: ...nalyzer on and display the CT Object card 4 2 on page 50 Select test cards 4 2 step 2 on page 50 Enter CT name plate data 4 2 step 3 on page 51 Burden test card enabled Select test current for burden...

Page 49: ...key Connect CT Analyzer for CT test 2 4 1 on page 24 Prim WindingResistance measurement enabled Connect CT Analyzer for primary winding resistance measurement 2 4 3 on page 27 Start Test soft key Skip...

Page 50: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 48...

Page 51: ...s completely normal and does not indicate a defective CT Warning Do not touch the equipment under test or the measurement leads while the red LED on the CT Analyzer is flashing Never connect or discon...

Page 52: ...the CT Analyzer on After the boot process is finished the green LED is on and the red LED is off The display shows the CT Object card ready to start a test 2 For reasons of simplicity we do not want t...

Page 53: ...assessment will be available if you do not enter data for one or more parameters marked by a star see section 6 2 3 on page 82 I pn Rated primary current of the CT I sn Rated secondary current of the...

Page 54: ...test card in section 4 2 step 2 on page 50 a message is displayed asking you to change the wiring for the burden test Connect the burden as described in chapter 2 Make sure that the red LED on the CT...

Page 55: ...message left and wiring diagram right 5 Press the Start Test soft key to execute the automatic primary winding resistance measurement Note If you do not want to perform the primary winding resistance...

Page 56: ...e and determines the knee point and other important CT data 10 Automatic test step 3 Ratio measurement The CT Analyzer then measures the current ratio error the phase error the composite error and the...

Page 57: ...CTAnalyzer xml file 4 4 After the Test is Finished After the test is finished the CT Object card displays the CT data determined during the test refer to Figure 4 8 Figure 4 8 CT Object card after the...

Page 58: ...shown in the following figures 4 11 to 4 14 Figure 4 11 Burden card with measurement results after the test is finished Figure 4 12 Resistance card with measurement results after the test is finished...

Page 59: ...ntil the red LED on the CT Analyzer is off 2 Disconnect the measurement leads starting at the CT Analyzer Warning Never disconnect measurement leads while the red LED on the CT Analyzer is flashing As...

Page 60: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 58...

Page 61: ...hange the user interface level of the software The functionality of the soft keys is context dependent i e the software offers different functions or selectable sets of parameters depending on the foc...

Page 62: ...able or enter the value or text using the keyboard and then press the key to confirm your input or use the key to leave an edit field without applying and saving the entry 3 Leave the edit mode either...

Page 63: ...on is only available if you have purchased a corresponding license For more detailed information about multi ratio CT testing using the CT SB2 please refer to the CT SB2 User Manual 5 5 New Quick Test...

Page 64: ...escribed in detail on page 64 Delete File Deleting a selected file or folder from the Compact Flash card Only empty folders can be deleted If you try to delete a folder still containing files or subfo...

Page 65: ...older is only possible for the functions Save As and Paste File s of the File Menu To create a new folder in the file system select Save As or Paste Files s in the file menu and then navigate to the d...

Page 66: ...are not stored and thus do not overwrite the existing CTAnalyzer xml file Copying cutting and pasting a file on the Compact Flash card Note Copying cutting and pasting folders is not possible with the...

Page 67: ...mware and therefore always available The second language can be installed by the user as required refer to section 5 8 on page 73 Select Startup Mode Using this option you can select the default test...

Page 68: ...cc to IEC 60044 6 Ktd is calculated exactly according to the standard acc to OMICRON Ktd calculation considers the CT remanence acc to GB 16847 Ktd is calculated acc to the Chinese standard GB16847 TP...

Page 69: ...inding resistance measurement Min VA at M cores Isn 5A Applies to IEC 60044 1 metering CTs with Isn 5A only Here you can set the minimum VA value used for the CT assessment to 3 75VA This means select...

Page 70: ...onnection Misc Settings Use the Miscellaneous Settings page to enable or disable automatic test assessment if a parameter marked with a star in the CT Object card was not entered by the user prior to...

Page 71: ...ter pressing the Back soft key To enable or disable a test card select its entry using the cursor keys and then press the Add or Remove soft key Enabled cards are marked with a checkmark see Figure 5...

Page 72: ...Miscellaneous Settings Figure 5 12 Miscellaneous Settings page CT Object Sec Winding Resistance Excitation Ratio Burden Assessment Comment requires requires requires requires Prim Winding Resistance...

Page 73: ...enter data for one or more of these mandatory parameters no automatic assessment is performed and the CT Analyzer displays an Assessment not available message after the test is finished This option c...

Page 74: ...e measured winding resistance to decide whether the CT is a 1A or 5A CT This value specifies the decision threshold Possible values 0 5 to 2 Default 1 If the measured winding resistance is higher than...

