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LeCroy WaveRunner 6Zi, Getting Started Manual

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LeCroy WaveRunner 6Zi Getting Started Manual Download Page 121

WaveRunner 6 Zi Oscilloscopes 

111 

WR6Zi-GSM-E 

The 

Detailed

 selection produces cursors, Measure Gate gate 

posts, a label identifying the parameter being measured, and a 
level indicator and hysteresis band for "at level" parameters. 

Note

: The choice of 

Simple

 or 

Detailed

 is applied to all parameters at 

the same time. That is, if you choose Simple markers for one 
parameter, all parameters are then displayed in this mode. 

5.

 

Touch the 

Always On

 checkbox if you want to continuously display 

Help Markers for this parameter. 

T

URNING 

O

FF 

H

ELP 

M

ARKERS

 

1.

 

Touch the 

Clear All

 button to turn off Help Markers for all 

parameters. 

 

2.

 

Turn off Help Markers for individual parameters by touching the 

Px

 tab for the parameter in question. Then uncheck the 

AlwaysOn

 

checkbox. When you close this dialog, the Help Markers for this 
parameter are no longer shown. 

Measurement Parameter Analysis 

Measurement Parameter Analysis Overview 

LeCroy provides a variety of unique capabilities for advanced 
measurement parameter analysis. Most LeCroy oscilloscopes calculate 
measurements for all instances in the acquisition. This provides the 
ability to rapidly and thoroughly analyze a long memory acquisition and 
calculate thousands or millions of parameter values, or find anomalous 
measurements. A variety of views are then provided allowing quick and 
easy measurement value understanding, as follows: 

 

Histograms

 provide a view of the measurement parameter 

distribution. See 

Create and View a Histogram

 (on page 113). 

 

Tracks

 provide a time-correlated view of a measurement 

parameter compared to other acquired channels or calculated 

Summary of Contents for WaveRunner 6Zi

Page 1: ...Getting Started Manual WaveRunner 6 Zi Oscilloscopes ...

Page 2: ...WaveRunner 6 Zi Oscilloscopes February 2011 ...

Page 3: ...ny damage or malfunction caused by the use of non LeCroy supplies Furthermore LeCroy shall not be obligated to service a product that has been modified or integrated where the modification or integration increases the task duration or difficulty of servicing the oscilloscope Spare and replacement parts and repairs all have a 90 day warranty The oscilloscope s firmware has been thoroughly tested an...

Page 4: ...y Requirements 3 Safety Symbols 3 Operating Environment 5 Safety Certification 6 Cooling 7 AC Power Source 7 Power Consumption 8 Power and Ground Connections 8 Calibration 11 Cleaning 11 Abnormal Conditions 12 Hardware 13 Front Panel 13 Rotating and Tilting the Display 14 I O Panel 17 Back Panel 18 Basic Controls 19 Hardware and Software Controls 19 Front Panel Controls 19 Front Panel Groupings 20...

Page 5: ...faces 33 Probe Interfaces Overview 33 ProBus Probe and Cable Connecting Interface 35 Probes 36 Passive Probe Compensation 37 Display Dashboard 38 Display Dashboard Overview 38 Screen Layout Groupings and Controls 38 Menu Bar 39 The Quick Access Toolbar 39 The Signal Display Grid 40 Signal Display Grid Pop Up Menu 42 Trace Descriptor Labels 42 Actions for Trace Buttons 44 Annotating Traces 44 Dialo...

Page 6: ...g an Individual Segment 62 Viewing Time Stamps 63 RIS Sampling Mode For Higher Sampling Rates 63 Roll Mode 64 Vertical 66 Adjusting Sensitivity and Position 66 Adjusting Sensitivity 66 Adjusting the Waveform s Position 66 Coupling 67 Overload Protection 67 Setting Coupling 67 Probe Attenuation 67 Setting up Probe Attenuation 67 Bandwidth Limits 68 Setting Bandwidth Limits 68 Linear and SinX X Inte...

Page 7: ...72 Width 72 Pattern Logic 72 Smart 72 Measurement 74 TV 74 MulitStage 75 Serial Trigger 76 Trigger Settings 76 Trigger Setup 77 Optimize for HF 81 Width Condition is 82 Holdoff by Time or Events 82 Auxiliary Input Trigger 84 TriggerScan 85 Training TriggerScan 86 Starting TriggerScan 87 Saving TriggerScan Setups 88 Viewing Waveforms 88 Display 88 Display Overview 88 Display Setup 89 ...

Page 8: ...oomed Waveforms 98 Zooming a Single Channel 98 Touch and Drag Zooming 100 Turning Off Zoom 101 Measuring with Cursors 102 Measuring with Cursors Overview 102 Cursor Measurement Icons 102 Cursors Setup 103 Quick Display 103 Absolute Cursors Setup 103 Setting Up Relative Cursors 104 Cursors on Math Functions 104 Measurement Parameters 105 Measurement Parameters Overview 105 Turning On Parameters 105...

Page 9: ...istence Histogram 119 Persistence Trace Range 120 Persistence Sigma 120 Creating and Viewing a Trend 120 Creating a Track View 121 Pass Fail Parameter Testing 122 Pass Fail Parameter Testing Overview 122 Testing and Enabling Pass Fail Conditions 123 Pass Fail Setup on Qx Dialogs 124 The Actions Dialog 128 Math 131 Math Traces and Functions Overview 131 Math Setup 132 Mask Testing 134 Creating a Ma...

Page 10: ...ng and Recalling Setups 150 Saving Oscilloscope Setup s 150 Recalling Oscilloscope Setup s 150 Recalling Default Settings 151 Saving and Recalling Waveforms 152 Saving Waveforms 152 Recalling Waveforms 155 Utilities 157 Utilities Setup 157 Utilities Overview 157 Utilities 157 Status 159 Remote Communication 159 Printing and Hardcopy Functions 161 Aux Output 169 Date and Time 171 Options 172 Disk U...

Page 11: ...oring Software Using the Acronis Application 180 Restarting the Application 184 Restarting the Operating System 184 Reference 185 WaveRunner 6 Zi Specifications 185 CERTIFICATIONS 185 CE Declaration of Conformity 185 EMC Directive 185 Low Voltage Directive 186 UL and cUL 187 Contact LeCroy for Support 188 Windows License Agreement 202 Index 203 ...

Page 12: ... following sections Hardware Basic Controls Probe and Signal Connection Interfaces Display Dashboard Turning on Channels and Traces Core Oscilloscope Functions This section covers the core functions of LeCroy oscilloscopes Compatible Options and Accessories Subsequent sections demonstrate the related Options and Accessories available for your product Reference The Reference section is set aside an...

Page 13: ...er Safety Requirements This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the instrument operating in a correct and safe condition You are required to follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the safety precautions specified in this section Safety Symbols Where the following symbols appear on the instrument s front or rear panels or in this manual they a...

Page 14: ...bol shows that the switch is a Standby power switch located on the front of the oscilloscope Pressing this button toggles the oscilloscope s state between operating and Standby mode This switch is not a disconnect device The instrument can only be placed in a complete Power Off state by flipping the main power switch on the rear of the instrument if provided to the off Zero position or by removing...

Page 15: ...er EN 61010 1 safety standard and is applicable for the oscilloscope front panel measuring terminals CAT I rated terminals must only be connected to source circuits in which measures are taken to limit transient voltages to an appropriately low level Operating Environment The instrument is intended for indoor use and should be operated in a clean dry environment Before using this product ensure th...

Page 16: ...nstrument has been verified to conform to applicable EN 61010 1 UL 61010 1 2nd Edition and CSA C22 2 No 61010 1 04 safety standards for the following limits Installation Overvoltage Categories II Mains Supply Connector I Measuring Terminals Pollution Degree 2 Protection Class I PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING Installation Overvoltage Category II refers to local distribution level which is applicable to ...

Page 17: ...tion by leaving the required 10 cm 4 inch minimum gap around the sides and rear of the instrument For bottom apertures the oscilloscope feet up or down provide adequate clearance Ensure at least the minimum feet clearance is achieved as paper or light objects can be drawn to and obstruct the opening s CAUTION Do not block oscilloscope ventilation holes For models with bottom apertures always keep ...

Page 18: ...instrument For adequate protection against electrical shock hazard the power cord plug must be inserted into a mating AC outlet containing a safety ground contact Ensure that the disconnect device is readily accessible WARNING Electrical Shock Hazard Only use the power cord provided with your instrument Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the oscilloscope or disconnec...

Page 19: ...WaveRunner 6 Zi Oscilloscopes 9 WR6Zi GSM E Always use the Power Switch or File Shutdown command in the software to properly shut down your instrument ...

Page 20: ...s On LED Green oscilloscope is fully powered and operational Standby LED off oscilloscope is powered off except for some housekeeping circuits Standby LED Blinks Green oscilloscope s computer subsystems hard drive etc are in Standby reduced Power mode All other oscilloscope subsystems are fully powered Factory Settings The oscilloscope s factory settings result in only two basic oscilloscope state...

Page 21: ...cope can always be placed in the Standby state LED Off Power Off except for some housekeeping circuits by pressing and holding in the Standby toggle switch for approximately 5 seconds CAUTION Hibernate mode is not supported by the Power button Therefore Windows Power Options must not be changed from the default Never setting to System Standby or System Hibernate modes CAUTION Always use the Power ...

