4
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Black smoke ……………………………………………………………………………… 40
Blue smoke………………………………………………………………………………… 40
White smoke or steam…………………………………………………………………… 41
Low engine compression ………………………………………………………………… 41
High engine compression ……………………………………………………………… 41
Engine overheating (cooling system) ………………………………………………… 41
Engine overheating (engine)…………………………………………………………… 42
The ignition advance angle is too large………………………………………………… 42
Detonation………………………………………………………………………………… 42
Power loss ……………………………………………………………………………… 42
engine noises……………………………………………………………………………… 43
ENGLNE LUBRICATION…………………………………………………………………… 44
HIGH OIL CONSUMPTION OR EXCESSIVE……………………………………………… 44
Exhaust smoke…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Low oil pressure ………………………………………………………………………… 44
High oil pressure ………………………………………………………………………… 44
No oil pressure…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Oil level too low…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Oil contamination………………………………………………………………………… 45
CYLINDER LEAK DOWN TEST…………………………………………………………… 45
ELECTRICAL TESTING…………………………………………………………………… 47
Preliminary checks and precautions …………………………………………………… 47
Intermittent problems…………………………………………………………………… 48
Electrical component replacement ……………………………………………………… 49
Test equipment …………………………………………………………………………… 49
Ammeter …………………………………………………………………………………… 49
Self-powered test light …………………………………………………………………… 49
Ohmmeter ………………………………………………………………………………… 49
Jumper wire……………………………………………………………………………… 50
TEST PROCEDURES………………………………………………………………………… 51
Voltage test……………………………………………………………………………… 51
Voltage drop test………………………………………………………………………… 51
Peak voltage test………………………………………………………………………… 52
Continuity test……………………………………………………………………………… 52
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Testing for a short with a self-powered test light or ohmmeter……………………… 52
Testing for a short with a test light or voltmeter………………………………………… 53
BRAKE SYSTEM……………………………………………………………………………… 53
Soft or spongy brake lever or pedal…………………………………………………… 53
Brake drag………………………………………………………………………………… 54
Hard brake lever or pedal operation…………………………………………………… 55
Brake Grabs……………………………………………………………………………… 55
Brake squeal or chatter ………………………………………………………………… 55
Leaking brake caliper …………………………………………………………………… 55
Leaking master cylinder………………………………………………………………… 55
CHAPTER 2
SPECIFICATIONS
HOW TO USE CONVERSION TABLE OF UNIT…………………………………………… 57
How to use conversion table…………………………………………………………… 57
Definition of unit ………………………………………………………………………… 57
GEBERAR SPECIFICATIONS ……………………………………………………………… 58
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS ………………………………………………………………… 61
CHASSIS SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………………………… 67
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS…………………………………………………………… 69
TIGHTENING TORQUES …………………………………………………………………… 71
Engine tightening torques………………………………………………………………… 71
Chassis tightening torques ……………………………………………………………… 74
GENERAL TIGHTENING TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS ………………………………… 76
LUBRICATION PIONTS AND LUBRICANT TYPES……………………………………… 77
Engine……………………………………………………………………………………… 77
Chassis……………………………………………………………………………………… 78
HYDROGRAPHIC CHART…………………………………………………………………… 79
LUBRICATION OIL WAY…………………………………………………………………… 80