Page 75: ...key Tools Menu page How to get there Update Text Using this item you can install a new user interface language file The file system page opened after selecting Update Text only displays files named C...

Page 76: ...stall a new language select the corresponding file CTUser_xxx bin in the directory A OMICRON on the Compact Flash card using the cursor keys and press the Select soft key Update Licenses This function...

Page 77: ...this function you can install new device firmware Figure 5 15 File system card for selecting a new firmware file To perform a firmware update a corresponding firmware file CTAnalyzer bin has to be ava...

Page 78: ...p system showing the wiring diagram for a CT test left and explanatory text for a parameter right When the help system is displayed you can use the Next Page and Prev Page soft keys to scroll through...

Page 79: ...CT Analyzer from a Computer It is also possible to operate the CT Analyzer remote controlled from a computer Diverse software tools are available from OMICRON for this purpose For a detailed descripti...

Page 80: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 78...

Page 81: ...Res Magnetism This card is used to measure the residual magnetism of CTs Refer to page 102 Resistance This card is used to measure the secondary winding resistance and the primary winding resistance o...

Page 82: ...d using the guesser function are cleared Text entries for Location and Object remain unchanged Saves the test results and test settings to the currently loaded CT Analyzer report file If the test resu...

Page 83: ...Note When loading a new CT test from the main menu using the New CT Test entry the test card selection defined in the default test settings is used for this new test The card selection performed in t...

Page 84: ...e 6 3 Editing the CT Object card Note If the Check settings before start option is enabled in the default test settings see section 5 7 3 Miscellaneous Settings on page 70 no automatic assessment will...

Page 85: ...or 1 soft key Default I sn Rated secondary current Possible values 0 0001 to 25A or soft keys 1 0 2 0 5 0 1 0A 3 2 0A 3 5 0A 3 or 1 Default Standard Standard according to which the test has to be per...

Page 86: ...is available if the user did not enter data for this parameter prior to the test see page 82 For IEEE C57 13 metering CTs only An additional soft key Assess VA is available for metering CTs according...

Page 87: ...parameters and settings displayed for IEEE C57 13 protection CTs on page 98 Burden Cos Burden and Cos are used to define the operating burden connected to the CT These parameters are used to calculate...

Page 88: ...entry Misc Settings Delta com pensation Correction factor for the ratio measurement This factor enables the ratio measurement for CTs that are installed inside a delta winding transformer Possible val...

Page 89: ...e Possible values 0 to 3000 ohms or soft key 1 Default x x Ts Specified secondary time constant Possible values 0 000 to 100 0s or soft key 1 Default 100s x Kx Dimensioning factor acc to IEC 60044 1 P...

Page 90: ...ss 0 1 0 2 0 2s 0 5 0 5s 1 3 5 FS Instrument security factor acc to IEC 60044 1 Possible values Integer value from 1 to 30 or soft keys 1 FS1 FS1 5 FS2 FS5 FS10 FS20 or FS30 Default 1 If the question...

Page 91: ...alues 0 000 to 5 000s or soft keys 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 100ms or 120ms Tp depends on K as follows x x x x K Dimensioning factor Possible values 1 to 1572 K depends on Tp as described above for Tp x V a...

Page 92: ...ible values 0 000 to 5 000s and max t1 or soft key 40ms Default 0 04s x x t2 Duration of second current flow The specified accuracy limit must not be reached within time tal2 Note Only displayed if Du...

Page 93: ...ard parameter in section 5 7 1 on page 65 x x 1 If the question mark is entered for this parameter and a new test is started the CT Analyzer automatically tries to determine the value using its integr...

Page 94: ...condary winding resistance Possible values 0 to 3000 ohms or soft key 1 Default x x x x x x Ts Specified secondary time constant Possible values 0 000 to 100 0s or soft key 1 Default 100s x x x x Kx D...

Page 95: ...time constants by entering the Ktd instead Use the soft keys to choose if you want to specify the protection requirements used for the accuracy class assessment by specifying the duty cycle and the ne...

Page 96: ...rameter Spec is by Duty Possible values 0 000 to 5 000s or soft keys 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 100ms or 120ms Tp depends on K as follows Default or If displayed this parameter is relevant for assessment No...

Page 97: ...pec is by Duty and Duty is CO CO Possible values 0 000 to 5 000s or soft key 100ms Default or If displayed this parameter is relevant for assessment No automatic assessment is available if the user di...

Page 98: ...ee page 82 x x x 1 If the question mark is entered for this parameter and a new test is started the CT Analyzer automatically tries to determine the value using its integrated guesser function see cha...

Page 99: ...parameter and a new test is started the CT Analyzer automatically tries to determine the value using its integrated guesser function see chapter 7 on page 131 x ext Ipn Extended current rating Possib...