Page 22: ...anufacturer If you suspect the oscilloscope s protection has been impaired disconnect the power cord and secure the instrument against any unintended operation The oscilloscope s protection is likely to be impaired if for example the instrument shows visible damage or has been subjected to severe transport stresses Proper use of the instrument depends on careful reading of all instructions and lab...

Page 23: ...correspond with descriptions on the following table Number and Description 1 Power Button 2 Channel Inputs 3 EXT Input and AUX Output connectors 4 Ground Connector and Probe Calibration Hook 5 USB Connections and LeCroy Bus Port 6 Front Panel 7 Rotating Display Release Switch 8 Touch Screen Stylus ...

Page 24: ...r oscilloscope should always be firmly planted on a solid supporting surface at all times ROTATING THE DISPLAY Rotate the display by firmly grasping the left side of the display Use your thumb to push upward on the release switch on the front left side of the display and then use your wrist to forcibly rotate the display in an upward clockwise twisting motion until the display locks into portrait ...

Page 25: ...e now upper side of the display Again use your thumb to push upward on the release switch but now use your wrist to forcibly rotate the display in a downward counter clockwise twisting motion until the display locks back into landscape position The user interface then adjusts the layout back from portrait vertical to landscape horizontal TILTING THE DISPLAY The display can be tilted while in eithe...

Page 26: ...front panel Use your wrists to forcibly tilt the display by pushing the upper portions forward to tilt upward or the lower portions backward to tilt downward until the desired positioning is reached Tilting the display by pushing the upper portions of the display front panel forward tilting the display from downward to upward positioning ...

Page 27: ...Croy Bus LBUS connection is located on the Front Panel on page 13 Numbered labels on the following I O Panel image correspond with descriptions on the following table Number and Description 1 USB488 Connection 2 USB A Connections 3 Ethernet Port 4 Microphone Connection 5 Speaker Connection 6 Line In Connection 7 External VGA Monitor Connection ...

Page 28: ...rator when connecting to any internal LAN Back Panel The AC Power Plug is located on the back panel of your instrument Note The WaveRunner 6 Zi has a removable hard drive option Contact your LeCroy representative for details using Contact LeCroy for Support on page 188 ...

Page 29: ...ocated on the oscilloscope s front panel and the screen control interface elements of the software Front Panel Controls Note Many front panel controls directly correspond with screen layout controls For example the Print front panel general control button corresponds with the Hardcopy function at Utilities Utilities Setup Hardcopy The following picture shows the front panel ...

Page 30: ...et the oscilloscope to automatically spool directly to a printer to a file an email with attachment or to the clipboard Scope Setup Press once and the Scope Setup flyout menu is shown The Scope Setup flyout menu quickly provides access to Auto Setup C1 Find Scale C2 Find Scale C3 Find Scale C4 Find Scale and Default Setup buttons These functions perform various automatic setup configurations to yo...

Page 31: ...his is the same as pressing Clear Sweeps on the Measure Measure Setup or Math Math Setup dialogs WaveStream Indicates when WaveStream mode is ON Refer to WaveStream Mode on page 96 for more information Intensity Press to toggle between WaveStream OFF and ON for Analog Persistence and WaveStream ON for Color Persistence When you turn the knob if WaveStream is ON the WaveStream display intensity cha...

Page 32: ...accessed on the Setup section of the main Trigger dialog Coupling This button directly selects through the available Coupling field values DC AC LFR Low Frequency Rejection or HFR High Frequency Rejection usually accessed on the Setup section of the main Trigger dialog Auto Press to turn on Auto Trigger mode which triggers the oscilloscope after a time out even if the trigger conditions are not me...

Page 33: ... horizontal delay value Turn to change the horizontal delay value Time Div Turn to set the time division of the oscilloscope timebase acquisition system When using this Horizontal control on a Math Zoom or Memory trace you can press this button to toggle between fixed and variable adjustments Turn the knob to change the value Vertical Front Panel Controls Note Vertical front panel controls can be ...

Page 34: ...e between fixed and variable gain adjustment Turn to change the gain value Math Zoom and Memory Indicators and Controls When pressed the Zoom automatically creates a Zoom trace of all active channels Math and Memory traces must first be enabled on their respective dialogs in Math Math Memory Setup for use by the front panel controls When Math Zoom or Memory traces are enabled see Math Math Zoom Me...

Page 35: ...Knob to provide increased instrument control at your fingertips The SuperKnob is a joystick like knob in the center of the WavePilot Control Area used to make selections or provide specific values The SuperKnob shown on the WavePilot Control Area SuperKnob Field Control and the Adjust Help Flyout Menu Whenever you access a non text entry or file browsing control on a dialog the Adjust Help Flyout ...

Page 36: ...anel Based on the function button selected additional functions are then available on the SuperKnob PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING Not all functions have a function assigned to each or any left right up or down SuperKnob control Some only have one or two controls Deactivated SuperKnob control directions are shown as un labeled and grayed out on respective Help Flyout menus The name of the current mode ...

Page 37: ...ugh the table results You can also twist the SuperKnob dial to sequentially navigate each row of the table results The remaining topics in this section provide more detail when operating specific function buttons on the WavePilot Control Area and when using the SuperKnob CURSORS Use the SuperKnob to adjust Cursors by pressing the Cursors function button Once pressed the Cursors Help Flyout menu is...

Page 38: ...b button changes the cursor control from the two available states with the added state of tracking moving the pair together in parallel You can force cursors to swap identities in the event where one is adjusted past the level of its other extreme Meaning if you were to adjust a bottommost cursor above its respective topmost cursor the bottommost would then become the topmost and vice versa Note Z...

Page 39: ...veScan dialog is Closed Zoom and Table Buttons for WaveScan The Zoom and Table buttons are used as described in The WavePilot Control Area and The SuperKnob Overview on page 25 HISTORY When first pressing the History function button the History dialog is shown with table data showing in a column to the left of the main display area Subsequent presses of the History function button produce the foll...

Page 40: ...ntries already stored a subsequent press of the LabNotebook function button shows the preview along with the dialog You can then turn the SuperKnob to move through entries shown in My Notebook Entries on the LabNotebook dialog Pushing the SuperKnob performs a Flashback Recall of the stored entry selected in the My Notebook Entries on the LabNotebook dialog Note Zoom and Table buttons are not used ...

Page 41: ... The SuperKnob Overview on page 25 In addition a spectrum specific Table control functionality Centers the Frequency of your displayed waveform when the SuperKnob is pressed based on the particular Frequency row you have selected from the Spectrum table displayed to the left of the main display area The Table Help Flyout menu for the Spectrum Function button ...

Page 42: ...rfaces This can be an advantage when the highest speed signal on a design requires the use of a high bandwidth oscilloscope yet it is also highly desired to view other low speed signals in conjunction with the highest speed signals so as to debug or analyze a complicated embedded design An example would be a high speed serial data interface such as PCIe that may interoperate with low speed signals...

Page 43: ...gs are made manually and also offers the following important signal fidelity advantages Upon connection to the oscilloscope channel the probe is recognized and some setup information such as input coupling and attenuation is performed automatically System probe plus oscilloscope gain settings are automatically calculated and displayed based on the probe attenuation Active probes typically provide ...

Page 44: ... interfaces Zi oscilloscopes are compatible with all LeCroy probes The following figure shows a typical channel setup dialog on a LeCroy oscilloscope containing both ProLink Input A Upper and ProBus Input B Lower interfaces The input selection is on the left hand side of the dialog box In this case the A input the ProLink interface is selected When the probe is not connected there is only a C1 tab...

Page 45: ...d are automatically downloaded from the probe and these settings along with other attributes are shown on the corresponding probe dialog The dialog showing the connected probe s control attributes ProBus Probe and Cable Connecting Interface The ProBus interface contains a 6 pin power and communication connection and a BNC signal connection to the probe It offers both 50 Ω 1 MΩ input impedance and ...

Page 46: ...bes single ended and differential Single Ended A single ended active probe is associated with measuring voltages at high frequencies Measurement with an active probe requires a test point and a ground point The ground also called earth acts as a zero reference for the test point measurement Differential Probes Differential active probes are like two probes in one Instead of measuring a test point ...

Page 47: ...pensation Passive probes must be compensated to flatten overshoot This is accomplished by means of a trimmer at the connector end of the probe 1 Attach the connector end of your passive probe to any channel 2 Connect the probe end to the CAL output connector at the front of the oscilloscope Ground the probe 3 Adjust the trim pot at the connector end of the probe until the square wave is as flat as...

Page 48: ...en Layout Groupings and Controls The instrument s screen is divided into the following main sections Menu Bar Signal Display Grid Descriptor Labels Dialog s The Message Bar Note Many front panel controls directly correspond with screen layout controls For example the Print front panel general control button corresponds with the Hardcopy function set from Utilities Utilities Setup Hardcopy ...

Page 49: ... access most dialogs from the Front Panel or from the Descriptor Labels However it is the only way to access setup or other dialogs for Display Setup Save or Recall Waveform Save or Recall Setups Print Setup Vertical Channel Horizontal or Trigger Status Memory Reference Waveform Setup Pass Fail Setup or Utilities and Preferences Setup The Quick Access Toolbar The Quick Access portion of the toolba...

Page 50: ...log offers a choice of grid combinations and can also set the grid intensity There are several indicators on the grid to help you understand the following Trigger Delay This indicator is located along the bottom edge of the grid Trigger delay allows you to see the signal prior to the trigger time All trigger delay values including post trigger delay shown here are displayed in the Timebase Descrip...

Page 51: ...row to the lower left of the grid Pre trigger delay is indicated by a right pointing arrow to the lower right of the grid Trigger Level This indicator is located at the right edge of the grid It tracks the trigger level as you reposition the trace up or down or change scale When triggering is stopped a hollow arrow indicates where the new level ends up when triggering resumes Push the LEVEL knob t...

Page 52: ...or Labels Shown just beneath the grid display these boxes provide a summary of your channel timebase and trigger settings When a trace is selected its corresponding descriptor label is shown highlighted The C1 Trace Descriptor Label is selected C2 is not Make vertical or horizontal channel adjustments by touching the respective label The setup dialog for the function is shown beneath Channel trace...

Page 53: ... channel timebase and trigger settings Make vertical or horizontal channel adjustments by touching the respective label The setup dialog for the function is shown beneath TimeBase trace descriptor labels show the trigger delay setting time per division and sampling information Trigger trace descriptor labels show the trigger mode Auto Normal or Stopped It also shows the coupling DC trigger type Ed...

Page 54: ...en the Measure dialog for the trace Annotate the selected trace For more information see the Actions for Trace Buttons section of Dialog Area on page 46 Annotating Traces The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label bearing your own text to a waveform display For each waveform you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off Also you can position them on the wavef...

Page 55: ... the label you want to change Note If the dialog for the trace you want to annotate is currently displayed you can touch the label button at the bottom to display the Trace Annotation setup dialog You may place a label anywhere you want on the waveform Labels are numbered sequentially according to the order in which they are added and not according to their placement on the waveform If you want to...

Page 56: ...ut Typically they are organized into tabular displays subtabs or pop up dialogs The dialog area is controlled by Touch Screen Controls and Front Panel Controls on page 19 Touch Screen Controls Various touch screen user interface controls are provided for easily entering data Their functionality is described in this topic and you ll see them referenced throughout the documentation POP UP SELECTOR C...

Page 57: ... sometimes descriptions for the selectable entry values Pop Up Selector Control for values with varied types TEXT ENTRY CONTROLS Most controls can be touched once and you can then provide a value using an attached or double touch click to use the Virtual on screen keyboard Text entry field for LabNotebook using the Virtual Keyboard ...

Page 58: ...ing recall waveform controls Note The instrument s hard disk is partitioned into drive C and drive D Drive C contains the Windows operating system and the instrument application software Drive D is intended for data files FLYOUT MENU CONTROLS Flyout Menus provides a variety of solutions for a particular main area of functionality It does this by providing a set of buttons subdividing the control i...

Page 59: ...S Certain fields requiring precise value entry assist you by having precision entry means When these controls are selected you can provide values as follows Keyboard Touch inside a text entry control and you can manually type the value in using an attached or double touch click to use the Virtual on screen keyboard Text entry field for LabNotebook using the Virtual Keyboard ...

Page 60: ...lider bar which shows the pop up keypad when touched For many controls once the Pop Up Keypad is shown the Front Panel Controls on page 19 can be used to adjust the value in the pop up The Pop Up contains Up and Down arrow buttons Set to Max Default and Min buttons and the Keypad itself for providing your value The slider bar also has a handy default value button for quickly entering the default f...

Page 61: ... math function from this menu without leaving the Channel Setup dialog A math trace of the channel whose dialog is currently open is automatically displayed Decode Opens the main Serial Decode dialog where protocol option measurements can be applied to signals Store Loads the channel trace into the next available memory location M1 to M4 Find Scale Automatically performs a vertical scaling that fi...

Page 62: ...yed at the far right Status error or other messages are also shown in this area Turning on Channels and Traces Note If you want to display each trace on its own grid automatically enable Autogrid by touching Display Autogrid from the menu bar On the front panel press a channel select button to display the trace label for that input channel and turn on the channel Turn on a math function trace by t...

Page 63: ...scriptor label the dialog at the bottom of the screen automatically switches to the vertical setup or math setup dialog for that selection You can configure your traces from here including math setups The Trace Dialog is shown on the lower dialog portion of the screen The tab is labeled with the corresponding channel number as follows ...

Page 64: ...ng the Timebase trace descriptor label The Timebase dialog is then shown Timebase Setup and Control 1 With the Timebase dialog showing touch inside the Time Division data entry control and provide a value using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 2 Touch inside the Delay data entry control and provide a value ...

Page 65: ...ger Times Single shot Sampling Mode Basic Capture Technique A single shot acquisition is a series of digitized voltage values sampled on the input signal at a uniform rate It is also a series of measured data values associated with a single trigger event The acquisition is typically stopped a defined number of samples after this event occurs a number determined by the selected trigger delay and me...

Page 66: ... 10 Time Per Division Sequence Sampling Mode Working with Segments Using Sequence Mode thousands of trigger events can be stored as segments into the oscilloscope s memory the exact number depends on oscilloscope model and memory options This is ideal when capturing many fast pulses in quick succession or when capturing few events separated by long time periods The instrument can capture complicat...

Page 67: ...ity In Sequence mode the complete waveform consists of a number of fixed size segments acquired in single shot mode see the instrument specifications for the limits The oscilloscope uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment as 10 x time div With this setting the oscilloscope uses the desired number of segments maximum segment length and total available me...

Page 68: ...Getting Started Manual WR6Zi GSM E 58 Sequence Display Modes The instrument gives you a choice of five ways to display your segments Adjacent Waterfall cascaded Mosaic tiled Overlay ...

Page 69: ...quired in single shot mode see the instrument specifications for the limits The oscilloscope uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment Along with this setting the oscilloscope uses the number of segments maximum segment length and total available memory to determine the actual number of samples or segments and time or points Setting up Sequence Mode Adjac...

Page 70: ...utomatically interrupt the sequence acquisition if the timeout value is exceeded without a valid trigger The timeout period accounts for instances when a Num Segments miscount occurs for some reason and the oscilloscope waits indefinitely for an unforthcoming segment During that time no oscilloscope functions are accessible By means of a timeout value however the acquisition will be completed the ...

Page 71: ...ts acquired Zoom descriptors indicate Seg and Segments in the Zoom You can scroll through the segments using ZOOM front panel position knob Sample Zoom of Segments in Sequence Mode 1 Touch the front panel Quickzoom button 2 Turn the ZOOM front panel position knob to scroll through the segments 3 To vary the degree of zoom touch the newly created Zx trace label The setup dialog for the zoom Z1 to Z...

Page 72: ...ime per div value using the pop up numeric keypad Then touch inside the Vertical Scale div control and enter a voltage value Displaying an Individual Segment 1 Touch Math Math Setup on the menu bar 2 Touch a function tab Fx showing its corresponding dialog 3 On the dialog touch inside the Operator1 control and select the Segment button from the pop up menu 4 In the dialog on the right touch the Se...

Page 73: ... and enter a segment number value you can also touch the arrow buttons to scroll through segment times RIS Sampling Mode For Higher Sampling Rates RIS Random Interleaved Sampling is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than the maximum single shot sampling rate It is used on repetitive waveforms with a stable trigger The maximum effective RIS sampling rate is achiev...

Page 74: ...nt collects the waveform data is much longer and depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required Note RIS mode is not available when the oscilloscope is operating in fixed sample or DBI 25 45 GHz modes as covered in Smart Memory available in the online help files and Combining Channels topics respectively Roll Mode Roll mode displays in real time incoming points in single shot ...

Page 75: ... 65 WR6Zi GSM E Note If the processing time is greater than the acquire time the data in memory gets overwritten In this case the instrument issues a Channel data is not continuous in ROLL mode warning and rolling starts over again ...

Page 76: ... knob for the selected channel OR Touch inside the Volts Div field and enter a value Click the keypad button to enter a value using the pop up keypad or use the up down arrows The set voltage is shown on the trace descriptor label and in the Volts Div field in the dialog Adjusting the Waveform s Position Turn the VERTICAL OFFSET adjust front panel knob directly above the channel button whose wavef...

Page 77: ...reset the coupling to DC 50 Ω described in the steps to follow CAUTION While the unit does provide this protection damage can still occur if extreme voltages are applied Setting Coupling 1 Touch Vertical Channel X Setup from the menu bar 2 Touch inside the Coupling control and select a coupling mode from the pop up menu Probe Attenuation Setting up Probe Attenuation LeCroy s ProBus system automati...

Page 78: ...imits Set bandwidth limits as follows 1 In the menu bar touch Vertical and then select a channel from the drop down menu 2 Touch inside the Bandwidth control and provide a Bandwidth Limit value using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 Bandwidth filters are available at the following levels WaveRunner 1 GHz 20...

Page 79: ... Touch inside the Interpolation data entry control A pop up menu appears offering Linear or Sinx x interpolation Touch the button for the desired interpolation type Inverting Waveforms If available on your instrument touch the Invert checkbox to invert the waveform for the selected channel Finding Scale You can access the Find Scale button from the channel setup dialog This feature automatically c...