Page 100: ...fault or This parameter is relevant for assessment No automatic assessment is available if the user did not enter data for this parameter prior to the test see page 82 2 If the question mark is entere...

Page 101: ...ameter is only displayed in the CT Object card if the IEEE C57 13 standard is selected with the type Metering CT Param Description Available for IEEE C57 13 metering CTs class 0 15 0 15s 0 3 0 6 1 2 R...

Page 102: ...the desired test current Itest an overload message is displayed in the right hand corner of the status line 6 3 1 Test Settings The following settings can be done in the Burden card Parameter Descript...

Page 103: ...r enter the desired test current to parameter I test 3 Execute the burden test as described in section 4 3 on page 52 Possible test steps following the burden test Residual magnetism measurement see s...

Page 104: ...he CT then has a residual magnetic flux in its core even if no current is applied on the primary side The CT has residual magnetism Residual magnetism in CTs may cause erroneous tripping or prevent tr...

Page 105: ...enter the Isn of the CT on the CT Object card Parameter Description I sn Nominal secondary current of the CT as entered in the CT Object card The Isn of the CT has to be specified prior to the execut...

Page 106: ...wiring for the residual magnetism measurement Make sure that the red LED on the CT Analyzer is off and reconnect the CT as described in step 3 above 7 Continue testing by pressing the Start Test soft...

Page 107: ...6 5 1 on page 106 for more information Secondary winding resistance measurement always required for CT testing for particular calculations in the excitation and ratio test See section 6 5 2 on page 1...

Page 108: ...s key soft in the CT Object card to open the Select Cards page Enable the Primary winding resistance measurement in the Select Cards page Press the Back soft key to apply your selection and return to...

Page 109: ...CT is specified for Value used Reference temperature defined in the Settings main menu The winding resistance at reference temperature is calculated from the winding resistance measured at ambient te...

Page 110: ...tation card The test results displayed in the lower part of the Excitation card depend on the standard selected in the CT Object card Using the soft keys the user can choose between different sets of...

Page 111: ...nding on the selected burden the Excitation card shows the results either calculated with the nominal burden Results with Nom Burden or calculated with the operating burden Results with Op Burden The...

Page 112: ...the measurement value is larger than the displayed value x x ALFi Accuracy limiting factor according to IEC 60044 1 indirect measurement method calculated for nominal and operating burden 1 x x FS Ins...

Page 113: ...the prefix is displayed to indicate that the measurement value is larger than the displayed value x x x Ktd Theoretical transient dimensioning factor x x x V al Accuracy limiting voltage according to...

Page 114: ...indirect measurement method calculated for nominal and operating burden 1 x ALF Accuracy limiting factor according to IEC 61869 2 direct measurement method calculated for nominal and operating burden...

Page 115: ...Duty in the CT Object card see page 93 No calculation is performed for this parameter if the user did not specify values for Tp and tal1 in the CT Object card prior to the test Param Description Resul...

Page 116: ...a vertical dashed line In this page it is possible to load the excitation graph of an already saved test from the Compact Flash card in order to compare this graph with the one of the current test Fi...

Page 117: ...f a reference graph is loaded If the reference graph loaded has two or more knee points this soft key is alternately labelled Ref Knee Point 1 or Ref Knee Point 2 depending on which knee point the cur...

Page 118: ...board Press the key to apply the entered value and read the corresponding values in the respective fields e g V meas and L meas if you have entered a current I meas Figure 6 14 Entering a current valu...

Page 119: ...ys Moves the cursor upwards on the error graph Moves the cursor downwards on the error graph Switches off the display of values on the top right of the diagram If you have switched off the values this...

Page 120: ...sitioned to the nominal burden values after opening this page To select a specific point on the graph Select the desired edit field K Value or Burden using the cursor keys and enter the desired value...

Page 121: ...VA parameter in the CT Object card If the Results with Op Burden soft key is pressed the page shows the results related to the operating burden Burden parameter in the CT Object card The ratio table s...

Page 122: ...s also possible to display the values related to the nominal burden or the operating burden of the CT Parameter Description I p Primary current for calculation of the ratio error and phase displacemen...

Page 123: ...ity of the CT or wrong polarity of the measurement leads C Composite error in at the specified primary current Ip and operating burden This parameter is only displayed if the IEC 60044 1 standard is s...

Page 124: ...5 of the nominal burden defined in the CT Object card VA parameter or at 1VA if one of these percentages results in a nominal burden smaller than 1VA Use the Results with Op Burden or Results with No...

Page 125: ...the selected standard is IEEE C57 13 these tables show the ratio error and the phase displacement for different current values between 1 and 200 of the rated current at the burden specified in the CT...