Page 80: ...Channel Deskew Unlike the Deskew math function channel Deskew does no resampling but instead adjusts the horizontal offset by the amount that you enter The valid range is dependent on the current timebase 9 divisions Channel Deskew Setup 1 In the menu bar touch Vertical from the drop down menu select a channel to set up 2 Touch inside the Deskew data entry control and provide a value using your pr...

Page 81: ...onditions that you define These triggers fall into the following major categories Simple Triggers activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope and hold off SMART Triggers sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic or complex conditions for triggering Use SMART Triggers for signals with rare features like glitches Measurement Trigger triggers that...

Page 82: ...positive or negative going pulse width bounded by a voltage level above or below which a trigger will occur Or you can specify a pulse width and voltage range within or outside of which a trigger will occur Pattern Logic Logic trigger enables triggering on a logical combination pattern of five inputs CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 and AUX You have a choice of four Boolean operators AND NAND OR NOR and you can st...

Page 83: ...ls that fall short of or exceed a given time limit In addition you can define a width range to capture any interval that is itself inside or outside the specified range an Exclusion trigger by interval GLITCH Glitch trigger is a simpler form of Width trigger Use Glitch trigger when you want to define a fixed pulse width time or time range only Glitch trigger makes no provision for voltage levels o...

Page 84: ...alling edge of a pulse crosses two threshold levels an upper level and a lower level The pulse edge must cross the thresholds faster or slower than a selected period of time Measurement This trigger type allows you to leverage parameter measurements as waveform trigger conditions A measurement trigger is either the only trigger or the final trigger in a chain of trigger events including hardware t...

Page 85: ...e oscilloscope on the A event and then triggers on all subsequent B events Note This button is enabled when using the sequence sampling mode It is commonly used in sequence mode for disk drive applications with the index pulse defined as the A qualifier signal and the servo gate signal as the B triggering events QUALIFIED A B In single trigger mode Qualify A B arms the oscilloscope on the A event ...

Page 86: ...e capability is standard on SDA model oscilloscopes and optional on WavePro WaveMaster and DDA model oscilloscopes The CDR feature is optional for the WaveRunner Zi family including 8b 10b decode Trigger Settings Horizontal and Vertical adjustments are typically made for all trigger types using either the Delay or Level knobs on the front panel of the instrument or their respective controls on the...

Page 87: ...e input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions Alternatively in the Trigger dialog you can touch inside the Level control and provide a value using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 Quickly set a level of zero volts by touching the Zero Level button An arrow on the right side of the grid shows the thre...

Page 88: ...ection by touching the button corresponding to the desired trigger 2 Touch inside the trigger Source control for your first Setup configuration and select a source on which to trigger 3 If available touch inside the Coupling control and select a coupling mode ...

Page 89: ...l With DC coupling all of the signal s frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for high frequency bursts 4 Touch inside the trigger Slope control and choose the direction of the trigger voltage transition used for generating a particular trigger event The selection is then shown to the right of the dialog as follows for a Positive Slope selection on an Edge Trigger ...

Page 90: ...level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is modified The Amplitude and Range of the trigger level have limits as detailed in the datasheet specifications regularly maintained on www lecroy com Touch inside the Level data entry control and provide a value using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen cont...

Page 91: ...amples Optimize for HF The Optimize for HF checkbox can be used on an Edge trigger to reject high or low frequencies The checkbox is marked by default meaning the instrument is optimized for high frequency waveforms Note If you are measuring a waveform that is 10 MHz or slower be sure to unmark the checkbox to avoid triggering on an incorrect slope ...

Page 92: ...lta Note Width Condition settings are summarized on the far right of the dialog Holdoff by Time or Events Holdoff is an additional condition of Edge and Pattern triggers It can be expressed either as a period of time or an event count Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or number of events after the last trigger occurred Events are the number of occasions on which the t...

Page 93: ...ut signal the coupling and the instrument s bandwidth Select a positive or negative slope and a minimum time between triggers The trigger is generated when the condition is met after the selected holdoff time counted from the last trigger The delay is initialized and started on each trigger Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Time The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive slope has be...

Page 94: ...by Events in this example two events The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive slope has been selected The broken upward pointing arrows indicate potential triggers while the bold ones show where triggers actually occur after the holdoff expires Auxiliary Input Trigger Some instrument models provide auxiliary input trigger capability It s done as a pattern trigger on the Ext di...

Page 95: ...iggers TriggerScan automates two key processes in triggering rare events 1 Trains the system by looking at normal acquired waveforms During the training the oscilloscope analyzes the waveforms to determine what waveforms normally look like Using this information it generates a list of smart trigger setups to trigger on abnormal situations 2 Loads the smart trigger setups from the Trainer and cycle...

Page 96: ...run the Trainer if you want to change the trigger types or if you change the channel or signal 1 Touch Trigger Trigger Setup from the menu bar 2 On the Trigger dialog click the TriggerScan tab 3 Touch the Trainer button and select a channel as the source for the training on the Trigger Scan Trainer pop up Also choose the types of triggers the Trainer should use to train the system and then touch t...

Page 97: ... you want to replace the selected trigger setup with the current trigger setup highlight the setup in the Trigger List and touch the Update Selected button 5 If you want to shown a specific trigger setup on the Trigger List highlight its corresponding row on the list and then touch the Load Selected button Note If you want to delete all trigger setups in the Trigger List touch the Delete All butto...

Page 98: ...t The current Trigger List is not be preserved after exiting the application unless you save it 1 On the TriggerScan dialog touch inside the Setup File Name data entry control and providing a file name using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 OR Touch the Browse button and select a location and file name 2 To...

Page 99: ...on the oscilloscope display LeCroy provides multi grid capability This creates multiple oscilloscope grids each with 8 bit vertical resolution and allows many full resolution grids but vertically smaller in grid height for concurrent display without affecting the vertical resolution Different grid displays are available based on instrument and installed software packages For example some displays ...

Page 100: ...E FOLLOWING Small images label each Display combination button and indicate its corresponding grid configuration Autogrid automatically adds or deletes grids as you select more or fewer waveforms to display 3 Touch inside the Grid Intensity data entry control as follows Provide a value from 0 to 100 ...

Page 101: ...tyle for your trace solid Line or Points as follows 5 Touch inside the trace Intensity data entry control if you want to change the value Enter a value from 0 to 100 Note Access the Monitor tab for external monitor display settings Refer to the External Display topic for more details SEQUENCE MODE DISPLAY Set up a Sequence Mode display by first selecting a Sequence trigger mode in the Timebase Hor...

Page 102: ...he Next Grid button Note If you have more than one waveform displayed on only one grid a second grid automatically opens when you select Next Grid Displays Containing Masks Since masks are pixel based display renderings you can think of them as part of the Display feature set on your instrument Masks and mask testing are applied to waveforms as part of Pass Fail functionality accessed from Analysi...

Page 103: ...ime setup may show a different Display tab Fix this by touching File Exit on the menu bar and re launching the oscilloscope software using the Start DSO shortcut on the desktop 1 Touch the Dual button on the Display Mode section of the Display dialog 2 Touch inside the Grid control on the Grid Mode section of the dialog The Select Grid pop up is shown 3 Touch the Dual Display category and choose f...

Page 104: ...ce for up to eight inputs for any channel math function or memory location M1 to M4 Persistence Setup Touch Display Persistence Setup on the menu bar Now touch the Persistence On checkbox and refer to the following scenarios based on your needs Persistence Setup for All Input Channels at Once 1 Touch the All Locked button 2 Touch one of the Mode buttons 3 Touch the Show last trace checkbox if you ...

Page 105: ...ton next to the channel OR For each input channel touch its tab to set up persistence for that channel 3 Touch one of the mode buttons 4 Touch the Show last trace checkbox if you want the last trace displayed 5 Touch inside the Saturation data entry control and enter a whole number integer 6 Touch inside the Persistence time data entry control and make a selection from the pop up menu 7 If you wan...

Page 106: ... following ways OFF When the button hasn t been pushed it may be turned to control the trace Intensity control value Analog Persistence When the button is pushed once the waveform resembles a trace on a phosphor oscilloscope Turning the knob affects persistence with a blended form of Intensity and Saturation As the knob is turned clockwise the Intensity value increases while the Saturation value d...

Page 107: ...nce Sampling Mode on page 56 You can also use the Multi Zoom Math function to create time locked zoom traces for selected waveforms using Multi Zoom At any time you can zoom a portion of a channel waveform or Memory Math function trace by touching and dragging a rectangle around any part of the input waveform see the To Zoom by Touch and Drag on page 100 topic The zoom trace will size itself to fi...

Page 108: ... setup dialog for you to create a zoom trace of your input waveform 1 On the menu bar touch Vertical Channel X Setup OR Touch the channel trace descriptor label for a displayed channel 2 Touch the Zoom at the bottom of the Cx Vertical Adjust dialog A zoom trace one of Z1 to Z4 is created for the selected channel 3 Vary the degree of zoom by touching the newly created Zx trace label The setup dialo...

Page 109: ...en controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 Then touch inside the Vertical Scale div control and enter a voltage value PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING To reset the zoom to x1 magnification touch Reset Zoom in the dialog You can also use the Zoom and Math front panel knobs to adjust the horizontal and vertical zoom Horizontal Position Press to reset the horizontal zoom position to zero Turn to change the...

Page 110: ...part of an input channel waveform math trace or memory trace The Zoom Z1 to Z4 dialog opens Note If you have enclosed a combination of channel and math or memory traces in the rectangle a pop up Rectangle Zoom Wizard is shown Touch a Zoom button Z1 to Z4 2 Turn off the zoom traces by touching the Undo button at the top right corner of the screen OR Uncheck the Trace On checkbox in the dialog for e...

Page 111: ...scopes 101 WR6Zi GSM E Turning Off Zoom Turn off a Zoom by either pressing the front panel Zoom button again OR On the corresponding Zoom dialog touch the Trace On checkbox to remove the check mark and disable the zoom trace ...

Page 112: ... Place them at a desired location along the time axis to read the signal s amplitude at the selected time Vert ical Voltage cursors are lines that you move vertically on the grid to measure the amplitude of a signal Cursor Measurement Icons Each cursor locates a point on the waveform The cursor values can be read in the descriptor label for the trace Use the Position data entry controls at the rig...

Page 113: ...s 1 On the menu bar touch Cursors then Off Abs Horizontal Rel Horizontal Abs Vertical or Rel Vertical OR Press the CURSOR TYPE button on the front panel repeatedly to scroll through each cursor type Turn the CURSORS knobs to adjust the position of the cursor Note The bottom cursor knob adjusts relative cursors It does not work with absolute cursor types 2 The cursors displayed assume the positions...

Page 114: ... Touch the Horizontal Rel or VerticalRel mode button 4 Touch a readout parameter button Absolute Delta Abs Delta or Slope 5 Touch inside the Position 1 and Position 2 data entry controls and type in a value for each cursor OR Use the CURSORS knobs on the front panel to place the cursors 6 If you want both cursors to move in unison as you adjust the position touch the Track check box to enable trac...

Page 115: ...time domains custom parameter groups and parameters for pass and fail testing You can make common measurements on one or more waveforms Turning On Parameters 1 Touch Measure Measure Setup on the menu bar 2 Touch the On checkbox for each parameter you want to enable 3 Touch the Show Table checkbox to display the parameters below the grid Quick Access to Parameter Setup Dialogs You can quickly gain ...

Page 116: ...ated on the Source1 control Math On Parameters Performs math addition subtraction multiplication division on parameters indicated on the Source1 and Source2 controls Advanced Web Edit Selecting this type uses LeCroy s Processing Web for measurement setup This feature available with the XWEB option allows you to chain practically unlimited math functions together for operation on your waveform meas...

Page 117: ...4 If you selected Measure On Waveforms touch inside the Measure field and select a parameter from the pop up menu OR If you selected Math On Parameters touch inside the Math Operator data entry field and select a math function from the pop up menu ...

Page 118: ... These are the default Standard Vertical Parameters Vertical mean sdev max min ampl pkpk top base Standard Horizontal Parameters These are the default Standard Horizontal Parameters Horizontal freq period width rise fall delay duty num points Selecting Measure Modes 1 Touch Measure Measure Setup on the menu bar 2 Under Measure Mode select the Std Vertical or Std Horizontal buttons Note You can cus...

Page 119: ...ayed after you have closed the Help Markers setup dialog You have a choice of Simple or Detailed views of the markers The Simple selection produces cursors and Measure Gate gate posts The gate posts are independently placeable for each parameter The Detailed selection produces cursors Measure Gate gate posts a label identifying the parameter being measured and a level indicator and hysteresis band...

Page 120: ...ow All button as follows to display Help Markers for every parameter being measured on the displayed waveform C2 in the previous examples 4 Touch a Px for any listed parameter it doesn t matter which Now on its corresponding dialog touch inside the Help Markers control and select Simple or Detailed The Simple selection produces cursors and Measure Gate gate posts The gate posts are independently p...

Page 121: ...arameter in question Then uncheck the AlwaysOn checkbox When you close this dialog the Help Markers for this parameter are no longer shown Measurement Parameter Analysis Measurement Parameter Analysis Overview LeCroy provides a variety of unique capabilities for advanced measurement parameter analysis Most LeCroy oscilloscopes calculate measurements for all instances in the acquisition This provid...

Page 122: ...ets a variety of conditions or scanning through multiple acquisitions with allowable trigger actions when conditions are met In addition a variety of views can be used to understand the specific behaviors of searched or scanned measurement parameters See Introduction to WaveScan on page 139 These capabilities are only possible with the measurement of every occurrence of a measurement parameter in ...

Page 123: ... can be accumulated over many acquisitions and since the oscilloscope takes time to calculate measurement values and to display data before the trigger is re armed data can be missed In general Track is the tool to use if you want to capture a continuous stream of data spaced closely together To understand the change in a parameter with time Trend can be used if your data is spaced widely apart an...

Page 124: ...portion of the trace that is visible on screen That is if you zoom in on a trace the histogram does not contain data for that part of the original no longer visible trace Single Parameter Histogram Setup Setup a single parameter histogram can be done from Measure or Math dialogs The following sections demonstrate both methods SINGLE PARAMETER HISTOGRAM SETUP USING MEASURE Touch Measure Measure Set...

Page 125: ... directly accessing a corresponding Px dialog touch the Measure control and the Select Measurement pop up is shown Regardless of how you performed the previously described initial steps at this point access your corresponding Px dialog to change other setup items as follows 1 Touch inside the Source1 control and select an input waveform from the Select Source window 2 Touch inside the Measure fiel...

Page 126: ...ed Touch the trace descriptor label for the math trace just created for the results and then touch the Histogram tab to access its right hand dialog Numbered callouts on the previous image correspond with the following explanations 1 On the Buffer side of the Histogram right hand dialog touch Values and provide a value 2 On the Scaling side of the Histogram right hand dialog touch Bins and provide...

Page 127: ...log by selecting Math Math Setup on the menu bar There are two ways to select your math operator during setup They only differ in the order of the steps Using the Fx Buttons on the Math Dialog After directly touching an Fx button on the Math dialog the Select Math Operator pop up is shown Math functions are categorized into Basic and Special Using a Corresponding Fx Tab Dialog After directly acces...

Page 128: ... button is used to access the Processing Web and sequence highly detailed math functionality Touch the Graph button and then touch inside the Graph with control to select a graph mode in this case Histogram At this point access the Histogram right hand dialog by touching the Histogram tab on the far right of the screen Follow the final 1 4 steps in the previous Single Parameter Histogram Setup Usi...

Page 129: ...ram of a persistence display also by cutting a horizontal or vertical slice through the waveform You also decide the width of the slice and its horizontal or vertical placement on the waveform Note This math operation is different than the Histogram math operation and is not affected by Center and Width settings made on any existing Histograms PERSISTENCE HISTOGRAM SETUP 1 Touch Math Math Setup on...

Page 130: ...for details around setting up a math trace and selecting your math operator if needed Persistence Sigma Using this math operation you can enter a scale measured in standard deviations by which to create a new waveform Creating and Viewing a Trend 1 In the menu bar touch Measure Measure Setup 2 Touch one of parameter tabs Px showing its corresponding dialog 3 Now on the dialog touch inside the Sour...

Page 131: ...being collected resets the trend If it is necessary to continue data collection for the trend first create a zoom trace of the channel trace before turning off the channel trace Creating a Track View 1 In the menu bar touch Measure Measure Setup 2 Touch a parameter tab Px and its corresponding dialog is shown 3 Now on the dialog touch inside the Source1 data entry field and select an input wavefor...

Page 132: ...h the newly displayed Track math function trace label if you want to change any settings in the Track dialog Pass Fail Parameter Testing Pass Fail Parameter Testing Overview Access the main Pass Fail dialog by selecting Analysis Pass Fail Setup from the menu bar The main Pass Fail dialog is shown Access the respective Qx dialogs either by touching a Qx button on this main Pass Fail dialog or touch...

Page 133: ...using the Testing checkbox on the main Pass Fail dialog You can also specify Actions for all or some of your conditions using the Actions dialog Testing and Enabling Pass Fail Conditions Beside each Qx button on the main Pass Fail dialog is a corresponding Qx checkbox Use either these checkboxes or the ones on each respective Qx dialog to enable the specific condition for use ...

Page 134: ... Your test data is shown on the Table display area shown in the previous screen shot Pass Fail Setup on Qx Dialogs The Qx dialog contains several controls for specifying your Pass Fail setup MAIN QX DIALOG CONTROLS Use the Source1 control to specify the waveform you ll use for your Condition Set your Pass Fail condition by touching the Condition control on the corresponding Qx dialog The Pass Fail...

Page 135: ...heir respective right hand dialogs Boolean Identity This condition simply passes the input values through as the desired result Param and Dual Param Compare Using the Param Compare conditions each Pass Fail input Qx can compare a different parameter result to a user defined limit or statistical range under a different condition Comparing a Single Parameter 1 With the ParamCompare condition selecte...

Page 136: ...arameter the unit is seconds If you choose either WithinDeltaPct or WithinDeltaAbs from the Condition menu respectively previous you also have the choice of setting the limit by means of the statistical buttons relating to standard statistical limits at the bottom of the ParamCompare dialog Comparing Dual Parameters In Dual Parameter Compare mode your oscilloscope can take parameter results measur...