Page 126: ...t are highlighted by black background in the tables Values without the prefix have guaranteed accuracy The accuracy of values marked with a in the tables is reduced by factor 2 Figure 6 18 Displaying...

Page 127: ...rameters in the CT Object card Failed The results do not comply with the requirements n a No assessment possible due to one of the following reasons Comparison with input parameter is not possible Ass...

Page 128: ...factor x x x Ts Secondary time constant x x x ALF Accuracy limiting factor direct measurement method x x x x x x ALFi Accuracy limiting factor indirect measurement method x x x x x x Ek Rated knee poi...

Page 129: ...or included in class x Peak instantaneous error at voltage Emax x x Tp Primary time constant x x x x Ts Secondary time constant x x Kr Remanence factor x Ktd Kssc Transient dimensioning factor Ktd mul...

Page 130: ...ect measurement method x x x x x x ALFi Accuracy limiting factor indirect measurement method x x x x x x Ek Rated knee point e m f x x Kx Dimensioning factor according to IEC 61869 2 x x Ie Accuracy l...

Page 131: ...ion Parameter assessed for IEEE C57 13 IEEE C57 13 6 protection CTs class meter CTs 0 3 0 6 1 2 high accuracy metering CTs 0 15 0 15s C T X K1 1 Acc to IEEE C57 13 1993 Class Accuracy class according...

Page 132: ...card is only available if it is enabled in the Select Cards page Default Test Card Selection or Select Cards soft key in the CT Object card In the Comment card you can enter any text e g additional n...

Page 133: ...ction cannot release the user from specifying the CT s name plate data prior to testing Always specify as many CT data as possible to increase the reliability of the values guessed by the CT Analyzer...

Page 134: ...lso provides an option to enable the display of a corresponding message prior to the test start 7 2 Setting Up and Connecting the CT Analyzer 1 Set up the CT Analyzer as described in section 2 2 on pa...

Page 135: ...page 70 no automatic assessment will be available if you do not enter data for a parameter that is relevant for assessment Such parameters are marked by a star 3 Execute the CT test as described in s...

Page 136: ...After the CT test is finished disconnect the CT under test from the CT Analyzer 1 Wait until the red LED on the CT Analyzer is off 2 Disconnect the measurement leads starting at the CT Analyzer Warnin...

Page 137: ...functional scope described in this chapter is also available in the CTA Quick Test PC software included in the CT Analyzer PC Toolset The Quick Test feature cannot be used when a CT SB2 switch box is...

Page 138: ...C current will charge the inductance The CT Analyzer does not perform automatic discharge of the inductance after measurements with Quick Test Risk of electric shock Wait until the inductance has disc...

Page 139: ...using the CPOL polarity checker from OMICRON Using the CPOL in combination with the specific test signal provided by the CT Analyzer s Quick Test feature you can check a series of test points e g the...

Page 140: ...ignal and the resistance and inductance of the CT to be measured For details please refer to section 8 6 on page 149 VT Ratio Predefined type especially intended for quick measurement of VT ratios Adj...

Page 141: ...t results 8 4 Advanced Measurement The Advanced measurement type offers complete multimeter measurement functionality and free adjustment of all measurement quantities such as AC or DC signal output v...

Page 142: ...arning Feeding an inductance with DC current will charge the inductance The CT Analyzer does not perform automatic discharge of the inductance Risk of electric shock Wait until the inductance has disc...

Page 143: ...gnal type DC See also B width below B width Filter bandwidth for frequency selective measurement Only available for measurement mode Freq sel filter Possible values 3Hz to 20Hz Default 6Hz Depending o...

Page 144: ...ult 1 00 for R and 50 00H for L If these values are not set correctly for the connected CT the CT will saturate sooner or later depending on the inaccuracy of the values used Value Description Output...

Page 145: ...at input Sec Rp Rs Use the Rp Rs soft key to switch between Rp and Rs Parallel or serial resistance calculated from the output signal and the voltage measured at input Sec Xp Xs Use the Xp Xs soft key...

Page 146: ...es Figure 8 5 Wiring examples for Advanced measurement type Crest Out Crest Sec Crest Prim Crest factor of the output signal or the signal measured at input sec or input prim The crest factor is the p...

Page 147: ...dication as to whether the polarity is OK or not Checking the polarity using the Polarity Check measurement type is much faster than conventional methods and can easily be performed by a single person...

Page 148: ...s field using the available soft keys Please refer to page 143 Advanced Measurement type for a detailed description of the available quantities soft keys Value Description Output Internally measured c...

Page 149: ...ltage generated by this current Proceed as follows to perform a polarity check 1 Make sure that the wiring to be checked is disconnected from the ungrounded side of the CT see Figure 8 8 2 Connect the...

Page 150: ...up at the same time If the wiring to be tested is open disconnected or interrupted the CT Analyzer indicates by an intermittent beep sound that no output current is flowing If you are in doubt whethe...

Page 151: ...arameter Description Output The output signal type is fixed to AC U I Operating mode of the internal signal generator voltage or current source Fixed to Voltage Amplitude RMS voltage of the output sig...

Page 152: ...ult 1 00 for R and 50 00H for L If these values are not set correctly for the connected CT the CT will saturate sooner or later depending on the inaccuracy of the values used Value Description Output...

Page 153: ...ondary side of the VT by mistake will cause hazardous voltages on the primary side Caution VT ratio measurement using Quick Test is not a complete VT test This measurement only determines the voltage...

Page 154: ...Analyzer or start the CTA QuickTest PC tool from the CTA Start Page Value Description Output Internally measured RMS current value and phase of the output signal Sec RMS value of the voltage measured...

Page 155: ...terferences are then suppressed by 120 dB Figure 8 13 CT Quick test card with settings for VT ratio measurement 4 Start the measurement by pressing the key on the CT Analyzer or clicking the ON button...

Page 156: ...oltage or current source Fixed to Current Amplitude Amplitude of the output current Adjustable by the user Possible values 0 to 10A Default 1 00A Press the Main soft key in any test card Main Menu New...

Page 157: ...lyzer or start the CTA QuickTest PC tool from the CTA Start Page 3 Select the Resistance measurement type and set the amplitude of the DC output current appropriately Refer to Figure 8 17 Figure 8 17...

Page 158: ...e field in the CT Quick card and then press the Imped soft key Figure 8 19 CT Quick card and Results card for impedance measurement For the Impedance measurement type the CT Quick card holds the follo...

Page 159: ...soft keys 16 7Hz 50Hz 60Hz or 400Hz Default 50Hz Value Description Output Internally measured RMS value and phase of the output current Sec RMS value of the voltage measured at input Sec This input i...

Page 160: ...Description Output The output signal type is fixed to AC U I Operating mode of the internal signal generator voltage or current source Fixed to Voltage Amplitude RMS voltage of the output signal Adjus...

Page 161: ...Serial resistance calculated from the output signal and the voltage measured at input Sec Xs Serial reactance calculated from the magnitude and phase angle of the output signal and the voltage measur...

Page 162: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 160...

Page 163: ...lease click the CT Analyzer Help hyperlink on the CTA Start Page 9 1 System Requirements The software of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset requires the following software installed on the system Operating sy...

Page 164: ...3 Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to install the software 9 3 The CTA Start Page The CTA Start Page is the central organizing element for the PC software tools available for the CT Ana...

Page 165: ...s Mains power supply Connection Connector according to IEC 60320 Mains voltage 100 240VAC 50 60Hz 6A Instead of supplying the CT Analyzer from phase neutral L1 N A N it may also be supplied from phase...

Page 166: ...a non gapped core The knee point voltage according to IEEE C57 13 is 3V Under interfering conditions the device has reduced accuracy Input impedance 0 15V 1M 15 150V 500k to 1M depending on the voltag...

Page 167: ...uracy Guaranteed accuracy 0 2 1 1 1 0 30VA 0 05 0 1 1 2000 1 0 30VA 0 02 0 05 2000 5000 1 0 30VA 0 03 0 1 5000 10000 1 0 30VA 0 05 0 2 Ratio measurement accuracy for 5 A CTs at rated current CT ratio...

Page 168: ...computer refer to section 2 3 on page 23 The CT Analyzer will only communicate via the selected interface It will not be recognized by the computer if the CT Analyzer settings do not match the interf...

Page 169: ...trol interface standard type B connector 10 8 Environmental Conditions 10 8 1 Climate Connections required 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield 9 pole DB9 null modem or crossover cable 2 x fe...

Page 170: ...lbs without accessories Dimensions W x H x D 360 x 285 x 145mm 14 2 x 11 2 x 5 7 CE Conformity Requirements The product adheres to the specifications of the guidelines of the Council of the European C...

Page 171: ...fuse type T6 3H 250 V 6 3 Amps slow acting high breaking capacity wire fuse 5 x 20mm The CT Analyzer has two fuses of the same type 11 3 Calibrating the CT Analyzer OMICRON offers a reference CT calib...

Page 172: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 170...

Page 173: ...ot determine a constant winding resistance within 10sec during primary or secondary winding resistance measurement Solution The test cannot be continued Check the connections to the CT 110 xxx Warning...

Page 174: ...ty of the measurement cables on the primary or secondary side of the CT 130 xxx Warning 130 xxx Burden impedance 1kOhm Reason Burden impedance 1k Solution The test cannot be continued Check the connec...

Page 175: ...Check whether the PRIM IN sockets on the CT SB2 are connected properly and with correct polarity If necessary connect with changed polarity 205 xxx Warning 205 xxx Check connection Input PRIM may be d...