Page 137: ...uch inside the Condition field in the main dialog and select DualParamCompare 4 Touch inside the Source1 and Source2 fields and select a source from the pop up menu 5 Touch inside the ParamCompare mini dialog field and select a source from the pop up menu 6 Touch inside the Compare Values field and select All or Any from the pop up menu By selecting All the test are true only if every waveform fal...

Page 138: ...hat you are testing For example if you are testing a time parameter the unit is seconds 9 If you choose either WithinDeltaPct or WithinDeltaAbs from the Condition menu respectively touch inside the Delta field and enter a value The Actions Dialog Various configurations can be made to all or some of your Pass Fail conditions using the Actions dialog By touching the Stop Testcheckbox in the Actions ...

Page 139: ...cilloscope You can set the amplitude and width of the pulse as described in Auxiliary Output Signals Depending on your oscilloscope model you can configure up to 8 pass fail conditions The Boolean conditions to determine if your waveform passes are as follows Pass Fail Boolean Conditions All True All False Any True Any False All Q1 to Q4 Or All Q5 to Q8 Any Q1 to Q4 And Any Q5 to Q8 PASS FAIL TEST...

Page 140: ...place when your waveform passes or fails the test 8 The Then section of the dialog provides stop test sound alarm print result emit pulse or save the waveform actions If you want to have the results printed and your oscilloscope is not equipped with a printer make sure your instrument is connected to a local or network printer Learn more in the Printing and Hardcopy FunctionsPrinting and Hardcopy ...

Page 141: ...power of LeCroy s math functions is most evident when used to perform mathematical functions on waveforms displayed on any channel Cx to perform mathematical functions on waveforms recalled from memory Mx as a source input waveform Fx in order to perform computations in sequence as parameters Px Instruments offering more than one math trace provide even more enhanced capabilities For example setti...

Page 142: ...y only differ in the order of the steps Using the Fx Buttons on the Math Dialog After directly touching an Fx button on the Math dialog the Select Math Operator pop up is shown Math functions are categorized into Basic and Special Using a Corresponding Fx Tab Dialog After directly accessing a corresponding Fx dialog touch the Operator control and the Select Math Operator pop up is shown ...

Page 143: ...f your waveform used on a Math trace using the source Source 1 control Touch the Single function button if you want to perform just one math function on the trace or touch the Dual function button to perform math on math shown respectively as follows Touch the Graph button and then touch inside the Graph with control to select a graph mode Use the web edit button to access the Processing Web and f...

Page 144: ... can be set and a pass fail result returned based on whether the condition was found to be true or false The source of the mask is always a trace Channel Zoom Math waveform etc Creating a Mask 1 After selecting Analysis Pass Fail the Pass Fail dialog is shown If you touch the Q1 button a pop up is shown where you can select the Mask test Pass Fail Condition ...

Page 145: ...the Condition control shows the same pop up where you can select the Mask test Pass Fail Condition 2 With the Mask test Pass Fail Condition selected the Test Load Mask Make Mask and Gate right hand dialogs are shown and are where you manage make and apply gates to your mask For more detailed information about these right hand dialogs refer to Pass Fail Testing on page 122 ...

Page 146: ...mask by accessing the Qx dialog On the Load Mask right hand dialog click the Delete button Mask testing can be done using an existing mask or by using a mask created from your actual waveform with vertical and horizontal tolerances that you define Existing masks can be loaded from a floppy disk or from a network You can set your mask test to be True for waveforms All In All Out Any In or Any Out F...

Page 147: ...arkers section of the dialog choose whether or not to have mask violations displayed by touching either the Off or On button respectively When loading a pre existing mask use the Load Mask right hand dialog Using the File button you can then enter the file name or browse to its location When creating a new mask use the Make Mask right hand dialog Touch the Browse button to create a file name and l...

Page 148: ... Gate right hand dialog you can enter values in the Start and Stop fields to constrain the mask to a portion of the waveform Or you can simply touch and drag the Gate posts which initially are placed at the extreme left and right ends of the grid ...

Page 149: ... greater For instance there is no frequency trigger in any oscilloscope yet WaveScan allows for quick frequency scans You can accumulate a data set of unusual events separated by hours or days enabling faster debugging The events are time stamped table indexed and event rows can be selected for individual viewing You can also set actions to occur automatically when unusual events are found stop th...

Page 150: ...tions portion of the trace dialog Note The number of grids displayed varies from one to three grids depending on which views are enabled WaveScan handles this function automatically and there is no option to move traces from one grid to another as would be the case under normal non WaveScan operation Search Modes Search modes are used to locate anomalies during acquisition Edge Mode for detecting ...

Page 151: ... post acquisition measurements can also be made The number of parameters available depends on the options loaded on your instrument Measurements are made only on the events defined by your filter search criteria A Filter Wizard is provided to quickly establish statistical criteria such as 1 3 or 5 sigma Sampling Mode Whenever WaveScan is enabled the instrument reverts to Real time sampling mode ...

Page 152: ...results back from those programs and display them on the instrument without leaving the instrument application environment Once the result is returned you can perform additional oscilloscope operations such as measuring with cursors applying parameters or performing additional functions on the waveform in exactly the same way as for a normal waveform You can program the oscilloscope yourself The i...

Page 153: ...al processing on the result by applying either standard instrument parameters functions etc to the returned result or even more powerfully adding chained customized functions For example you can do an Excel calculation on a result with a MATLAB function applied to it ...

Page 154: ...l at any time Besides storing the waveform data LabNotebook also stores your panel setups and parameter measurements You can also back up the database to external media The Flashback feature allows you to recall the state of the DSO at a later date including the saved waveforms and the DSO setup so you can make additional measurements A keyword filter makes it easy to find and recall a specific no...

Page 155: ...reports Numbered sections on this dialog correspond with the following explanations Note Before creating a new Notebook Entry you should first configure your preferences in Preferences 1 You can create a notebook entry by either Touching File Create Notebook Entry on the menu bar Touching the Create button on the main LabNotebook dialog Regardless the Enter Notebook Info pop up is shown where you ...

Page 156: ...on of the dialog you can do the following 3 Touch the Flashback Recall button to return your instrument to the state it was in when the Notebook Entry was saved Exit Flashback by touching the Undo Flashback button in the top right corner of the screen or touch the Auto Trigger front panel control PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING The flashback feature currently recalls the DSO Setup and all displayed wave...

Page 157: ...lem however if cumulative measurements were on when the entry was stored and the cumulative measurements accumulated data from multiple acquired waveforms they lose their history and show instead only the results from the stored waveforms 4 You can use the Up and Down arrows to move through your My Notebook Entries list one row at a time If you have a large amount of entries touch the Filter butto...

Page 158: ...shows the Select All Clear All Select Clear and Print buttons The Select All Clear All Select and Clear buttons are used to select deselect multiple entries on the My Notebook Entries list The Print button can only be used for Multi Selection printing of My Notebook Entries from the main LabNotebook dialog Note If selected in Preferences your entry can show your waveforms in print colors This mean...

Page 159: ...trument s hard drive Directly access each Save Recall dialog Waveform Table Setups and Disk Utilities on the File menu on the menu bar A main Save Recall dialog is shown providing buttons to access the aforementioned dialogs for specific Save Recall functions Note While the Disk Utilities on page 172 is the final dialog of these Save Recall functions it s actually considered part of the Utilities ...

Page 160: ...nside one of the six SetupX data entry controls on the Save to Internal Setup part of the screen and providing a name Now touch its corresponding Save button directly to the left Your setup file is then saved to the D Internal Setups location on your instrument and the current date time is shown above the SetupX data entry control OR SAVING SETUP S DIRECTLY TO A FILE Save your setup s directly to ...

Page 161: ...provide a path to the destination folder Or touch Browse to navigate to the destination folder Finally touch the Recall Now button Recalling Default Settings Some of the default settings for your oscilloscope include the following configurations Channels 1 and 2 are turned on at 50 mV div 0V offset linear interpolation All other measurements are cleared for Math Reference Waveforms and Channels Tr...

Page 162: ...y Source and Destination controls are shown on the Save Waveform dialog When File is selected many more controls are available Regardless the controls are used as explained in the following steps 2 Touch inside the Source control and select a source from the Select Source pop up The source can be any trace for example a channel C1 C4 math function F1 F4 or a waveform stored in non volatile RAM M1 ...

Page 163: ... a format type Binary saves the file to LeCroy s binary file format This format is documented in various Remote Control Manuals for LeCroy Oscilloscopes Selecting Binary results in the smallest possible file size and is recommended when recalling waveforms to LeCroy instruments Note Binary files can be converted to ASCII using LeCroy utilities such as ScopeExplorer or WaveStudio ASCII Text output ...

Page 164: ...plitude Specifies the output file include both time and amplitude data for each sample With Header Specifies to include a header with scaling information If you select ASCII touch the Delimiter control and select a delimiter character from the pop up menu Choose from comma space semicolon or tab delimiters PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING Select Audio to save your waveforms into the wav format The WaveML...