Page 176: ...fter test is missing Reason The license required for simulation is not available Solution Simulation of the results for changed test settings e g different burden values after the test is not possible...

Page 177: ...ection cores is not available Solution Testing is only possible for metering cores Purchase a corresponding license if you want to perform testing of protection cores 358 xxx Warning 358 xxx License M...

Page 178: ...to CT Analyzer input SEC Solution Make sure that the CTA SEC sockets on the CT SB2 are properly connected to CT Analyzer input SEC and restart your test 407 xxx Warning 407 xxx Check CT SB2 switch box...

Page 179: ...d to the CT Analyzer Reason Remote interface error Failed to get the required measurement data because the measurement is still running Solution Check the connection between CT Analyzer and PC 511 xxx...

Page 180: ...or more files using the Copy or Cut function and try again 808 xxx Warning 808 xxx Renaming of folders not supported Reason This action is not supported Solution Renaming of folders is not supported...

Page 181: ...ems to be not a CT Analyzer report Solution The report cannot be loaded by the CT Analyzer 817 xxx Error 817 xxx The xml file has no valid OMICRON report style Reason The xml file has no valid OMICRON...

Page 182: ...ry change the settings and store the file again 832 xxx Lifetime of relays near end Contact the next OMICRON service center soon to arrange a hardware service Reason The relays inside the CT Analyzer...

Page 183: ...t disconnect any wires don t switch off mains wait until power is dissipated ATTENTION Lethal voltages on output terminals Reason The device receives excessive reverse power so that the power output...

Page 184: ...edgement the software waits at least 1 minute before the test can be started again 908 xxx Error 908 xxx Device shut down Reason Internal power failure on the measurement interface module Solution The...

Page 185: ...id CT Analyzer software Insert a CF Card with valid Software and press Update Firmw Reason Cannot find valid CT Analyzer software Solution Insert a Compact Flash card with valid software CTAnalyzer bi...

Page 186: ...pt factory calibration data for power unit Contact next Omicron service center Reason Factory calibration data corrupt Solution Contact your next OMICRON service center 943 xxx Error 943 xxx Error ove...

Page 187: ...006 20 F Tower 2 The Gateway Harbour City Kowloon Hong Kong S A R Phone 852 3767 5500 Fax 852 3767 5400 support asia omicron at www omicron at Europe Middle East Africa OMICRON electronics GmbH Oberes...

Page 188: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 186...

Page 189: ...34 for special applications 28 for usual applications 24 GIS SF6 switch gear 30 measurement for unwound iron core 29 noise reduction for measurement 43 polarity check Quick Test 39 primary winding re...

Page 190: ...measurement 28 GIS SF6 switch gear measurement 30 grounding terminal 13 Guesser function 131 H hardware Compact Flash memory card slot 13 display 17 fuse 13 grounding 13 I 0 key 16 inputs and outputs...

Page 191: ...witch 13 operation from computer 77 operator qualifications 7 output overview 15 technical data 163 overload indication 100 overview hardware overview 12 P P M default selection 66 pasting a file 64 P...

Page 192: ...k and vibration conditions 167 short guide 45 soft keys 17 using the soft keys 59 standard default selection 66 start delay default selection 67 start page CT Analyzer PC Toolset 162 startup mode defa...

Page 193: ...test 26 bushing type CT 32 CT test 24 delta winding transformer 34 GIS SF6 switch gear 30 measurement for unwound iron core 29 noise reduction for measurement 43 polarity check Quick Test 39 primary w...

Page 194: ...CT Analyzer User Manual 192...

Page 195: ...CT SB2 User Manual...

Page 196: ...CT SB2 User Manual 2 Manual Version CTSB2 AE 3...

Page 197: ...3 Measurement Setup 19 3 1 General 19 3 2 Connecting the Communication Link Between CT SB2 and CT Analyzer 20 3 3 Basic Measurement Setup for Multi Ratio CT Testing 21 3 4 Basic Measurement Setup for...

Page 198: ...s 45 6 4 Resistance Excitation and Ratio Card for Multi Ratio CT Testing 47 6 5 Test Assessment for Multi Ratio CT Testing 47 7 Technical Data 49 7 1 Specifications 49 7 2 PC and CTA Interfaces 49 7 3...

Page 199: ...ty to comply with all relevant national and international safety regulations Operator Qualifications and Safety Standards Working on high voltage power equipment can be extremely dangerous Testing wit...

Page 200: ...Manual Symbol Description Caution Equipment damage or loss of data possible Warning Personal injury or severe damage to objects possible Title Description CT Analyzer User Manual Contains information...

Page 201: ...ion against adjacent live parts Orderly Measures The CT SB2 User Manual or the e book version of the manual always has to be available on the site where the CT SB2 is being used All users of the CT SB...

Page 202: ...plication Always be aware of the danger of the high voltages and currents associated with this equipment Pay attention to the information provided in this User Manual When disconnecting cables always...

Page 203: ...her use is deemed not to be according to the regulations If the CT SB2 is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the CT SB2 may be impaired The manufacturer and...

Page 204: ...CT SB2 User Manual 10...

Page 205: ...ent Using the CT SB2 it is also possible to include burden and primary winding resistance measurement to the automatic CT test procedure without rewiring Single ratio CT testing Due to the possibility...

Page 206: ...CT SB2 User Manual 12...

Page 207: ...nd ready for operation Status LED Mains connection unit Mains socket with fuse and ON OFF switch BURDEN IN Measurement input for burden measurement OUT Generator output for burden measurement A green...

Page 208: ...ial bonding connector 4mm socket combined with knurled nut for clamp connection Mains fuse 2 x T2 0A 250V high breaking capacity PC interface 9 pole SUB D connector female Connection of the CT SB2 to...

Page 209: ...are 2 2 Block Diagram Simplified Figure 2 3 Simplified block diagram of the CT SB2 Power Supply Mains Control RS232 RS232 CTA CTA PC TAPS Switching relays BURDEN Relays PRIM Relays CT PRIM CT SEC TAPS...

Page 210: ...SB2 1 x 4 pole cable 7m 22ft Test cable for connecting the burden to the CT SB2 1 x 9 pole SUB D cable 0 3m 1ft Data connection cable from the CTA interface on the CT SB2 to the remote control interf...

Page 211: ...17 Hardware 1 x Cable bag Bag for cables and accessories Accessories Description...

Page 212: ...CT SB2 User Manual 18...

Page 213: ...out any need for wiring changes during the test procedure If you do not want to perform burden or primary winding resistance measurement you should preferably use the normal single ratio CT test mode...

Page 214: ...lyzer be connected to a PC Which CT Analyzer interface should be used for PC connection Connect the CT Analyzer and the CT SB2 switch box accordingly as shown in the following figure CT Analyzer not c...

Page 215: ...X5 X6 Burden Wiring for burden measurement see Figure 3 4 CT For information how to connect the communication link between the CT SB2 and the CT Analyzer please refer to section 3 2 on page 20 Warning...

Page 216: ...2 Remove the data connection cable from the remote control interface of the CT Analyzer if you do not use the CT SB2 for CT testing with the CT Analyzer Figure 3 3 Basic measurement setup for single r...

Page 217: ...in addition to the basic measurement setup shown in Figure 3 2 and Figure 3 3 and or the additional wiring for primary winding resistance measurement shown in Figure 3 5 as required Figure 3 4 Additi...

Page 218: ...n addition to the basic measurement setup shown in Figure 3 2 and Figure 3 3 and or the additional wiring for burden measurement shown in Figure 3 4 as required Figure 3 5 Additional wiring required f...

Page 219: ...on page 21 2 Switch the CT SB2 and the CT Analyzer on 3 On the CT Analyzer select New MR Test from the main menu and press the OK soft key to initialize a new multi ratio CT test 4 2 Configuring and S...

Page 220: ...Config card the CT Analyzer offers soft keys with predefined ratios when the I pn field is selected with the cursor see Figure 4 1 If you select one of these predefined multi ratio schemes the CT Ana...

Page 221: ...of the connected operating burden is available enter the values to these fields If you measure the burden during the CT test using the burden measurement function of the CT Analyzer these fields are f...

Page 222: ...the common tap The default common tap can be selected in the device settings of the CT Analyzer see chapter 5 on page 33 Using the Show Inter Taps soft key you can display the intertap combinations i...

Page 223: ...mbination The nominal burden VA automatically assigned by the CT Analyzer can be changed manually by the user for all tap and intertap combinations except the full tap combination Note The VA column i...

Page 224: ...B2 front panel 1 The CT Analyzer measures the secondary winding resistance of the CT for each tap combination 2 The CT Analyzer measures the excitation curve and determines the knee point and other im...

Page 225: ...d shows the results calculated with the nominal burden or calculated with the operating burden Figure 4 5 MR Results card showing ratio results left and excitation results right Hint It is possible to...

Page 226: ...CT SB2 User Manual 32...

Page 227: ...nalyzer automatically initializes a single tap CT test a multi ratio CT test or a QuickTest measurement after startup Select the mode using the soft keys Single Tap Multi Ratio or Quick If the Multi R...

Page 228: ...X3 X1 X4 etc if common tap is X1 Select the default common tap using the soft keys X1 and X where is the highest tap number available depending on the selected number of taps The common tap defined h...