Page 165: ...ecall your waveform s 1 Select either Memory or File by touching either respective button on the Recall From portion of the dialog Note When Memory is selected only Source Destination and Show on recall controls are shown on the Recall Waveform dialog When File is selected many more controls are available Regardless the controls are used as explained in the following steps 2 If recalling from Memo...

Page 166: ...ch the Browse button and navigate to the file Touch inside the Next file will be recalled from data entry control and provide the path or touch the Browse button to navigate to the file 7 Up Down arrows Use these buttons to cycles through files in the selected folder from the Show only files control 8 When finished touch the Recall Now button ...

Page 167: ...es Disk Utilities and Preferences Utilities Selecting Utilities Utilities Setup shows the main Utilities dialog by default The following controls are available from this dialog The HardCopy Setup Date Time Setup and System Status buttons all open their corresponding dialogs Note To the right of the HardCopy Setup button display text indicates your currently selected printer for convenience When to...

Page 168: ...for this procedure Using your finger for the calibration prompts provides insufficient accuracy for the procedure The calibration procedure times out after ten seconds pass and no cross is touched Avoid parallax errors by placing your line of sight directly in front of each cross before touching it The Service button is a section of the application reserved for qualified LeCroy personnel When touc...

Page 169: ... and receive the code Note For more information about LeCroy Software Options Contact LeCroy for Support on page 188 After adding new software options the entire oscilloscope application needs to be restarted Do this by touching the desktop shortcut Restart the Windows operating system on your instrument if necessary by rebooting the oscilloscope Do this by pressing the power switch and then turni...

Page 170: ...are operating the instrument remotely You can log all events or errors only This log can be invaluable when you are creating and debugging remote control applications REMOTE COMMUNICATION SETUP If you are connecting the oscilloscope to a network first contact your Information Systems administrator If you are connecting the oscilloscope directly to your PC connect a GPIB or Ethernet cable between t...

Page 171: ...file by touching the Show Remote Control Log button The Event Logs pop up is shown Touch inside the DestFilename data entry control and provide a file name using your preferred input control method for more information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 Then touch the Export to Text File button Printing and Hardcopy Functions Your instrument provides the ability to...

Page 172: ...r Colors touch the Use Print Colors checkbox if you want the traces printed on a white background Note A white background saves printer toner You can change the printer colors in the Utilities Preference Setup Color dialog 4 Touch inside the Select Printer control and choose a printer from the pop up menu 5 Touch the Properties button to see your printer setup 4 Touch the icon for the layout Orien...

Page 173: ...cilloscope 1 Touch File Print Setup on the menu bar OR Press the PRINT front panel button Then touch the Print Setup button on the Print flyout menu OR Touch Utilities Utilities Setup and click the Hardcopy tab 2 On the Utilities Hardcopy dialog touch the Printer icon 3 Touch the Add Printer button A Microsoft Windows Printer window opens where you can add a printer PRINTING A SCREEN IMAGE You can...

Page 174: ...ing a Screen Image and alternatively to File Print and using the additional setting from the Hardcopy dialog choose from either of the following methods to quickly print from your instrument Press the PRINT front panel button Then touch the Print Now button from the Print flyout menu Touch Utilities Utilities Setup and click the Hardcopy tab On the Hardcopy dialog touch the Print Now button CLIPBO...

Page 175: ...ackground or Black White to print the waveforms in black white Note Choosing Print colors saves printer toner or ink 2 Touch the Hardcopy Area control to choose which part of the screen you want to print Choose Grid Area Only if you do not need to print the dialog area and you only want to show the waveforms and grids Choose DSO window if you want to print the dialogs with the waveforms and grids ...

Page 176: ...elect a graphic file format from the pop up menu 2 Touch the Colors control and choose Standard to print the screen as it appears Print to print the waveforms on a white background or Black White to print the waveforms in black white Note Choosing Print colors saves printer toner or ink when you eventually do print from the file 3 Touch inside the File Name data entry control and provide a name fo...

Page 177: ...n Preference Setup Choose from either of the following methods to e mail your screen image Press the PRINT front panel button Then touch the Send Screen To E mail button from the Print flyout menu Note Once you have configured your E mail settings from the Hardcopy dialog using the next procedure you can touch the PRINT front panel button and touch Send Screen To E mail on the Print flyout menu Th...

Page 178: ...y do print from the file 3 Touch the Prompt for message to send with mail checkbox if you want to include remarks with the image 4 Touch the Hardcopy Area control to choose which part of the screen you want to print Choose Grid Area Only if you do not need to print the dialog area and you only want to show the waveforms and grids Choose DSO window if you want to print the dialogs with the waveform...

Page 179: ... information regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 2 On the Use Calibration Output For section of the dialog choose Square DC Level or Off If you want a 1 kHz 1 V Square Wave touch the Set to 1 kHz 1 V Square Wave button Additional controls are made available based on Square or DC Level selections as follows If you selected Square on the Use Calibration Output For sec...

Page 180: ...lloscope is ready Trigger Out This function can be used to trigger an external oscilloscope Pass Fail Allows you to set a pulse duration durations vary based on your specific model refer to datasheet specifications at www lecroy com for details generates a pulse when pass fail testing is active and conditions are met Fast Edge Some models provide this signal output used to deskew multiple channels...

Page 181: ...me and date or get it from the Internet If you elect to get the date and time from the Internet you need to have the oscilloscope connected to the Internet through the LAN connector on your instrument s I O panel You can also set time zones and daylight savings time 1 You can set the Date and Time manually by providing a value in the Hour Minute Second Day Month and Year using your preferred input...

Page 182: ...move software options Contact LeCroy for more information using Contact LeCroy for Support on page 188 or visit our Website at www lecroy com options This dialog also shows your ScopeID and Serial Disk Utilities Use the Disk Utilities dialog to arrange the file folder structure on your instrument s hard drive You can delete files folders or create new folders Note All Disk Utilities can also be ac...

Page 183: ... regarding the touch screen controls refer to Dialog Area on page 46 OR Touch the Browse button and navigate to the file Note You can also use the up down arrows to move through the files contained in the Current folder selected With the desired file for deletion located touch the Delete File button 2 Delete all files in a folder by repeating the aforementioned Delete a single file process up to t...

Page 184: ...e following sections cover the Preferences Acquisition E Mail Color and Miscellaneous dialogs Preferences Selecting Utilities Preference Setup shows the main Preferences dialog by default The following controls are available from this dialog Numbered sections on this dialog correspond with the following explanations 1 You can choose to have audible confirmation each time you touch a screen or fron...

Page 185: ...sing the buttons provided on the Optimize For section of the dialog Available choices are presented as a spectrum with highest values at Analysis and Display extremes Select one of the buttons for the desired performance optimization An example reasoning for Analysis optimization would be its persistence or averaging usefulness In such a case giving higher priority to waveform acquisition at the e...

Page 186: ...ting constant in area of the dialog touch either the Time or Div button As you change the timebase this control allows you to either keep the horizontal offset indicator stationary when Div is selected or to have it move with the trigger point when Time is selected The advantage of selecting Div is that the trigger point remains on the grid as you increase the timebase whereas if Time is selected ...

Page 187: ...r setups Access these status dialogs by making the following menu bar selections Vertical Channels Status Timebase Acquisition Status Trigger Acquisition Status Math Math Status Zoom Status or Memory Status In addition to these dialogs summaries are also provided for XY setups memory M1 M4 setups and time stamps for sequence mode sampling E Mail Before you can send e mail from the oscilloscope con...

Page 188: ...on of the dialog based the MAPI or SMTP choice during the previous step If you chose MAPI touch inside the Originator Address From data entry field and provide the instrument s e mail address Then touch inside the Default Recipient Address To data entry field and provide the recipient s e mail address If you chose SMTP touch inside the SMTP Server data entry field and provide the name of your serv...

Page 189: ... and Print by touching one of the color swatches The Color pop up control is shown and may be used to specify your desired color 3 Again just like Channels make color selections for Memory Traces Screen and Print by touching one of the color swatches The Color pop up control is shown and may be used to specify your desired color 4 You can use the Factory default colors button to instantly recall t...

Page 190: ...e Zoom trace Use Control Sensitivity to choose Legacy or Optimized values 3 If you have Serial Data Debug Solutions installed on your oscilloscope you can control Annotations being put On Trace on all traces or On Noisy Trace only on noisy traces 4 You can shut off the SuperKnob Help flyout menu by un marking the SuperKnob Help checkbox on the Other section of the dialog System Recovery Tool Resto...

Page 191: ...telephone Have your Windows Product Key number shown on a sticker on your oscilloscope handy during Widows reactivation The current oscilloscope application software can be downloaded directly from the LeCroy website at www lecroy com Since the calibration data for the oscilloscope is stored in the D drive current calibration constants are not overwritten during the recovery process Since third pa...

Page 192: ...o the oscilloscope 4 As soon as the Starting Acronis Loader Press F11 for Acronis Startup Recovery Manager message appears on the screen press the F11 key until the recovery software logo appears momentarily The Acronis True Image Echo Workstation main window is displayed Note Do not press F11 before you see the Starting Acronis Loader message or you will enter the MB boot sequence selection 5 Sel...

Page 193: ... displayed indicating that Acronis True Image is ready to proceed with the recovery of the C partition Click Proceed to start the recovery process Note This takes approximately 4 to 15 minutes depending on the version of Operating system that is being restored The progress is displayed on the screen 16 Once the restoration is complete an Information window is displayed indicating that the Data was...

Page 194: ...n activating have the Windows Product Key number handy it is affixed to the rear of the oscilloscope Restarting the Application Upon initial power up the oscilloscope automatically loads the instrument application software If you exit the application and want to reload it touch the shortcut icon on the desktop Note If you minimize the application touch the appropriate task bar or desktop icon to m...

Page 195: ...C for Product Safety EMC Directive EN 61326 1 2006 EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS EN 55011 A2 2002 Radiated and conducted emissions Class A EN 61000 3 2 2006 Harmonic Current Emissions Class A EN 61000 3 3 A2 2005 Voltage Fluctuations and Flickers Pst 1 ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY EN 61000 4 2 2001 Electrostatic Discharge...

Page 196: ...C limits during the disturbance product undergoes a temporary degradation or loss of function of performance which requires operator intervention or system reset WARNING This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take appropriate measures Low Voltage Directive EN 61010 1 2001 Safety requirements for electr...

Page 197: ...Zi GSM E Protection Class I Provided with terminal for protective ground UL and cUL The oscilloscope is UL and cUL listed and conforms to the following standards UL Standard UL 61010 1 2nd Edition Canadian Standard CSA C22 2 No 61010 1 04 ...

Page 198: ...800 553 2769 options 1 2 and 3 respectively or 845 425 2000 Fax Sales Applications and Service 845 578 5985 Email Sales Applications and Service contact corp lecroy com Web Site www lecroy com United States Protocol Solutions Group LeCroy Corporation 3385 Scott Boulevard Santa Clara CA 95054 Phone Sales and Service 800 909 7211 or 408 727 6600 Phone Support 800 909 7112 or 408 653 1260 Fax Sales S...

Page 199: ...om cn Korea Seoul LeCroy Korea 10th fl Ildong Bldg 968 5 Daechi dong Gangnam gu Seoul 135 280 Korea Phone Sales and Support 82 2 3452 0400 Fax Sales and Support 82 2 3452 0490 Web Site http www lecroy co kr Singapore Oscilloscopes LeCroy Singapore Pte Ltd Blk 750C Chai Chee Road 02 08 Technopark Chai Chee Singapore 469003 Phone Sales and Support 65 64424880 Fax Sales and Support 65 64427811 Singap...

Page 200: ... IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY LICENSING THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT YOU OR YOUR AND LECROY CORPORATION LECROY FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT S ACCOMPANYING THIS EULA WHICH INCLUDE S COMPUTER PROGRAMS ANY ONLINE OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION AND PRINTED MATERIALS PROVIDED BY LECROY HEREWITH DOCUMENTATION ASSOCIATED MEDIA AND ANY UPDATES AS DEFINED BELOW COLLECTIVELY THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT B...

Page 201: ...ment of all applicable fees LeCroy grants to you a nonexclusive nontransferable license the License to a operate the Software Product as provided or installed in object code form for your own internal business purposes i for use in or with an instrument provided or manufactured by LeCroy an Instrument ii for testing your software product s to be used solely by you that are designed to operate in c...

Page 202: ...he Software Product is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties The Software Product is licensed not sold The terms of this printed paper EULA supersede the terms of any on screen license agreement found within the Software Product 1 2 Upgrades If the Software Product is labeled as an upgrade or other similar designat...

Page 203: ...e foregoing prohibition transfers will only be effective if you transfer a copy of this EULA as well as all copies of the Software Product whereupon your right to use the Software product will terminate Except as described in this Section 1 3 You are not permitted i to decompile disassemble reverse compile reverse assemble reverse translate or otherwise reverse engineer the Software Product ii to ...

Page 204: ...PRERELEASE CODE Portions of the Software Product may be identified as prerelease code Prerelease Code Prerelease Code is not at the level of performance and compatibility of the final generally available product offering The Prerelease Code may not operate correctly and may be substantially modified prior to first commercial shipment LeCroy is not obligated to make this or any later version of the...

Page 205: ...r third party suppliers and is protected by applicable copyright or other intellectual property laws and treaties You will not take any action inconsistent with such title and ownership This EULA grants you no rights to use such Content outside of the proper exercise of the license granted hereunder and LeCroy will not be responsible or liable therefor 3 2 Intellectual Property Protection You may ...

Page 206: ... necessary pursuant to the lawful requirement of a governmental agency or when disclosure is required by operation of law provided that prior to any such disclosure the receiving party shall use reasonable efforts to a promptly notify the disclosing party in writing of such requirement to disclose and b cooperate fully with the disclosing party in protecting against any such disclosure or obtainin...

Page 207: ...l also terminate if you breach any of the terms or conditions of this EULA You agree that if this EULA terminates for any reason the License will immediately terminate and you will destroy all copies of the Software Product and all Derivatives installed or otherwise the Documentation and the Confidential Information and all derivatives of any of the foregoing that are in your possession or under y...

Page 208: ...th Korea Sudan and Syria or to any national of any such country wherever located who intends to transmit or transport the Restricted Components back to such country b to any end user who you know or have reason to know will utilize the Restricted Components in the design development or production of nuclear chemical or biological weapons or c to any end user who has been prohibited from participat...

Page 209: ...RWISE FORM THE BASIS FOR THE BARGAIN BETWEEN THE PARTIES 7 2 Limitation of Liability LECROY S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ANY CLAIM OR ACTION SHALL NOT EXCEED THE GREATER OF THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR U S 5 00 PROVIDED THAT IF YOU HAVE ENTERED INTO A SUPPORT SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH LECROY LECROY S ENTIRE LIABILITY REGARD...

Page 210: ...cause the Software Product to be used or accessed 8 2 No Agency Nothing contained in this EULA will be deemed to constitute either party as the agent or representative of the other party or both parties as joint venturers or partners for any purpose 8 3 Entire Agreement Waiver Severability This EULA constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with regard to the subject matter hereof No pr...

Page 211: ...d assignment or transfer of or under this EULA this EULA or the relevant provisions will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors executors heirs representatives administrators and assigns of the parties hereto 8 6 Notices All notices or other communications between LeCroy and you under this EULA will be in writing and delivered personally sent by confirmed fax by confirmed e mai...

Page 212: ...nual WR6Zi GSM E 202 Windows License Agreement LeCroy s agreement with Microsoft prohibits users from running software on LeCroy X Stream oscilloscopes that is not relevant to measuring analyzing or documenting waveforms ...

Page 213: ...tup 68 C calibration 11 channel deskew 70 cleaning 11 clipboard 163 Color 178 Condition Based Right Hand Dialogs 124 cooling 7 coupling 67 Coupling 78 Create a Folder 172 cursors icons 101 setup 102 Cursors 27 103 customization connectivity 141 Customization Overview 141 D data formats 152 date time 170 Decode 28 Default Recipient Address To 177 Delete a single file 172 Delete all files in a folde...

Page 214: ... intensity 89 grid on top 90 H hardcopy setup 160 Hardware and Software Controls 19 Help 109 help markers 107 histograms creating and viewing 112 History 29 holdoff 81 Horizontal Front Panel Controls 23 I I O Panel 17 Intensity knob 95 intensity of grid 89 intensity of trace 90 inverting waveforms 69 L LabNotebook 30 drawing toolbar 144 LabNotebook Overivew 143 Level 80 Linear 69 M Mask Testing 13...

Page 215: ...iew of E Mail modes 177 P Parameter Measurements 140 parameter setup 105 parameters measure modes 107 standard vertical 107 Pass Fail Condition Setup 123 Pass Fail Parameter Testing Overview 121 pass fail testing actions 127 Pass Fail Testing Setup 128 Passive Probe Compensation 37 performance optimization 174 Persistence 93 Persistence Setup 93 power ground connections 8 Preference Setup 173 Pref...

Page 216: ...1 Saving Oscilloscope Setup s 149 Saving Setup s Directly to a File 149 Saving Setup s Internally on Your Instrument 149 Saving TriggerScan Setups 87 Saving Waveforms 151 Screen Layout Groupings and Controls 38 Search Modes 139 segments displaying 62 Send Test Mail 177 sensitivity and position adjusting 66 Sequence Display Modes 58 sequence mode display setup 90 Sequence Sampling Mode Working with...

Page 217: ...rend creating and viewing 119 Trigger 77 trigger counter 175 trigger coupling 79 Trigger Front Panel Controls 21 Trigger Overview 71 trigger setup coupling 79 holdoff 81 trigger types 71 trigger types 71 TriggerScan 84 Turning 104 Turning on Channels and Traces 52 Type 78 U utilities acquisition status 176 audio feedback 173 autocalibration 174 auxiliary output signals 169 clipboard 163 date time ...

Page 218: ...le gain 69 Vertical Front Panel Controls 23 view aux in 83 W waveform position 66 WaveML data format 153 WavePro 184 WaveScan 29 WaveScan Overview 138 WaveStream 95 Width 81 Windows operating system 183 Z Zooming Segments in Sequence Mode 61 Zooming Waveforms Overview 96 ...

Page 219: ...Thank you for purchasing a WaveRunner 6 Zi oscilloscope ...

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