Page 229: ...rds MR Config and MR Results These cards are only available if a multi ratio CT test has been initialized by selecting New MR Test from the main menu of the CT Analyzer Depending on the selected stand...

Page 230: ...he Number of Taps is set to 3 or 5 in the MR Config card the CT Analyzer offers soft keys with predefined ratios for 3 tap or 5 tap CTs when the I pn field is selected with the cursor see Figure 6 2 I...

Page 231: ...ally calculates the value for VA The cos for the nominal burden is automatically selected according to the standard Note The CT Analyzer automatically scales down the nominal burden specified here for...

Page 232: ...t ratio Ipn Isn and the nominal burden for the full tap combination as well as the operating burden have to be specified in the CT Object card see section 6 1 on page 36 Figure 6 3 MR Config card The...

Page 233: ...en See VA and Burden on page 42 for more detailed information Using the Common Tap to X soft key you can select the common tap e g tap X5 instead of default tap X1 The common tap is the tap that is us...

Page 234: ...ould preferably be performed using the normal single ratio CT test mode of the CT Analyzer without using the CT SB2 Tap in Use The tap combination actually used during operation of the CT e g X1 X4 Se...

Page 235: ...f intertap combinations X2 X3 X2 X4 X3 X4 Ipn Isn A Use this column to set the nominal current ratio Ipn Isn for each tap combination The nominal ratio for the full tap combination e g X1 X5 for a 5 t...

Page 236: ...ds it to the next value stated in the standard see Figure 6 3 on page 38 The nominal burden VA automatically assigned by the CT Analyzer can be changed manually by the user for all tap and intertap co...

Page 237: ...using the Enable and Disable soft keys It is not possible to disable the full tap combination Disabling unused tap combinations reduces the test duration Disabled taps are not measured Therefore no te...

Page 238: ...results see Ratio results or excitation results on page 46 the results for the tap combinations or the intertap combinations of the CT see Show Inter Taps and Show Taps on page 45 and the results wit...

Page 239: ...ields on the top of the page display the operating burden specified on the CT Object card The operating burden is the same for all tap or intertap combinations By default the results are displayed for...

Page 240: ...inished if the corresponding test file containing the measurement results of the CT is loaded in the CT Analyzer Ratio results or excitation results The measurement results are displayed on two differ...

Page 241: ...combination given by the Number of Taps e g for X1 X5 if number of taps 5 Vb V TCF ALF FS Kssc The result displayed in this column depends on the standard selected in the CT Object card and the type o...

Page 242: ...CT SB2 User Manual 48...

Page 243: ...ely intended to connect the CT SB2 to a CT Analyzer Figure 7 1 PC interface on the CT SB2 Specifications Mains connection Connector according to IEC 60320 Mains voltage 100 240VAC 50 60Hz 0 2A Mains f...

Page 244: ...Figure 7 3 Connection cable CT SB2 to CT Analyzer 1 5 6 9 CTA interface 9 pole SUB D connector male Outside view onto the pins at the CT SB2 Connections required 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Page 245: ...IEC 60068 2 78 Cab Damp Heat Temp 40 C duration 48h rel humidity 95 Dynamics Vibration Tested according to IEC 60068 2 6 frequency range 10 150 Hz acceleration 2g continuous 20 m s2 20 cycles per axi...

Page 246: ...or meeting the requirements of the member states regarding the electromagnetic compatibility EMC Directive 2004 108 EC and the low voltage Directive 2006 95 EC EMC Emission Europe International USA EN...

Page 247: ...rn off the CT SB2 and unplug the power cord 2 Ground the test object and disconnect it from the CT SB2 By disconnecting it you prevent a possibly faulty test object from feeding power back into the CT...

Page 248: ...CT SB2 User Manual 54...

Page 249: ...ing Messages for the CT SB2 9 Error and Warning Messages for the CT SB2 The CT SB2 specific error and warning messages of the CT Analyzer are listed in chapter Error and Warning Messages in the CT Ana...

Page 250: ...CT SB2 User Manual 56...

Page 251: ...06 20 F Tower 2 The Gateway Harbour City Kowloon Hong Kong S A R Phone 852 3767 5500 Fax 852 3767 5400 support asia omicron at www omicron at Europe Middle East Africa OMICRON electronics GmbH Oberes...

Page 252: ...CT SB2 User Manual 58...

Page 253: ...ning messages 55 Excitation card 47 F functional components 13 fuse 14 53 fuse replacement 53 G grounding connector 14 H hardware block diagram 15 CTA and PC interface 14 fuse 14 grounding 14 mains co...

Page 254: ...47 S safety power supply 7 safe operation 8 safety rules 7 safety standards 5 52 scope of delivery 16 shock and vibration conditions 51 single ratio CT testing measurement setup 22 support 57 T techn...

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